By Mark Millmore 2009 http://shop.discoveringegypt.com/printmachine2.html

The Hieroglyphic Print Machine Version 2

Hieroglyphs are written in rows or columns and can be read from left to right or from right to left. You can distinguish the direction in which the text is to be read because the human or animal figures always face to-wards the beginning of the line. Also the upper symbols are read before lower.

1. There are twenty-four alphabet signs each one representing a single sound. The Egyptians did not include vowels E, U or V in their writing although these sounds were present in the spoken language. (nither did they have a letter for X). For example, Sobek is the name of the crocodile god but the Egyptians would have written it ‘Sbk’.

It is possible to write a whole word using only symbols from the ancient Egyptian alphabet. For example the Fourth Dynasty pharaoh, Khufu, wrote his name in this way.

Hieroglyphs

It is possible to write the English word ‘THANKS’ (right) with a combination of alphabet and syllabic signs. Note the three strokes - this is the sign for a plural. (this is a determinative sign)

2. Syllabic signs represent a combination of two or three letter sounds. Such as in English ‘buy’ and ‘pie’ or in ancient Egyptian ‘Sha’ and ‘Ka’

3. Determinative signs - Some hieroglyphs work like road signs for example when we see the road sign showing a car with skidmarks we know it means there is a slippery road ahead. Determinative signs are pictures of objects that helps the reader under-stand the meaning of a word. Written words did not represent all of the sounds of spoken words. For instance the word ‘boat’ was expressed in hieroglyphs as ”dpt” (it might have been pronounced ‘depet’), but

4. Word signs are pictures of objects used as the words for those objects. Each word sign is followed by an upright stroke to indicate that the word is complete in one sign. For example, if there wasn’t enough space to write ”boat” in hieroglyphs, the an-cient writer just used the picture of a boat followed by an upright stroke to indicate that the sign should be read as ”boat.”

Depet is also a person’s name. To prevent the reader from mistaking it for another word, the writer included a picture of a boat to clarify the word’s meaning.

If a word expressed an abstract idea, such as “happy,” a picture of a sealed papyrus scroll was included to show that the meaning of the word could be expressed in writing but not pictorially.

= 12,427

ABIILITY

ABOVE

A CC O R D I N G LY

ADVANCE

AFFECTION

AFTER

AGAIN

ALONE

AMONG

ANCECTOR

AMONG

ARM

ARMY

AS---Like

AS-Far-As

ASCEND

ASSISTANT

BACK

BAD

BARLEY

BASKET

BE

BE-Abundant

BEATLE

BEAUTIFUL

BEAUTY

BECOME

BEER

BEFORE

BEG

BEHIND

BELOVED

BETWEEN

BIRD

BITE

BLACK

BOAT 1

BOAT 2

BORN

BREAK

A list of the ancient Egyptian words used in the program with their Eng-lish translations.

A

B

BREATHE

BRING

BROTHER

BUILD

BUTCHER

BY

C

CALCULATE

CAREFUL

CAT

CATCH

CHARMING

CHATTER

CHIEF

CHILD

CHOOSE

CITY

CLEAN

CLOTHE

COLD

COME

COMPLAIN

CRAFSMAN

D

DANCE

DARKNESS

DAUGHTER

DAY

DEATH

DECORATE

DEED

DEPART

DESCEND

DESERT

DESIRE

DISOBEDIENT

DISOBEY

DO

DO

DONE

DRINK

DUTY

E

EAR

EAST

EASTERN

EAT

EDUCATE

EFFECTIVE

EGYPT

ELDER

EMPTY

END

ENDURING

ENEMY

ENRICH

ENTER

ETERNITY

EVERY

EVERYTHING

EVIL

EXCELLENT

EXIST

EXPLAIN

EYE

F

FACE

FALL

FAR

FATHER

FEAR

FETCH

FEW

FIGHT_Fight ing

FIND

FINGER

FIRM

FIRST

FLY

FOLLOW

FOLLOWING

FOOD

FOOL

FOOT

FOR

FORGET

FREE

FRIEND

FROM

FRONT

FULL

G

GENTLE

GIFT

GIFTS

GIVE

GIVE LIFE

GIVEN

GO

GO-ASTRAY

GO-AWAY

GO-DOWN

GO-UP

GOD

GODS

GOOD

GOODBY

GREAT

GREETINGS

GUIDANCE

H

HAD

HAIR

HAIRDRESSER

HALF

HAND

HAPPEN

HAPP Y

HATE

HE_HIM_HIS

HEAD

HEALTH

HEAR

HEART

HEAVEN

HER

HERSELF

HIGH

HOUSE

HOUSES

HOW

HUNGER

I

I

I or ME

IF

IGNORANT

IMMEDIATELY

IMPORTANT

IMPROVE

IN

IN-FRONT-OF

INDEED

INSPECT

IS

IT

IT IS

J

Joined With

JOY

K

KILL

KIND

KING

King-UpperLower

KISS

KNEE

KNIFE

KNOW

KNOW-NOT

L

Lake

LAND

LARGE

LATER

LAUGH

LAW

LEAP

Learn

LEG

LENGTH

LIFE

LIMIT

LITTLE

LIVE

LONG

LOOK

LORD

LOVE

M

MADE-BY

MAN

MANY

MEAL

MEMORY

MINE

MIRROR

miserable

MISS

MOMENT

MONTH

MONUMENT

MOON

MORNING

MOTHER

MOUNTAIN

MOUTH

MUCH

MULITPLY

MY

MYSELF

N

NAKED

NAME

NEAR

NEVER

NEVER

NIGHT

NO

NOBLE LADY

NOD

NOSE

NOT

NOT-KNOW

NUMBER

O

OBEY

OBSERVE

ODOUR

OF

OFFER

OFFERINGS

OFFICIAL

OFFSPRING

OLD

ON

OPEN

ORDER

Our-Us-We

OVERSEER

OVERTHROW

P

Pain

PEACE

PEASANT

PEOPLE

PERFECT

PERISH

PERPETUATE

PLAN

PLANT

POOR-MAN

PRAISE

PRINCE

Q

QUIET

R

RAGE

RAIN

REBEL

REEDS

REJOICE

RELAX

REMEMBER

REPAIR

REPEAT

REPORT

RESCUE

RESENT

REST

REVERED

RISE

RIVER

ROAD

RUNS

SACRED

SAIL

SALT

SAND

SATISFIED

SATISFY

SAY

SCRIBE

SECRET

SEE

SEIZE

SEND

SHE-HER-IT

SHINE

SHIP

SIBLINGS

SINCE

SING

SINGER

SISTER

Sistrum

SKY

SLEEP

SMALL

SOLDIER

SON

SON OF RA

SOUL

SPIRIT

Stable

STAIRWAY

STAND

STAR

STEP

STOREHOUSE

STORM

STRENGTH

STRIDE

STRIKE

SUFFER

SUMMER

SUN

SUN in the SKY

T

TAKE-Pleasure

TARDILY

TEACH

TEMPLE

TERROR

THAT

THEBES

TheirTheyThem

THEREFORE

THESE

THEY

They-Them-Their

THIGH

THINGS

THIS

THOROUGHLY

THOSE

THROW

TOGETHER

TOMB

TOOTH

TRAVEL

TREE

TRUE

U

UNDER

UNDERWORLD

UPON

US

V

VARIOUS

VERY

VIEW

W

WAKE

WALK

WARRIOR

WASH

WATER

WE

WEALTH

WEEP

WELL

WHICH

WHY

WIFE

WING

WINTER

WISH

WITH

WOMAN

WORK

WRITE

Y

YEAR

YES

YESTERDAY

YOU

YOUNG

YOUR

Imagining Egypt - the special limited edition.

‘Artist Millmore brings ancient Egypt to life with colourful computer re-creations of ancient monuments.’ ‘Millmore’s thorough primer is chockablock with gorgeous illustrations.’ Publisher’s Weekly.

The special edition is signed and comes with a free CD ROM containing four software programs and six movies. You also get two temple recon-struction greeting cards and a beautifully illustrated souvenir bookmark. www.imaginingegypt.com

Discovering Ancient Egypt - CD ROM For Windows® and Macintosh®

Discovering Ancient Egypt has over 240 pages of text illustrated with over 1700 images in-cluding photos, paintings, drawings, interactive maps and computer generated reconstructions. There are 16 videos and animations show-ing the pyramids and temples togeth-er with reconstructions of how they were built and how papyrus is made. http://shop.discoveringegypt.com

Board games were a favorite pas-time in ancient Egypt, and Senet was the most popular of these. It was played by two people, either on elaborate carved and inlaid boards, like the one found in Tut-ankhamen’s tomb, or on a ‘board’ simply scratched into the earth.

You can now play this ancient game ether against the computer or an-other person. http://shop.discoveringegypt.com/senet.html

The Ancient Egyptian Game of Senet Play the ancient game of the Pharaohs.

Discovering Ancient Egypt by Mark Millmore

On this site you will find lots of Egyptian stuff -. There are stories of the great kings & queens. In the pyramid & temple section you can explore the ancient monuments; using interactive maps, photos, drawings, and paintings. Also check out Rebuilding Temples and see how these shrines, to the gods, may have appeared to ancient eyes.

There is a basic description of hieroglyphic writing. And for a bit of fun you can send a friend their name as an eCard using the hieroglyphic translator. There are also images of hieroglyphs you can use in your own projects. Learn about Egyptian numerals and test your knowledge with some mathematical problems set out using the ancient numbers. And there are lots of free things you can download.www.eyelid.co.uk