the importance of communications

8/8/2019 The Importance of Communications

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Introduction

Communication is an essential part of human interaction. The benefits of effective

communication are many and obvious as they enhance all aspects of our personal and

professional lives. Ineffective or misunderstood communications in our personal lives may give

rise to problems or embarrassment but in our professional lives the results of misunderstandingsmay have much more serious results. In the world of international shipping, with seafarers from

many countries sailing on ships trading to all parts of the world, effective communicationbetween those on board and between ship and shore is vitally important.

The importance of communications

Although used in a slightly different context, a phrase from some British propaganda during WII

Neatly sums up the dangers of ineffective communications: Careless talk costs lives. That may

be over-dramatic in most cases where communications between seafarers or between ship and

shore go awry but it does illustrate the importance of effective communications and the real

dangers if they go badly wrong. IMO analyses reports of casualties and accidents to see if there

are any lessons to be learned for the future. Many accidents are found to be due mainly to

operational issues of proper procedure, maintenance and design, rather than to proper

implementation of regulations but effectiveness of bridge resource management and particularly

ineffective relationships between masters, crew and pilot are recurrent themes. Communication

difficulties often occur in these areas due in part to cultural differences but also due to languagebarriers. Some examples from recent analyses illustrate the problems.

List Of Communication Skills

The ability to communicate effectively is a trick learnt by many, but practiced perfectly

by not too many. This is because for most communicating is simple process. However, it

is not so, it a rather simple-complex-networking system that has varied undercurrentsflowing between the speaker and listener/s.

Given here is an interesting list ofpublic speaking and communication skills that

one should be aware of in order to better their ability to convey their valuable

messages...

Taking responsibility for one's messages

Claiming ownership for one's messages

Preparing to listen

Encouraging the speaker to speak moreReflecting on what the speaker has to say

Adapting to difference of opinions

Being open mindedAcknowledging differences

Assessing without being judgmental

Accepting feedbackBeing assertive

Ability to share one's thoughts

Sharing one's feelings
http://www.publicspeaking.in/http://www.publicspeaking.in/


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The other barriers include:

An individual's subjective viewpoint towards issues/people, which leads to assumptions.

An emotional block, which can lead to an attitude of indifference, suspicion or hostility

towards the subject.An emotional block or bias that is based on a third party's view point or on what you have

read/heard.

Words can have different meanings to different people, thus blocking communication.Use of negative words

importance of audience and purpose in communication Audience is the person or people who will be reading your essay

o Even before you write one word in the planning stages, ask yourself:

What do my readers know about my topic?

What will they want to know about my topic?

What level of language is most appropriate for this particular audience?

Tone is howsomething is said in a piece of writing

o Once you have determined your audience, you must decide on the tone of

youressayo Your word choice can be divided into five levels:

1. very informallike you talk to your friends2. informallike you talk to your parent or guardian

3. formallike you talk to your teacher4. more formallike you talk to the principal or your boss

5. highly formallike you would talk to a college professor or the Presidento Generally, the tone of your essay should be a 3, 4 or 5

Purpose is your reason for writingo to entertain

o to persuade

o to analyze

o to describe

Directions:


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Communication

Communication is a process of transferring information from one entity to another.Communication processes are sign-mediated interactions between at least two agents

which share a repertoire of signs and semiotic rules. Communication is commonlydefined as "the imparting or interchange of thoughts, opinions, or information by speech,

writing, or signs". Although there is such a thing as one-way communication,communication can be perceived better as a two-wayprocess in which there is an

exchange and progression ofthoughts, feelings orideas (energy) towards a mutually

accepted goal or direction (information).[1]

Overview

Communication are a process whereby information is enclosed in a package and isdiscreeted and imparted by sender to a receiver via a channel/medium. The receiver then

decodes the message and gives the sender a feedback. Communication requires that all

parties have an area of communicative commonality. There are auditory means, such asspeech, song, and tone of voice, and there are nonverbalmeans, such asbody language,

sign language,paralanguage,touch, eye contact, andwriting.

Information communication revolutions

As time progress, so does technology. Technology has made things much simpler for

humans, including adding new ways for us to communicate. Researchers have dividedhow communication works into 3 revolutions.

The 1st Information Communication Revolution: The 1st written communication beganwith pictographs. These writings can be found on stone, which were too heavy to

transfer. During this era, written communication was not mobile.

The 2nd Information Communication Revolution: The Gutenberg press was invented.

Gutenberg printed the 1st bible. The books were able to be transferred for others acrossthe world to view. Written communication is now storable, and portable.

The 3rd Information Communication Revolution: Information can now be transferred viawaves, bits, and other electronic signals.

Communication is thus a process by which we assign and convey meaning in an attempt

to create shared understanding. This process requires a vast repertoire of skills inintrapersonal and interpersonal processing, listening, observing, speaking, questioning,

analyzing, and evaluating. It is through communication that collaboration and

cooperation occur.[2].....
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process_(science)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thoughthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thoughthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feelinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication#cite_note-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auditoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonverbal_communicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonverbal_communicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sign_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sign_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paralanguagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paralanguagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haptic_communicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye_contacthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye_contacthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Writinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Writinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Writinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conveyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intrapersonalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interpersonalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collaborationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooperationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process_(science)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thoughthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feelinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication#cite_note-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auditoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonverbal_communicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sign_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paralanguagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haptic_communicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye_contacthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Writinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conveyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intrapersonalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interpersonalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collaborationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooperationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication#cite_note-1


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There are also many common barriers to successful communication, two of which are

message overload (when a person receives too many messages at the same time), and

message complexity.[3] Communication is a continuous process.

Types of communication

There are three major parts in human face to face communication which are body

language, voice tonality, and words. According to the research:[4]

55% of impact is determined by body languagepostures, gestures, and eye

contact, 38% by the tone of voice, and

7% by the content or the words used in the communication process.

Although the exact percentage of influence may differ from variables such as the listener

and the speaker, communication as a whole strives for the same goal and thus, in some

cases, can be universal. System of signals, such as voice sounds, intonations or pitch,gestures orwrittensymbols which communicate thoughts or feelings. If a language is

about communicating with signals, voice, sounds, gestures, or written symbols, cananimal communications be considered as a language? Animals do not have a written form

of a language, but use a language to communicate with each another. In that sense, an

animal communication can be considered as a separate language.

Human spoken and written languages can be described as a systemofsymbols(sometimes known as lexemes) and the grammars(rules) by which the symbols are

manipulated. The word "language" is also used to refer to common properties of

languages. Language learning is normal in human childhood. Most human languages use

patterns ofsound orgesturefor symbols which enable communication with others aroundthem. There are thousands of human languages, and these seem to share certain

properties, even though many shared properties have exceptions.

There is no defined line between a language and a dialect, but the linguist Max Weinreichis credited as saying that "a language is a dialect with an army and a navy". Constructed

languages such as Esperanto,programming languages, and various mathematical

formalisms are not necessarily restricted to the properties shared by human languages.

Nonverbal communication

Nonverbal communicationis the process of communicating through sending andreceiving wordless messages. Such messages can be communicated through gesture,

body languageorposture; facial expression and eye contact, object communication suchas clothing,hairstyles or even architecture, or symbols and infographics, as well as

through an aggregate of the above, such asbehavioral communication. Nonverbal

communication plays a key role in every person's day to day life, from employment toromantic engagements.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Communication_process&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Writinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Writinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexemehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammarhttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rulehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_acquisitionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialect#.22Dialect.22_or_.22language.22http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Weinreichhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_language_is_a_dialect_with_an_army_and_a_navyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructed_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructed_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperantohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programming_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programming_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonverbal_communicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonverbal_communicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facial_expressionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clothinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hairstyleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hairstyleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infographicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behavioral_communicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behavioral_communicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Communication_process&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Writinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexemehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammarhttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rulehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_acquisitionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialect#.22Dialect.22_or_.22language.22http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Weinreichhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_language_is_a_dialect_with_an_army_and_a_navyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructed_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructed_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperantohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programming_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonverbal_communicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facial_expressionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clothinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hairstyleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infographicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behavioral_communication


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Speech may also contain nonverbal elements known asparalanguage, including voice

quality, emotion and speaking style, as well as prosodic features such as rhythm,

intonation and stress. Likewise, written texts have nonverbal elements such ashandwriting style, spatial arrangement of words, or the use ofemoticons. A portmanteau

of the English words emotion (or emote) and icon, an emoticon is a symbol or

combination of symbols used to convey emotional content in written or message form.

Other communication channels such as telegraphy fit into this category, whereby signalstravel from person to person by an alternative means. These signals can in themselves be

representative of words, objects or merely be state projections. Trials ave shown that

humans can communicate directly in this way[5] without body language, voice tonality orwords.

Categories and Features G. W. Porter divides non-verbal communication into four

broad categories:

Physical. This is the personal type of communication. It includes facial expressions, toneof voice, sense of touch, sense of smell, and body motions.

Aesthetic. This is the type of communication that takes place through creative

expressions: playing instrumental music, dancing, painting and sculpturing.

Signs. This is the mechanical type of communication, which includes the use of signal

flags, the 21-gun salute, horns, and sirens.

Symbolic. This is the type of communication that makes use of religious, status, or ego-

building symbols.

Static Features

Distance. The distance one stands from another frequently conveys a non-verbal

message. In some cultures it is a sign of attraction, while in others it may reflect status orthe intensity of the exchange.

Orientation. People may present themselves in various ways: face-to-face, side-to-side,

or even back-to-back. For example, cooperating people are likely to sit side-by-side while

competitors frequently face one another.

Posture. Obviously one can be lying down, seated, or standing. These are not theelements of posture that convey messages. Are we slouched or erect ? Are our legs

crossed or our arms folded ? Such postures convey a degree of formality and the degree

of relaxation in the communication exchange.

Physical Contact. Shaking hands, touching, holding, embracing, pushing, or patting on

the back all convey messages. They reflect an element of intimacy or a feeling of (or lack

of) attraction.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paralanguagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paralanguagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhythmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intonationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stress_(biological)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emoticonshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emoticonshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegraphyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paralanguagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhythmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intonationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stress_(biological)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emoticonshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegraphyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication#cite_note-4


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Dynamic Features

Facial Expressions. A smile, frown, raised eyebrow, yawn, and sneer all convey

information. Facial expressions continually change during interaction and are monitoredconstantly by the recipient. There is evidence that the meaning of these expressions may

be similar across cultures.

Gestures. One of the most frequently observed, but least understood, cues is a hand

movement. Most people use hand movements regularly when talking. While somegestures (e.g., a clenched fist) have universal meanings, most of the others are

individually learned and idiosyncratic.

Looking. A major feature of social communication is eye contact. It can convey emotion,

signal when to talk or finish, or aversion. The frequency of contact may suggest eitherinterest or boredom.

Visual communication

Visual communication as the name suggests is communication through visual aid. It is

the conveyance of ideas and information in forms that can be read or looked upon.Primarily associated with two dimensional images, it includes:signs,typography,

drawing,graphic design, illustration, colour and electronic resources. It solely relies on

vision. It is form of communication with visual effect. It explores the idea that a visualmessage with text has a greater power to inform, educate orpersuade a person. It is

communication by presenting information through visual form.

The evaluation of a good visual design is based on measuring comprehension by the

audience, not on aesthetic or artistic preference. There are no universally agreed-uponprinciples of beauty and ugliness. There exists a variety of ways to present information

visually, like gestures, body languages, video and TV. Here, focus is on the presentation

of text, pictures, diagrams, photos, et cetera, integrated on a computer display. The termvisual presentation is used to refer to the actual presentation of information. Recent

research in the field has focused on web design and graphically oriented usability.

Graphic designers use methods of visual communication in their professional practice.

Body language is a form ofnon-verbal communication, consisting of body pose,

gestures, and eye movements. Humans send and interpret such signals unconsciously.

It is often said that human communication consists of 93% body language and

paralinguistic cues, while only 7% of communication consists of words themselves [1] -

however, Albert Mehrabian, the researcher whose 1960s work is the source of thesestatistics, has stated that this is a misunderstanding of the findings [2] (see

Misinterpretation of Mehrabian's rule). Others assert that "Research has suggested that

between 60 and 70 percent of all meaning is derived from nonverbal behavior."[3]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_communicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimensionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drawinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphic_designhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphic_designhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illustrationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persuadehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gestureshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gestureshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_designhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphic_designershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-verbal_communicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_language#cite_note-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Mehrabianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_language#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Mehrabian#Misinterpretation_of_Mehrabian.27s_rulehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_language#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_communicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimensionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drawinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphic_designhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illustrationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persuadehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gestureshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_designhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphic_designershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-verbal_communicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_language#cite_note-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Mehrabianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_language#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Mehrabian#Misinterpretation_of_Mehrabian.27s_rulehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_language#cite_note-2


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Body language may provide cues as to the attitude or state of mind of a person. For

example, it may indicate aggression,attentiveness,boredom, relaxed state,pleasure,

amusement, besides many other cues.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aggressionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aggressionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attentionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attentionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boredomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleasurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleasurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amusementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aggressionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attentionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boredomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleasurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amusement

the importance of communications

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