the history of american music
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The History of American Music. Intro Questions:. What is culture? What is cultural history? What do we mean by “popular” culture? How has music both impacted and been shaped by history? What is the difference between “commercial” and “artistic” success? Which is more important?. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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The History of American Music
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Intro Questions:What is culture? What is
cultural history?What do we mean by “popular” culture?How has music both impacted and been shaped by history?What is the difference between “commercial” and “artistic” success? Which is more important?
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African-American HistoryForced transportation and enslavement across Atlantic (1600s-1800s)
Conversion to Christianity
Abolition of Slavery (1865)
Reconstruction & Lynching
Segregation
Migration from country to city and South to North
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The Great MigrationAfrican-Americans move North
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From the “Old” World...American music created out of mix of traditions from Europe and AfricaLegacy of ballads and classical music from EuropeChanting, drumming, rhythms, and oral history from Africa
Influence of “Griot” from West Africa“Folk” music as representation of ordinary people and their histories and cultures
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Into the “New” WorldEnslaved Africans and European Immigrants bring their cultures to America (Melting Pot)
Influence of West Indies culture, New Orleans and “Creole” (mixed race)
Work songs, song leaders, “call and response” “If the trees are to be cut, you must sing. Without song the bush knife is dull.” (Nigerian proverb)Early kind of protest music
Religious influence, spirituals (Baptist)
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Hint! Test Question #1
What historical factors lead to the creation of American music? How did both Europeans and Africans influence this?
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The Blues
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Blues
Simple form: 3 chords, usually in12 bar sequencesAAB Rhyme PatternSolo performance, Personal/Emotional/SpiritualBUT ALSO: Communal, Oral History and StoriesImprovisationPercussive Rhythm
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Blues ThemesWork/Labor
Religion
The Devil
Travel and the Crossroads
Sin and Vice (Drinking, Gambling, Fighting, Sex)
Love and Death
Freedom
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Early Blues Music
Individual performance (Solo)Acoustic guitar
HarmonicaVocal changes: shouts, moans, falsettoUse of slides
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Early Blues Greats
Robert JohnsonSon HouseBlind Lemon JeffersonCharley PattonLightnin’ Hopkins“Ma” Rainey
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Expansion of the Blues
Early recordings bring the Blues out of the SouthBlues records become popularImpact of the electric guitarBlues music influences Jazz, Gospel, and Rock ‘n’ Roll The “roux” or base for all forms of American popular music
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Blues Icons
Bessie SmithMuddy WatersHowlin’ WolfB.B. KingJohn Lee HookerStevie Ray Vaughn
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Hint! Test Question #2
What themes did blues musicians focus on? How did the lyrics of blues songs reflect the life of black Americans? Explain how the blues captured the experience of African-Americans in the period after emancipation.
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Jazz
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JazzBorn in New OrleansCreated from Ragtime and BluesLarger groups than blues, usually bands or orchestrasVariety of instruments: Trumpet, Piano, Trombone, Saxophone, Rhythm section (guitar, drums, bass), VocalistClose connection to dancing and live performancesImprovisation and soloingSyncopation (Playing off the beat)
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Jazz (continued)Major Jazz cities:
Chicago
New York City
Kansas City
White and black musicians not allowed to perform together
But in late night jam sessions whites and blacks shared music
Jazz slang words: “Cat,” “chick,” “cool,” “dig,” “funky,” “hip”
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The “Jazz” AgeImportant Events of Early 1900-1929:
World War I
Prohibition
The Roaring Twenties
The Great Migration
Harlem Renaissance
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“Flappers”
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Big Band and “Swing”1930s-1940s
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Major Events of 1930s
Great DepressionThe Dust BowlWorld War IIContinued problems with segregation and civil rights
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Bebop (1940s-1950s)Experimental ChaoticSmaller Groups (3-5)Extensive solosProblems with Drug UseCreated big division in jazz
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Jazz Icons
Louis ArmstrongDuke EllingtonBillie HolidayElla FitzgeraldCharlie ParkerThelonious MonkMiles Davis
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Hint! Test Question #3
What major events influenced jazz music during the twentieth century? How did jazz change from the late nineteenth century to the 1950s?
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Rock ‘n’ Roll1950s and 1960s
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Origins of Rock ‘n’ Roll
White musicians incorporating elements of the BluesBut also influenced by Country, Folk, and JazzInvention of Electric Guitar (1936) and AmplificationTelevision (Huge impact from 1950s onward)Cold War and American Prosperity“Baby Boomer” Generation, Teenage Rebellion
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Early Rock ‘n’ Roll
Chuck BerryElvisBo DiddleyJerry Lee LewisLittle Richard
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British InvasionThe Beatles, The Who, The Yardbirds, The Rolling
Stones
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Bob DylanBrought new sound to “popular” musicCombined folk, blues, rock, country, and other genresLyrical geniusUnconventional voice“Like a Rolling Stone”
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Psychedelic RockSan FranciscoClosely connected to Hippies, Communes, and Drug CultureMajor bands:
Grateful DeadJefferson AirplaneThe Doors
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Woodstock (1969)
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Hint! Test Question #4
What technological advances were significant for the popularity and success of Rock ‘n’ Roll? How did Rock develop from earlier forms of music?
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Protest Music
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Why do we protest? What does this term mean?What issues cause people to protest? Has this changed?How have songs become important to protest movements?Do music and politics mix? How?
Introductory Questions
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Folk tradition-Woody GuthrieWork SongsBlues and JazzMusic in the 1960sPunk and ReggaeHip hop and Rap
Examples of Protest Songs
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Protest Song against LynchingBillie Holiday- “Strange Fruit”
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Bob DylanGreatly influenced by Woody GuthrieSongs about civil rights and anti-warDubbed “Poet of his Generation”Turned against folk and “protest” music when he went “electric”
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Hip HopCreated in black inner-city neighborhoods
Themes: Racism, Poverty, Police Brutality, Inequality
Examples:
Public Enemy
Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five
Run-DMC
Jurassic Five
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Hint! Test Question #5
What is “protest” music? How has music been an important form of political expression? What issues or problems have artists raised in their songs?
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Music Today1970s-2010s
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Major Genres of the Last 50 Years
Punk
Heavy Metal
Funk
Hip Hop
Disco
Pop (Popular)
Rap
Grunge
Electronic Dance Music (EDM)
Indie (Independent)
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Impact of New Technologies
New Recording FormatsMTVDigital StorageThe InternetNapster
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The Future of Music?