the ilc - back to the energy frontier

W. Kozanecki The Golden Age of Particle Physics & its Legacy, Boston University, 21-22 Oct 2005

The ILC - Back to the Energy FrontierThe ILC - Back to the Energy Frontier

W. Kozanecki (CEA-Saclay)


IntroductionIntroduction

World-wide consensusWorld-wide consensus: : ICFA, ECFA, ACFA, HEPAP, OECD,…ICFA, ECFA, ACFA, HEPAP, OECD,… “…noted the worldwide consensus of the scientific community, which has

chosen an e+ - e- linear collider as the next accelerator-based facility to complement and expand on the discoveries that are likely to emerge from the Large Hadron Collider currently being built at CERN.

[…It was] agreed that the planning and implementation of such a large, multi-year project should be carried out on a global basis, and should involve consultations among not just scientists, but also representatives of science funding agencies from interested countries....” [ICFA statement, 13 Feb 04]

Remarkable progressRemarkable progress toward the realization of an ILC toward the realization of an ILC choice of the technology by the ITRP (Summer 2004)

start of the Global Design Effort

clearer understanding of the essential, mutually supportive relationship of LHC and ILC physics (HEPAP report)

UnderstatementUnderstatement:: Many challengesMany challenges !! detailed accelerator design, full detector concepts, ever sharper physics

arguments

approval & funding strategy - on a worldwide stage


Why a TeV Scale eWhy a TeV Scale e+ + ee-- Accelerator? Accelerator?

Two parallel developments over the past few years (Two parallel developments over the past few years (the sciencethe science))

The precision information from e+e- and data at present energies have pointed to a low mass Higgs. Understanding electroweak symmetry breaking, whether supersymmetry or an alternative, will require precision measurements.

There are strong arguments for needing both pp and e+e- collisions to fully exploit the exciting science expected at the 1 TeV energy scale.

Two parallel developments over the past few years (Two parallel developments over the past few years (the technologythe technology))

Designs and technology demonstrations have matured on two technical Designs and technology demonstrations have matured on two technical approaches for a ~ 500 GeV eapproaches for a ~ 500 GeV e++ee-- collider that are well matched to our present collider that are well matched to our present understanding of the physicsunderstanding of the physics:

the TESLA design, based on a superconducting RF linac at 1.3 GHz

the NLC/GLC approach, based on warm RF technology at X-band (11.4 GHz).

By 2002, both designs had come to the stage where the show-stoppers had been By 2002, both designs had come to the stage where the show-stoppers had been eliminated and the feasibility was well-establishedeliminated and the feasibility was well-established.


Why Why LHC LHC andand ILC ILC ??

p p e+ e-

p = composite particle:unknown s ofi initial-state partons,no polarization of IS partons,parasitic collisions

p = strongly interacting:large SM backgrounds,highly selective trigger needed,radiation hard detectors needed

e = pointlike particle:known and tunable s of IS particles,polarization of IS particles possible,kinematic contraints can be used

e = electroweakly interactinglow SM backgrounds,no trigger needed,detector design driven by precision


ILC can observe Higgs no matter how it decays!

100 120 140 160Recoil Mass (GeV)

MHiggs = 120 GeV

Num

ber

of E

vent

s / 1

.5 G

eV

ILC simulation for e+e- Z + Higgswith Z 2 b’s, and Higgs invisible

Only possible at the ILC


Hadron colliders…Hadron colliders…

K. Jakobs (ATLAS), 2005 CERN Summer student lectures

pp HX with H 4

Simulated Higgs production & decay

in the CMS detector @ LHC

are more demanding on the detectorsare more demanding on the detectors


Cou

plin

g S

tren

gth

to H

iggs

Par

ticle

Mass (GeV)

LEP e+e- collider

Coupling Strength to Z boson

e : 0.1%: 0.1%: 0.1% : 0.2%q : 0.1%

(PDG values)

ILC experiments will have the unique ability to make model-independent tests of Higgs couplings

to other particles, at the % level of accuracy

odel Coupling∞ particle mass

This sensitivity is sufficient to discover extra dimensions, SUSY, sources of CP violation, or other novel phenomena.

Standard Model Coupling∞ particle mass


LHCLHC//ILC ILC Physics: new particlePhysics: new particle

LHC experiments find a new LHC experiments find a new heavy particle, Z’heavy particle, Z’

Able to show that Z’ Able to show that Z’ mediates a new force of mediates a new force of naturenature

This is a great discoveryThis is a great discovery

Notice peak is ½ event per bin per fb-1


LHCLHC//ILCILC Physics: new particle Physics: new particle

ILC measures couplings of Z’ to find ILC measures couplings of Z’ to find out what it meansout what it means

If here, related to origin of neutrino If here, related to origin of neutrino massesmasses

If here, related to origin of HiggsIf here, related to origin of Higgs

If here, Z’ comes from an extra If here, Z’ comes from an extra dimension of spacedimension of space

These are great discoveries!These are great discoveries!


Which Technology to Choose?Which Technology to Choose?

A major step toward a new international machine required uniting behind one technology, and then working toward a unified global design based on the

recommended technology.


From a Matrix of Criteria to the From a Matrix of Criteria to the RecommendationRecommendation

The ITRP analyzed the technology choice through studying a matrix The ITRP analyzed the technology choice through studying a matrix having six general categories with specific items under eachhaving six general categories with specific items under each

the scope and parameters specified by the ILCSC

technical issues

cost issues

schedule issues

physics operation issues

and more general considerations that reflect the impact of the LC on science, technology and society

Recommendation (announced at ICHEP, Aug ‘04) Recommendation (announced at ICHEP, Aug ‘04) ““that the linear collider be based on superconducting rf technologythat the linear collider be based on superconducting rf technology””

“This recommendation is made with the understanding that we are recommending a technology, not a design. We expect the final design to be developed by a team drawn from the combined warm and cold linear collider communities, taking full advantage of the experience and expertise of both” (from the Executive Summary)


The Mission of the GDE The Mission of the GDE Produce a design for the ILC that includes a detailed design concept,

performance assessments, reliable international costing, an industrialization plan , siting analysis, as well as detector concepts and scope.

Coordinate worldwide prioritized proposal driven R & D efforts (to demonstrate and improve the performance, reduce the costs, attain the required reliability, etc.)

GDE structure GDE structure [America: 16, Europe: 21, Asia: 12]

3 regional directors core accelerator physics experts 3 Conventional Facilities Siting (CFS) experts (1 per region) 3 costing engineers (1 per region) 3 communicators (1 per region) representatives from [LC detector] World Wide Study group

Global Design Global Design EffortEffort B. Barrish,

GDE Director

F. Takasaki (Asia)

G. Dugan, (the Americas)

B. Foster (Europe)


GDE StrategyGDE Strategy

Primary GDE Goal:Primary GDE Goal: Reference Design Report including costs by the end of 2006

Intermediate goal (follows from primary)Intermediate goal (follows from primary) Definition of a Baseline Configuration by the end of 2005; this

will be designed to during 2006

will be the basis used for the cost estimate

will evolve into the machine that one will build

BaselineBaseline & & alternativesalternatives: some definitions: some definitions BaselineBaseline: a : a forward-lookingforward-looking configuration which one is configuration which one is reasonablyreasonably confidentconfident

can can achieve the required performanceachieve the required performance andand can be used to give a can be used to give a reasonablyreasonably accurate cost estimateaccurate cost estimate by mid-end 2006 ( by mid-end 2006 (→→ RDR) RDR)

AlternativeAlternative: A technology or concept which may provide a : A technology or concept which may provide a significant cost significant cost reductionreduction, , increase in performanceincrease in performance (or both), but which will (or both), but which will not be mature not be mature enoughenough to be considered baseline by mid-end 2006 to be considered baseline by mid-end 2006


ILC Basic Building Blocks & Main ParametersILC Basic Building Blocks & Main Parameters

main linacbunchcompressor

dampingring

source

pre-accelerator

collimation

final focus

IP

extraction& dump

KeV

few GeV

few GeVfew GeV

250-500 GeV

Superconducting RF Main Linac

EEcmcm adjustable from 200 – 500 GeV adjustable from 200 – 500 GeV Luminosity Luminosity ∫∫LdtLdt = 500 fb = 500 fb-1-1 in 4 years in 4 years Ability to scan Ability to scan EEcmcm between 200 and 500 GeV between 200 and 500 GeV Energy stability and precision below 0.1%Energy stability and precision below 0.1% ee-- polarization of at least 80% (e polarization of at least 80% (e++ polarization a serious option) polarization a serious option) The machine must be upgradeable to The machine must be upgradeable to EEcmcm = = 1 TeV 1 TeV


LHC

Design issuesDesign issues Layout from US LC Technology Options Study (March 2004)

The total cost will be a key determining factor in our ability to get the ILC built. Therefore cost optimization of all systems is of

primary importance


The Key DecisionsThe Key Decisions

Critical choices: luminosity parameters & gradient


Making Choices – The TradeoffsMaking Choices – The Tradeoffs

Many decisions are interrelated and require input from several WG/GG groups


Accelerating gradient: experimental status (single cell)Accelerating gradient: experimental status (single cell)

Snowmass 9-cell

spec


Cavity shapeCavity shape baseline: standard TESLA 9-cell

alternatives: low-loss, re-entrant, or superstructure

Gradient specificationsGradient specifications

Accelerating gradient: tentative baseline (Snowmass’05)Accelerating gradient: tentative baseline (Snowmass’05)

Cavity Cavity typetype

QualifiedQualifiedgradient gradient [MV/m][MV/m]

Operational Operational gradient gradient [MV/m][MV/m]

1-Linac length 1-Linac length (75% fill factor) (75% fill factor)

[km][km]

Beam Beam energy energy [GeV][GeV]

InitialInitial TESLATESLA 3535 31.531.5 10.610.6 250250

UpgradeUpgrade LLLL 4040 36.036.0 +9.3+9.3 500500


Conventional Facilities & SitingConventional Facilities & Siting

The GDE ILC Design will be done to samples sites in the 3 regionsThe GDE ILC Design will be done to samples sites in the 3 regions

MilestonesMilestones Snowmass 2005Snowmass 2005

Complete the Comparative Site-Assessment Matrix Format

Identify Regional Sample Sites for Inclusion into the BCD (Dec ‘05)(Dec ‘05) North American sample site will be near Fermilab

Japan and Europe are to determine sample sites by the end of 2005

Complete CFS Portion of the RDR (Dec ‘06)

Outstanding Issues with Direct Impact on CFS Progress that will Outstanding Issues with Direct Impact on CFS Progress that will Require Further Discussion and ResolutionRequire Further Discussion and Resolution

1 Tunnel vs. 2 Tunnels1 Tunnel vs. 2 Tunnels

Laser Straight vs. Curved or SegmentedLaser Straight vs. Curved or Segmented

Shape and Length of Damping RingsShape and Length of Damping Rings

Shape and Configuration of SourcesShape and Configuration of Sources

1 vs. 2 Interaction Regions1 vs. 2 Interaction Regions

5 of the 10 most critical design questions may

well be influenced by site constraints


The GDE Plan and Schedule The GDE Plan and Schedule

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Global Design Effort Project

Baseline configuration

Reference Design

ILC R&D Program

Technical Design

Expression of Interest to Host

International Mgmt

LHCPhysics

CLIC


Some of the key topics I had no time to really discuss today ...Some of the key topics I had no time to really discuss today ...

Several key acc. issues - Damping Rings, eSeveral key acc. issues - Damping Rings, e++ source, Beam Delivery... source, Beam Delivery...

The 3 detector concepts (GLD, The 3 detector concepts (GLD, LCDLCD, , SiDSiD))

The growing accelerator R&D effortThe growing accelerator R&D effort in the US

national labs: SLAC, Fermilab, Jefferson Lab...

universities becoming active in specialized, well-chosen areas

in Europe (national F.A.’s + growing EU component) DESY, CERN, INFN,….

UK, France, …

in Japan

The rapidly increasing involvement of the experimental communityThe rapidly increasing involvement of the experimental community impressive participation at Snowmass’05 - many new faces !

Europe has been quite active for more than a decade (TESLA @ DESY)

pushing for detector R&D funding to ramp up - especially in the US

The growing & supportive involvement of gov’t agencies (FALC,...)The growing & supportive involvement of gov’t agencies (FALC,...)

The approval & funding strategy in the USThe approval & funding strategy in the US


Remarkable progress in the past two years toward realizing an Remarkable progress in the past two years toward realizing an international linear colliderinternational linear collider

important R&D on accelerator systems

definition of parameters for physics

choice of technology

start the global design effort

funding agencies are engaged

Many major hurdles remain before the ILC becomes a reality Many major hurdles remain before the ILC becomes a reality (funding, site, international organization, and most importantly, a (funding, site, international organization, and most importantly, a technical design and construction plan)technical design and construction plan)

The time scale for ILC technical project readiness is consistent The time scale for ILC technical project readiness is consistent with with proposingproposing a construction project before the end of this a construction project before the end of this

decade.decade.

Conclusions


The material from this talk came from…The material from this talk came from…

Presentations at the Snowmass’05 WorkshopPresentations at the Snowmass’05 Workshophttp://alcpg2005.colorado.edu:8080/alcpg2005/program/

Presentations at the 8th ICFA Seminar (Daegu, Korea, 27 Sep -1 Oct ‘05) Presentations at the 8th ICFA Seminar (Daegu, Korea, 27 Sep -1 Oct ‘05) byby

B. Barrish, GDE Director

R. Heuer, Research Director, DESY

Y. K. Kim, U. of Chicago

P. Oddone, Director, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory

http://chep.knu.ac.kr/ICFA-Seminar/

““Discovering the Quantum Universe - the Role of Particle Colliders” Discovering the Quantum Universe - the Role of Particle Colliders” ((DOE / NSF HEPAP Report, 2005)

What I learnt from many of my accelerator friends & colleagues while What I learnt from many of my accelerator friends & colleagues while wandering, over the last 20 years, in, out & back into this exciting field!wandering, over the last 20 years, in, out & back into this exciting field!


Backup slidesBackup slides


1. Are there undiscovered principles of nature: New symmetries, new physical laws?2. How can we solve the mystery of dark energy?3. Are there extra dimensions of space?4. Do all the forces become one?5. Why are there so many kinds of particles?6. What is dark matter? How can we make it in the laboratory?7. What are neutrinos telling us?8. How did the universe come to be?9. What happened to the antimatter?

From “Quantum Universe”


Three physics themesThree physics themes

SOLVING THE MYSTERIES OF MATTER AT THE TeV SCALESOLVING THE MYSTERIES OF MATTER AT THE TeV SCALE The LHC should discover the Higgs and other new particles.

Experiments at the linear collider would then zoom in on these phenomena to discover their secrets. Properties of the Higgs may signal extra dimensions of space or explain the dominance of matter over antimatter. Particle interactions could unveil a universe shaped by supersymmetry.

DETERMINING WHAT DARK MATTER PARTICLES CAN BE DETERMINING WHAT DARK MATTER PARTICLES CAN BE PRODUCED IN THE LAB& DISCOVERING THEIR IDENTITYPRODUCED IN THE LAB& DISCOVERING THEIR IDENTITY

Most theories contain, at the TeV scale, new massive particles with the right properties to contribute to dark matter. Such particles would first be produced at the LHC. Experiments at the linear collider, in conjunction with dedicated dark matter searches, would then discover whether they actually are dark matter.

CONNECTING THE LAWS OF THE LARGE TO THE LAWS OF THE CONNECTING THE LAWS OF THE LARGE TO THE LAWS OF THE SMALLSMALL

From a vantage point at the TeV scale, the linear collider could function as a telescope to probe far higher energies. This capability offers the potential for discoveries beyond the direct reach of any accelerator that could ever be built.

HEPAP report to the EPP 2010 Panel


e+ e- Z qq

jet + jet

Event recorded in the ALEPH

detector at LEP


New forces of nature new gauge boson

LHC has great discovery potential for multi TeV Z’.Using polarized e+, e- beams, and measuring angular distribution of leptons, ILC can measure Z’ couplings to leptons and discriminate the origins of the

new force.

Mee [GeV] M [GeV]

Vec

tor

Cou

plin

g

Axial Coupling

Related to originof masses

Related toorigin of Higgs

Related toExtra dimensions

Tevatron LHC ILC104

103

102

10

1

10-1

Events/2GeV

qq Z’ e+e-

Tevatron sensitivity~1 TeV

CDF Preliminary


Large Extra Dimensions of Space

LHC can discover partner towers up to a given energy scale. ILC can identify the size, shape and # of extra dimensions.

Collision Energy [GeV]

Graviton disappears into the ED

Pro

duc

tion

Rat

e

ILC

GN

e+

e-

Mee [GeV]

Eve

nts

/ 50

GeV

/ 1

00 f

b-1

102

10

1

10-1

10-2

LHC


Dark Matter in the LabDark Matter in the Lab

Underground experiments (CDMS) may detect Dark Matter candidates (WIMPS) from the galactic halo via impact of colliding DM particle on nuclei.

Dark Matter Mass [GeV]

10-4

4

104

3

10-2

4

10 100 1000

Inte

ract

ion

Str

engh

[cm

2 ]

LHC may find DM particles (a SUSY particle) through missing energy analyses.(LHC is the best place to discover many of SUSY particles)


The ILC can determine its properties with extreme detail,allowing to compute

which fraction of the total DM density of the universe it makes.

Dark Matter Mass from Supersymmetry (GeV)F

ract

ion

of D

ark

Mat

ter

Den

sity


LHC-ILC synergy (I)LHC-ILC synergy (I)HEPAP LHC / ILC report


LHC-ILC synergy (II)LHC-ILC synergy (II)


ILC Organization Chart

ICFA

ILCSC

GDE

Asia Regional

Team

EuropeanRegional

Team

AmericanRegional

Team

ACFA

ALCSC FALC


Organization following Technology DecisionOrganization following Technology Decision

WG1 Parms & layoutWG1 Parms & layout WG2 LinacWG2 Linac WG3 InjectorsWG3 Injectors WG4 Beam DeliveryWG4 Beam Delivery WG5 High Grad. SCRFWG5 High Grad. SCRF WG6 CommunicationsWG6 Communications

WG1 LET beam dynamicsWG1 LET beam dynamics

WG2 Main LinacWG2 Main Linac

WG3a SourcesWG3a Sources

WG3b Damping RingsWG3b Damping Rings

WG4 Beam DeliveryWG4 Beam Delivery

WG5 SCRF Cavity PackageWG5 SCRF Cavity Package

WG6 CommunicationsWG6 Communications

GG1 Parameters & LayoutGG1 Parameters & Layout

GG2 InstrumentationGG2 Instrumentation

GG3 Operations & ReliabilityGG3 Operations & Reliability

GG4 Cost EngineeringGG4 Cost Engineering

GG5 Conventional FacilitiesGG5 Conventional Facilities

GG6 Physics OptionsGG6 Physics Options

Birth of the GDE& Preparation for Snowmass ’05

Introduction of Global Groupstransition workshop → project


LHC

Design issuesDesign issues Layout from US LC Technology Options Study (March 2004)


How Do Costs Scale with Gradient?How Do Costs Scale with Gradient?

Relative

Co

st

Gradient MV/m

2

0

$ lincryo

a Gb

G Q≈ +

35MV/m is close to optimum

Japanese are still pushing for 40-45MV/m

30 MV/m would give safety margin

C. Adolphsen (SLAC)


GradientGradient


Configuration Parameter SpaceConfiguration Parameter Space


€

L ~nbNe

2 f

4πσ xσ yHD

€

δE ~Ne

2Ecm

σ z(σ x + σ y)2

€

L ~ ηPelectrical

ECM

δE

εn,y

HD

ILC beam parameter optimization(ILC beam parameter optimization(ss))

2 n

nominally


Three concepts under study: GLD, Three concepts under study: GLD, LCDLCD, , SiDSiD

Typically requires factors of two or Typically requires factors of two or so improvements in granularity, so improvements in granularity, resolution, etc. from present resolution, etc. from present generation detectorsgeneration detectors

Focused R&D program required to Focused R&D program required to develop the detectors -- end of develop the detectors -- end of 20052005

Detector Concepts will be used to Detector Concepts will be used to determine machine detector determine machine detector interface, simulate performance of interface, simulate performance of reference design vs. physics goals reference design vs. physics goals next year.next year.

Detector Concepts and Challenges


Detector concepts: 3 layoutsDetector concepts: 3 layouts


““Transition Pathways for the ILC: Tunneling through the DC Barrier”Transition Pathways for the ILC: Tunneling through the DC Barrier” Remarks @ Snowmass’05

by John P. (Pat) Looney, former Assistant Director, Physical Sciences and Engineering, Office of Science and Technology Policy, Executive Office of the President

Not an easy path forward. Not impossible, either.Not an easy path forward. Not impossible, either. Always ask questions in a manner that does not force a ‘no.’

The path will have to be segmentedThe path will have to be segmented. .

R&D, EDA, Construction decisions will need to be considered individually.

No single report will sell the ILC.No single report will sell the ILC. The case will need to be built up over several years. Great progress on communications over past 3 years.

Be realistic about timescale.Be realistic about timescale. A construction decision will be strongly influenced by election cycles. Results from LHC are needed for a construction decision.

There will have to be sacrifice from the HEP program.There will have to be sacrifice from the HEP program.

Not all activities can continue.

For the US to host, there would need to be an international consensus. For the US to host, there would need to be an international consensus. The ILC will have to be a Presidential Initiative.The ILC will have to be a Presidential Initiative.

the ilc - back to the energy frontier

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