the human body chapter 30 digestive and excretory systems
TRANSCRIPT
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The HUMAN BODY
Chapter 30
Digestive and Excretory Systems
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Chapter 30.1 Organization
• Objectives– Describe how the human
body is organized.– Explain homeostasis.
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ORGANIZATION
• Cells• Tissues• Organs• Organ Systems• Organisms
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Tissue Types• Muscle Tissue- can contract
and shorten for movement• Connective Tissue- provides
support and connects all parts of the body
• Nerve Tissue- carries messages back and forth from body to brain and spinal cord
• Epithelial Tissue- forms a protective surface inside and outside of the body (glands, too)
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Organ Systems• Organs made of tissue make up
the organ systems:• These systems are interconnected
– Skeletal– Muscular– Integumentary– Digestive– Circulatory– Respiratory– Excretory– Immune– Endocrine– Nervous– Reproductive
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Homeostasis
• Process by which organisms keep internal conditions relatively constant (balance)– Ex. Shiver when
cold to heat up
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Check-inWhat tissue type:
– Carries messages between brain and body• Nervous tissue
– Provides support and connects parts of body• Connective tissue
– Contracts and shortens for movement• Muscle tissue
– Forms protective surface• Epithelial tissue
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Chapter 30.2 Food Nutrition
• Objectives– Identify essential nutrients
needed by your body and explain how each is important
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Nutrition
• Food supplies us with the following:– Energy– Materials for body
processes• Growth
• Repair
• Maintenance
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Nutrients
• Water
• Carbohydrates
• Fats (Lipids)
• Proteins
• Vitamins
• Minerals
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Check-in• What two things does food supply us with?
– Energy and raw materials for body processes
• What is the most important nutrient?– Water
• Organic molecule that regulates body processes– Vitamins
• Main source of energy– Carbohydrates
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Chapter 30.3 Digestive System
• Objectives– Describe the organs of the
digestive system and their functions.
– Explain what happens during digestion.
– Describe how nutrients are absorbed and wastes are eliminated.
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Digestive System
• Function: To break down and absorb nutrients from food to provide the body with energy
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Types of Digestion
• Mechanical Digestion:– Food is physically
broken into smaller pieces
– Ex. Teeth
• Chemical Digestion:– Food is changed at the
molecular level
– Ex. Gastric Juices
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Path of Digestion
• Mouth– Mechanical: use teeth and
tongue to mechanically break down food
– Chemical: saliva breaks starchessugars
• Esophagus– Passage from mouth to stomach
– Adds mucous to ball of food
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Path of Digestion
• Stomach– Chemical: Gastric juices
(Pepsin and Hydrochloric Acid) to break down proteins
– Mechanical: Stomach churns food into a soupy substance: chyme
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Path of Digestion
• Small Intestine– Food is broken down with various juices
and then the nutrients are absorbed *lined with villi- finger-like projections that
increase surface area for absorption
– Mechanical: Bile from the liver/gall bladder emulsifies fats (breaks into globs)
– Chemical: Intestinal and Pancreatic juices break down fats, carbohydrates, and proteins
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Path of Digestion
• Large Intestine– Absorbs water and
vitamins from undigested waste
• Rectum– Storage area for waste
• Anus– Place where waste
exits the body
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Accessory Organs of Digestion• Salivary Glands
– Produce salivary amylase to break down carbohydrates
• Liver– Produces bile to emulsify fats
• Gall Bladder– Stores the bile made by the liver
• Pancreas– Produces pancreatic juices to
break down fats (Lipase), carbs (Amylase), and proteins (Trypsin)
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Digestion Video
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XxvRbxhqoZk&feature=related
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Check-in • Type of digestion in which food is
physically broken into smaller pieces– Mechanical digestion
• Trace the path food takes on its trip through the digestive system– Mouth esophogusstomachsmall
intestinelarge intestinerectumanus
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Check-in • Where are proteins digested (and by what)?
– Stomach (gastric juice – pepsin/HCl), Sm. Intestine (pancreatic juice – trypsin)
• Where are carbs digested (and by what)?– Mouth (amylase),
Sm. Intestine (pancreatic and intestinal juice)
• Where are fats digested (and by what)?– Sm. Intestine (pancreatic juice)
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Check-in • Where is bile made / stored?
– Made in liver and stored in gall bladder
• Where are nutrients absorbed?– Small intestine (major of nutrients) and
large intestine (water and vitamins)
• Describe the mechanical digestion in each organ of digestive system.– Mouth (chewing), stomach (churning by
muscles), Sm. Intestine (bile emulsifies fat)
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Chapter 30.4 Excretory System
• Objectives– Describe the organs of the
excretory system and their functions.
– Describe how the kidneys maintain homeostasis.
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EXCRETORY SYSTEM
• Function– Removes various wastes
from the body to maintain homeostasis
– Ex. Urine, Sweat, Breath
Video clip
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Main Excretory Organ
• Kidneys- – filter waste (urine) from
blood • enters through renal artery
• exits through renal vein
*Nephrons- individual filtering units of kidney
– maintain blood pH– regulate blood volume
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Other Excretory Organs
• Liver- filter wastes from blood, detoxifies
• Skin- excretes sweat, oil
• Lungs- remove H2O and Carbon Dioxide
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Check-in
• What are the functions of the kidney?– Filter wastes from blood, regulate blood pH,
regulate blood volume
• What organ excretes carbon dioxide and water?– Lungs
• What organ detoxifies the blood?– Liver