the impact of spring breakup ice on stream channel morphology in northern new england by jaime craig
TRANSCRIPT
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The impact of spring breakup ice on stream channel morphology in
northern New England
By Jaime Craig
Photograph by Devin O’Brien
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Distribution of
Distribution of historic ice jam events in New England
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Difficulty in studying ice breakup
• Hydrometric gauging stations are useless under icy conditions
• Water height isn’t a good representation of stream activity
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Significance of river ice formation
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Ice jam formation
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Effect on sediment erosion
• Increase in turbidity
• Discharge during ice breakup is two to five times greater discharge during the open-water period. (Prowse, 1993)
• Increase to 291 mg/L (at 2,280 m3/sec) just before breakup and to a peak of 331 mg/L (2,480 m3/sec) during the final ice run. (Milburn and Prowse, 2000)
• Ice scouring
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Andrew M. Tuthill, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Ice scouring
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Tunbridge, VT, March 1999
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Bridge collapse
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ReferencesBeltaos, S. and A. Kääb, 2014: Estimating river discharge during ice breakup from
near-simultaneous satellite imagery. Cold Regions Science and Technology, vol. 98, p. 35-46
Marsh, P., L. Lesack and A. Roberts, 1993: The environmental effects of icejam flooding on lakes in the Mackenzie Delta. NHRI Symposium No. 12, p. 359-381.
Marsh, P. and M. Hey, 1989: The flooding hydrology of Mackenzie Delta lakes near Inuvik, NW.T., Canada. Arctic, 42, p. 41-49.
Pearce, C.M., 1991: Monitoring white spruce communities on the Mackenzie Delta with satellites.
NHRI Symposium No. 4, National Hydrology Research Institute, pg. 107-120.
Prowse, T.D., 1995: River ice processes. In Beltaos, S., ed. River ice jams. Highlands Ranch, CO, Water Resources Publications.
Prowse, T.D., B.R. Bonsal, C.R. Duguay and M.P. Lacroix, 2007. River-ice break-up/freeze-up: a
review of climatic drivers, historial trends and future predictions. Annals of Glaciology, v. 47, p. 443-451.