the history of perioperative nursing by: ruth crothers, rn bsn cnor rnfa
TRANSCRIPT
The History of Perioperative Nursing
By: Ruth Crothers, RN BSN CNOR RNFA
Why Care About The History of Nursing?
“You have to know who you are and where you come from.
If you don’t know where you come from, how do you know where you are going?”
F. Fleisher, The Jazz Singer-1980
Leg Surgery Performed in the Kitchen
Hand Washing & Boiling of Instruments Practiced Much Later
Eye Surgery in the City Plaza
Early Neurosurgery 1561
Women Go To War
• Early recognition of the importance of hand washing.
• Gradually, cloths, instruments and dressings were meticulously cleaned.
• The practice of asepsis was advanced.
Due to the Influence of Louis Pasteur, Various Types of Sterilizers Were Developed and Asepsis
Became the Standard
Civil War Nursing
• Anesthetics allowed for more complicated surgeries.
• Fatal infections occurred in more than 30% of patients.
• Draining of incisions began around 1860 to treat infections.
“The Agnew Clinic”1899
In 1891, rubber gloves were introduced and later the face mask was adopted
Spanish-American War 1899
Positioning Patients in the 1800s
OR Table 1850Gyne Chair 1878
OR Nursing Late 1800s
Operating Room Theatre 1898
Operating Theatre 1897
In 1901 the four blood groups were identified for blood transfusions.
OR Nursing in the 1890s
• The student nurse was responsible for sterility of equipment.
• She prepared the room, scrubbed the floor and walls with antiseptics.
• Dressings were boiled, soaked and wrapped in antiseptic towels or large glass jars.
• She prepared everything that was needed including….
Surgical Supplies
• Hot water bottle• Stimulants• Clean towels• Soft rags• Lint• Basins• Pails• Hot and cold water• Bran • Sticking plaster• Carbonized water
• Ice • Pins• Needles• Silk• Petroleum jelly• Soap• Oil silk• Sponges• Rubber blanket• Pillow• Sheet to cover patient
OR Nursing Education
• The nurse was to read no medical books. Nursing texts did not exist.
• “If she wishes to be a physician, she should go to medical school.”
• “Nurses who read medical books are overburdening their brains.”
• “In any case, any information read would not be remembered overnight.”
World War I
OR Nursing France 1918
• Administered Anesthesia
• Sutured and Tied
• Placed Drains
• Removed Dead and Devitalized Tissue
OR & Anesthesia-First Nursing Specialties
Surgery 1918
Surgical Gloves
Choosing gloves for an Appy 1941
Recycling Gloves
Surgery Prep 1940s
X-ray Department 1940s
WWII Nurses
World War II
World War II Nurse POWs
New Professionalism
Instrument Nurses 1950s
Surgical Bunker - Korean War
Korean War OR
M.A.S.H. – Images of Nurses
Margaret “Hotlips” HoolihanA True Perioperative Nurse
Major Hoolihan’s image evolved much like the image of
nursing.
Surgery Team 1960s
Nursing Images of Viet Nam War
Capt Eleanor Grace Alexander, US Army, BSN, RN, Age 27Died in aircraft crash on 11/30/1967, Central Highlands, Republic of VietnamHer remains were guarded by Sgt W. J. Doyle, Jr, USAF, at Dover AFB, DE Mortuary
Operation Desert Storm
Student Nurses in the OR
Most nursing curricula offered 12-16 weeks perioperative
experience
Students were exposed to the practice of
perioperative nursing
1984 Survey of 1400 Schools
• 16.6% offered perioperative nursing in basic curriculum
• 13.3% reported integration of perioperative nursing as elective
• 67% had no perioperative content
• Virtually no perioperative experience offered today.
Welcome To Perioperative Nursing!