THE H

ISTO

RY OF

JOURNALIS

M

FIRST FORM OF NEWS

•By 59 B.C., the Romans hand-copied news sheets called Acta Diurna (Daily Acts) that were posted around the city.

MASS PRODUCTION•Johann Gutenberg invented the printing press (using moveable type) in 1440 during the 15th century.

•This process enabled mass production of newspapers.

•The first book?

THE BRITISH PRESS

• In 1476, King Edward IV allowed William Caxton to approve the first British press.

• The production of newspapers brought culture to the country in the form of literature.

FIRST AMERICAN PAPER

•Benjamin Harris produced the first and only issue of Publick Occurrences Both Forreign and Domestick in 1690

FIRST CONTINUOUS NEWSPAPER

•The Boston News-Letter premiered on April 24, 1704 by John Campbell.•It was the first successful American newspaper.

DON’T GO AGAINST THE GOVERNMENT

•Peter Zenger published the New York Weekly Journal in 1734.•Zenger was accused and tried for libel against the colonial British government in 1735. •In this picture, Zenger is arrested and his printing press is burned by Colonial authorities.

TRUTH IS A DEFENSE

•Zenger was found innocent.

•The Zenger case established that truth is a defense against a libel charge.

•For the first time it was allowed and encouraged for the press to question and criticize the government.

FIRST AMENDMENT

•Freedom of the press, religion, speech, assembly and petition.

•It was adopted December of 1791.

•In 1830, the content of newspapers to were aimed at the lower class, reporting local news, sports, crime and human interest stories.

•Rise of the Modern newsroom• A hike in reporters covering

news professionally

•New innovations in printing made news affordable

• Cheaper paper• Faster presses

THE EMERGENCE OF THE PENNY PRESS

NEWS BOYS

FOLDABLE

1833

THE NEW YORK SUN

BENJAMIN DAY

FIRST SUCCESSFUL PENNY PRESS

Ordinary Newspapers

-cost 6 cents

-usually subscriptions or delivered by mail

-political commentary

-trader stats

-poetry

-letters

-second-hand gossip

-no sense of urgency for editors so they published old news

-promoted one political party agenda

-funded by a political party

1841

HORACE GREELY PUBLISHED THE NEW YORK TRIBUNE WHICH HAD

MORE SUBSTANCE

Penny Press

-cost a penny

-sold by news boys

-local news

-crime

-human interest

-feature stories

-variety of beats like Wall street

-editors compete to break news

-no political alliance

-funded by street sales, fundraising and ADVERTISING

BENJAMIN DAY

Foldable Notes

A NEW FORM OF COMMUNICATION

•The telegraph was perfected by Samuel Morse and proved that signals could be transmitted by wire in 1835.•Reporters were able to send encoded news back to their papers as it was happening.•In 1844, the “inverted pyramid” form of writing was introduced. the most important facts at the

beginning of the story created because news was often

cut off when sent through the telegraph.

• In 1851 Henry Raymond founded The New York Times.

• It is one of Americas most responsible and respected publication to date.

THE NEW YORK TIMES

THE FATHER OF PHOTOJOURNALISM•1861-65 The Civil War era brought “new” technology to the publishing industry. Photography became a popular addition to newspapers.

•Matthew Brady set up a camera on the battlefields and photographed the soldiers at war. Him and his team captured more than 10,000 images of conflict.

•Two men were need to take a photo. It took several minutes for photos to develop. They had to mix chemicals, pour on a glass plate and then wait for it to evaporate.

YELLOW JOURNALISM

JOSEPH PULITZER

NEW YORK WORLD

WILLIAM RANDOLPH HEARST

NEW YORK JOURNAL

I'm Poor

I'm Illiterate

I'm Bald

I don’t have shoes

This isn't my shirt

I represent you!

YELLOW JOURNALISM AT ITS FINESTYELLOW KID DRAWINGS:

• After Pulitzer began publishing color comic sections that included a strip entitled "The Yellow Kid" drawn by R.F. Outcault in early 1896, this type of paper was labeled "yellow journalism.”

• Although the two men did serious reporting, Yellow journalism relied on exaggerated headlines to sell papers.

Sensational news

• Loud headlines

• Stories on sex, scandal and sin

• Lavish use of pictures

• Rumors disguised as news

THE CAUSE OF WAR•To increase circulation both Hearst and Pulitzer started to include articles about the Cuban Insurrection. 

• “Blood in the field, Blood in the dumpsters, Blood, Blood, Blood!”

•The New York Journal blames Spain for a mysterious explosion that sank the USS Maine in Havana Harbor, Cuba. That helps push the United States into war with Spain. •The newspaper war between Hearst and Pulitzer was thought to be the cause of the Spanish-American War.

•Allegedly Hearst said, “You furnish the pictures, I’ll furnish the war.”

EARLY 1900S AND SOCIAL REFORM

• Journalists and writers expose injustice, fraud and political corruption in government and big business

• Satirical Cartoons become popular for newspapers to comment on current events

RADIO

•1920-KDKA Pittsburg begins broadcasting first regular radio schedule.

•Becomes the first medium to broadcast news coverage 24-hours.

HISTORY OF JOURNALISM CROSSWORD

Rubric

*10 across clues (35pts)

*10 down clues (35pts)

*Overall (30pts)

-Answer Key

-Grid is mistake free

-Neat

INSTRUCTIONS

1. With your partner, choose 20 words from your notes: events, places, people, ideas, inventions, etc.

2. Place those 20 words in the grid, making sure they connect and crossover other words. Write lightly as you will later erase the words.

3. After you’ve placed them, begin creating the down and across clues for each word.

4. Create an answer key on the back of the paper as you go.

*You may use a person’s first and last name or just their last name. Do not just use their first name.

*Do not put a blank between multiple words on the grid.

Ex. yellowjournalism not yellow journalism

HISTORY OF JOURNALISM TIMELINE

MUST HAVE 10 ENTRIES THAT CONSIST OF THE FOLLOWING: (10PTS EACH)

-a clever headline (2pts)

-an accurate date (2pts)

-an illustration (2pts)

-a “significance to journalism” statement (4pts)

CHOOSE FROM THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE STEMS TO USE

1.Without…, (this wouldn’t have occurred)

2. …is significant to journalism because it…

3. The significance of…is…

59 B.C.“Rome wasn’t built in a day!”Without the daily acts created by the Romans, news wouldn’t have evolved into the publications they are today.

Ex: The Acta Diurnas are significant to journalism because it established a constant written form of news.

Ex. The significance of Acta Diurnas is its establishment of written news in Rome. This helped the evolution of journalism.

Example: Do not use!