the impact of access policies on the development of a national gdi
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The impact of access policies on the development of a national GDI. the continuing battle between Europe and the United States. Bastiaan van Loenen [email protected]. Münsteraner GI- Tage 26 June 2003. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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The impact of access policies on the development of a national GDIthe continuing battle between Europe and the United States
Münsteraner GI- Tage26 June 2003
Bastiaan van [email protected]
Department of Civil Engineering and Geo-sciences, section Geo-information and Land Development
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Overview
• Access policies• The United States• How to research access policies?• Conclusions
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Spatial data are special
• Linking data to the surface of the earth is extremely useful
• Many use spatial data but few are aware of its value
• Different levels of government need different spatial data: the lower the level the larger the scale
• But:
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Spatial data are special, but
expensive to create: • high expertise and • advanced equipment needed• data does not ‘come’ to the gatherer
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Who pays for data creation: Access Policies
• Open Access• Minimum of use restrictions• Maximum marginal costs of distribution charged
• Restricted Access• Use restrictions imposed• No limit on price• Activities outside the scope of the public or
legislated task: competition with private sector
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Open Access: Funding Theory
Governmentagency Users
End-usersTreasury
End-users
Governmentusers
DataProductPublic fundsVATIncome/Company taxPrice
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Restricted Access: Funding Theory
Governmentagency
Users
End-usersTreasury
End-users
Governmentusers
DataProductPublic fundsVATIncome/Company taxPrice
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Access Models in one Legal System
In one legal system both access models can exist:• Different model for each user group• Different model for different type of data• Different model for each dataset• A combination of the above
• This fragmentation within a legal system is limiting the use of data
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Characteristics of Access Models
Open access:• Widespread use of spatial data tends to
increase its value • Promotes the development of an GDI
Restrictive policy:• Guaranteed high quality data• Promotes the development of an GDI
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Open Access: the United States?
• In principle yes for federal government• Not necessarily true for states or local
governments
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Open Access: United States?
0
20
40
60
80
100
Open access No openaccess
Federal government
State government
Local government
Non-profit organisation
Private party
Others
Source: Van Loenen, 2002
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Why not compare federal US with Europe?
• US is one uniform legal system with equivalent market size
• Agencies of the federal US create data at small scale level
• Federal agencies may have a mandate to uniformly create data for whole US
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How to research access policies
Step 1 research method: • If comparative research compare like with like• For Access Policies:• Population density• Level of economic development• Systems of government• Other, …
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How to research access policies
Compare like with like:• One state in the US• Three legal systems in Europe
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How to compare?
For four framework datasetsCharacteristics of data:• Technical (Scale, Quality)• Non-technical:• Legal access• Financial access• Physical• Intellectual• Extra’s
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How to compare?
Assessing the use value of spatial data:
• Number of uses (‘useful’ uses)• Variety of products using framework data• Satisfaction of users
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Non technical characteristicsFramework
data
Use
User satisfaction
Use value
Technical characteristics
value
VALUEAlternative Datasets?
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Overview
• Access policies• The United States• How to research access policies?• Conclusions
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Conclusions
• Access policies should be compared through technical, non-technical characteristics combined with a use value assessment
• If no sufficient level of awareness available, the open access model is likely to block the development of GDIs
• Idea of EC to harmonise current access policies recognises the different contexts of the European legal systems
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Thank you for your attention
Münsteraner GI- Tage26 June 2003
Bastiaan van [email protected]
Department of Civil Engineering and Geo-sciences, section Geo-information and Land Development
More information on this subject: http://www.geo.tudelft.nl/gigb/NGII