the human body in health and...

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

• Define and spell the word parts used to create terms for the humanbody

• Identify the building blocks, organ systems, and cavities of the body• Identify the anatomical planes and regions and directional terms used

to describe areas of the body• Break down and define common medical terms used for symptoms,

diseases, disorders, procedures, treatments, and devices associatedwith the human body

• Build medical terms from the word parts associated with the humanbody

• Pronounce and spell common medical terms associated with thehuman body

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The Human Body in Healthand Disease

CHAPTER 2

MULTIMEDIA FOUND IN THE POWERPOINT LECTURE OUTLINE

Videos

1. MRI2. Ultrasound

Animation

1. PET scan

M02_WING-IRM_02_C02.QXD 8/28/12 7:36 PM 5

INSTRUCTIONAL GOAL: RECOGNIZE THE PREFIXES, COMBINING FORMS, AND SUFFIXES INTRODUCED IN THIS CHAPTER

• Quiz 2.1• Text page(s) 28

Teaching Strategies

• Create flash cards for the new combining forms and suffixes.• Use a PowerPoint presentation for students who are visual learners.

Practical Activity

Perform activities provided by the interactive student media.

Content Abstract

Prefixes of the Human Body

1. ana- up, toward, apart2. bi- two3. epi- upon, over, above, on top4. hypo- under, below normal5. uni- one

Combining Forms of the Human Body

1. abdomen/o abdomen, abdominal cavity2. anter/o, anteri/o front3. brachi/o arm4. card/o, cardi/o heart5. caud/o tail6. cephal/o head7. cervic/o cervix, neck8. chondr/o, chondri/o gristle, cartilage9. chron/o time

10. cran/o, crani/o skull, cranium11. dist/o away12. dors/o back13. eti/o cause (of disease)14. femor/o thigh15. gastr/o stomach16. gen/o formation, cause, produce17. glut/o buttock18. hom/o, home/o sameness, unchanging19. iatr/o, iatri/o to heal

16 Chapter 2

M02_WING-IRM_02_C02.QXD 8/28/12 7:36 PM Page 16

20. idi/o person, self21. ili/o flank, hip, groin22. infect/o to enter, invade23. infer/o, inferi/o below24. inguin/o groin25. later/o side26. lumb/o loin, lower back27. medi/o middle28. path/o disease29. pelv/o pelvis, washbasin30. physi/o nature31. poster/o, posteri/o back32. proxim/o near33. spin/o spine thorn34. super/o, superi/o above35. thorac/o chest, thorax36. tom/o to cut37. umbilic/o navel38. ventr/o front, belly

Suffixes of the Human Body

1. -ad toward2. -al pertaining to3. -ar pertaining to4. -graphy process of recording5. -ic pertaining to6. -ion act or process7. -ior pertaining to8. -logist one who studies9. -stasis standing still

10. -y process of

INSTRUCTIONAL GOAL: GAIN THE ABILITY TO PRONOUNCE AND SPELL THE MEDICAL TERMS AND MAJOR ANATOMICAL STRUCTURES


Teaching Strategies

• Say each new term in class and have the students repeat.• Stress the importance of using instructional aids to practice pronunciation.

The Human Body in Health and Disease 17


Practical Activity

Instruct the student to practice saying each word and to refer to the audioglossary on the student media as needed.

Content Abstract

Pronunciation for medical terms in this chapter can be found in the:

• Text, in parentheses following the terms• Say It–Spell It exercises, listed to the left• Audio glossary on the website

INSTRUCTIONAL GOAL: ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OVERVIEW

Teaching Strategy

Break the terms into word part components and discuss the origin of each part.

Practical Activity

Assign students an organ from one of the body systems and have thempresent their findings in class.

Content Abstract

1. Anatomy—study of body structure2. Physiology—study of body function3. Homeostasis—process of maintaining internal stability

INSTRUCTIONAL GOAL: RECOGNIZING THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF THE BODY


Teaching Strategy

Refer to Table 2.1.

Content Abstract

1. Atoms and molecules—nonliving particles that are capable of combin-ing to form more complex structures

2. Cell—the most basic living unit3. Tissue—combination of similar cells that share a common goal4. Organ—combination of two or more different types of tissues to form

a structure that performs a general function

18 Chapter 2


5. Organ system—combination of organs and associated structures thatshare a common goal

6. Organism—the whole, complete human body that is capable of survival

INSTRUCTIONAL GOAL: LEARN DIRECTIONALTERMS


Teaching Strategy

Refer to Figure 2.2.

Practical Activity

Have the students stand in front of the class and motion to indicate eachdirectional term and body plane.

Content Abstract

Directional terms are words that are used to describe the relative locationof the body or its parts. They are as follows:

• Anatomical position—an erect posture with the arms at the sides, palmsof the hands facing forward, and legs together with feet pointing forward

• Superior—pertaining to above a reference point• Inferior—pertaining to below a reference point• Anterior—pertaining to the front• Posterior—pertaining to the back• Medial—toward the middle• Lateral—pertaining to the side• Proximal—pertaining to near a point of reference• Distal—pertaining to away from a point of reference• Ventral—pertaining to the belly• Dorsal—pertaining to the back• Cephalic—pertaining to the head

INSTRUCTIONAL GOAL: LEARN ANATOMICALPLANES


Practical Activity

Have the students stand in front of the class and motion to indicate eachdirectional term and body plane.



Content Abstract

A plane is an imaginary flat field that is used as a point of reference for view-ing three-dimensional objects.

Anatomical planes are used to help describe the location of areas ofthe body relative to one another. They are as follows:

1. Frontal or coronal plane—vertical plane that passes through thebody from side to side, dividing the body into anterior and posteriorportions

2. Sagittal plane—vertical plane that passes through the body from frontto back, dividing the body into right and left portions (a parasagittalplane is an unequal division, and a midsagittal plane is an equal divi-sion along the midline)

3. Transverse plane—horizontal plane that divides the body into supe-rior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions

INSTRUCTIONAL GOAL: LEARN ANATOMICALREGIONS

• Quiz 2.2• Text page(s) 33-34

Teaching Strategies

• Refer to Figure 2.4.• Refer to Figure 2.5.

Practical Activity

Have the students stand in front of the class and motion to indicate eachanatomical region.

Content Abstract

Regions of the body are external and have been given names to providemedical health workers the ability to communicate possible problems thatmay be revealed during a physical exam.

The abdominal region is also divided into smaller regions to assistmedical health workers in locating and communicating medical problemswith greater accuracy. The divisions include:

• Epigastric region—located above the belly• Hypogastric region—located below the belly• Hypochondriac region—just below the cartilage of the ribs• Iliac region—on either side of the hypogastric region• Lumbar region—on either side of the umbilical region• Umbilical region—area that contains the navel

20 Chapter 2


The abdominal region may also be divided into four quadrants. Theyinclude:

• Right upper quadrant (RUQ)• Left upper quadrant (LUQ)• Right lower quadrant (RLQ)• Left lower quadrant (LLQ)

INSTRUCTIONAL GOAL: LEARN BODY CAVITIES


Teaching Strategy

Refer to Figure 2.6.

Practical Activity

Have the students stand in front of the class and motion to indicate eachbody cavity.

Content Abstract

The following terms are related to the body and its cavities:

• Central trunk—the torso• Appendages—attached to the torso; include the head, arms, and legs• Cavities—the spaces located inside the trunk and head• Viscera—the internal contents of the body, which are located inside the

cavities• Diaphragm—a sheet of muscle that separates the thoracic and abdom-

inal cavities• Abdominopelvic cavity—the abdominal and pelvic cavities are not separated

The two main cavities of the body are:

• Dorsal cavity• Ventral cavity

INSTRUCTIONAL GOAL: GETTING TO THE ROOT OF IT—ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY TERMS

• Quiz 2.2• Text page(s) 36-38

Teaching Strategy

Refer to Figure 2.4. Use a model skeleton to identify each area as the termis discussed.



22 Chapter 2

Practical Activity

Visit the student media for additional exercises in defining medical terms.

Content Abstract

WR/DEF Medical Term Definitionabdomin/ abdominal cavity space inside the belly or abdomen; viscera include the abdomen stomach, pancreas, spleen, liver, and most of the intestines

abdominal region belly region or abdomen, which contains several more spe-cific regions including the epigastric, hypogastric,hypochondriac, iliac, lumbar, and umbilical regions

abdominopelvic body cavity that encompasses both the abdominal andcavity pelvic cavities

anteri/front anterior pertaining to the front

brachi/arm brachial region region of the body that pertains to the arm; also called thearm region

cardi/heart cardiovascular body system that circulates blood throughout the bodysystem via the heart and blood vessels

caud/tail caudal pertaining to the tail

cephal/head cephalic region region of the body that pertains to the head; also called thehead region

cervic/neck cervical region region of the body that pertains to the neck; also called theneck region

chondr/cartilage hypochondriac part of the abdominal region specific to the area just belowregion the cartilages of the ribs, which includes a right and left

hypochondriac region on either side of the epigastric re-gion; also called the infrachondral region

cran, crani/head cranial pertaining to the head

cranial cavity space inside the cranium; viscera include the brain

dist/away from distal pertaining to away from a point of reference

dors/back dorsal pertaining to the back

dorsal cavity contains the cranial and spinal cavities

femor/thigh femoral region region of the body pertaining to the thigh; also called thethigh region

gastr/stomach epigastric region part of the abdominal region specific to the area abovethe belly

hypogastric region part of the abdominal region specific to the area belowthe belly

femor/thigh femoral region region of the body that pertains to the thigh; also called thethigh region

glut/buttock gluteal region region of the body pertaining to the buttock; also called thebuttock region



hom, home/same homeostasis process of maintaining internal stability

ili/thigh, groin left iliac region part of the abdominal region specific to the area locatedto the left of the hypogastric region

right iliac region part of the abdominal region specific to the area locatedto the right of the hypogastric region

infer, inferi/below inferior pertaining to below a reference point

inguin/groin inguinal region region of the body pertaining to the groin; also called thegroin region

lumb/loin or left lumbar region part of the abdominal region specific to the area locatedlower back to the left of the umbilical region

right lumbar abdominal region specific to the area located to the rightregion of the umbilical region

medi/middle medial toward the middle

mediolateral pertaining to the middle and to the side

pelv/washbasin, pelvic cavity space inside the pelvic area; viscera include urinary bladder, pelvis part of intestines, internal reproductive organs, and rectum

physi/nature physiologist one who studies the nature of living things

physiology study of the nature of living things

poster, posterior pertaining to the backposteri/back

posterolateral pertaining to the back and to the side

posteroanterior pertaining to the back and to the front

proxim/near proximal pertaining to near to a point of reference

spin/spine, spinal cavity space inside the spinal column (also called the vertebral canal); thorn viscera include the spinal cord

super, superior pertaining to above a reference pointsuperi/above

superolateral pertaining to above and to the side

thorac/chest thoracic cavity space inside the chest or thorax; viscera include heart,aorta, lungs, esophagus, bronchi

thoracic region region of the body pertaining to the chest; also called thechest region or thorax

tom/to cut anatomical body position that is used as a reference for directionalposition terms; an erect posture with the arms at the sides, palms

of the hands facing forward, and legs together with thefeet pointing forward

anatomy science of body structure

umbilic/navel umbilical region area of the abdomen that contains the navel

ventr/belly ventral pertaining to the belly

ventral cavity contains the thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities


24 Chapter 2

INSTRUCTIONAL GOAL: LEARN OTHER IMPORTANT TERMS


Teaching Strategy

Have the students add these new terms to their flash cards.

Practical Activity

Tell students to go to Cell and Developmental Biology Online at http://www.uoguelph.ca/zoology/devobio/210labs/planes1.htm to review planesof section.

Content Abstract

Medical Term DefinitionCardiovascular system body system that circulates blood throughout the

body via the heart and blood vessels

Digestive system body system that converts food into a form thebody can use for energy, growth, and repair; organs include the tongue, pharynx, esophagus,stomach, liver, salivary glands, pancreas, smallintestine, large intestine, and rectum

Endocrine system body system that regulates body function bysecreting hormones; organs include pituitary gland,thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands,pancreas, thymus, and gonads

Female reproductive female body system that enables reproduction by system producing germ cells; organs include the ovaries,

uterus, fallopian tubes, vagina, and vestibular glands

Integumentary body system that provides a barrier to protect system against fluid loss, physical damage, and invasion

by microorganisms; its major organ is the skin

Lymphatic system body system that recycles body fluid and providesprotection from infection; organs include thespleen, thymus, lymph nodes, and lymphatic vessels

Male reproductive male body system that enables reproduction by system producing germ cells; organs include the testes, epi-

didymis, vas deferens, prostate gland, seminal vesi-cles, bulbourethral glands, and penis

Muscular system body system that enables complex movement; itsprimary organs are the muscles

Nervous system body system that enables perception through thesenses, integrates information to form thoughts andmemories, and controls body movement and many


internal functions; organs include the brain, spinalcord, and nerves

Organ system combination of organs and associated structuresthat share a common goal; there are eleven organsystems in the body

Respiratory system body system that is responsible for bringing oxygeninto the bloodstream; organs include the nose,pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs

Skeletal system body system that provides structure and supportfor other systems and aids in movement; organs in-clude bones and joints

Urinary system body system that performs waste excretion; organsinclude the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, andurethra

INSTRUCTIONAL GOAL: LEARN MEDICAL TERMS OF THE HUMAN BODY

• Quizzes 2.3, 2.4, 2.5• Text page(s) 42

Teaching Strategies

• Have students discuss the various instruments and sites used for tak-ing a temperature.

• Refer to Figure 2.8.• Refer to Figure 2.9.• Refer to Figure 2.10.• Refer to Figure 2.11.

Practical Activity

Visit http://www.petscan.org/ to learn how PET scans are used to diagnosevarious diseases and disorders.

Factoids

• Fever occurs when the body’s internal “thermostat” raises the bodytemperature above its normal level. This thermostat is found in thepart of the brain called the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus knowswhat temperature your body should be (usually around 98.6 degreesFahrenheit, or about 37 degrees Celsius) and sends messages to yourbody to keep it that way.

• The word etiology is mainly used in medicine, where it is the sciencethat deals with the causes or origin of disease, the factors which pro-duce or predispose toward a certain disease or disorder.

• The first PET scanner was introduced in 1975 and was used mainlyfor research.



Content Abstract

Symptoms and Signs

Medical Term DefinitionFever symptom in which body temperature rises above

the normal 98.6°F (37°C)

Pain an unpleasant sensory and emotional experiencethat is associated with tissue damage

Sensation a feeling or mental experience of perceiving anystimuli

Sign abnormality that is discovered by an objective ex-amination

Symptom an appearance or sensation experienced by a pa-tient that deviates from the normal healthy state

Diseases and Disorders

Medical Term DefinitionAcute describes a disease of rapid onset, short duration

and often with a sharp, or severe, effect

Chronic describes a disease of long duration, usually with aslow progression

Disease a state of the body in which homeostasis has fal-tered due to any cause

Iatrogenic describes a disease that is induced by medical treat-ment

Idiopathic describes a disease of unknown cause

Infection invasion and multiplication of parasitic organismswithin the body, such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi

Inflammation response to a trauma that is marked by the symp-toms of redness, swelling, heat, and pain

Sequelae conditions that follow and result from a disease

Trauma wound or injury

Treatments, Procedures, and Devices

CAT (Computed diagnostic scan similar to x-ray, in which data from Axial Tomography) beams of energized particles (x-rays) are Scan computer interpreted to produce a 3-D, cross-

sectional “slice” or image of the body

Diagnosis the determination of the nature of a disease

Endoscopy diagnostic procedure that involves a visual exam-ination using an endoscope, which includes a

26 Chapter 2


camera, fiber optics, and a long, flexible tube thatcan be inserted into the patient

Etiology study of the causes of disease

Examination evaluation made for the purpose of diagnosis byidentifying physical evidence of disease, such assigns and symptoms

MRI (Magnetic diagnostic scan that uses a powerful magnetic field Resonance Imaging) generated within a chamber in which a patient lies;

the field traces the element hydrogen in the patient’sbody, the results of which are the clearest, mostcomplete computer-generated 3-D images of softtissue that are currently possible

Pathologist one who studies disease

Pathology the study of disease

PET (Positron diagnostic scan that employs computers and Emission radioactive substances to examine the metabolic Tomography) Scan activity of various parts of the body and create

color-coded images

Prognosis forecast of the probable cause or outcome of a disease

Ultrasound diagnostic procedure in which harmless sound (Sonography) waves are pulsated through body tissue; the pulse Imaging echoes are converted into images of internal body

structures by computer

INSTRUCTIONAL GOAL: INTERPRET ABBREVIATIONS OF THE HUMAN BODY


Teaching Strategy

Make abbreviation flash cards—shuffle and place the cards face down ona table. Have students randomly make selections and provide the class withthe meanings.

Practical Activity

Have the students use each abbreviation in a sentence.

Content Abstract

Abbreviation Meaningant anterior

AP anteroposterior



CAT scan , CT scan computed axial tomography

inf inferior

lat lateral

med medial

MRI magnetic resonance imaging

PA posteroanterior

PET scan positron emission tomography

pos posterior

sup superior

28 Chapter 2


CHAPTER 2The Human Body in Health and Disease

Worksheet 1

Phonetic Spelling Challenge

Spell each medical term correctly in the space provided.

1. ah NAH tom mee ____________________________

2. fiz ee ALL oh jee ____________________________

3. KAWD all ____________________________

4. hoh mee oh STAY siss ____________________________

5. ab DOM ih nahl ____________________________

6. high poh GAS trik ____________________________

7. ap PEN dah jiz ____________________________

8. DYE ah fram ____________________________

9. dih ZEEZ ____________________________

10. path ALL oh jee ____________________________

11. dye ahg NOH sis ____________________________

12. SIMP tumz ____________________________

13. ah KYOOT ____________________________

14. SEE kwel ee ____________________________

15. KRON ik ____________________________

16. TRAW mah ____________________________



Spelling Challenge

These terms are spelled incorrectly. Spell each term correctly in the space provided.

1. Illiac ________________________________________________________

2. Peracardiol cavity ________________________________________________________

3. Proximil ________________________________________________________

4. Eyetrogenic ________________________________________________________

5. Organeles ________________________________________________________

6. Abdomminal ________________________________________________________

7. Homostasis ________________________________________________________

8. Coronall ________________________________________________________

9. Plural cavity ________________________________________________________

10. Anatonical planes ________________________________________________________

11. Dystal ________________________________________________________

12. Saggital ________________________________________________________

13. Appendeges ________________________________________________________

14. Dorcal ________________________________________________________

15. Thoraxic ________________________________________________________

30 Chapter 2


True/False

Mark each statement as true (T) or false (F).

_______ 1. Anatomical position is an erect posture with the arms at the sides, palms of thehands facing forward, and legs together with the feet pointing forward.

_______ 2. The abdominal cavity contains the urinary bladder, internal reproductive organs, andparts of the small and large intestines.

_______ 3. The term pelvic literally means pertaining to a washbasin.

_______ 4. A pathologist is one who studies disease.

_______ 5. The simplest building block of the body is known as the atom.

_______ 6. Cells are the most basic living unit.

_______ 7. Two or more different tissues combine to form an organ system.

_______ 8. The lymphatic system removes unwanted substances and recycles fluid to the blood.

_______ 9. Superior means pertaining to the back.

_______ 10. The two main cavities of the body are the dorsal cavity and the vertebral cavity.

Fill in the Blank

Fill in the blanks with the correct medical terms from this chapter.

11. Literally meaning the process of cutting up, the study of body structure is called____________________________.

12. The general function of the ____________________________ system is to exchange gases betweenthe external environment and the blood.

13. A frontal or ____________________________ plane is a vertical plane that passes through thebody from side to side, dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions.

14. Dorsal and ____________________________ are interchangeable terms that mean pertaining tothe back.

15. In general, the term ____________________________ refers to a state of the body in which home-ostasis has faltered due to any cause.

16. A ____________________________ ____________________________ is a diagnostic procedure thatcombines multiple x-rays and computer enhancement to produce three-dimensional images ofinternal body structures.

17. Derived from the Greek word for time, kronos, ____________________________ diseases usu-ally develop slowly and last for many years.



18. The body’s basic design consists of a central trunk, or torso, with attached____________________________, or limbs.

19. The term ____________________________ is defined as pertaining to away of a point of reference.

20. The term ____________________________ means pertaining to the back.

Short Answer

Write the definition for each of the following terms.

21. Epigastric ________________________________________________________

22. Diaphragm ________________________________________________________

23. Sign ________________________________________________________

24. Chronic ________________________________________________________

25. Lateral ________________________________________________________

Word Search

Fill in the blanks with the correct medical terms from this chapter, and then find each term in the word-search puzzle that follows.

1. ____________________________is the study of the causes of disease.

2. The function of the ____________________________ system is to convert food material into amolecular form that can be absorbed by the bloodstream and transported to body cells fornourishment.

3. The general function of the ____________________________ system is to control homeostasis byreleasing hormones into the bloodstream.

4. ____________________________ means pertaining to the front.

5. The process of maintaining internal stability is a central concept of human physiology and iscalled ____________________________.

6. The ____________________________ is a nonliving particle that is capable of combining withanother to form more complex structures.

7. ____________________________ means on top of the belly.

8. When looking at the body as a whole, you will notice that its basic design consists of a centraltrunk or torso with attached ____________________________, or limbs.

9. A(n) ____________________________ plane is a horizontal plane that divides the body intosuperior and inferior portions.

32 Chapter 2


10. The primary function of the cardiovascular system is to ____________________________ vitalsubstances throughout the body.

11. The cavity that is superior to the diaphragm is the ____________________________ cavity.

12. A(n) ____________________________ plane is a vertical plane that divides the body into rightand left portions.


YNH T T R O P S N A R T J

RLO S A G I T T A L X T F

XAM C I R T S A G I P E M

NBE E N D O C R I N E S V

ZSO T L N F M K M L X R C

ETS B E Z Z C D Z M A E E

FNT G K R I M R Y T Y V Y

TDA M A C I W M O V I S G

RTS W A D L O M X T L N O

MFI R K M N Q R S F D A L

OCS M C N Q E E L Y G R O

NHX Q W T L G P Q Z L T I

MQT L R D I W T P F M W T

VTT W B D J Q Z W A Q L E



Worksheet 2

Dictation Report

Write each numbered term as you hear it, spelling each term correctly. This exercise will help youlearn to hear, comprehend, visualize, and spell the new medical terms accurately.

The study of body structure is called (1) ____________________________.

(2) ____________________________ refers to the study of the nature of living things and how they

work. Understanding of both is important to understanding (3) ____________________________

within the body.

The body is made up of tiny particles known as (4) ____________________________, which make

up (5) ____________________________, which make up (6) ____________________________, which

make up (7) ____________________________, which make up (8) ____________________________,

which make up eleven different body (9) ____________________________. Every part of the body

works in concert with the rest of the body to keep the body functioning.

The body systems include the (10) ____________________________ system, the

(11) ____________________________ system, the (12) ____________________________ system, the




(19) ____________________________ system, and the (20) ____________________________ system. The

body is divided into (21) ____________________________, (22) ____________________________, and

(23) ____________________________.

34 Chapter 2



Medical terminology also uses special terms to describe direction within the body. Directional

terms are always based on the body standing in (24) ____________________________, or erect

posture with the arms at the sides, palms of the hands facing forward, and legs together with the

feet pointing forward. Such terms as (25) ____________________________ and

(26) ____________________________, referencing up and down, (27) ____________________________

and (28) ____________________________, referencing front and back, and

(29) ____________________________ and (30) ____________________________, referencing attachment

to the trunk, help us describe the body.



Worksheet 1 Answers

Phonetic Spelling Challenge

36 Chapter 2

1. Anatomy2. Physiology3. Caudal4. Homeostasis5. Abdominal6. Hypogastric7. Appendages8. Diaphragm

9. Disease10. Pathology11. Diagnosis12. Symptoms13. Acute14. Sequelae15. Chronic16. Trauma

1. Iliac2. Pericardial cavity3. Proximal4. Iatrogenic5. Organelles6. Abdominal7. Homeostasis8. Coronal

9. Pleural cavity10. Anatomical planes11. Distal12. Sagittal13. Appendages14. Dorsal15. Thoracic

Spelling Challenge

1. T2. F3. T4. T5. T

6. T7. F8. T9. F

10. F

True/False

11. anatomy12. respiratory13. coronal14. posterior15. disease

16. CAT (or CT) scan17. chronic18. appendages19. distal20. posterior

Fill in the Blank



Short Answer

21. On top of the stomach22. A muscular partition that divides the ventral cavity into thoracic and abdominal cavities23. A finding that can be discovered by an objective examination24. Describes a disease of long duration25. Toward the side

1. etiology2. digestive3. endocrine4. anterior5. homeostasis6. atom

7. epigastric8. appendages9. transverse

10. transport11. thoracic12. sagittal

Word Search

YN T T R O P S N A R T J

RL S A G I T T A L X T F

X C I R T S A G I P M

B E N D O C R I N E V

Z L N F M K M L X C

T B Z Z D Z M

FN K M R Y Y

TD M W M V

RT W L

A

T

O

M X L

MF K M Q

A

N

T

E

R

I

O

R F D

C

H

O

M

E

O

S

T

A

S

I

S M C N Q L Y G

NX Q W T L Q Z L

E

S

R

E

V

S

N

A

R

T

MQ

C

I

C

A

R

O

H

T L R D W T F M W

VTT W B

E

I

T

S

E

G

I

D J Q Z W

S

E

G

A

D

N

E

P

P

A Q L

Y

G

O

L

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I

T

E



Worksheet 2 Answers

Dictation Report

Read this passage aloud. Learners will write each numbered term as they hear it, spelling each termcorrectly. This exercise will help learners learn to hear, comprehend, visualize, and spell the newmedical terms accurately.

The study of body structure is called (1) anatomy. (2) Physiology refers to the study of the na-

ture of living things and how they work. Understanding of both is important to understanding

(3) homeostasis within the body.

The body is made up of tiny particles known as (4) atoms, which make up (5) molecules, which

make up (6) cells, which make up (7) tissue, which make up (8) organs, which make up eleven differ-

ent body (9) systems. Every part of the body works in concert with the rest of the body to keep the

body functioning.

The body systems include the (10) respiratory system, the (11) digestive system, the

(12) cardiovascular system, the (13) lymphatic system, the (14) urinary system, the (15) reproductive

system, the (16) nervous system, the (17) endocrine system, the (18) skeletal system, the (19) muscular

system, and the (20) integumentary system. The body is divided into (21) regions, (22) cavities, and

(23) planes.

Medical terminology also uses special terms to describe direction within the body. Directional

terms are always based on the body standing in (24) anatomical position, or erect posture with the

arms at the sides, palms of the hands facing forward, and legs together with the feet pointing for-

ward. Such terms as (25) superior and (26) inferior, referencing up and down, (27) anterior and

(28) posterior, referencing front and back, and (29) proximal and (30) distal, referencing attach-

ment to the trunk, help us describe the body.

38 Chapter 2


the human body in health and...

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