the impact of breeding on productivity of atlantic salmon and rainbow trout farming
DESCRIPTION
The impact of breeding on productivity of Atlantic Salmon and Rainbow Trout farming. Presentation by : Ana Leonardo (49081 ) and Francisca Felix (50287) Master students in Aquaculture and Fisheries , Algarve University. Obstacles. control artificial reproduction; control mating; - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
The impact of breeding on productivity of Atlantic Salmon and Rainbow Trout farming
Presentation by: Ana Leonardo (49081) and Francisca Felix (50287) Master students in Aquaculture and Fisheries, Algarve University
Obstacles
Advantages
•control artificial reproduction;•control mating;•Difficulties of hatching and feeding larvae and fry.
•High fertility;•External fertilization;•Low expenses for broodstock maintenance;•More efficient breeding programmes design.
Examples of phenotypic traits of economic importance
Food conversion efficiency
Growth rate
Age at sexual maturity
Survival/disease resistance
Body quality
Fecundity
Breeding strategies
Inbreeding
Crossbreeding
Purebreeding
Inbreeding
“It is as important to prevent production losses due to inbreeding, as it is to increase production from genetic enhancement.”(Dunham et al., 2001)
Pure breeding
Sex manipulation
Main problems
Environmental
Research
Economic and consumer issues
Political issues
Ethics
65% of all the salmon and rainbow trout produced in Norway is genetically improved fish.
Norway
Gene bank in Norway
Programs for conservation and/or harvest
Mixed-milt fertilizations
Wild-breeding
Captive-breeding
In wild Salmo salar populations
Problems in river management Impact in wild populations
Genetic profile of wild populations
Decreases populations productivity
Tummel River’s Case
Impact in Fisheries
Final concerns
New informations of breeding consequences will be provided as generations of Salmo salar and Oncorynchus mykiss appear;
Efforts to avoid the escape of farmed fish must be made;
New alternatives must arrise, since many exploration sites still use milt-mixed fertilizations.
THANKS
References
• Dunham, R. (1996). Results of early pond-based studies of risk assessment regarding aquatic GMOs. 126th Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society, Dearborn, MI, August 26-29 1996. Abstract No. 381; • Dunham, R.A., Majumdar, K., Hallerman, E., Bartley, D., Mair, G., Hulata, G., Liu, Z., Pongthana, N., Bakos, J., Penman, D., Gupta, M., Rothlisberg, P. & Hoerstgen-Schwark, G. (2001). Review of the status of aquaculture genetics. In R.P. Subasinghe, P. Bueno, M.J. Phillips, C. Hough, S.E. McGladdery & J.R. Arthur, eds. Aquaculture in the Third Millennium. Technical Proceedings of the Conference on Aquaculture in the Third Millennium, Bangkok, Thailand, 20-25 February 2000. pp. 137-166. NACA, Bangkok and FAO, Rome;•Monahan, R. L. (1993). An Overview Of Salmon Aquaculture. In Salmon Aquaculture, edited by K. Heen, R. L. Monahan and F. Utter, 1-9. England: Fishing News Books.•Myhr, A.I. & Dalmo, R.A. (2004). Introduction of genetic engineering in aquaculture: ecological and ethical implications for science and governance. Aquaculture 250: 542-554; • Rudolfsen, G., Figenschou, L., Folstad, I., Tveiten, H., Figenschou, M., (2006). Rapid adjustments of sperm characteristics in relation to social status. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 273: 325–332;• Shearer, W.M. (1992). The Atlantic Salmon: Natural History, Exploitation and Future Management. Fishing News Book;•Wedekind, C., Rudolfsen, G., Jacob, A., Urbach, D. & Muller, R. (2007). The genetic consequences of hatchery-induced sperm competition in a salmonid. Biological conservation 137: 180-188;