The Impact of Microgrids and Distributed Generation on Utility Grid Stability.

The Utility Grid Stability Issues caused by the load +/- 20% Hydro-Electric can only load follow to +/-10% . Storage/Renewable can help make up 10% of the 20%

Graph pricing data translated from www.nyiso.com – Prices are wholesale 12/29/2009 • www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectric.html contains data on usage, pricing and generation

Applications Effects

Wind Mills Photovoltaic

Converters Cogeneration

Requiring Inverter Grid Connect

Fuel Cells Remote Power –

Alaska

Frequency Regulation Power Factor/Clouds Storage offers power

ride through. New York- Grid is so

stressed, Generators are required to have Inverters

Wind/ Multiple Generators

Power Factor helps Grid Stability Inverters capable of 4 Quadrant control PF are a positive Impact!

Sited by SDG&E

(Dynamic Reactive Power Control )

Quadrant 2

CHARGE EXAMPLES (Dynamic Reactive Power Control required by PG&E )

Quadrant 4 and 1

Micro GridGenerator

Solar Power

Wind Generator

Battery Backup

AC to DC

DC to DC

AC to DC

COMMON DC BUS

DC to DC

3 PHASEAC

BUS

INVERTER L-C-L FilterMeets IEEE519

Utility Grid

Local Load

Micro Grid One Line

Blinkless Grid Synchronization & The Impacts on Grid Stability

480 VAC Power can be put on the Grid near the point of Usage without infrastructure Upgrade!

A Grid Parallel System which Provides Uninterrupted Power Sources for Critical Loads

System is both IEEE1547 Compliant (Safety) and IEEE519 Compliant (Harmonic Distortion)

Blinkless Can Resolve Issues due to 20% Grid Variation

Makes Provision for Peak Shaving and for Exporting of Power

Allows for Incorporation of Photovoltaic Produced Power to follow Peak Power Demand when the Grid is Stressed

Blinkless IP Hardware Features

Blinkless (DC to AC) Patent #8,310,104 Stand Alone Power Grid Parallel Operation

Blinkless Transfer Power Factor

Correction Current Control Voltage Control Frequency Control

DC to DC Converter Patent #8,355,265 Bi-Directional Current

Flow Regardless of Voltage

Ethernet or Ethercat Communications

Soft Starting Current Control Direction Control

Independent of Which Voltage is Higher

DC to AC Converter Grid Interface

DC to DC Converter Battery Interface

Blinkless System 400 KW

Blinkless Micro Grid Benefits

Lowest Cost Energy Used First Multiple Sources for High Reliability Power Quality Reduces Equipment Failure Power Management Stores Energy When Energy Cost is Low Peak Shaves When Energy Cost is High Maintains Critical Load Operation on Grid

Loss

Wide DC Voltage Range on New Inverters

Next Generation Inverter Features

24 to 800 VDC Operation as opposed to our current specifications

4 Time speed increase on current loops/performance

Ethercat on all modes of operation More cost effective regen modules IEEE1547 compliance being integrated as a

base feature. Higher PWM Frequencies on large models. -4 F No Need for Anti-Condensation Circuit