The History of the The History of the InternetInternet

19621962Paul Baran, of the RAND Corporation (a Paul Baran, of the RAND Corporation (a

government agency), was commissioned by government agency), was commissioned by the U.S. Air Force to do a study on how it could the U.S. Air Force to do a study on how it could maintain its command and control over its maintain its command and control over its missiles and bombers, after a nuclear attack. missiles and bombers, after a nuclear attack.

19681968The physical network was constructed in 1969, The physical network was constructed in 1969,

linking the University of California at Los linking the University of California at Los Angeles, SRI (in Stanford), University of Angeles, SRI (in Stanford), University of California at Santa Barbara, and University of California at Santa Barbara, and University of Utah. Utah.

19721972 The first e-mail program was created by The first e-mail program was created by

Ray Tomlinson of BBN allowing Ray Tomlinson of BBN allowing communications between hosts running on communications between hosts running on the same network. the same network.

19731973 Development began on the protocol later Development began on the protocol later

to be called TCP/IP, which allowed different to be called TCP/IP, which allowed different computer networks to interconnect and computer networks to interconnect and communicate with each other.communicate with each other.

19741974First Use of term First Use of term InternetInternet by Vint by Vint

Cerf and Bob Kahn in paper on Cerf and Bob Kahn in paper on Transmission Control Protocol.Transmission Control Protocol.

19761976Dr. Robert M. Metcalfe develops Dr. Robert M. Metcalfe develops

Ethernet, which allowed coaxial cable Ethernet, which allowed coaxial cable to move data extremely fast. This to move data extremely fast. This network linked the United States with network linked the United States with Europe. Europe.

19791979USENET (the decentralized news group USENET (the decentralized news group

network) was created by Steve Bellovin, a network) was created by Steve Bellovin, a graduate student at University of North graduate student at University of North Carolina, and programmers Tom Truscott Carolina, and programmers Tom Truscott and Jim Ellis.and Jim Ellis.

19831983On January 1st, every machine connected to On January 1st, every machine connected to

ARPANET had to use TCP/IP. TCP/IP became ARPANET had to use TCP/IP. TCP/IP became the core Internet protocol and replaced NCP the core Internet protocol and replaced NCP entirely. This made it much easier for entirely. This made it much easier for people to access other servers, because people to access other servers, because they no longer had to remember numbers.they no longer had to remember numbers.

19841984Upgrade to CSNET was Upgrade to CSNET was contracted to MCI. New circuits contracted to MCI. New circuits would be T1 lines,1.5 Mbps which would be T1 lines,1.5 Mbps which is twenty-five times faster than is twenty-five times faster than the old 56 Kbps lines.the old 56 Kbps lines.

19851985The National Science Foundation The National Science Foundation began deploying its new T1 lines, began deploying its new T1 lines, which would be finished by 1988.which would be finished by 1988.

19881988Soon after the completion of the T1 Soon after the completion of the T1

NSFNET backbone, traffic increased so NSFNET backbone, traffic increased so quickly that plans immediately began quickly that plans immediately began on upgrading the network again.on upgrading the network again.

19911991CSNET (which consisted of 56Kbps lines) CSNET (which consisted of 56Kbps lines)

was discontinued having fulfilled its was discontinued having fulfilled its important early role in the provision of important early role in the provision of academic networking service. academic networking service.

19921992Internet Society is chartered. World-Wide Web Internet Society is chartered. World-Wide Web

released by CERN. NSFNET backbone released by CERN. NSFNET backbone upgraded to T3 (44.736Mbps)upgraded to T3 (44.736Mbps)

19931993InterNIC created by NSF to provide specific InterNIC created by NSF to provide specific

Internet services: directory and database Internet services: directory and database services (by AT&T), registration services services (by AT&T), registration services (by Network Solutions Inc.), and (by Network Solutions Inc.), and information services (by General information services (by General Atomics/CERFnet).Atomics/CERFnet).

19941994No major changes were made to the physical No major changes were made to the physical

network. Hundreds of thousands of new hosts were network. Hundreds of thousands of new hosts were added to the INTERNET during this time period. added to the INTERNET during this time period. Pizza Hut offers pizza ordering on its Web page. Pizza Hut offers pizza ordering on its Web page. First Virtual, the first cyberbank, opens. First Virtual, the first cyberbank, opens.

19961996Currently the Internet Society, is trying to figure out Currently the Internet Society, is trying to figure out

new TCP/IP to be able to have billions of addresses, new TCP/IP to be able to have billions of addresses, rather than the limited system of today. The rather than the limited system of today. The problem that has arisen is that it is not known how problem that has arisen is that it is not known how both the old and the new addressing systems will both the old and the new addressing systems will be able to work at the same time during a transition be able to work at the same time during a transition period. period.

20042004Internet speed record broken. Researchers Internet speed record broken. Researchers

successfully sent data using a 10Gigabit successfully sent data using a 10Gigabit Ethernet link between the University of Ethernet link between the University of Tokyo and the CERN research center in Tokyo and the CERN research center in Geneva, Switzerland. The T110 delivered Geneva, Switzerland. The T110 delivered sustained 7.57… that's enough speed to sustained 7.57… that's enough speed to transfer a full-length DVD anywhere in the transfer a full-length DVD anywhere in the world in less than five seconds.world in less than five seconds.

20052005During 2005 it's estimated that the one-During 2005 it's estimated that the one-

billionth user went online. Netcraft survey billionth user went online. Netcraft survey reports there are more than 74 million web reports there are more than 74 million web sites online, while in 1993 only 130 web sites online, while in 1993 only 130 web sites existed online.sites existed online.

20062006German and Japanese scientists German and Japanese scientists

collaborated to shatter the world record collaborated to shatter the world record for data transmission speed. By for data transmission speed. By transmitting a data signal at 2.56 transmitting a data signal at 2.56 terabits per second over a 160-kilometer terabits per second over a 160-kilometer link (equivalent to 2,560,000,000,000 link (equivalent to 2,560,000,000,000 bits per second or the contents of 60 bits per second or the contents of 60 DVDs) the researchers bettered the old DVDs) the researchers bettered the old record of 1.28 terabits per second held record of 1.28 terabits per second held by a Japanese group. By comparison, the by a Japanese group. By comparison, the fastest high-speed links currently carry fastest high-speed links currently carry data at a maximum 40 Gbit/s, or around data at a maximum 40 Gbit/s, or around 50 times slower.50 times slower.

SourcesSources The History of the InternetThe History of the Internet - By Dave Kristula - By Dave Kristula http://www.davesite.com/webstation/net-history5.shtmlhttp://www.davesite.com/webstation/net-history5.shtml

A Computer Geek's History of the InternetA Computer Geek's History of the Internet http://www.wbglinks.net/pages/history/http://www.wbglinks.net/pages/history/

Internet Applications and AolutionsInternet Applications and Aolutions http://ias.net/history.asphttp://ias.net/history.asp

Internet SocietyInternet Society http://www.isoc.org/internet/history/http://www.isoc.org/internet/history/

History of the InternetHistory of the Internet http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Internethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Internet

The Math Forum at DrexelThe Math Forum at Drexel http://mathforum.org/t2t/http://mathforum.org/t2t/

Teacher.netTeacher.net http://teachers.net/mentors/high_school/http://teachers.net/mentors/high_school/

The Endless Faculty MeetingThe Endless Faculty Meeting http://wildwilliam.blogspot.com/http://wildwilliam.blogspot.com/

Welcome to the POWER LIBRARYWelcome to the POWER LIBRARY http://www.powerlibrary.org/Interface/Power.asp?http://www.powerlibrary.org/Interface/Power.asp?

ID=PL2329ID=PL2329

ListservesListserves……The listserv I chose is the chatboard on Teachers.net. The list serve also offers, classifieds, lessons, jobs, mailrings, projects, live chats and advertising, all directed towards teachers.

The forums have a wide variety of topics dealing with language, subject area, grade levels, etc.

How I will use this Listserv…How I will use this Listserv…

1.1. To get ideas for lesson planningTo get ideas for lesson planning

2.2. To contact other special ed. teachers To contact other special ed. teachers regarding goal writingregarding goal writing

3.3. To seek the advice of more experienced To seek the advice of more experienced “mentor” teachers“mentor” teachers

4.4. Simply to have another perspective on Simply to have another perspective on teaching! teaching!

Blogs…Blogs…

The blog I choose is The The blog I choose is The Endless Faculty RoomEndless Faculty Room. . This blog offers, “A This blog offers, “A place for educators to place for educators to discuss issues, offer discuss issues, offer ideas, thoughts, and ideas, thoughts, and opinions; share opinions; share resources, lesson resources, lesson plans, best practices, plans, best practices, and occasionally let and occasionally let off steam.” It also off steam.” It also encourages a good encourages a good time and constructive time and constructive comments and comments and suggestions. suggestions.

How I will use this Blog…How I will use this Blog…

1.1. Reduce stress by venting a little Reduce stress by venting a little steamsteam

2.2. Listen to other educators that are Listen to other educators that are having some of the same problems having some of the same problems as meas me

3.3. Realize that the same problems are Realize that the same problems are shared by othersshared by others

4.4. Personal enjoyment!Personal enjoyment!

POWER Library…POWER Library… The POWER Library is The POWER Library is

offered as a service of offered as a service of Pennsylvania's public Pennsylvania's public libraries, school libraries libraries, school libraries and the State Library. and the State Library.

The POWER library allows The POWER library allows you to access thousands of you to access thousands of full text periodical articles, full text periodical articles, newspapers, a major newspapers, a major encyclopedia, plus encyclopedia, plus photographs, pictures, photographs, pictures, charts, maps, reference charts, maps, reference materials for young people materials for young people and more. You will find and more. You will find materials of interest in most materials of interest in most subject areas for all age subject areas for all age groups from young children groups from young children to adults.to adults.

How I will use POWER Library…How I will use POWER Library…

I will use the POWER Library to assist students in locating materials for their Junior and Senior Projects. The site offers online reference materials that can be accessed online. Also, students can have access to books and other reference materials from schools and libraries across Pennsylvania.

The online encyclopedias are particularly nice to have access to right in the classroom!

Newsgroups…Newsgroups…The newsgroup that I chose to use is The Math Forum at Drexel. This newsgroup is composed of teachers, mathematicians, researchers, students, and parents using the power of the Web to learn math and improve math education.

They offer offer a wealth of problems and puzzles; online mentoring; research; team problem solving; collaborations; and professional development. Students have fun and learn a lot. Educators share ideas and acquire new skills.

How I will use this newsgroup…How I will use this newsgroup…

1.1. Problems of the Day that can be Problems of the Day that can be used for students at a variety of used for students at a variety of grade levelsgrade levels

2.2. Online help with math problemsOnline help with math problems

3.3. Share ideas with other educatorsShare ideas with other educators

4.4. Share lesson planning ideasShare lesson planning ideas

5.5. Find links to other resourcesFind links to other resources