the human spirit is more powerful than any drug. it needs to be nourished with work, play,...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: The human spirit is more powerful than any drug. It needs to be nourished with work, play, friendship, love. The simplest things. The things we have forgotten.”](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649c9f5503460f9495f12e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The human spirit is more powerful than any drug. It needs to be nourished with work, play, friendship, love. The simplest things. The things we have forgotten.”from the movie “Awakenings
![Page 2: The human spirit is more powerful than any drug. It needs to be nourished with work, play, friendship, love. The simplest things. The things we have forgotten.”](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649c9f5503460f9495f12e/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Stress & Coping
Primary Situational Appraisals**** Harm/Loss – * Threat – * Challenge –
Threats create greater response than challenges
![Page 3: The human spirit is more powerful than any drug. It needs to be nourished with work, play, friendship, love. The simplest things. The things we have forgotten.”](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649c9f5503460f9495f12e/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
![Page 4: The human spirit is more powerful than any drug. It needs to be nourished with work, play, friendship, love. The simplest things. The things we have forgotten.”](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649c9f5503460f9495f12e/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: The human spirit is more powerful than any drug. It needs to be nourished with work, play, friendship, love. The simplest things. The things we have forgotten.”](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649c9f5503460f9495f12e/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Primary Appraisals (cont’d)
Depend on the situation and how one interprets the stimulus
Negative appraisals, heighten the physical arousal Positive appraisals, decrease physical arousal
![Page 6: The human spirit is more powerful than any drug. It needs to be nourished with work, play, friendship, love. The simplest things. The things we have forgotten.”](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649c9f5503460f9495f12e/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Stress Factors
Hassles - daily, irritating events vs Uplifts - satisfying daily events
contribute or detract from risk of depression
![Page 7: The human spirit is more powerful than any drug. It needs to be nourished with work, play, friendship, love. The simplest things. The things we have forgotten.”](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649c9f5503460f9495f12e/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Conflict Patterns***
Approach – approach:
Avoidance –avoidance:
Approach-avoidance:
![Page 8: The human spirit is more powerful than any drug. It needs to be nourished with work, play, friendship, love. The simplest things. The things we have forgotten.”](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649c9f5503460f9495f12e/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Stress Factors
Social Readjustment Rating Scale (490)
+ / - situations experienced in past 6 mos. (> 300) and past year (> 500)
Doesn’t address appraisals***
![Page 9: The human spirit is more powerful than any drug. It needs to be nourished with work, play, friendship, love. The simplest things. The things we have forgotten.”](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649c9f5503460f9495f12e/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Stress on the System
Fight or flight response – Appraisal of event –
Hypothalamus – activated by threats Sympathetic – speeds up responses Parasympathetic – slows down / calms
![Page 10: The human spirit is more powerful than any drug. It needs to be nourished with work, play, friendship, love. The simplest things. The things we have forgotten.”](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649c9f5503460f9495f12e/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Stress on the System***
Psychosomatic symptoms –
Examples – stomach, muscle pains, fatigue, eating probs, skin rashes, insomnia, asthma, blood pressure incr.
![Page 11: The human spirit is more powerful than any drug. It needs to be nourished with work, play, friendship, love. The simplest things. The things we have forgotten.”](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649c9f5503460f9495f12e/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Mind-body Connection
Thoughts, emotions & beliefs …
Mind – body Therapy:
Psychoneuroimmunology - relationship between CNS,
endocrine system and psychosocial factors
![Page 12: The human spirit is more powerful than any drug. It needs to be nourished with work, play, friendship, love. The simplest things. The things we have forgotten.”](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649c9f5503460f9495f12e/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Personal & Social Factors
Resiliency
Locus of Control – external vs internal
Optimism / Pessimism –
Social Support –
![Page 13: The human spirit is more powerful than any drug. It needs to be nourished with work, play, friendship, love. The simplest things. The things we have forgotten.”](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649c9f5503460f9495f12e/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Coping
Secondary Appraisal – deciding to deal with the stressor
Emotion-focused: seeking comfort, sympathy
Problem-focused: Seeking information
Control elements -> Combination is best
![Page 14: The human spirit is more powerful than any drug. It needs to be nourished with work, play, friendship, love. The simplest things. The things we have forgotten.”](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649c9f5503460f9495f12e/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Stress Management Techniques
Challenge appraisals Positive Self-Statements Biofeedback Progressive Relaxation Meditation Social-cognitive counseling / intervention
![Page 15: The human spirit is more powerful than any drug. It needs to be nourished with work, play, friendship, love. The simplest things. The things we have forgotten.”](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649c9f5503460f9495f12e/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Disorders
Definitions of Abnormality
Statistical frequency- Social norms – Maladaptive –
![Page 16: The human spirit is more powerful than any drug. It needs to be nourished with work, play, friendship, love. The simplest things. The things we have forgotten.”](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649c9f5503460f9495f12e/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Diagnosis
Clinical interview: Personality tests: Neurological tests: DSM-IV (297) :
![Page 17: The human spirit is more powerful than any drug. It needs to be nourished with work, play, friendship, love. The simplest things. The things we have forgotten.”](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649c9f5503460f9495f12e/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Frequency - % reporting
Any disorder – 48%
Substance Use – 27%
Anxiety Disorder – 25%
Mood Disorder – 20-25%
![Page 18: The human spirit is more powerful than any drug. It needs to be nourished with work, play, friendship, love. The simplest things. The things we have forgotten.”](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649c9f5503460f9495f12e/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Mood DisordersMajor Depression
2 weeks or more
Low mood, low interest, low pleasure
Problems with 4 of these: eating, sleeping, thinking, concentration, guilt, making decisions, energy level, suicidal thoughts
![Page 19: The human spirit is more powerful than any drug. It needs to be nourished with work, play, friendship, love. The simplest things. The things we have forgotten.”](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649c9f5503460f9495f12e/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Mood Disorders
Biological Theory – genetic, neurological factors Psychosocial Theory – personality traits
Cognitive Theory – automatic negative thoughts
![Page 20: The human spirit is more powerful than any drug. It needs to be nourished with work, play, friendship, love. The simplest things. The things we have forgotten.”](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649c9f5503460f9495f12e/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: The human spirit is more powerful than any drug. It needs to be nourished with work, play, friendship, love. The simplest things. The things we have forgotten.”](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649c9f5503460f9495f12e/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Mood Disorders
Bipolar disorder – extremes variable self-esteem, sleep patterns rapid, frequent speech / little speech racing thoughts / depressed affect
![Page 22: The human spirit is more powerful than any drug. It needs to be nourished with work, play, friendship, love. The simplest things. The things we have forgotten.”](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649c9f5503460f9495f12e/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Bipolar – PET Scans
![Page 23: The human spirit is more powerful than any drug. It needs to be nourished with work, play, friendship, love. The simplest things. The things we have forgotten.”](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649c9f5503460f9495f12e/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Mood Disorders - Interventions
Social skills –
Social support –
Thought substitution –
![Page 24: The human spirit is more powerful than any drug. It needs to be nourished with work, play, friendship, love. The simplest things. The things we have forgotten.”](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649c9f5503460f9495f12e/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Mood Disorders - Treatments
Antidepressants – SRI’s (Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors)
(Prozac) Lithium- mineral salt (for Bipolar I)
ECT (Electroconvulsive therapy)
![Page 25: The human spirit is more powerful than any drug. It needs to be nourished with work, play, friendship, love. The simplest things. The things we have forgotten.”](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649c9f5503460f9495f12e/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Personality Disorders
Antisocial -> Violates rights of others without guilt or remorse Delinquent : stealing, fire-setting, forgery, law-breaking
Psychopathic: human victimizers
![Page 26: The human spirit is more powerful than any drug. It needs to be nourished with work, play, friendship, love. The simplest things. The things we have forgotten.”](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649c9f5503460f9495f12e/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Personality Disorders
Psychopaths
* Chemical
* EnvironmentalTreatment
Drugs to raise serotonin levels 2/3rds – no long-term improvement
![Page 27: The human spirit is more powerful than any drug. It needs to be nourished with work, play, friendship, love. The simplest things. The things we have forgotten.”](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649c9f5503460f9495f12e/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Personality Disorders – other examples
Paranoid – Schizotypical –
Histrionic – Obsessive-compulsive – Dependent –
![Page 28: The human spirit is more powerful than any drug. It needs to be nourished with work, play, friendship, love. The simplest things. The things we have forgotten.”](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649c9f5503460f9495f12e/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Schizophrenia
Affects thought, attention, perception, motor functions & emotions
Identifiable gene directly linked on Chromosome # 6 ( 48-83% in twins)
![Page 29: The human spirit is more powerful than any drug. It needs to be nourished with work, play, friendship, love. The simplest things. The things we have forgotten.”](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649c9f5503460f9495f12e/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Schizophrenia Type I: + symptoms ->Type II:
Neurology – biological basis
Ventricles – larger–> Thalamus – smaller -> Frontal Lobe – PET scan data
Diathesis Theory – Combination of genetic predisposition interacting with life stressors
![Page 30: The human spirit is more powerful than any drug. It needs to be nourished with work, play, friendship, love. The simplest things. The things we have forgotten.”](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649c9f5503460f9495f12e/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Dissociative Disorders
Dissociative Identity Disorder – formerly known as “Multiple Personality”