the human: memory
DESCRIPTION
Slides for HCICourse.comTRANSCRIPT
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human memory
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Chimp_Brain_in_a_jar.jpg
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types of memory
seconds
timescale
short-term memory (STM)
long-term memory (LTM)
mezzanine memory
sensory memory
minutes
hours/days
lifetime
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mechanism
long term – physicalsynapse growth
short term – electrical7±2 neuron firing
mezzanine – chemical?(no ‘proper’ name) LTP (long term potentiation)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:GFPneuron.png
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sensory memory
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at the sensors
after images
habituation
... always sense change
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in the brain
buffers for stimuli received through sensesiconic memory: visual stimuliechoic memory: aural stimuli
... what did you say?haptic memory: tactile stimuli
continuously overwritten
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short-term memory
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short-term memory
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short-term memory (STM)
also called ‘working memory’
scratch-pad for temporary recallrapid access ~ 70msrapid decay ~ 200mslimited time ~ 30s without rehearsallimited capacity – 7± 2 chunk
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Millers 7+/-2
2832
1387430
212348278493202
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421945200110664219452001106642 1945 2001 42 1945 2001 10661066
seven ‘chunks’meaning matters
0121 414 2626
HEC ATR ANU PTH ETR EET
HEHEC ATC ATR ANR ANU PU PTH ETH ETR TR EEEETT
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long-term memory
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long-term memory
repository for all our knowledge... and
who we are
slow access – relative to STM
slowly created – rehearsal
slow decay, if anyhuge or unlimited capacity
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types of (explicit) LTM
episodicserial memory of eventsmay be hard to recall out of order
semantic / declarativestructured memory of facts, concepts, skillslinks and associations
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_Tyger_BM_a_1794.jpg
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associative
concepts linked to one anotherfinding a start point?external cues
recognition vs. recall
e.g. menus vs command line
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explicit memory
episodic & semantic memoryexplicit / conscious
you know that you know
not all memory like that ....
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implicit / tacit knowledge
motor memoriesplaying an instrument
automatic reactionsPavlov and Skinner
expert knowledge
http://www.flickr.com/photos/protographer23/358987856/
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linked
from explicit to implicitproceduralisation
from implicit to explicitintrospection and
externalisation
implicit associations activate explicit recall
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mezzanine memory
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mezzanine memory
what you are doing nowcontext – activates LTM
what you have been doing recently
short-term episodic memory
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where studied
cockpits and control roomssituation awareness
readinglong-term working
memory
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Swiss_Saab_2000_Cockpit.jpg
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reliable memories?
Charlotte walked through the door ...
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semantic not photographic
all memories are constructed confabulation
false memories
e.g. Deb Roy @ MIT, first steps
perception
encode
memories
reconstruct