The Importance of Drug The Importance of Drug and Alcohol Testing in the and Alcohol Testing in the

Roofing Industry Roofing Industry

SUBSTANCE ABUSE IN THE SUBSTANCE ABUSE IN THE WORKPLACE WORKPLACE

What problem costs the American What problem costs the American economy more than $100 billion every economy more than $100 billion every year? year?

What problem causes employers to incur a What problem causes employers to incur a 300 percent increase in medical costs and 300 percent increase in medical costs and benefits? benefits?

The answer is substance abuse in the The answer is substance abuse in the workplace workplace

SUBSTANCE ABUSE IN THE SUBSTANCE ABUSE IN THE WORKPLACEWORKPLACE

Research shows that substance abusers are: Research shows that substance abusers are:

5 times more likely to file a workers' 5 times more likely to file a workers' compensation claim. compensation claim.

2.5 times more likely to have lengthy absences 2.5 times more likely to have lengthy absences from work. from work.

3 times more likely to be late for work. 3 times more likely to be late for work.

Likely to use 2.5 times more medical benefits Likely to use 2.5 times more medical benefits

One-third less productive. One-third less productive.

SUBSTANCE ABUSE IN THE SUBSTANCE ABUSE IN THE WORKPLACEWORKPLACE

According to the Labor Department, five million According to the Labor Department, five million of the country's estimated nine million employed of the country's estimated nine million employed substance abusers work for small companies.substance abusers work for small companies.

The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) reports that 68 percent of all illegal drug users reports that 68 percent of all illegal drug users are employed either full- or part-time. are employed either full- or part-time.

Large companies are implementing programs to Large companies are implementing programs to achieve drug-free workplaces, small firms are achieve drug-free workplaces, small firms are not. not.

GENERAL DRUG ABUSE FACTSGENERAL DRUG ABUSE FACTS

The National Institute on Drug Abuse The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) estimates that one in every five (NIDA) estimates that one in every five employees ages 18-25 and one in every employees ages 18-25 and one in every eight employees ages 26-34 uses drugs eight employees ages 26-34 uses drugs on the job. on the job.

NIDA reports that 68 percent of all illegal NIDA reports that 68 percent of all illegal drug users are employed either full- or drug users are employed either full- or part-time. part-time.

GENERAL ALCOHOL FACTSGENERAL ALCOHOL FACTS

The most abused drug in the U.S.The most abused drug in the U.S.

Alcohol related car crashed are the #1 Alcohol related car crashed are the #1 killer of teens.killer of teens.

1 in 10 Americans report driving under the 1 in 10 Americans report driving under the influence.influence.

CDC reports there are 13 million CDC reports there are 13 million alcoholics in the U.S.; 4 million are under alcoholics in the U.S.; 4 million are under 18 years old.18 years old.

WORKPLACE SUBSTANCE WORKPLACE SUBSTANCE ABUSE FACTSABUSE FACTS

1 in 5 workers in the U.S. has a drug or alcohol problem1 in 5 workers in the U.S. has a drug or alcohol problem34%-50% of all workers comp claims are from or related 34%-50% of all workers comp claims are from or related to substance abuse.to substance abuse.54% of workers 35-44 years old killed in unintentional 54% of workers 35-44 years old killed in unintentional workplace incidents had positive presence of workplace incidents had positive presence of drugs/alcoholdrugs/alcoholUp to 40% of industrial fatalities and 47% of industrial Up to 40% of industrial fatalities and 47% of industrial injuries are linked to alcohol and alcoholisminjuries are linked to alcohol and alcoholismMore than 90% of alcoholics and 77% of drug addicts More than 90% of alcoholics and 77% of drug addicts are employedare employed

Marijuana (Cannabis)Marijuana (Cannabis)“Hallucinogen”“Hallucinogen”

General InformationGeneral Information““weed, pot, grass, reefer, Mary Jane”.weed, pot, grass, reefer, Mary Jane”.Contains 421 different chemicals.Contains 421 different chemicals.Stored in fat cells an active state up to 30 Stored in fat cells an active state up to 30 days.days.Red, dilated, glassy eyes has a distinctive Red, dilated, glassy eyes has a distinctive odor.odor.Distorted sense of time, speed; slow Distorted sense of time, speed; slow reactions.reactions.

Cocaine Cocaine “Stimulant”“Stimulant”

General InformationGeneral Information““Coke, dust, snow, flake, blow.”Coke, dust, snow, flake, blow.”White/creamy granular powder derived from the White/creamy granular powder derived from the coca plant.coca plant.Cocaine HCL – “snorting or injected” effects felt Cocaine HCL – “snorting or injected” effects felt within minutes but lasts 40-50 minuteswithin minutes but lasts 40-50 minutesCocaine base – “crack, rock, free base” effects Cocaine base – “crack, rock, free base” effects within 7 seconds; 90% pure.within 7 seconds; 90% pure.Increased motor activity, less coordination.Increased motor activity, less coordination.Increased heart, respiration rate.Increased heart, respiration rate.

AmphetaminesAmphetamines“Stimulant”“Stimulant”

General Information.General Information.““Speed”.Speed”.Pills or powder.Pills or powder.Methamphetamines “crank, crystal”Methamphetamines “crank, crystal”Creamy white or lumpy powder.Creamy white or lumpy powder.Oral, injected or snorted.Oral, injected or snorted.High psychological and physical dependency.High psychological and physical dependency.Impulsive and risk taking behaviors.Impulsive and risk taking behaviors.Weight loss.Weight loss.Inability to concentrate.Inability to concentrate.

OpiatesOpiates“Downers”“Downers”

General InformationGeneral Information

Narcotic that alleviates pain.Narcotic that alleviates pain.

Natural derivatives – morphine, opium, codeine, Natural derivatives – morphine, opium, codeine, heroin,heroin,

Synthetic derivatives – Demerol, Percodan, Synthetic derivatives – Demerol, Percodan, Percocet.Percocet.

Pills, smoked, injected.Pills, smoked, injected.

High tolerance; withdrawal can be deadly.High tolerance; withdrawal can be deadly.

Physical fatigue, drowsiness.Physical fatigue, drowsiness.

Phencyclidine (PCP)Phencyclidine (PCP)“Hallucinogen”“Hallucinogen”

General Information.General Information.

““Angel dust, rocket fuel”.Angel dust, rocket fuel”.

Can be smoked, inhaled, swallowed, injected.Can be smoked, inhaled, swallowed, injected.

““Dusting” –PCP mixed with marijuana, tobacco.Dusting” –PCP mixed with marijuana, tobacco.

Muscle rigidity, lack of coordination.Muscle rigidity, lack of coordination.

Dizziness, profuse sweating.Dizziness, profuse sweating.

Unpredictable aggressive, bizarre behaviors.Unpredictable aggressive, bizarre behaviors.

Immunity from harm.Immunity from harm.

AlcoholAlcohol

General Information.General Information.

At low levels, stimulant.At low levels, stimulant.

Overall, depressant –slows physical/mental Overall, depressant –slows physical/mental functioning.functioning.

Most commonly drug abused at work.Most commonly drug abused at work.

Not digested as food.Not digested as food.

Peak effects reach brain within 20 minutes.Peak effects reach brain within 20 minutes.

Kills brain cells and brain damage is permanent.Kills brain cells and brain damage is permanent.

AlcoholAlcohol

Physical EffectsPhysical Effects

Mouth/esophagus – irritant.Mouth/esophagus – irritant.

Stomach/intestines –ulcers, blocks.Stomach/intestines –ulcers, blocks.

Liver – inflames liver cells, cirrhosis, Liver – inflames liver cells, cirrhosis, jaundice.jaundice.

Heart – inflammation of heart, increased Heart – inflammation of heart, increased fat deposits.fat deposits.

AlcoholAlcohol

.02-.05 Relaxation/loosening of inhibitions.02-.05 Relaxation/loosening of inhibitions

.05-.10 Impaired vision, perception, judgment, .05-.10 Impaired vision, perception, judgment, concentration.concentration.

.10-.20 Impaired hearing, balance and .10-.20 Impaired hearing, balance and coordination.coordination.

.20-.30 Blackouts..20-.30 Blackouts.

.30-.40 Passing out..30-.40 Passing out.

.40-.50 Coma..40-.50 Coma.

.55+ Death..55+ Death.

Signs and Symptoms of Substance Signs and Symptoms of Substance AbuseAbuse

Abuse of alcohol and other drugs affects Abuse of alcohol and other drugs affects people.people.

Emotionally.Emotionally.

Behaviorally.Behaviorally.

Physically.Physically.

Emotional effects of substance Emotional effects of substance abuseabuse

Aggression. Aggression.

Burnout. Burnout.

Anxiety. Anxiety.

Depression. Depression.

Paranoia. Paranoia.

Denial. Denial.

Behavioral effects of substance abuseBehavioral effects of substance abuse

Slow reaction timeSlow reaction time Impaired coordinationImpaired coordination Slowed or slurred speechSlowed or slurred speech IrritabilityIrritability Excessive talkingExcessive talking Inability to sit stillInability to sit still Limited attention spanLimited attention span Poor motivation or lack of energyPoor motivation or lack of energy

Physical effects of substance abusePhysical effects of substance abuse

Weight loss.Weight loss.

Sweating.Sweating.

Chills.Chills.

Smell of alcohol.Smell of alcohol.

What can be done?What can be done?

CLEAR AND DEFINED DRUG/ALCOHOL-CLEAR AND DEFINED DRUG/ALCOHOL-FREE WORKPLACE POLICYFREE WORKPLACE POLICY

The Drug-Free Workplace Policy The Drug-Free Workplace Policy accomplishes two major things:accomplishes two major things:

Sends a clear message that alcohol and Sends a clear message that alcohol and drug use in the workplacedrug use in the workplace is prohibited is prohibited

Encourages employees who have. Encourages employees who have. problems with alcohol and other drugs to problems with alcohol and other drugs to voluntarily seek help.voluntarily seek help.

SUBSTANCE ABUSE SUBSTANCE ABUSE TESTINGTESTING

Pre-employment Pre-employment screening.screening.Post-accident Post-accident screening.screening.Random screening for Random screening for current drivers.current drivers.Pre-qualification Pre-qualification screening for new screening for new drivers.drivers.Pre-qualification for Pre-qualification for new supervisors.new supervisors.Return-to-duty.Return-to-duty.Reasonable cause.Reasonable cause.

ResponsibilitiesResponsibilities

Supervisor Awareness Training. Supervisor Awareness Training. Employee counseling.Employee counseling.Disciplinary Action.Disciplinary Action.Consistency.Consistency. Too many supervisors feel different there are Too many supervisors feel different there are

different punishments for different people.different punishments for different people. This is one of the greatest mistakes that can This is one of the greatest mistakes that can

be made as it enables the substance abuser be made as it enables the substance abuser to continue.to continue.