the high energy experiments at lhc...why high energy experiments? questions in (fundamental) physics...
TRANSCRIPT
Why high energy experiments?
questions in (fundamental) physics
I origin of mass
I additional dimensions
I dark part of the universe
I many more ...
High energy experiments at LHC 22
Why high energy experiments?
I opportunity to explore thesmall-scale structure ofmatter
I detectors are needed forthe investigation of
1. time evolution2. behaviour/mechanism
of interaction
of the created matter
High energy experiments at LHC 33
Why high energy experiments?
I opportunity to explore thesmall-scale structure ofmatter
I detectors are needed forthe investigation of
1. time evolution2. behaviour/mechanism
of interaction
of the created matter
High energy experiments at LHC 33
The role of the detector
detector requirements
provide information to
I count/distinguish
I track
I characterize
particles.
High energy experiments at LHC 44
The role of the detector
detector requirements
provide information to
I count/distinguish
I track
I characterize
particles.
High energy experiments at LHC 44
Possible detector structure in HEP
systematics
I low density → high density
I Track density ∝ 1/r2
I high precision → low precision
High energy experiments at LHC 66
Inner tracking chambers
I ionizing effects on the material particles pass through
I vertex informationI silicon
1. Pixel (high resolution/fast readout)2. strip
High energy experiments at LHC 77
Calorimeter
I measures the energy (deposit) of electromagnetic or hadronicinteracting particles
I materials are used, which interact electromagnetic or hadronic
Working principle
I two layers
1. absorber (dense)2. collector (active)
High energy experiments at LHC 88
Calorimeter
I measures the energy (deposit) of electromagnetic or hadronicinteracting particles
I materials are used, which interact electromagnetic or hadronic
Working principle
I two layers
1. absorber (dense)2. collector (active)
High energy experiments at LHC 88
ATLAS and CMS
physics program
I Higgs boson
I supersymmetry (LSP)
I extra dimensions
detector requirements
I identification of hadrons,leptons and photons
I hadrons and jets at highpseudo rapidity
I reasonable momentumresolution up to TeV/cscale
High energy experiments at LHC 1111
ATLASA Toroidal LHC ApparatuS
facts
Size 25×25×46m3
Weight 7000 tonnesmag. field 2 T/4 T
High energy experiments at LHC 1212
ATLASdesign
I Inner detector
1. Pixel detectors2. Semiconductor tracker
(SCT)3. Transition Radiation
Tracker (TRT)
High energy experiments at LHC 1414
ATLASdesign
I calorimeter
1. electromagnetic(yellow)
2. hadronic (grey)
High energy experiments at LHC 1515
ATLAScalorimetry
electromagnetic
1. accordion (LAr|lead)
2. forward (LAr|copper)
hadronic
1. tile (iron|scintillating)
2. end-cap (LAr|copper)
3. forward (LAr|tungsten)
High energy experiments at LHC 1616
ATLASRead out devices
comparison of the detectors
Detector Read out channels
Pixel >82 mioSCT >3.1 mioMuon det. comp. >300.000
High energy experiments at LHC 1919
CMSCompact Muon Solenoid
facts
Size 21×15×15m3
Weight 12500 tonnesmag. field 4 T / 2.8 T
High energy experiments at LHC 2121
CMSdetector system
I global detector structure
I particle identification and tracking
High energy experiments at LHC 2323
CMSdetector system
I global detector structure
I particle identification and tracking
High energy experiments at LHC 2323
CMSMuon detector system
detector types
I Drift Tube
1. barrel2. σrφ ∝ 100µm
I Cathode Strip Chambers
1. end-cap2. trapeziodal shape3. σφ ∝ 100µm
I Resistive Plate Chamber
1. barrel + end-cap2. weak σx3. very good σt4. trigger decision
High energy experiments at LHC 2424
CMSelectron efficiency and pseudo rapidity range
H → ZZ∗ → 4e
Efficiency =Nrec
Ngen
CMS TDR,2006
High energy experiments at LHC 2525
LHCbLHC beauty
physics program
I CP violation
I measurement of CKMparameter
I quarkonia
I B physics, rare B decays
detector requirements
I particle identification
I vertex resolution
I secondary vertex trigger
High energy experiments at LHC 2828
LHCbLHC beauty
facts
Size 5×5×20 m3
forward direction10 < θ < 300 mrad1.9 < η < 4.9
High energy experiments at LHC 2929
LHCbVErtex LOcater VELO
details
I 1.5 ≤ η ≤ 4.9
I distance to beam 5 mm
I σxyz ≈ 10µm
I embedded in a secondvacuum (10−4 mbar)
High energy experiments at LHC 3131