PowerPoint Presentation

The Independence of Mexico.

In the early 19th century, Napoleons occupation of Spain led to the outbreak of revolts all across Spanish America. Miguel Hidalgo y Costillathe father of Mexican independencelaunched the Mexican rebellion with his Cry of Delores, the revolutionary tract, so-named because it was publicly read by Hidalgo in the town of Dolores, called for the end of 300 years of Spanish rule in Mexico, redistribution of land, and racial equality. Thousands of Indians and mestizos flocked to Hidalgos banner of the Virgin of Guadalupe thus forming a large army .

The Hidalgo army was Defeated at Caldern in January 1811, forcing him to flee north but was captured and executed. The Independence war does not end there. This was followed by other peasant leaders, such as Jos Mara Morelos y Pavn, Mariano Matamoros, and Vicente Guerrero,who were in charge of various armies of native and racially mixed revolutionaries against the Spanish and the Royalists

In early 1821, Agustn de Iturbide, the leader of the Royalist forces, negotiated the Plan of Iguala with Vicente Guerrero. Under the plan, Mexico would be established as an independent constitutional monarchy, the privileged position of the Catholic Church would be maintained, and Mexicans of Spanish descent would be regarded as equal to pure Spaniards. Mexicans of mixed or pure Indian blood would have lesser rights.

Iturbide defeated the Royalist forces still opposed to independence, and the new Spanish viceroy, lacking money, provisions, and troops, was forced to accept Mexican independence. On August 24, 1821, Spanish Viceroy Juan de ODonoj signed the Treaty of Crdoba, which approves a plan to make Mexico an independent constitutional monarchy.

In 1822, as no Bourbon monarch to rule Mexico had been found, Iturbide was proclaimed the emperor of Mexico. However, his empire was short-lived, and in 1823 republican leaders Santa Anna and Guadalupe Victoria deposed Iturbide and set up a republic, with Guadalupe Victoria as its first president.

The war ended. The people won. Spain fell. Mexico is free ...

Mexico is independent.

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