the immune system. what is the immune system? a group of defenses that protects the body against...
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The Immune System
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What is the Immune System?
• A group of defenses that protects the body against disease-causing organisms.
• Pathogen- Any disease causing organism.
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First Line of Defense
• Skin- The skin keeps most pathogens from entering into the body. • If the skin is cut or torn, pathogens can get in.
• Respiratory System- Mucous and cilia in your windpipe trap pathogens.• Sneezing and coughing gets rid of these trapped
pathogens.
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First Line of Defense
• Digestive System- Saliva and acids work to kill pathogens.• HydroChloric Acid- Digests your food
and many pathogens you eat.
• Circulatory System- White blood cells attack and kill pathogens. • Increasing your body temperature
(fever) kills pathogens too.
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Inflammation
• When an area is infected with pathogens, it becomes inflamed.
• Inflamed areas become red, swollen and painful. • White Blood Cells go to inflamed areas to fight
off the pathogen. • Puss- Dead white blood cells that have died fighting
off the infection.
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Active Immunity• 1. A pathogen (bacteria, virus) enters your
body, and you get sick.
• 2. White Blood Cells produce Antibodies- Specific proteins that attack the pathogen.
• 3. The pathogen dies, and you get better.
• 4. That Antibody stays in your blood incase the pathogen comes back later.
• 5. If the pathogen comes back, white blood cells make more Antibodies to fight off the attack, keeping you from getting sick.
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Pathogenenters your
body.
Antibodies aremade.
Pathogendies.
Antibodiesstays in
your blood.
If pathogen returns,
antibodiesbuild up again
ActiveImmunity
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Vaccination
• Process of giving a vaccine to help give active immunity.
• Vaccine- Preparation of dead or damaged pathogens.
-After you get the vaccine, your body will begin making antibodies to fight off the pathogen. -If you ever get the real pathogen, your body will know how to kill it quickly with antibodies. -Your body REMEMBERS which antibodies attack which pathogens!
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• When antibodies are made in another person or animal, and then given to you.
• Newborn babies have Passive Immunity from antibodies in their mother’s blood.
• This Passive Immunity only last for a few months, so the baby will need vaccines to build up their own Active Immunity.
Passive Immunity
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Disease-Causing Organisms
• Bacteria- Tetanus, strep throat, and pneumonia.
• Virus- A small piece of DNA surrounded by a protein coat.
• A virus “Tricks” your cells into making more viruses.• Can cause the flu, AIDS, measles, mumps and
chickenpox.
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Disease-Causing Organisms
• Protist – Malaria is spread by mosquitoes and African Sleeping Sickness is spread by Tsetse fly.
• Fungi – Ringworm and Athletes foot.
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Infectious Disease
• Any disease that is caused by a virus, bacterium, protist or fungus and is easily spread.
• Infectious Disease can be spread by contact, water, air or food.
• Biological Vector- Any organism that is carrying the disease.
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InfectiousDisease
VirusesBacteria
ProtistsFungi
AIDS ChickenpoxStrep Throat
Pneumonia
Malaria Sleeping SicknessRingworm Athletes
Foot