the industrial revolution 1750-1914 the domestic system to the factory system
TRANSCRIPT
THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 1750-1914
THE DOMESTIC SYSTEM TO THE FACTORY SYSTEM
AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION
PREDECESSOR TO THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION: CHANGES IN THEORY AND MACHINERY.
AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION
AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION
NEW CROPSCHARLES TOWNSHEND – CROP ROTATIONCOMPLIMENTARY CROPS (CLOVER &TURNIPS – WHEAT & BARLEY)
JETHRO TULL – SEED DRILL
IRON PLOWS MECHANICAL
REAPERS AND THRESHERS
ENCLOSURE MOVEMENT
AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION: THE ENCLOSURE MOVEMENT
THE FENCING OFF OF PUBLIC LANDS BY LANDOWNERS (1700’S).
AGRICULTURE BECAME MORE EFFICIENT.
EXPERIMENTATION WITH NEW CROPS.
FEWER FARM WORKERS NEEDED.
AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION THE ENCLOSURE MOVEMENT: RESULTS
MORE FOOD, BETTER DIET, IMPROVED HEALTH RAPID POPULATION GROWTH INCREASED DEMAND FOR MANUFACTURED GOODS UNEMPLOYED FARMERS = LARGE NEW LABOR FORCE
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
DOMESTIC SYSTEM (COTTAGE INDUSTRY) WOOL/COTTON CLOTH MANUFACTURED IN THE
HOME. ENTREPRENEURS DELIVERED RAW MATERIALS. FAMILIES CLEANED RAW MATERIAL, SPUN THREAD AND WOVE CLOTH. THIS SYSTEM COULD NOT KEEP UP WITH DEMAND.
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION MECHANICAL INVENTIONS
JOHN KAY FLYING SHUTTLE 1733 SPED UP WEAVING
PROCESS WEAVERS USE
THREAD FASTER THAN SPINNERS COULD PRODUCE IT
JAMES HARGREAVES SPINNING JENNY 1764 SPED UP THE
SPINNING PROCESS A PERSON COULD
SPIN SEVERAL THREADS AT ONCE
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTIONFLYING SHUTTLE
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION SPINNING JENNY
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION MECHANICAL INVENTIONS
RICHARD ARKWRIGHT
WATER FRAME 1769 100 SPINDLES
DRIVEN BY WATER POWER
INCREASED THREAD PRODUCTION
SAMUEL CROMPTON SPINNING MULE 1779 USED FEATURES OF
THE SPINNING JENNY AND THE WATER FRAME
INCREASED THREAD PRODUCTION
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION WATER FRAME
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION SPINNING MULE
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION MECHANICAL INVENTIONS
EDWARD CARTWRIGHT
POWER LOOM 1785 LOOM IN WHICH THE
WEAVING ACTION WAS POWERED BY WATER
A WORKER COULD PRODUCE 200 TIMES MORE CLOTH IN A DAY
ELI WHITNEY COTTON GIN 1793 MACHINE THAT TORE
FIBERS FROM SEEDS TO CLEAN THE RAW COTTON
SPED UP THE PROCESS OF CLEANING COTTON FIBER
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION POWER LOOM
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION COTTON GIN
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
FACTORY SYSTEMWORKERS AND MACHINES BROUGHT TOGETHER IN ONE PLACEINVESTORS BUILT LARGE BUILDINGS TO HOUSE MACHINESWORKERS HAD A SET NUMBER OF HOURS TO WORKWORKERS WERE PAID DAILY OR WEEKLY WAGES
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION THE STEAM ENGINE
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION THE STEAM ENGINE
1698-THOMAS SAVERY-STEAM DRIVEN PUMP-REMOVE WATER FROM FLOODED COAL MINES
EARLY 1700’S-THOMAS NEWCOMEN –SAFER STEAM POWERED PUMP
1760’S-JAMES WATT-IMPROVED NEWCOMEN ENGINE, PRODUCED 4 TIMES THE POWER AND STEAM BECAME AN EFFICENT POWER SOURCE
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION COAL AND IRON
EARLY 1700’S-ABRAHAM DARBY-DEVELOPED A WAY TO USE A FORM OF COAL, INSTEAD OF CHARCOAL, TO SMELT THE IRON. IRON IS BETTER QUALITY AND CHEAPER TO PRODUCE
DARBY MADE IRON 1850’S-HENRY BESSEMER-’PROCESS’
CREATED STRONGER, CHEAPER STEEL
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION TRANSPORTATION & COMMUNICATION
CANAL-1759-DUKE OF BRIDGEWATER ROAD SURFACE-1700’S-JOHN MCADAM RAILROAD-1829-GEORGE STEPHENSON
‘ROCKET’ TRAVELED AT 36 MPH! BETWEEN 1850 AND 1860 BRITAIN BUILT OVER 5000 MILES OF RAILROAD TRACK
STEAMSHIP-1807-ROBERT FULTON TELEGRAPH-1837-SAMUEL F.B. MORSE INEXPENSIVE POSTAL SYSTEM IN BRITAIN
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION LOCOMOTIVE & STEAMSHIP
Why were railroads improvements over canals?
WHY DID BRITAIN LEAD THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION?
AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION = MORE FOOD
AVAILABLE LABOR POOL
PLENTY OF COAL & IRON
EXCELLENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM
MERCHANT TRADITION
CAPITAL FOR INVESTMENT
LARGE COLONIAL EMPIRE FOR RAW MATERIALS
COLONIAL EMPIRE WAS A MARKET FOR FINISHED GOODS
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION BRITAIN’S REIGN AS A WORLD POWER BEGINS