the impact of nearly zero energy housing on the low voltage...
TRANSCRIPT
Distribution System Operator (DSO)
Jina Bhagwandas, MSc. (Mechanical Engineering)
Product Developer – Liander
The impact of nearly zero energy housing on
the low voltage grid
Vincent Dekker, MSc. (Physics & Astronomy)
Medior Consultant Innovation & Strategy - Liander
12th IEA Heat Pump Conference Rotterdam 2017- Workshop Smart grids in smart cities
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Content
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Introduction
Nearly zero energy residence
Measurement results
Possible solutions
I want to have zero on
my meter
Together we can do this faster and smarter!
Netherlands
~ 3,4 million km
electricity cables
Liander maintains 26%
~ 1,4 million km
gas pipelines
Liander maintains 26%
Supplies consumers
with gas and electricity
each day
Gas (direct & indirect)
Coal
• Netherlands (next to Luxemburg)
has the highest gas demand
compared to the rest of Europe
Energy demands in
households
Shift from gas to electricity
More and more heat pumps are applied in
residences
Predicted in 2020: ~ 0.5 million heatpumps
of the 7,7 millions households in the
Netherlands
Heat pumps have an influence on the
electricity grid!
Introduction 3 1 Nearly zero energy residence Measurement results Possible solutions
Many new demands have impact on the electrical grid
Introduction 3 2 Nearly zero energy residence Measurement results Possible solutions
Reinforcing the grid is slow and very expensive
Introduction 3 3 Nearly zero energy residence Measurement results Possible solutions
Costs are divided between society
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Content
1
2
3
4
Introduction
Nearly zero energy residence
Measurement results
Possible solutions
I want to have zero on
my meter
Together we can do this faster and smarter!
Construction measures: highly insulation
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2 Technical installations:
In – and outgoing energy flows are zero on a yearly basis
What is a nearly zero energy residence
Introduction 3 4 Nearly zero energy residence Measurement results Possible solutions
Component Insulation value Unit
Floors 5 K.m2/W Wall (outside) 6 K.m2/W Wall (inside) 0,5 K.m2/W
Windows 0,7 K.m2/W Roof 6 K.m2/W
Component Power Unit
Air source heatpump + extra heating element
1,6 2,0
kW kW
Heat recovory ventilation 1,4 kWp Solar panels 8,9 kWp
Inverter 7,0 kW
The impact of nearly zero energy residences was determined through
data analysis of measurements on the low voltage grids
- 32 nearly zero energy residences
- 35 comparable residences (without extra technical installations and
extra construction measures)
Measurements on the low voltage grid
- Winter period:
October 2016 – February 2017
- Autumn period:
August - September 2016
Measurement period
- Typical Dutch houses in a row
- 3 floors and an area of 80 m2
- Social rented houses
- Inhabitants: 3-5 inhabitants
Housing type
Introduction 3 5 Nearly zero energy residence Measurement results Possible solutions
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Content
1
2
3
4
Introduction
Nearly zero energy residence
Measurement results
Possible solutions
I want to have zero on
my meter
Together we can do this faster and smarter!
Introduction 3 6 Nearly zero energy residence Measurement results Possible solutions
The demand load winter profile of nearly zero energy housings (NZEH) is significant higher
than the demand load winterprofile of reference housings
W
Weather conditions
Conclusions
Dataset
• 6th of January 2017 – day with the highest peak
load and day with the lowest temperature of the
measured winter period.
• Minimum T: - 6,5 ℃
• Maximum T: -0,3 ℃
• Average T: -3,0 ℃
2,7 kW (18:24)
- 0,5 kW (13:44)
• Difference in electricity
usage of NZEH and
reference housings is 1-
1,6 kW for the demand
load which is comparable
with the nominal load of
the heatpump.
• Highest demand peaks
occured in the evening.
• Extra morning demand
peak for NZEH probably
due to domestic hot
water usage.
Mild, dry and sunny winter
Introduction 3 7 Nearly zero energy residence Measurement results Possible solutions
The load autumn profile of nearly zero energy housings (NZEH) is also higher than the
demand load autumn profile of reference housings
W
Weather conditions
Conclusions
Dataset
• 5th of August – day with the highest feed-in peak
• Minimum T: 15,6 ℃
• Average T: 17,6 ℃
0,7 kW (18:07)
- 6,3 kW (12:51)
• Difference in electricity
usage of NZEH and
reference housings is 0,1
– 0,5 kW for the demand
load.
• Highest feed-in peak
occured in the late
morning
• Feed-in peak in autumn
is higher than demand
peak in winter.
• Feed-in profile is very
volutile. May cause
voltage and current
problems on the grid.
Quite warm and sunny autumn
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Content
1
2
3
4
Introduction
Nearly zero energy residence
Measurement results
Possible solutions
I want to have zero on
my meter
Together we can do this faster and smarter!
Introduction 3 8 Nearly zero energy residence Measurement results Possible solutions
• Conventional electricity network
is designed around 1,2 – 2 kW
• New networks are engineered for
maximum peak demands
Facts electricity network
• How to stay within the limits of the current
electricity network?
• What is the maximum peak demand for heat pumps at temperatures of ~ -12 ℃ ?
Challenges for the grid operator
Demand response and energy storage
• Feed-in peaks can be reduced by peak-
shaving without affecting comfort.
• Buffer of the heat pump can also be used to
store the energy from the PV panels.
• In combination with smart/intelligent devices
peak demands of heat pumps can be
controlled by maximum 25% (maintaining
adequate comfort).
• Potential peak reduction due to energy
storage is dependent on system size.
(Practical) requirement Design of the heatpump
• No extra electrical heater in
the design of the heat
pump?
• Searching other ways to
capture peak demands?
• Collaboration of concerned
parties in the heat pump
industry and the grid
operator more network
friendly heatpumps?
• Connect heat pumps and
solar panels symmetrical
over the three phases even
if the grid is reinforced,
because the capacity of the
three different phases are
determined by individual
load of the phases.
15
THANKYOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!
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my meter
Together we can do this faster and smarter! Let’s solve this network challenge together!
16
APPENDIX
I want to have zero on
my meter
Together we can do this faster and smarter!
Will be used for the discussion in case it is needed
The averge demand load winter profile of nearly zero energy housings (NZEH) is significant
higher than the average demand load winterprofile of reference housings
W
Weather conditions
Dataset
• Aggregated maximum
demand and feed-in
load profile per
household over the
measured period
• Measured period:
Oktober 2016 –
February 2017
• Minimum T: - 6,5 ℃
• Maximum T: 7,0 ℃
• Average T: 3,8 ℃
2,7 kW (18:13)
- 3,5 kW (12:41)
Mild, dry and sunny winter
The profile is shown in UTC time zone.
Winter profile: +1 hour
Summer profile: +2 hours
The averge load autumn profile of nearly zero energy housings (NZEH) is higher than the
average demand load autumn profile of reference housings
1,2 kW (18:03)
- 6,3 kW (12:33)
Dataset
• Aggregated maximum
demand and feed-in
load profile per
household over the
measured period
• Measured period:
August – September
2016
W
Weather conditions
• Minimum T: 15,6 ℃
• Average T: 17,6 ℃
Quite warm and sunny
autumn
The profile is shown in UTC time zone.
Winter profile: +1 hour
Summer profile: +2 hours