the imaginary pterosaur: making-of tupuxuara leonardii
TRANSCRIPT
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the imaginary pterosaurim
agin
osau
rus.
wor
dpre
ss.c
om
by helder da rocha
the making of Tupuxuara leonardii
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Helder&da&Rocha&
Ar#st&&&Scien#st&(theater,&music,&literature,&illustra3on,&sculpture,&computer&science,&electronics)&
Foam&sculpture&&&paleoart&since&04/2012& The&Imaginary&Pterosaur&
SelfFfunded&project:&pterosaur&reconstruc3ons& 1&skeleton&in&AprilFMay&2012&(Guidraco)& 3&skulls&in&JanuaryFFebruary&2013&(Anhanguera,&Tupandactylus,&Dsungaripterus)&
1&skeleton&in&MarchFApril&2013&(Tupuxuara)&
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Pterosaur&reconstruc3ons&
Sources&used& Fossil&photographs&(one&or&more&views)& Drawings&&&diagrams& Descrip#ons,&publica3ons&&&other&research&
Goals& Accuracy&&&detail& Lightness&&&resistance& Flexibility&to&assemble&in&different&posi3ons&
Time&to&produce&a&model& Skulls:&3F7&days& Full&skeletons:&4F6&weeks&
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Pterosaurs&created&
1. Guidraco+venator,&full&skeleton&(China),&04/2012&2. Anhanguera+piscator,&skull&(Brazil),&01/2013&3. Tupandactylus+imperator,&skull&(Brazil),&02/2013&4. Dsungaripterus+weii,&skull&(China),&02/2013&5. Tupuxuara+leonardii,&full&skeleton&(Brazil),&04/2013&6. Unknown+thalassodromid,&skull&(Brazil),&05/2013&&
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Imaginary&Pterosaur:&Guidraco&venator&
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Guidraco+
Created&April&25,&2012&(created&in&~30&days)& When&I&started&making&this&model&I&knew&prac3cally¬hing&about&pterosaurs&and&foam&modeling&
Its&a&frankenstein&model.&Guidraco&skull&(only&one&side&view&used&as&source)&and&skeleton&from&several&different&pterosaurs&
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Guidraco&source&Fonte:&Xiaolin Wang et al./Naturwissenschaften/Springer
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SketchFcut&from&XPS&foam&
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Paste&together&
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Mold&and&shape&
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Source&photos&&
foam&models&
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PVC&teeth&(from&a&plas3c&hanger)&
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Parts&invented&using&several&pterosaurs&as&sources&
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Inven3ng&a&&generic&humerus&
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3D&sketches&(humerus)&
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Humerus:&first&afempt&
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Illustra3ng&Guidraco&@&Wikipedia& Wikipedia&used&photo&of&my&reconstruc3on&
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First&experimental&assembly&
Theatre&students&from&Escola&Piollin&(Joo&Pessoa,&PB)&
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Actors&from&Centro&Cultural&Barco&(So&Paulo,&SP)&
Second&experimental&assembly&
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Pterosaur&superstar&
Par3cipa3on&in&videoclip:&Le&Bateau&by&Mustache&e&os&Apaches,&and&dance&movie:&Modo&Ave&by&Beto&Brant/Lu&Brites&(2013)&
Videoclip:&&hfp://vimeo.com/49882851 &&Movie:&hfp://vimeo.com/65479829&
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#2&Anhanguera+piscator+(created&in&5&days)&
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Improved&technique&&&&greater&fidelity&to&sources&
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Source:&Kellner&&&Tomida&2000&
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#3&Tupandactylus++imperator+
(5&days)&
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Recreated&from&holotype&drawings&
(invented&inner&skull&details)&
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(teeth&s3ll&missing)&
#4&Dsungaripterus+weii+(3&days)&
(invented&inner&skull&details&&incomplete&teeth)&
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#5&Tupuxuara+leonardii+
Extensive&research:&the&most&accurate&
model&so&far&
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Making of Tupuxuara leonardii
the imaginary pterosaur
imaginosaurus.wordpress.com
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Main&source:&ICMF&1502&(Iwaki,&JP)& Everything&except&pelvis,&carpals,&tarsals,&fingers,&toes,&dorsal&vertebrae,&preFpubis&
Other&sources:&ar3cles&and&unpublished&material& Detail&is&limited&by&resolu3on&of&the&sources&
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Skull&
Sources:&&Mostly¶type&IMNH&1502&&
(Iwaki&Coal&and&Fossil&Museum,&Japan)&&&ar3cles&on&Tupuxuara*&
*&Detailed&references&to&sources&in&separate&document&available&in&website&
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Source:&ICMF&1502&(Iwaki,&JP)&
Resolu3on&of&skull&details&is&limited&since&the&fossil&is¬&fully&prepared&&Will&use&other&sources&&&infer&appearance&as&closely&as&possible&
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Material:&5mm&XPS&foam&board&
1.0&x&1.2&m&
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Transfer&to&&foam&board&
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Cut&out&
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Mold&and&shape&
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Paste&together&&&let&dry&
I&call&this&a&3D&sketch&
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Palate&
& &&&&&&Sources:&&&&&1)&ICMF&1502&&&&&2)&Pinheiro&&&Schultz&2012&
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Iwaki&Sources&
I&reflected&this&view&to&make&a&symmetric&palate&
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Transfer&to&foam&board&
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Cut&out&
Flat&sketch:&will&add&detail&from&photos&which&show&other&angles&&&references&on&thalassodromids&
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Fold,&mold,&afach&
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Add&detail&
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Skull&details&
Sources:&ICMF&1502&and&other&Tupuxuara&fossils&
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All&details&are&obviously&limited&by&what&I&can&see&and&infer&from&the&sources,&and&my&limited&knowledge&of&cranial&anatomy&
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This&is&based&on&observa#on&of&the&Iwaki&specimen&
This&is&specula#ve:&I&havent&seen&any&skulls&from&this&angle&
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Finished&skull&
ICMF&1502&
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Stained&with&coffee&
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Palate&
External&3D&details&based&on&photos&of&the&Iwaki&specimen&Internal&3D&details&based&on&ar3cles&(Pinheiro&&&Schultz&2012)&
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Shape&and&size&of&this&part&of&the&skull&lacked&sources&
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Pterosaur&cemetery&
Jeune&Orpheline&au&Cime3re&de&pterosaures&
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Fixing&the&mandible&
ICMF&1502&(I&hadnt&received&the&file&with&views&of&the&mandible,&so&I&
made&one&using&only&the&side&view)&
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This&mandible&was&wrong!&(based&only&on&side&view)&
Plan&for&correct&mandible&
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Adding&foam&on&both&sides&
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Coffee&
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A&new&mandible&
May&s3ll¬&be&100%&accurate&since&sources&are&s3ll¬&ideal,&but&significantly&improved&&
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Tupuxuaras&mandible&
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Material&used&
1. One&100&x&120&x&0.5&cm&sheet&of&XPS&foam&board&2. Some&pieces&of&0.3&cm&XPS&foam&board&3. Less&than&100g&of&PVA&(polyvinyl&acetate)&glue&&4. Less&than&100&ml&of&modeling&paste&(acrylic&resin)&5. Epoxi&resin&(very&lifle&&for&reinforcing&the&beak&3p&
and&jaw&ar3cula3on)&
6. Coffee&powder&(for&stains)&
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Height&(without&mandible):&34&cm&Height&(with&mandible):&36&cm&Width:&12.5&cm&Length&:&103&cm&Weight:&250&g&Time&to&produce:&5&days&
Further&improvements&may&include& Fixes&(in&case&befer&sources&are&provided)& Resistance&(layers&of&epoxi&&which&will&also&triple&the&weight)&
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Cervicals&
ICMF&1502&&(six&views&of&each&vertebra)&
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Sources&
With&six&views&they&could&also&be&modelled&&reasonably&well&in&3D&in&a&computer&
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Cut&out&the&parts&&(sketchFcut)&
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Assemble&
Hollow&vertebra&
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Compare&
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Atlas/axis&&&&5th&cervical&
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Hollow&cervicals&
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Tupuxuara&with&a&neck&
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30&mm&XPS&foam&blocks&
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Tes3ng&connec3ons&
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Sternum&
ICMF&1502&(only&two&views)&
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Transfer&to&foam&board&
Only&two&views&as&sources!&
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Invisible&dimensions&es3mated&by&shadows&in&the&source&(may&be&incorrect)&
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Notarium&(thoracic&vertebrae)&
ICMF&1502&(four&views)&
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Notarium:&fused&thoracic&vertebrae&
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Separated&thoracic&vertebrae&
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Add&detail&
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Test&connec3ons&
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Compare&to&source&
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Thoracic&vertebrae&w&fused&ribs&
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Notarium&
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Cervicals&+¬arium&
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Scapulocoracoid&
ICMF&1502&(six&views)&
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Copy&from&source&&
&&cut&out&
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Research&(distal&view)&
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Complex&&bone&ends&
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Finished&&foam&work&
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Pectoral&girdle&
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Wing&phalanges&
ICMF&1502&(four&views)&
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Wing&&phalanx&
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Wing&phalanges:&bone&ends&
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Wing&metacarpal&
ICMF&1502&(four&views)&
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Cut&&roll&carve&burn&
Hollow&bone&made&of&foam&sheet&is&more&resistant&to&bending&than&if&carved&out&of&solid&foam&
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Wing&metacarpal&
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Arms&(humerus,&ulna/radius)&
ICMF&1502&(four&views&each)&
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Humerus&
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Ulna:&cut&out&
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Ulna:&roll&
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Rolled&ulna&&&humerus&
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Bone&ends&
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Radius&
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Finished&humeri&
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Finished&radii&&&ulnae&
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Legs:&femur,&3bia/fibula&
ICMF&1502&(four&views)&
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Cut&&&roll&
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Carve,&shape&
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Tibia/fibula&(3biotarsus)&&
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Femora&&&3biotarsi&
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This&skeleton&(except&for&the&pelvis)&is&fully&based&on&the&Iwaki&ICMF&1502&specimen&&Some&bones,&such&as&thebia&(where&only&one&was&available),&were&duplicated&
Complete&&ICMF&1502&
reconstruc3on&
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Pelvis&/&sacrum&
Not&available&in&ICMF&1502&Used&unpublished*&source&
(Thalassodromid,&possible&Tupuxuara)&
*&I&am¬&authorized&to&reveal&the&source&at&this&moment&
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Sketch&on&foam&board&
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Cut&out&
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Sacrum&
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Free&dorsal&&&sacral&vertebrae&
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Comparing&with&source&
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Afaching&pelvis&
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Making&three&dorsal&vertebrae&
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Shaping&pubis&&&ischium&
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The&wrist&(carpals&&&pteroid)&
Not&available&in&ICMF&1502&Source:&Kellner&&&Tomida&2000&
(Anhanguera&piscator)&
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The&goal&
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Studying&the&sources&
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Four&distal&carpals&(two&pairs)&
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Distal&&&proximal&syncarpals&
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Making&a&pteroid&bone&
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Nine&wrist&bones&(Considering&the&carpals&unfused)&
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I&kept&the&carpals&just&lightly&connected&(silicone&rubber)&and&unfused&
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Tail&
Not&available&in&ICMF&1502&Source:&Kellner&&&Tomida&2000&
(Anhanguera&piscator)&
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A&plas3c&axis&
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11&caudal&vertebrae&
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Fingers&&&&&&&&&Not&available&in&ICMF&1502&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
Sources:&&&
1)&Unpublished&(Thalassodromid)&&2)&Wellnhofer&1978&(Pteranodon)&3)&Eck&et&all&2011&(Tapejara)&
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Fingers&and&metacarpals&
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(not&sure&about&how&to&assemble&this)&
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Feet&Not&available&in&ICMF&1502&&&&&
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&Sources:&&
&1)&Unpublished&(Thalassodromid)&&2)&Wellnhofer&1978&(Pteranodon)&3)&Eck&et&all&2011&(Tapejara)&4)&Kellner&2004&(Tapejara&ankles)&
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Distal&tarsals&&(from&Tapejara:&Kellner&2004)&
Proximal&view&
Posterior&view&
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Metatarsi&
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Right&foot&
Oops&wrong&side&for&5th&finger&
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The Imaginary Pterosaur #5Tupuxuara leonardii
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Tupuxuara&leonardii& 140&individual&parts& Length&from&beak&to&toe:&215&cm& Wingspan:&450&cm& Skull:&length:&103&cm,&weight:&250&g& Total&weight&of&the&model:&0.95&kg& Time&to&produce:&33&days&
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Pterosaur&(Thalassodromid?)&
Unpublished,&unclassified&
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Source:&Paleodirect&website& 4&photos&(side&view&and&some&details)&
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Currently&researching&
Thin&hollow&bones&Curling&the&foam&sheet&in&spirals&(easier&to&roll&&&allows&thinner&bones)&
Using&foam&scraps&melted&with&PVC&glue&to&fill&the&bones&(semiFhollow&like&real&pterosaur&bones)&to&increase&strength.&
Life&models&Wing&sow&3ssue&using&plas3c&ac3nofibrils&(made&from&plas3c&hangers)&placed&together&in&a&flexible&skin&made&from&liquid&latex.&
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Final&remarks&about&the&process&
These&reconstruc3ons&are&more&an&inves#ga#ve&process&than&one&aimed&at&producing&a&final&result&Preference&to&work&on&individual&parts&(even&if&they&may¬&be&visible&in&the&final&result)&
Working&with&available&data&and&seeking&the&most&accurate&result&within&these&limita3ons&
Con#nuous&research&(try&to&work&with&available&sources,&throw&away&parts,&remake&them&if&befer&sources&show&up)&
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Acknowledgements& This&was&a&selfFfunded&project*.&I&made&it&and&paid&for&it.&But&it&wouldnt&be&possible&without&the&help&of&several&other&people&who&also&contributed&with&it.&Special&thanks&to& Hebert&Bruno&Campos,&for&access&to&the&Iwaki&sources&and&paleontological&assistance&
Mark&Wi_on,&Felipe&Pinheiro,&and&the&Wikipaleo&group&for&help&with&the&missing&parts&and&access&to&publica3ons&
*&If&you&wish&to&contribute&to&future&projects,&contact&me.&You&can&contribute&financially&by&ordering&a&model,&buying&scale&sculptures&or&prints,&or&dona3ng&via&PayPal&(all&these&op3ons&will&be&available&soon)&
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References&
I&am&keeping&the&references&used&in&all&reconstruc3ons&in&a&separate&file&available&for&download&at&imaginosaurus.wordpress.com&(downloads&sec3on)&because&its&easier&to&keep&up&to&date.&
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About&the&pain3ng&in&the&background&
Its&a&true&size&reproduc3on&(or&falsifica3on,&if&you&wish&:)&of&Jeune&Orpheline&au&Cime#re,&painted&in&
oil&by&Eugne&Delacroix&in&1824,&and¤tly&at&the&Louvre&Museum.&&I&painted&it&in&1996&using&photos&I&
took&of&the&original&as&sources.&
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www.imaginosaurus.wordpress.com
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