the homefront. fdr utilizes propaganda fighting for the four freedoms freedom of speech freedom of...
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The Homefront
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FDR Utilizes Propaganda
Fighting for the Four FreedomsFreedom of SpeechFreedom of WorshipFreedom from WantFreedom from Fear
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OCD: Office of Civilian Defense
FDR: “Contribute an hour a day for the USA.” Volunteer air raid wardens
Blackouts enforced to conserve energy
“Spy the Sky” You never know when the enemy might attack
Grow a “Victory Garden” 40% of vegetables produced during the war were grown by
citizens, in their personal gardens
Recycle, reuse Patriotic to contribute newspaper, rubber, aluminum, tin, etc.
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OWI: Office of War Information
Coordinated war news from federal bureaucracy Newspapers, radio & movies used to inform all Americans of
progress & policies Government enlists the help of Hollywood & Celebes
Warner Brothers: Army Air Force First Motion Picture Unit Training videos Recruiting propaganda (Jimmy Stewart) Roles of Civilians
“Pinups” Betty Grable & Rita Hayworth
Bob Hope organizes the USO (United Service Org.)
to entertain the troops!
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An Economic Shift
Relief and Recovery achievedGNP: $90.5 Billion (‘39) to $212 Billion (’45)17 million jobs created
Overtime available to whomever wanted it New workers needed
Female employment raises from 25% to 34% Total of 6 million
Rosie the Riveter Many wanted to continue to work, forced to leave!
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WPB: War Productions Board
December 7, 1941 15% of Industry devoted to war production
WPB Goal Convince industry to switch from civilian to military production Out with consumer goods, in with products of war Need: 300,000 planes, 86,000 tanks, 76,000 ships, 2.6 million
machine guns, 40 billion bullets
Success New plant constructed with government help Merchant ships: 105 days to construct (’41) to 14 days (’45) Some plants ordered to slow down!
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Economic Problems Persist
Full employment spurs consumerism Better wages creates increase demand
25% hourly wage increase 70% weekly salary increase
Short supply of consumer goods leads to price increase for “luxury” items
Inflation not far behind NWLB: National War Labor Board
Purpose: control rapid inflation (15% in 3 yrs) CPI (consumer price index) indicates wages and price
rose in conjunction with one another.
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OPA: Office of Price Administration
Goal: reduce demand Procedure
Set price ceilings (maximums) Institute rationing system
Coupons needed to purchase food, gas, shoes, etc First national speed limit created (gas & rubber)
Determined by size of the family, occupation, etc Most families, 4 gallons of gas a week
Violations: 10 years in prison, $10,000 fine Black market created
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Paying for the War
Estimated $321 Billion to fight the war Only 40% generate from taxes
1942 – Revenue Act establishes federal income tax 1913 – first federal income tax law written For the first time, individuals and corporations mandated to pay tax
on the money they made the previous year. 1943 – Employers offer payroll deduction as option
Liberty Bonds sold again Generate 60% of war budget Hollywood recruited once again Stamp collections
Kids encouraged to help ($18.75 investment, 10 years later $25)