The Human Population

Chapter 9 Notes

Developed Nations have strong social support systems (schools, healthcare, etc.), diverse industrial economies, higher average incomes, slower population growth Ex. US, Japan

Developing nations have simple agricultural economies, lower incomes, few support systems, and more rapid population growth. Ex. Mexico, Haiti

When demographers study the populations of countries, how do developed and developing nations differ?

Developed countries such as the US and Japan generally have higher average incomes, slower population growth, diverse industrial economies, and stronger social support systems.Developing countries have lower avg. incomes, simple and agricultural based economies, and rapid population growth.

Human Population over time

Industrial Rev.

Population Growth by Region

What are 4 things demographers use to predict population sizes?A. Age Structures/Population Pyramids—

distribution of ages at a certain time.

B. Survivorship—percentage of members of a group that are likely to survive to any given age

C. Fertility Rates—# of babies born each year per 1000 women or Total fertility rate is the avg. # of children a women has in her lifetime.

D. Migration—movement of individuals into or out of a country

Net Migration Flows

Why have death rates declined over the past 200 years?

More people now have access to adequate food, clean water, and safe sewage disposal. Discovery of vaccines Life expectancy (1900 world avg. was 41; Today it is about 67)Infant mortality rate is declining because of parents’ access to education, food, fuel, and clean water….NOT money!!

Demographic Transition

Stage 1Preindustrial conditionBirth rate is HighDeath rate is HighStable population sizeMost of world until about 1700

Stage 2Population Explosion—hygiene, nutrition, and education improveDeath rates LowBirth rates remain High

Stage 3Population growth slows/stabilizesBirth rate LowDeath rate LowIndustrial societies

Stages 4 and 5Post Industrial societiesBirth rate drops below replacement level so population begins to DECREASE (Japan)

What influence does the education of women have on reproductive rates?

EDUCATED WOMEN HAVE LESS BABIES!! (usually )Ecomonic independenceFamily planning methodsProper care for children increases chances they will survive

Problems of Rapid Population Growth

Shortage of fuelwood—boil water/cook foodLack of infrastructure—local used for drinking as well as disposal of sewage (1 BILLION people worldwide lack safe drinking water)Space to Live—more houses mean less land to grow food (arable land)

Strategies for reducing pop. growthReducing fertility rates by public advertising, economic incentives, or legal punishmentsICPD Goals for 2015 (Int’l Conference on Pop. And Development)

-universal access to family planning/reprod. health-reduce infant mortality rates to less than 35/1000-reduce maternal mortality rates to less than 60/100,000-Increase life expectancy to 70-75-universal access to primary educationhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ndWuq6AznmQChina’s 1 child policy—lopsided genders

Predictions?