the identity of taiwanese youth - borders in globalization · 2 taiwan strait: an aching suture...
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Taiwan Strait: An Aching Suture between the Mainland China and the Taiwan Island --- A study of the Identity of Taiwanese Youth
Weiyn WangPowerpoint presentation
Borders in Globalization _________________________________Research Project 55
Taiwan Strait: An Aching Suture between the Mainland China and the Taiwan Island
--- A study on the identity of youth Taiwanese
Weiyu Wang Department of Political Science
Background: the Taiwan Strait as an aching suture
1945 1949
Military Conflicts
Since 1950s
- White Terror (228 Incident)
- Martial Law
KMT Authoritarian
The People’s Republic of China in mainland The Republic of China in Taiwan Island
Background: the Taiwan Strait as an aching suture
Co-operation
Democratic Transformation
KMT Authoritarian
- Lift martial law - Dangwai
Campaign
- White Terror (228 Incident)
- Martial Law
Since 1990s Since 1950s
Chinese identity: - Degrades from the majority identity to the minority identity
Taiwanese identity: - Surges from the minority identity to the dominated identity
Dual identity: - lost its dominance since 1950s
Youth Taiwanese: 90s generation - Remarkable growth of the Taiwanese Identity
§ National identities and borders (a process of “othering”)
§ Landscape and identity § Policy and identity
Research Question: policy, border and identity since 1990s
Conceptualizations of the Strait
the Taiwanese identity among Youth Taiwanese
Strait
Identity XX XXXX XX XXXXXX
XXXXXX
Policy
Theory: Legal status of Taiwan
Mobility Control
De-Sinicization Policy in everyday life
Legal status of Taiwan
Mobility Control
De-Sinicization Policy in everyday life
Findings: Taiwan’s legal status with “One China” Policy § Taiwan as a “Free ”Province
A"er the country is reunified peacefully, Taiwan may prac8ce systems different from those on the mainland and enjoy a high degree of autonomy.
---- Anti-Secession Law
- The PRC The PRC identified Taiwan as a Province, but also a free zone, a “foreign area within its territory”(jingwai).
• The constitution of the Republic of China • president selection
Rights and obligations between the people of the Chinese mainland area and those of the free area, and the disposition of other related affairs may be specified by law.
----Addi8onal Ar8cles of the Cons8tu8on of The Republic of China
§ International Status - the UN General Assembly Resolution 2758
“restore all its rights to the People’s Republic of China and to recognize the representatives of its Governments as the only legitimate representatives of China to the United Nations, and to expel forthwith the representatives of Chiang Kai-shek from the place which they unlawfully occupy at the United Nations and in all the organizations related to it.”
----Addi8onal Ar8cles of the Cons8tu8on of The Republic of China
- Chinese Taipei Political identity of Taiwan in international or regional organization, such as APEC、OECD、WHA、ICAO
- The ROC With the policy of “the ROC is Taiwan”, Taiwan has established its own political system, including:
Conclusion I: The par8cularity of Taiwan demonstrated by legal documents from the both sides conceptualize ”China” as a poli8cal term rather than a cultural, historical concept for most youth Taiwanese, portraying the strait as a clear demarca8on between two different poli8cal environment. Moreover, Taiwan’s diploma8c crisis caused by the interna8onal recogni8on of the PRC increase the poli8cal prejudice and resentment among youth Taiwanese, which would inevitably facilitate their poli8cal iden8fica8on with Taiwan.
Conclusion II: Conclusion II:
Legal status of Taiwan
Mobility Control
De-Sinicization Policy in everyday life
Findings: a zone of insecurity and inconvenience
§ Military Conflicts - Third Taiwan Strait Crisis (1995-1996) The PRC’s response to Taiwanese’s 1996 president election
- Anti-Secession Law in the PRC: “the state shall employ non-peaceful means and other necessary measures to protect China’s sovereignty and territorial integrity”
§ Mobility Control Mainland
residents
Pass Mainland Residents to Taiwan
Exit & Entry Permit (Taiwan, Republic of China)
Visa
7-10 business days
15 Days
Taiwan
residents 7 business days Mainland travel permit for Taiwan residents
Visa
Passport (Taiwan)
90 Days
Canada America New Zealand Japan Australia, Europe….
161 country: Visa-free / Visa-on arrival
180 Days
90 Days 90 Days
90 Days
Conclusion II: Taiwan Strait is s8ll delineated as a insecure and inconvenient zone for youth Taiwanese. And this insecure image is embedded in young genera8ons with their growth. The barriers to their mobiliza8on between mainland and Taiwan has pushed them away from the strait, and facilitated their social iden8fica8on with Taiwan.
Conclusion II:
Conclusion II:
Legal status of Taiwan
Mobility Control
De-Sinicization Policy in everyday life
Findings: de-Sinicization policy in everyday life
§ Education Policies - Educational principles:
- School Education:
facilitate the localized education, instill the ”new Taiwanese” identity
=>Move the Chinese history into world history
=>Change the words denoting the unification =>Define the “our country” as Taiwan
- Exchange Student program
§ Control of the New Media
Facebook Line Twitter
Mainland Taiwan Weibo Wechat QQ
Information of Mainland
51.72% negative
6.21% positive
37.24% neutral Quality
Conclusion III: Educated in the new localized educa8on system, youth Taiwanese was ins8lled into more consensus on Taiwan culture. Moreover, due to the control of the new media, limited communica8on between youth from the two sides can be accomplished. This lack of mutual understanding, especially young Taiwanese’s wrong understanding of mainland, as well as increasingly different cultural environment, have nurtured youth’s cultural and social iden8fica8on with Taiwan through their daily life.
Conclusion II: Conclusion II:
• Use traditional Chinese characters • Use different “pinyin” • Add new courses of Taiwan History, Taiwan Geography, Taiwan Literature • Revise the textbooks
60% small
33% average
7% large Amount
Conclusions: growth of the Taiwanese identity of youth
Conclusion III: Educated in the new localized educa8on system, youth Taiwanese was ins8lled into more consensus on Taiwan culture. Moreover, due to the control of the new media, limited communica8on between youth from the two sides can be accomplished. This lack of mutual understanding, especially young Taiwanese’s wrong understanding of mainland, as well as increasingly different cultural environment, have nurtured youth’s cultural and social iden8fica8on with Taiwan through their daily life.
Conclusion II: Conclusion II: Legal status of Taiwan Political identification with Taiwan
Mobility control Social and cultural identification
with Taiwan Localized education
The new media control
Though the cooperation and traditional culture tries to seam the two sides, the practical implications of their policies have depicted the strait as an unhealed suture that delimitate the two shores, and facilitate the growth of the Taiwanese identity among youth in Taiwan.