Myopic eye

Correction using concave lens

Hypermetropic eye

Correction using convex lens

Incident ray

Refracted ray

Emergent ray

Di r

Air Glass Glass Air

Glass prism

e Angle of emergence

Angle of deviationNormal

Beam of white lightSpectrum

ROYG

IB

V

Glass prism

R

VV

R R

VWhite light

White light

Glass prisms

Sunlight

Raindrop

Red Violet

Refraction and dispersionInternal reflection

Observer

Refraction

Apparent position

Real position

Eye

Star

Increasingrefractive indexof atmosphere

Earth

ObserverSunriseSunset

Apparent positionApparent position

AtmosphereHorizon Horizon

Real position Real position

Observer

Sun near horizon

Sun overhead

Blue light scattered awaySun appears reddish

Atmosphere

Earth