JOHN F. MOFFITT

The Arts in Spain 1

172 illustrations, 51 in colour . f

Thames a Hudson world of art

CHAPTER ONE Beginnings in Diversity

CHAPTER TWO nd Islam in the Formation of

CHAPTER THREE

The Europeanization of Spanish Art

CHAPTER FOUR

Renaissance Adaptations in Sixteenth- Century Spanish Art

CHAPTER FIVE

Style and the Golden Age of

CHAPTER SIX

Revolution and Tradition in Bourbon Spain

CHAPTER SEVEN

The Revolutionary Twentieth Century Mirrored in Spanish Art

Select Bibliography

List of Illustrations

148 Jose Gutlkrrez Solana, A Visit to the Bishop, 1926. Oil on canvas, 161 X

211 (63% X 8j%).Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Relna Sofia, Madrid. 0 DACS 1999. 149 Antoni Gaudi, Church of the Sagrada Famllia,Barcelona, begun I 883. Photo AKG London. 150 Isidro Nonell, Repose, 1904.011 on canvas, 120 X 120 (47% X 47%). Museu $Art Modern,Barcelona. Photo MNAC Photographic Services (Calveras, Merida, Sagristi). 151 Pablo Plcasso, The Tragedy, 1903. Oil on wood, 105.4 X 69 (41% X 37%). Natlonal Gallery ofArt, Washington D.C. Chester Dale Collection. O Successlon Picasso/DACS 1999. 152 Pablo Plcasso, Portrait of Gertrude Stein, 1905-6.011 on canvas, 100 X 81.3 (39% X 3z).The Metropolitan Museum ofArt, NewYork.Bequest of Gertrude Stein, 1946.0 Success~on Plcasso/DACS 1999. 153 Pablo Picasso, Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, 1907.011 on canvas, 243.9 X 233.7 (96 X gz).The Museum of Modern Art, NewYork.Acqu~red through the Lllle p Blis, Bequest. Photograph 8 1998The Museum of Modern Art, NewYork. O Succession Picasso/DACS 1999. 154 Pablo Plcasso, Still L@ with Chair- Caning, 1912. Collage of 011,011 cloth and pastel on paper edged wlth rope, 29 X 37 (11% X ~4%). Musee Plcasso, Paris. O Successlon Picasso/DACS 1999.

Index

Nun~bers in italic refer to illustratlous

Aachen: Palatine Chapel 42,44 Abstract Expresslonlsm 218 Actlon Painung 222 Ades, Dawn 21 j al-Andalus 38,39,40, 46,47.63,65,66,

86,140 Alava, Juan de 81,57 Alba, Duchess of 184 Alberti, Romano 150 alcabala tax 90, 140 Alcintara 23, rro Alciat1,Andrea 155 Alenza, Leonardo 190; ;Los Romdnticos!

190,141 Alfonso II,King ofAsturias 35,40,44 Alfonso, King ofArag6n 94

155 Juan Grls, Violin, 1916. Oil on wood,11~.5 X73.6 (45% X29). Offentliche Kunstsammlung,Basel. 156 Juho Gonzilez, Woman Combing her Hair, c. 1933-6. Iron. Moderna Museet, Stockholm. Q AGDAP, Paris and DACS, London 1999. 157 Pablo Plcasso, Guernica, r937. Oil on canvas, 349 X 776 (137% X 305%). Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Relna Sofia, Madrld. O Succession P~casso/DAcS 1999. 158 Pablo Picasso, Study after W l h q n e z 'Las Meninas', 1957. Oil on canvas, 161 X 129 (63% X 50%). Mnseu Plcasso, Barcelona. 8 Successlon Picasso/DACS 1999. 159 Salvador Dali, The Metamorphosis of Narcissus, 1937. Oil on canvas, 51.1 X

78.1 (20% x jo%).Tate Gallery, London. O Salvador Dal-Fundacion Gala-Salvador Dali/DACS 1999. 160 Joan M ~ r b , Garderr with Donkey, rgr8.Oilon canvas,65 X 71.5 (25% X

27%). Moderna Museet, Stockholm. O AGDAP,Paris and DACS, London 1999. 161 Joan Mirb, Canvas, 1953. Oil on canvas, 195 X 378 (76% X 148%) Solomon Guggenheim Museum, New York. O AGDAP, Paris and DACS, London 1999. 162 Jose Caballero, Falangist Soldier with the Angel o f Victory. Illustration from Laureados de EspaAa, 1939. Blbhoteca de Catalunya, Barcelona. Q IlACS 1999. 163 AntoniTipies, Black F o m on Grey Square, 1960.Mlxed media on canvas,

AlfonsoV, K n g ofArag6u 70 AlfonsoVI, King of Lebn 57 Alfonso X the Learned, King of

Castile and Lebn 60 Alhambra Palace see Granada Allcante I 4.22 Allseda 13 Almedina, FernandoYdfiez de la 94-5;

St Catherine 66 Almeria I I Altamira: cave paintings 9 , 1 o - I I , ~ Altdorfer,Albrecht 83 Analytical Cubism 208,209,210 Anatolians I 8 Andalusia 11,14,21,28,133 anti-informalismo 225 'antl-Mannerlsm' 119,122 Aragbn 50,68,70,83

- -- Pans and DACS, London 1999. 164 Antonlo Saura, Imagcnary Port,& of Goya N o II, 1967 011 on canva, 159 X I95 (62% X 76%) Courtesy Galerle Stadler, Parls Photo Au$usax. Dumage O AGDAP, Pans and DAC$ ! London 1999 165 Manuel Millares, SarcophaBw~ fW Philip II, 1963.Plastic palnt on sackcloth, I30 X 194 (51% X 76%). Coleccion de Arte Abstract0 Espafioj, Fundaclo Juan March, Cuenca. O DACS 1999. 166 Antonio Lbpez, Taza de Watery Ventana, 196871. Oil and paper on board, 143 X 93.5 (56Z X 36Y+)). Courtesy Galeria Marlborough, Madr~d. O DACS 1999. 167 Juan Genovks, El Foco, 1966. 011 on canvas, IOO X IOO (39% X 39%). Staatsgalerie, Stuttgart. 0 DACS 1999. 168 Equipo Crbmca, 'El Perro' Posicio'n, Autoretrato en Palacio, 1970. Acrylic on canvas, 200 X 140 (78Y8 X 55). Museo de la Asguerada, Alicante. 169 Luls Gordillo, Adam Y Eva A, 1973.AcryLc on canvas, 152 X 190 (59% X 74%). Courtesy of the artist. 0 DACS 1999. 170 M~quel Barcelb, Big Spanirh Dinner, 1985.Mlxed media on canvas 200 X 300 (78% X 118%).Museo Nac~onal Centro deArte Reina Sofia, Madr~d. O AGDAP, Paris and DACS, London 1999.

Aranjuez 43 Arfe,Juan de 142 Arianism 28 Art Deco 219 Arte Nuevo group 206,209 Assi91 138 Asturlas 10,29,40,49 Augustine, St 32,106 ~ v i l a 15; Dominican Monastery of

Santo Tomis 9 I

Bande: church of Santa Comba 34,17 Barbaro,Danlele 150 Barcelb,M1quel228, 230; Big Spanish

Dinner 170 Barcelona 53,55,60,67,70, 171,

196,200,201,204, ~11,216,221; Hospital de Sant Pau 21 I ;

Barcelona, cont. Monastery of l'edralbes 69,47; Palau de la Muslca Catalana 21 I;

Sagrada Famiha zoo; Sant Cugat del Vallis 83-4; Santa Maria del Mar 66,46;'School of Barcelona'220

Baroja, Pi0 198 Baroque style 119,124,126,130,134,

136,138,140,147,163,169 Bassa, Ferrer 69; The Adoration 47 Baudelaire, Charles 180 Bautista deToledo, Juan 104 Bayeu, Francisco 177; Olympus: The

Battle $the Guds with the Giants (sketch) 177,128

Beato Morgan 47 Beatus de Liibana,Ahhot: Commentary

on the Apocalypse 32,16,23,25 Becerra, Gaspar 122; Danae 89 Beethoven, Ludwig van 185 Bell-lloc del Pla 25,11 Benlliure, Mariano 189,219 Berengner I, Ramhn, Count of

Barcelona 49 '

Berger, John 209 Berlanga hermitage 49,26,27 Bermejo,Bartolom& 74,82,83,91;

Pietd 82,56; St Domingo de Silos 82, 51

Bernml, Gianlorenzo 172 Berruguete,Alonso 96,100-1, 102,

116,131; SanFce oflsaac 101,72; Salome 100,71

Berruguete,Pedro: Auto defe 91,61; Federico da Montefeltro, Duke of Urbino, and his son Guidohaldo 91,62; King Solomon 91~63

Beruete,Aureliano de 198 Bicorp 12 Bllbao 196,231 Bockhn,Arnold 21 5 bodegdn 140,142,209,212 see also

still life Boethius 142 Borghini, RafTaele 150 Borgoiia,Juan de 91,93; Embrace Before

the Golden Gate 93,64 Bourbon, House of 170,175-98 Bouts, Dleric 82 Brahant 83 Bramante, Donato 88 Brancusl, Constanun 22 Braque, Georges 205 Breda 154,159 Breton,Andr& 215,217,221 Bronz~no,Agnolo 102 Bru,Ayne 83-4; The Martyrdom $St

Cucufat 83,58 Buen Retiro Palace see Madrld Bufiuel, Luis 216 Burgos: Carthusian Monastery of

Miraflores 79.54 Burgundy, House of 103 Byzantine style 32,55,108,112

Caballero, Joci 219; Falanfist Soldier with the Anyel of Victory 162

Cidiz 14,28 Calvo Serraller, Francisco 229,230 Campafia, Pedro de (Pleter

Kempeneer) I 19; Deposition I I 9, 87 Campeny y Estrany, Damiin I 89 Cano,Alonso 138 Canogar, Rafael222 C a n t i p de Santa Marin de Alfon~o X, el

Sabio 60,35 Caravagglo 99 Carcassonne 50 Carducho,V~cente 154 CarListWars 191 Carlos, Fre~ roz Carolingians 49 Carplo, Marquls del 158 Carrera de Chrdoba, Luis 104 Cartagena (Nova Cartago) 14,28 Carthagintans rq Casas, Ramhn 198 Castlglione, Count Baldassare 102-3 Casule 32,68,74,83; Castlhan School

73 Catalonia 9,14,50,53,55,66,68,211,

217 Cavallml, Pietro 70 Cein Bermfidez,JuanAuguctin 163,

170 Cela, Cam110 Jose 198 ceramics I 8,7 Ceroni, Juan Antonio 57 Cerro de 10s Santos 19 Cerro del Santuario 21 Cizanne, Paul 205.217 Charlemagne 40,42, 44 Charles 1,Klng ofEngland 161 Charles 11, Klng of Spaln 170 Charles 111, King of Spain S 80 CharlesV, King of Spain and Holy

Roman Emperor 86-7,107 Chindawlnthus, King 29 Churriguera,Josi Benito 171-2; retablo

major, San Estehan, Salamanca 171, 124; see also Xoriguera

Churrlgueresque architectural decoration 24,170-1,200

Cirlot, Juan Eduardo 221 Cisneros, Cardinal go, 93 Civ~lWar, Span~sh 186,219,220 Codex Vkilano 29,13 Coello,Alonso Sinchez: Princess Isabel

Clara Eugenia 104,74 Coello, Claudio: Holy Sacrament of

Charles I1 (La Sagradaforma) 169-70,123; The Stoning of St Stephen 172

Columbus, Chrlstopher 86,191 Conctantlne, Emperor 27 Contestanla 22 Chrdoba 36,46; Great Mosque 38,46,

88,18,19 Cornwali 13

Co,tumbr~smo 195,198 Counter-Reformation I 16, rrg-24,

rz6,130,165,166 Courbet, Gustave 208 Covadonga 29 Covarrublas y Lelva,Antonio de I L A

Crete 108 CroJs vfthe Angels 44-5.22 Cruz, Dlego de la: High altar of the

Carthuslan Monastery of Mlraflores, Burgos 79,54

Cubism 208, 209, 21 I Cueva da Arafia: 'The Fate of a Bee-

Rohhlng Honey-Gatherer I I , z Cuevas de Sorla: Roman floor mosalc

26,12 Cuixart, Modest 221

Dada I I Dali, Salvador 197,214-17,219,228;

The Great Masturbator216; The Metamorphos~s $Narcissus 216,159

Dalmau, Luls 70-1; The Madonna of Councillors 70,48

Dashorst,Antonms Mor van (Antonlo Moro) 103; Queen Mary Tudor 103-4,75

Dau a1 Set group 220-1 Delacroix, Eugene 213 Democritus 146 DespM, Canon Lluis 82-3 DomPnech i Montaner, Lluis 21 I , 216 lluccso di Buoninsegna 70 Duchamp, Marcel 201 Duero, Rlver 46 Diirer,Albrecht 150 Ilurro: hermitage church of Santa

Julita36; The L f e and Martyrdom of StJulia and her son Quiricns 60,36

Dyck,AnthonyVan 164

Eglca, Klng 29,3 I 1898, Generation of 197,200 El Caramholo 13 ElEscorial~~,81,y7,104,106-7,121,

122, I29,I3O, 131,142,162,170, 172,198,204,219~76.77

El Greco 100,107-19. 124,132,136, 197,204.z24,2~8; Adoration ofthe Shepherds I 18.86; Agony m the Garden r 12,84; Burial ofthe Count o f O g a z IIC-rz, 82; Holy Trinity 112,83; Laocoon 115,85; Martyrdom ofSt Maurice and the Theban Legion 1o8,80; Repentance oJSt Peter I I 8; St Andrew and St Francis 122.91; View of Toledo 109,110,81

el modernisme 220 El Mudo see Navarrete E1 Pardo, Capuchln Convcnt ier

Madrid El Paso group 222,224,225 Elvas 102 Emporion zz

Ende 47-8; The Woman on the Seven- Headed Beast 48,25

Equipo Cromca 227; 'El Perro' Posrcibn, Autoretrato en Palacio I 68

Er111 IaVall 60; Deposrtion 60,38 Ernst, Max 221 Esquivel,Anton~o: A Readin2 by the

PuetJosl Zorrilla 191,143 estilo vaporoso 139 estofado sculpture 134-5 Etruscans r 8 Expressionism I 86, zoo, 212 Extremadura 74,102,136 Eyck,Jan van 70,82

Falangist Span 215,218-.-, Fauvism 205 Feito, Luls 222 Ferdlnand, King 83,86, 191 Fernindez, Gregorio 134; Dead Christ

134~99 Fernando I, King of Lehn 57,34 Flgueiredo. Cr~stovio de 102 Florentino, Rosso 99 Flemish art 70-1,73 Formny, Marlano I y 5; The Vrcarage

195.145 Fragonard, Jean-Honort 177 Francastel, Pierre 126 Franco, Gcnemlisimo Francisco 190,

1 y 7 , 2 1 8 - ~ 0 , ~ 2 ~ , ~ ~ 8 Freud, S~gmund 21 5 Fuendetodos 180

Gadir I 4 Gahcia 13 Gallego, Fernando 73-4; Pietd 73.50 GiUego,Juliin 140 Garcia, Jose I 94 Garcia Sevilla, Ferrin 230 Gargallo,Pablo 21o,211,230 Gasset, Just. Ortega y I I 8 Gaudi,Antonl r71,198,2oe1, 216;

Sagrada Familra, Barcelorra 200,149 Gehry, Frank 23 I Genov&s,Juan 225;El Foco 167 Gerona 25,47 Ghlrlanda~o, Domen~co 91 G~braltar 2 8 Gllio, Giovanni Andrea I 16 Glm6ne.z Caballero, E. 219 Glorglone 83 Glutto 70 Glsbert,Antonio: Execution by Firrng

Squad of General Torrijos and his Companions 192,144

Glenmnning, Nigel 186 Godoy, Manuel I 84 Gogh,Vlncent van 213,217 Gon~alves, Nuno ~ o z Gonzilez,Julio 210,211; Womatt

Combing her Hair I 56 Gonzilez Rubles, Luis 224 Gonzilez SepGlveda, Pedro I 84

Gordio, Luls 229; Adam Y Eva A I 69 Gothic art 32,66,70,89,102,204 Goya y Lucientes, Francaco de I 15,

I44,164,170,I77,178,179-86,189, I93.195.198,204,213,~24,228; A Duel to the Death with Clubs 185, 139; Clothed Maja 185,134; Colossus 185,138; Disasters ofwar 185,137; Los Caprichor 18e1,131; Naked Maja I 84-5.133; Saturn Devouring his Children 185,140; The Family of Charles IV 184,132; The Parasol 130; The Second of Max 1808 (Uprising) 185,135; The Sleep $Reason Produce5 Monxters 180,131; The Third ofMax 1808 (Executions) 84, 185, 193,136; The Wounded Mason 181; M/lzat More Can be Done? 137; Winter 181

Graciin, Baltasar 141,153 Granada 66,86;Alhambra Palace 65-6,

87,43,44; Palace of CharlesV 87,88, 104, j9;Tomb ofphilip the Fair and Joanna the Mad, Capilla Real 67

Gregory the Great, St 56 Grls,Juan 197, 1y8,209,z1o; Violin I jg Guadalquivlr 13 GuarrazarTreasure 46 Guevara, Felipe de go Guisando, Bulls of I 5 , ~ Gut~Crrez Solana,Jost. 198;A Visit to

the Bishop 148 Guzmin, Don Gaspar de 151

Habsbnrg empire 50,121,126,150, 169,222

Halevi, Samuel 65 Herculaneum 41 Herrera the Elder, Francisco 133-4,

150; St Bonaventura Received into the Franciscan Order 13 3,96

Herrera,Juan de 106,107,142,209; El Escorial 2oq,76,77

Holanda, Francisco de 97,108 horscsl~oe arch ;4,17 Hosius 27.28 Houasse, MichelLAnge 175 Huelva 14 Hugh of StV~ctor 81 Huguet, Jaume 74; The Episcopal

Coronation ufSt Augustrne 52

Iberlan art 15, 17-19 idol plaques 13 Ignatlus of Loyola, St 210 Ildephonse, St I I U

Illlcl (Elche) 14,22 Inforlnallsm 222,229 Ingres, Jean-Auguste-Oormnlque 21; Inqlusition 84,86 lsabella I1 191,192 Isabella of Castile, the Cathohc 79,8;, 86 Isabella of Portugal 79 Isidore, St 3 5, 36,57 Idam 27-50; Islamic luxury goods 49

James,St 32 James, St,Apostle 50 Janson, H W 11 Jitlva 143 Joanna the Mad 83 John of the Cross, St 13 I Jovellanos, Gaspar Melchor de 170 Juan Carlos, Kmg of Spaln 228 Juan I1 79 Juanes,Juan de 97, The Last Supper 97,

69 Jun~, Juan de 96 Jusnn of Nassau I 54 Jusnman, Emperor 28 Juvarra, Fhppo 175, I77,La Granja 126

Kempeneer, Pleter see Campafia, Pedro de

Klee, Paul 221 Kubler, George 107,174

La Alcuha 14 La Corufia ZUI

La Granja see Segovla La Joya 13 Lady of Baza 21, X Lady oJElche 22 Lebn 29,46,49,66 68, Cathedral 45,

Palatme Church ofSan I91doro 56, 33.34, San M~guel de Escalada 46-7, 24

Leonardo daVlnc187,yq,g7,1oz Leonl, Pompeo 107, Monument of f:

CharlesV and h ~ s Fannly 78;Tomb of Ph111p I1 79

L&rlda I T , 23 h150 (LIUO) church of San Mlguel42 Lomazzo, Glovanm Paolo 154 Longh~, Roberto 99 Lopes, Gregorlo roz Lopee,Antomo 1y8,zzj, Taza de Water

y Ventana 166 Lorenzett~,Ambrog.lo and Pletro 70 Los Mlllares 13 Luls de Granada, Friar 141 Lusltanla 23

Machado,Anton~o 198 Machuca, Pedro 87,99,13 I , Deposrhon

99,70 Palace of CharlesV, Alhambra, Granada 87-8,59

Maderuelo Hermitage of the Holy Cross 56, The Creatron $Adam, and the Ongrnal Szn 32

Madrazo, Pedro de I93 Madr~d 151,159.16~,171.180,185,

1y3,198,~~6,20g,a1g,zz2,m4, 225,Buen Retlro Palace 154,El Pardo, Capuchm Convent 134, Palaclo Real 177,Pardo Palace 89, Real Academa de Bellas Artes de San Fernando 175,Torre de la Parada I 59

'Madnd Reahsm' 198,225

Mag~uc jz,34,46-7; Angels Presenting the Gospel ufStJohn 16; The Heavenly Jerusalem 23

Milaga 201 Mallory, Nina Ayala I I 8 Manet,Edouard 168,213 Malne r~sm g1,97,99, IOC-1,102, 108,

119,204 Manresa: church of Santa Maria 70 manuscript illumination 35 Marca H~span~ca 49 Maria Cnstma, Queen 192 Martinez, Jusepe 144 Manp,Vlcente: Martyrdom oJSt Agnes

9 7 ~ 6 8 Masson,Andr& 217 Master Mateo 51,81,107 Mat~sse ,Henr~ 213 Meisson~er, J ean-Lou i s -Em 21 5 Melindez,Luis 178; Still Lifr l i t h

Melon and Pears 129 Mena,Pedro de: St Francrs 138,101 Mtnard,Abbot 13 I Mendoza, Francisc; de 194 Mendoza, Pedro de Salazar de I 10 Mentndez Pldal,Ram6n 197,198 Mengs,Anton Raphael 175 M h d a 23,24,36,172,230; Roman

theatre 10 Meseta 14 Mesolith~c phase 12 Michelangelo Buonarroti 93, loo, 104,

108,154 Mihzia, Francesco 126 Mlllares, Manuelz25,228; Sarcophagus

for Philip I1 222,165 Millet,Jean 215 Minoans 18 Mlr, Joaquim 198 M~railores, Carthuslan Monastery

see Burgos M1r6,Joan 197,216-18,221,230;

Canvas 161; Garden with Donkey 217,160

Molinos, Miguel de 136,168 Moneo, Rafael 230 MontafiPs, Juan Martinez 134; Cristo de

la Clemencia 134,97 Montefeltro, Feder~co da 91,62 Morales, Luis de 102; Pietd 102,73 ntoregothrco 36,40,41,48 Moro,Anton~o see Dashorct,Antonius

Mor van mosaics 25-6, 12 Mozarab~c style 46,49 Muddjar art 26,40,64,65,66,74,91,93,

96 MuhammadV, Klng of Granada 66 Murcia 22 MuriUo,Bartolomt Esteban 120, 133,

139,163-8; Aranjuez Immaculata 166,120; Beggar Boys Throwing Dice 121; Grrl and her DueAa 1zz;Holy Family with a Bird 164,119

Naples 94,143 Napoleon Bonaparte 185 Navarre 49 Navarrete, Juan Fernindez de ('Er

Mudo') 108, 12-2, 124, 130; Martyrdom ofStJames 122, BR; StJa~nei and St Andreru 122, 90

NebriJa,Anton~o de 86 neo-figurat~on 229 'neo-Iberlan'style 23 neo-medievalism 200 neo-Muddjarismo 200,209 Neoclasslclsm 212

Neohth~c era 12 NicholasV, Popc 138 Nonell, lsidro 204;Rcpose 150 Numantia 23 Nufiez de Madrid,Andrts I 12

Onis, Feder~co de 227 upusfrancigenum 40 opu~ modernurn 40 Ord6iiez. Bartolomt 96; St Andrew

67 Ordofio 11, Kmg 46 Ortega y Gasset,JosP I 18,215 Ocona, Rodrigo de 94 Osuna 22,25,9 Ottoman E m p ~ r c 57 Ovid 158 Ovledo 35; San J u l ~ i n de 10s Prados

(Santullano) 40, zo; Santa Maria de Naranco 43,44,21

Pacheco, Francisco 8, I 18,129-30,13 I , 138,150,166; Immaculate Conception wrth Miguel Ctd 130,gz

Padua,Arena Chapel 69 l 'alom~no,Anton~o 127, 133,138,150,

161,162,172,175 Paolo da San Leocadlo, Madonrra of the

Knight of Montesa 94,65 Paret y Alchzar, Luis 177; Charles III

Dining Before his Court 177.127 Parls 215; School o fPar~s 212 Patinir, Joachim 83 Pax Borbonica 178 Pax Romana 23,26 Peace ofUtrecht 175 Pedralbes, Monastery see Barcelona Pedro I of C a d e 64 Pedro, Don 66 Pelayo 29 Pelham, Henry I 85 Ptrez de Moya,Juan 157,158,161 PtrezVlllalta, Gu~llermo 230 'petroglyphic' style I I PhiLip I1,Kmg of Span 86,97,102, - .

106,107, T22, I42 Phll~p IV,Klng of Spain 126,143,151,

Picasso, Pablo 22-3,197,198,201+, 210,211,2I2,215,217,224,228;

Guernica 60,213,228,157; Guitar 211;Headofa Womanz11;Les Demoiselles d'Avignon 22, 205,153; Portrait of Gevtrude Stein 22, 205,152; Strll Lfe with Chair-Caning 208,154; Study @er VEldzquer 'La, Mminas' 158; The Tlagedy I ji

Plateresque style 51,81, 89 Pliny 43,159,184 Pompeil 41 Pans, Joan 221 Pontormo,Jacopo da ror Ponz,Antomo ~ 7 0 , 1 7 2 Pop art 225,227, 229-30 Pope, Alexander I 80 l'oorcuna I 8; Herodn 6 Porta, Glovann~ Battista della I 50 portraiture I 54-6 Portugal 102,150 Possev~no,Anton~o I I 8 poetmodernism 225,227 Pouss~n, N~colac 213 Pozo Moro 17,4;'Lords of the Dead' 5 '

Prax~teles 184 Provence 50 Punic Ware 14 Pyrenees 9,50,55,175

Qumtan~lla de lasvifias: hermitage church of Santa Maria 29-30.14

Ra imond~ , Marcanton~o 97 Ramirez, Juan Antonio 23 I Ramiro, King 29,42 Raphael 91,97 Rases 50 Ravenna 27 RPal~sme 208 Recared, K ~ n g 28 Reccevmthus, King 29 Reconquest 44,46,86 R a m s 66 Renarxen~a, Catalan 201,21 I retables 74-82,11z,171,222,124 Revere, Paul I 85 Rhine, R ~ v e r 40 R~badeneyra, Pedro de 13 I Ribalta, Francisco 122,130-1; Christ

Embracing St Bernard 130.93; Vision (fSt Francis r30,94

Rlbera,JosC de 122,143-7.156; Archrmedes 146,106; Boy with a Club Foot 146,108;Martyrdom of St Philip 143,107;St Andrew 105

Ribera,Jusepe de 206 R ~ p a , Cesare 161 R~pol l : monactery of Santa Maria 53,

30 rock-art t r a d ~ t ~ o n 11 Rococo style 163,176,177 Roelas,Juan de las 133; Martyrdom of St

Andrew 95

Roldin, Pedro de, workshop: Virgm de la Macarena 134,98

Roman Spain 23-6,38 Romanesque art 32,34,49,50-84,204 'Komanlz~ng' style 89 Romanos, Rambn de Mesonero 1 95 Romanticmsm 126,136,186,190,194,224 R o m e 70,88,108, 143 Rosales, Eduardo: Isahella the Catholki

h t Will and Testament 1y1,142 Kousseau, Henrl 'Le Douanier'217 Rousseau,Jean-Jacques I 81 Rubens,Peter Paul 151,154,164 Rumz Blasco, Jose 203 Rusifiol, Santiago 198

Sacchetu, Giovannm Uattista 177; Garden f a ~ a d e of La Granja 126

Sienz deTejada, Carlos 219 Sagrada Farnllia see Barcelona Sagredo, Dmego de 89; Medidu, del

Romano 60 Salamanca 171; Convent of San

Esteban 81,171,57,124 Salzillo, Franc~sco 61; Agony in the

Garden 39 Sinchez Cotin,Juan 141-2,178; Still

L$e I 04 Sbnchez,Alfonso Perez 140 Sancho, Kmng 29 Sant~ago de Compostela 60,81;

Cathedral 50,28,29 Saura,Antonio 222,224,228,231;

Imaginary Portrait ?fGoya I1 164 Sautuola,Marcelino de g Savoldo, Giovanni Girolamo I 19 Schongauer, M a r t ~ n 74 Segovia 23,176; La Granja 43, ~76 ,126 Sen~or, scrmbe 48 Serlio, Sebasuano 176 Serra, Pedro 7o;Altarpiece Nfthe Holy

Spirit 49 Setefilia 13 Seville 14,22, 36,46,134,136,140,150,

~ 6 8 ; Alcizar 64,4o; church of the Carmelites 151; Convent of the Merced Calzada 136; G~raldaTower 65; San G11 134; Sev~lllan School 119

Si@enza,Jos& de 104,106,107,1zz, 129 Sdo6,Diego de 96 Smloi, Gil de 79-80; double-tomb of

Juan I1 and Isabella ofPortugal 79, 55; hmgh altar of Carthusian Monastery, Miraflores 54

Social Realism 219 Soderberg, L. 224 Solano, Susana 230 Solbes, Rafael227 Sorolla y Bast~da,Joaquin 1954,228;

Children on the Beach 146 Spanish-American War I 97

Spinola,Ambros~o de T 54 Stcmnherg, Leo r gr stelae 34 Stesichorus 13 stlll life 14-2 see also budegdn Stone Age art I I Sufiol, Jerbnlmo I 89 Super Realism 225 Surrealism 1 8 6 , ~ 1 ~ , ~ 1 5 , ~ 1 8 , z z o Sweeney,J. J. 23 Symbolism 22 Syrians 28

Tibara 46,47; monastery 32 T a p s , Rmver I mo Tahull: San Clemcnte 55; Christ m

Majesty with the Symbols of the Four Evanfelists, Angels and Saints 31

Tahull Master 56 ta$as 49 taille directe technique 22 Tipies,Antoni 221-2,230; Black Form

on Grey Square 221,163 Tarik 28 Tarragona 22,36 Tartessos 13-14, 21

tenebram,gg, 198 Teresa ofAv~la,St 71,102,132 Teruel65;Torre de San Martin 42 Tharrats,Joan-Josep 221 Theodosius, Emperor 27 Thomas Aquinas, St 13 r Tiepolo, Gmovanni Battista 175,

177 Tmntoretto,Jacopo 102,108 Tioda 40 Tman 97,102,108, 110, 121, 154-5,

r 1o;Agaliense Monastery I 10; Cathedral 78,93,138,172,174,53, 125; SanJuan de 10s Reyes 89; Santo I l o m ~ n g o cl Anhguo I 12, r r8 ; SantoTome 112; Synagogue delTrins~to 41

Toledo,Juan Ua"tista de 104 Tom&, Narciso 172.174, zoo; Last

Supper 174; Traniparente 125; Virgin and Child 174

Tortosa 53 Toulouse 51 Toussamt, Laurence 225 Treaty of Cazorla 50 Tremendismo r 98,204 Trent, C o u n c ~ l of I 19 Turdetania 21 Tyconlus 32 Tyrc 13

Unamuno, M~gue l de 197 Urraca, Queen 57 Urso 22

Valdts, Manuelz27 Valencia 15,22,70,94,97,143,227;

San Esteban 97;Valenclan School 120, I30

Valerlus Maximus I 5 y Valladol~d 89; San Gregorio 89 'Valley o f the Fallen' 219 Vallmitjana y BarbaqAgap~to 189 Vanitas motifs 213 Van Loo, Louis-Michel 175 Vargas, Luis de 120 Vasari, G~orglo 90,94, 100, 127,156 Vasco, Grio I oz Velizquez, Diego Rodr~guez de Silva

8,115,120,126,138,144,147-63. 170,175,183,184,198,204,213, 224,227, 158; Eque~trian Portrait of the Count-Duke of Olivares 154,114; Feast ofBacchus (Los Borrachos) 156, 115; Lax Meninas 161-3,118;Mars 159,117; Philip IVin Brown and Silver I 1 I ; StJohn the Evangelist on the Island of Patmos I 5 I , 1 I o; The Court Fool Calabaclllas 156,113; The Surrender of Breda (Las Lanras) I 54,112; Toilet of Venus, the 'Rokeby Venus' 158, I 84,116; Waterseller of Seville T ~ O , 109

Velle~us 13 Ven~ce 108 Vermeer,Jan 163,213,215 Verona zy Vesalius,Andrea 150 Vmguola, Jacopo Barozzi da 150 Villalba, Dario 230 Villena r j V~sigoths 27-30,34,35, 109 Vmtruvius 23,41,87,106,142,150

'War of Independence' I 85 War of the Span~sh Success~on 175 Weyden, R o g ~ e r van der 82 wooden sculpture 60

Xoriguera, Josep de 171; see also Churr~guera

Zamora: church of San Pedro de la Nave 30,34,15

Zaragoza 180 Zervos, Christian 205 Zorrilla, Jost 19 I Zuccaro, Feder~co I 50 Zuloaga, Ignac~o 196-7,219; El Crtsto

de la Sanfre 196,147 Zurbarin, Francmsco de 133,13640,

143,147,178,204,228;Apparition of the Cnrc$ed St Peter to St Peter .Volasco 136, loo; St Francis m his TDmb 138,102; Still Life with Lemons, Oranges and a Rose 140.103

zurbaranismo 209