the importance of macromolecular materials

THE IMPORTANCE OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIALSEloisa Biasotto Mano

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Dr. ELOISA BIASOTTO MANOEMERITUS PROFESSOR

Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroINSTITUTO DE MACROMOLÉCULAS PROFESSORA ELOISA MANOPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Polímeros

THE IMPORTANCE OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIALS

Memorial Lecture “Joaquim Costa Ribeiro”Rio de Janeiro – September to October, 2015


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WHAT IS MATTER?

http://science.nationalgeographic.com/science/space/dark-matter/

Everything occupies some space, and have mass at rest.


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WHAT IS MATERIAL?

It is matter that composes a body.

http://www.marthafleming.net/materials-library/


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WHAT IS ENGINEERING MATERIAL?

http://eng-cs.syr.edu/research/structural-engineering-and-mechanics

It is a basic material applied in the construction of buildings, bridges, ships, aircrafts, equipments, and so on.


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CLASSIFICATION OF THE MATERIALSApplication field Specificity Representative

materialBasic chemical

constituentEngineering Building industry wood

concretemetalceramicsglassmarble

polymer (cellulose)metallic oxides, ironiron, copper, aluminummetallic oxidescalcium carbonate

Industrial machinery metalplastic

ironpolymers

High performance parts metalceramicsplastic

iron , nickel, chrome metallic oxidespolymers

Furniture woodplastic

polymer (cellulose)polymers

Biomedicine Orthopedics metal ceramicsplastic

Iron, titanium, platinum, nickelmetallic oxidespolymers

Dentistry plasticmetal

polymersgold, silver, mercury

Packing Medicine glassplasticmetal

metallic oxidespolymersaluminum

Food paperglassplasticmetal

polymer (cellulose)metallic oxidespolymeraluminum


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CLASSIFICATION OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS

WHAT IS WOOD?

It is a natural composite of great complexity, where the reinforcing

component is cellulose fiber and the bind component is lignin.

WHAT ARE CERAMICS?

They are porous materials prepared from mixing clays and some oxides after

heating at high temperatures.

http://www.resodynmixers.com/

http://thumbs.dreamstime.com/t/piece-firewood-beech-wood-shadow-over-white-background-40065843.jpg


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WHAT IS GLASS?

Glass is a super cooling liquid made of molten silicon, sodium and calcium oxides. It resembles

an amorphous solid at room temperature.

WHAT ARE METALS?

Metals reflect light, are opaque, bright and heavy, have high modulus, thermal resistance, and

electrical conductivity.

CLASSIFICATION OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS

http://eng-cs.syr.edu/research/structural-engineering-and-mechanics

http://dev-fox.virtechsystems.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/laminatedglass.jpg


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Polymers are chemical natural or synthetic materials, characterized by size, chemical structure and intra and intermolecular interactions. They are giant molecules - macromolecules - with covalently bonded repeated chemical units.

Polymers are the main materials of rubber and plastic artifacts, fibers adhesives and paints.

http://www.mpip-mainz.mpg.de/43534/Poly_Syn

WHAT ARE POLYMERS?


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EFFECT OF MOLECULAR WEIGHT

The main characteristics of a polymer depend on the molecular size:

Short molecules: molecular weight < 1000 (micromolecules)

Long molecules: molecular weight > 1000 (macromolecules)

http://www.scienceknowledge.org/2010/02/19/a-catalyst-for-oxidation-of-alkanes

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/Hexokinase_ball_and_stick_model,_with_substrates_to_scale_c

opy.png


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EFFECT OF CHEMICAL STRUCTURE The polymer chemical structure is related to chemical composition, constitution and configuration of the molecule.

- Flexibility or rigidity of polymer chain;

- Existence or not of crosslinking, or potential crosslinking sites;

- Availability or not of feasible groups for interactions.


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EFFECT OF SIZE, STRUCTURE AND CHEMICAL INTERACTION

The size, structure and interactions determine polymer physical properties:

- High modulus is achieved with increasing molecular weight, crystallinity and aromatic structure;

- Transparency or opacity change with crystallinity.


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EFFECT OF SIZE, STRUCTURE AND CHEMICAL INTERACTION

http://pubs.acs.org/cen/coverstory/8005/8005olympics.html

Kevlar


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SUGESTÕES DE TRABALHOS FUTUROS

Usar bagaço de cana como substituto da COFD, no intuito de aprimorar a resistência à compressão do HDPE-R;

Realizar um estudo sobre compósitos com COFD visando utilizar suas propriedades específicas de absorção de odores para uso na construção civil;

Investigar a possibilidade de reciclagem – transformação - de outros polímeros reciclados em materiais de construção.

CONTACTProfessor Eloisa B. Mano

[email protected] – +55 21 3938-7222

Rio de Janeiro – September to October, 2015 .

the importance of macromolecular materials

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