the herd health handbook for goat producers: biosecurity...
TRANSCRIPT
FAMU 006
The Herd Health Handbook for Goat Producers: Biosecurity at the Farm Level1Ray Mobley and Carmen Lyttle-N’guessan2
1This document is FAMU006, part of the Goat Herd Health Handbook, a series from Florida A&M University, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Original publication date September 2009. Visit the EDIS Web Site at http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu.
2Ray Mobley, director, Cooperative Extension; Carmen Lyttle-N’guessan, veterinary care manager; Florida A&M University, College of Engineering Sciences, Technology and Agriculture, Cooperative Extension Programs; Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611.
IntroductionBio-security (biological safety and well-being)
is the management practices that prevent infectious diseases from being carried into a herd. The goal of a bio-security program is to stop the transmission of disease-causing agents by preventing, minimizing or controlling cross-contamination of body fluids be-tween animals, animals to feed, or equipment that may directly or indirectly contact animals. Effective bio-security management practices are designed to prevent the spread of disease by minimizing movement of biological organisms and their vectors onto and within the premises. These management practices are based on the principle that it is easier to prevent disease than it is to treat or react to a problem caused by disease.
The advantages of adopting a bio-security program are numerous. An effective program can improve the cost-efficiency of the farm, improve the reputation of the producer, and allow the producer to better maintain the health status of the herd. A bio-security program is one of the most effective means of disease control available, and no disease prevention program will work without it.
Disease: Its Causes and How it is Spread
One of the first steps that must be taken to imple-ment a bio-security program is to learn what causes disease and illness so that it can be prevented. Dis-eases and ill health are the result of bacteria that cause caseous lymphanitis, viruses as in the case of CAE (caprine arthritis encephalatis) and pinkeye, or by parasites such as coccidia and Haemonchus. The spread of disease is multifactorial. It depends on the
immune state or condition of the animal, the environ-ment temperature, equipment, stocking rate, condition of the pasture, etc., and the sources of transmission. The key to a good bio-security program is to break the transmission of disease or minimize its effect. Issues that must be considered in the spread or transmission of diseases in a goat herd are:
1. The introduction of diseased goats or healthy goats incubating the diseases, also known as carrier animals;
2. The possibility of contamination by vehicles, equipment, clothing, etc;
3. Contact with contaminated inanimate objects;4. Proper and timely disposal of carcasses of dead
animals;5. Proper management of feedstuffs and water to
ensure that they do not become contaminated;6. The proper handling of manure; and7. The control of non-livestock vectors (other ani-
mals that can carry and spread the disease such as insects and arthropods).
Aspects of an Effective Bio-security Program
The issues that an effective biosecurity program must address can be quite complicated and diverse as seen in the diagram below (Figure 1). This is because of the many routes through which diseases can be spread. Although the issues that a bio-security pro-gram must address are diverse and complicated, the management practices that are a part of an effective program are usually simple and easy to incorporate into a normal production system.
The Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS) is an Equal Opportunity Institution authorized to provide research, educational information, and other services only to individuals and institutions that function without discrimination with respect to race, creed, color, religion, age, disability, sex, sexual orientation, marital status, national origin, political opinions, or affiliations. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Cooperative Extension Service, University of Florida, IFAS, Florida A&M University Cooperative Extension Program, and Boards of County Commissioners Cooperating. Millie Ferrer-Chancy, Interim Director
Archival copy: for current recommendations see http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu or your local extension office.
The Herd Health Handbook for Goat Producers: Control of Parasites in Goats 2
One of the first and most important aspects of a bio-security program that should be incorporated into the management plan of a producer is to know what is normal and abnormal both in the live animal and at slaughter. This requires that the owners and the in-spectors are on the same page. The following diagram is an example of conditions or signs that an inspector looks for in order to decide if there is indeed a health problem. This is also a good list of symptoms for a producer to look for in order to be able to know the health status of his or her herd or individual animals.
Bio-security Measures
1. The following are some measures and practices that should be adopted by the producer to en-sure the safety and health of his or her herd:
2. It is best to prevent problems rather than correct them.
3. It is important that an individual and premises animal identification program is implemented.
4. Keep good records. It is suggested that the re-cords be kept simple. The records should track and validate the different management practices conducted on the farm including the results of routine evaluations performed on the herd (Ap-pendix B).
Other bio-security measures that can be adopted into an effective program are:
1. Attempt to prevent manure contamination by never stepping in the feed bunks.
2. Routinely clean and disinfect feeding and watering equipment, which can be done with chlorine, iodine or Quatenary Ammonia Prod-ucts (QAPs).
3. Routinely clean and disinfect equipment used to medicate animals, especially equipment used on multiple animals.
4. Provide clean area for restraint, treatment and isolation of sick animals.
5. Consult with a veterinarian or animal health personnel on goats with suspicious symptoms or death.
6. Monitor and manage visitor traffic.7. Clean contaminated vehicles and equipment.8. Know health history of herd where new animals
are purchased.9. Know health status of animals brought into
herd.10. Transport animals in clean vehicle.11. Quarantine and isolate new and sick animals.12. Sanitarily dispose of dead stock.13. Have a control program for other animals which
could spread disease (rodents, insects, external parasites, etc.)
14. Control manure and dispose of it frequently.
Healthy Goats Signs of IllnessGood appetite Poor appetiteShiny coat Dull coat, hair falling
outBright and clear eyes Runny eyesWell fleshed Weight loss
Normal body tempera-ture 103.1 - 104.9°F
Fever 105.8°F or higher
Strong legs and feet Lameness, swollen joints
Pink gums Anemic (pale gums)Firm pelleted stool DiarrheaNo swelling in any ex-tremities of the body
Swelling in any body parts
Chewing its cud No sign of chewing cud
Alert LethargicBreathing normal Labored breathingUrinates with no dif-ficulty
Strains or cries when urinating
Table 1. Health Alerts
Figure 1. Diagram of a Bio-security Program
Archival copy: for current recommendations see http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu or your local extension office.
The Herd Health Handbook for Goat Producers: Control of Parasites in Goats 3
15. Maintain good personal hygiene.16. Be observant.17. Maintain a good client-patient relationship with
a veterinarian.18. Have a sound vaccination program.
Food Safety ConcernsAs food safety is of a great concern to consumers,
it is important that the producer plays his or her part in ensuring that food supply is safe. This can be done by conducting an antemortem inspection of animals before they are sold or slaughtered for human con-sumption. The inspection should determine if there are signs of physical, biological, or mental problems. This is done by looking at the movement of the animal in addition to the skin, eyes, nose, external reproductive system, mouth and feet. The person that is inspecting the animal is looking for conditions such as caseous lymphadenitis, epithelioma, anasarca, comatose, signs that the animal is dying, animals that are not walking normally or will not stand, missing eyes, bloating, the swelling of joints or briskets, respiratory problems, swollen lymph nodes, lumpy jaws, or signs of central nervous system problems. Some diseases that should be monitored include anthrax, rabies, tetanus, foot and mouth disease, scrapies, brucellosis, and goat and sheep pox (Appendix A).
The producer should know a little about the post-mortem inspection. It is usually done simultaneously with the slaughter and dressing process. It is divided into three sections: the head, the viscera, and the rail inspection. The inspector examines and palpates the external surface of the heart. The lymph nodes of the lungs are palpated. The inspector also examines the liver, the bile duct, the spleen, paunch and the intes-tine. Then, the surface of the carcass, the thorax, ab-dominal, pelvic cavity, and the kidneys are examined. He will also look for fecal material.
If it is determined that the carcass has the following conditions, it will be condemned and not allowed to enter the system for human consumption:
1. Anthrax2. Rabies3. Extreme emaciation4. Pneumonia5. Uremic poisoning6. Tuberculosis7. Icterus8. Septicemia
9. Caseous lymphadenitis10. Abscesses11. Fecal material
How does HACCP Work?HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control
Point) allows the producer to converse with his cus-tomers using the same food safety blueprint they are required to use. HACCP works at the producer level as it does for customers receiving on-farm products. It requires the producer to conduct a hazard analysis to determine what significant hazards can occur at the farm level. This must be done in order to plan for and execute a program that will prevent or control their occurrence.
The framework of a HACCP-based food safety program is possible at the producer level. Although it will require modifications, its implementation can enhance a farm-to-table approach to food safety and increase the confidence of customers purchasing pro-ducer products. This system can also make the man-agement of herd health and other concerns much more user-friendly. Producers are expected to know the role they play in combating food-borne illnesses. Using a sound science-based program will enhance the total food safety approach and give increased credibility to on-farm management programs.
The basic principles of HACCP are:1. To conduct hazard analysis2. To establish critical control points3. To establish critical limits4. To establish monitoring procedures5. To establish corrective actions6. To establish verification procedures7. To establish record-keeping and documentation
procedures
ConclusionBio-security is very important to the entire agricul-
tural industry from the producer to the consumer. The producer that can successfully control the introduction and spread of disease on their farm not only benefits himself but the entire industry. The control of disease cuts down on the cost of medication and treatment for the producer and increases the confidence of the consumer in the safety and wholesomeness of the products that are produced by the industry. A good bio-security program is essential to this success.
Archival copy: for current recommendations see http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu or your local extension office.
The Herd Health Handbook for Goat Producers: Control of Parasites in Goats 4
Although a good biosecurity program must address many issues, it can still be simple and effective at the same time. The implementation of a program that focuses on prevention of disease includes an individual and premises identification program; tracks and vali-dates management practices; keeps the environment sanitary; prevents cross-contamination between clean, healthy, sick and dead goats; and includes routine evaluations that should effectively control the spread and introduction of disease.
References:Merck & Company, Inc. (2008). Biosecurity: Goats. The Merck Veterinary Manual, http://www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/index.jsp, Received July 22, 2009.http://www.jackmauldin.com/diseases.htm. Re-ceived August 12, 2009.Pugh, D. G. (2002). Sheep and goat medicine, 1st ed. pp. 210-211 & 397-398. Saunders, Philadelphia.Steveson, K. E., & Bernard, D. T. (1995). Establish-ing hazard analysis critical control point program: A workshop manual 2nd ed. The food processors institute 1350 I Street, N.W., Suite 300 Washing-ton, D. C. 20005-3305.
Archival copy: for current recommendations see http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu or your local extension office.
The Herd Health Handbook for Goat Producers: Control of Parasites in Goats 5
Dis
ease
/Con
ditio
nSy
mpt
omTr
eatm
ent
Aci
dosi
s- o
ccur
s af
ter c
onsu
min
g la
rge
quan
titie
s of
con
cent
rate
food
-st
uffs
.
Dep
ress
ed, h
angs
its
head
, sep
arat
ion
from
the
herd
, dru
nken
beh
avio
r, m
uscl
e tw
itchi
ng, b
loat
tend
s to
occ
ur, s
wel
ling
on le
ft fla
nk, m
ay g
rind
teet
h.
Stop
acc
ess
to fo
od. D
renc
h go
at w
ith s
ome-
thin
g al
kalin
e su
ch a
s 2-
3 ou
nces
of s
odiu
m
bica
rbon
ate
whi
ch w
ill he
lp n
eutra
lize
acid
. W
alki
ng g
oat h
as s
ome
valu
e. C
onta
ct v
et-
erin
aria
n as
nee
ded.
Bla
ckle
g (C
lost
ridia
l Myo
sitis
) –
caus
ed b
y th
e so
il-bo
rne
bact
eriu
m,
Clo
strid
ium
cha
uvei
. The
dis
ease
de
velo
ps ra
pidl
y in
aff
ecte
d an
imal
s an
d of
ten
deat
hs o
ccur
bef
ore
the
owne
r has
not
iced
any
sic
knes
s in
th
e he
rd.
Ofte
n no
sym
ptom
s ar
e ob
serv
ed; a
t ot
her t
imes
, hig
h fe
ver,
lack
of a
ppet
ite,
depr
essi
on, l
amen
ess,
sw
elle
d he
ad,
and
swel
lings
that
app
ear i
n th
e m
uscl
es
on v
ario
us p
arts
of t
he b
ody.
Som
etim
es
the
leg
mus
cles
are
invo
lved
or t
he m
us-
cles
in th
e re
gion
of t
he b
ack,
hip
, flan
k,
ches
t or s
houl
der.
In th
e la
tter s
tage
of
the
dise
ase,
thes
e sw
ellin
gs s
prea
d an
d be
com
e qu
ite m
ushy
, pro
duci
ng a
cha
r-ac
teris
tic c
rack
ling
soun
d w
hen
pres
sed
with
the
hand
.
May
resp
ond
to im
med
iate
trea
tmen
t with
pe
nici
llin o
r oth
er a
ntib
iotic
s in
larg
e do
ses.
If
disp
layi
ng s
igns
of s
wel
led
head
, nee
d to
ha
ve v
et a
id in
dra
inin
g of
affe
cted
are
a.
App
endi
x A
. Dis
ease
s-Sy
mpt
oms
and
poss
ible
trea
tmen
ts.
Archival copy: for current recommendations see http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu or your local extension office.
The Herd Health Handbook for Goat Producers: Control of Parasites in Goats 6
Dis
ease
/Con
ditio
nSy
mpt
omTr
eatm
ent
Blo
at –
gor
ging
on
anyt
hing
uns
uit-
able
suc
h as
wet
gra
ss p
astu
res
or
afte
r rai
ding
food
bin
.
Tigh
tly in
flate
d fla
nks,
biti
ng a
nd/o
r kic
k-in
g at
abd
omin
al re
gion
, mis
ery,
col
laps
eD
renc
h w
ith m
iner
al o
il (6
-8 fl
oz)
for a
n ad
ult,
(2+
fl oz
) for
kid
s.
Wal
k go
at a
bout
, mas
sage
flan
ks.
“Giv
ing
min
eral
oil
is v
ery
effe
ctiv
e in
get
ting
a go
at th
at h
as o
vere
aten
gra
in to
spe
ed th
at
grai
n on
its
way
.
Vege
tabl
e oi
l will
add
to th
e di
gest
ive
load
an
d ca
use
mor
e ha
rm th
an g
ood.
Min
eral
oi
l is
not d
iges
tible
, and
I ha
ve u
sed
it w
ith
no p
robl
ems
at a
ll. F
eed
that
is o
vere
aten
fe
rmen
ts a
nd c
ause
s ga
s, a
nd a
cido
sis
to
occu
r, w
hich
can
lead
to d
eath
. The
obj
ect i
s to
spe
ed it
out
of t
here
with
out a
ddin
g to
the
dige
stiv
e lo
ad.”
By C
oni R
oss.
Sugg
estio
n fr
om v
isito
r to
Web
site
:
Firs
t Sug
gest
ion-
Mix
som
e ba
king
sod
a in
with
the
goat
s fe
ed.
They
real
ly e
njoy
it a
nd it
take
s aw
ay b
loat
.
Seco
nd S
ugge
stio
n -
-15c
c Pe
pto-
Bism
ol o
rally
-5cc
SQ
Pen
icilli
n
-5-7
cc C
D a
ntito
xin
SQ
Then
giv
e an
othe
r sho
t of C
D A
NTI
TOXI
N
and
Pept
o la
ter t
hat d
ay a
s w
ell t
o m
ake
sure
all
is o
kay.
Tw
elve
-24
hour
s la
ter,
mak
e su
re y
ou g
ive
the
goat
a p
robi
otic
to p
ut th
e liv
e ba
cter
ia b
ack
into
the
rum
en, w
hich
will
repo
pula
te th
e gu
t onc
e yo
u cl
ean
it ou
t.
App
endi
x A
. Dis
ease
s-Sy
mpt
oms
and
poss
ible
trea
tmen
ts.
Archival copy: for current recommendations see http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu or your local extension office.
The Herd Health Handbook for Goat Producers: Control of Parasites in Goats 7A
ppen
dix
A. D
isea
ses-
Sym
ptom
s an
d po
ssib
le tr
eatm
ents
.
Dis
ease
/Con
ditio
nSy
mpt
omTr
eatm
ent
Bot
tle J
aw –
Cau
sed
by a
nim
al b
eing
in
fect
ed w
ith b
lood
-suc
king
wor
ms.
Fl
uids
are
leak
ing
from
blo
od v
esse
ls
and
flow
to th
e lo
wer
par
ts o
f the
bod
y.
As
the
anim
al g
raze
s du
ring
the
day,
the
fluid
s bu
ild u
p in
the
head
. Ove
rnig
ht,
the
fluid
s m
ay p
artia
lly d
rain
aw
ay fr
om
the
head
.
Low
er fa
ce a
nd ja
w w
ill dr
amat
ical
ly
swel
l esp
ecia
lly d
urin
g th
e ev
enin
g.
Gum
s m
ay b
e pa
le d
ue to
the
anem
ic
cond
ition
bro
ught
on
by a
larg
e w
orm
lo
ad in
the
anim
al.
Your
dew
orm
ing
med
icin
e m
ay n
ot b
e ef
fec-
tive
or y
ou m
ay n
ot h
ave
dew
orm
ed re
cent
ly.
The
anim
al n
eeds
to b
e de
wor
med
with
a
stro
ng m
edic
atio
n th
ree
times
with
an
11
days
inte
rval
in b
etw
een
dew
orm
ings
. So
de-
wor
m o
n da
y ze
ro, d
ay 1
1, a
nd d
ay 2
2. If
the
anim
al is
ane
mic
, giv
e an
iron
and
vita
min
su
pple
men
t. Th
eir i
mm
une
syst
em w
ill ha
ve
diffi
culty
figh
ting
off i
nfec
tion
so y
ou s
houl
d us
e an
tibio
tics
for s
ever
al d
ays
to h
elp.
As
a pr
even
tive,
use
the
FAM
ACH
A© a
p-pr
oach
and
che
ck th
e co
lor o
f the
muc
osal
lin
ing
of th
e ey
elid
s m
onth
ly.B
ruce
llosi
s –
is a
n in
fect
ious
dis
ease
ca
used
by
the
bact
eria
of t
he g
enus
Brucella
. Bru
cella
org
anis
ms
infe
ct
a go
at’s
pla
cent
a an
d ud
der,
caus
ing
abor
tion
and
mas
titis
.
Mid
to la
te te
rm a
borti
ons,
stil
lbor
n ki
ds,
wea
k ki
ds, r
etai
ned
plac
enta
s an
d in
lo
ng-te
rm in
fect
ions
can
see
lam
enes
s du
e to
arth
ritic
join
ts.
This
is a
REP
OR
TAB
LE A
ND
ZO
ON
OTI
C
dise
ase.
The
re is
no
effe
ctiv
e tre
atm
ent.
If yo
u su
spec
t Bru
cello
sis
in y
our h
erd,
con
tact
yo
ur lo
cal v
eter
inar
ian
imm
edia
tely.
Cap
rine
Art
hriti
s En
ceph
aliti
s (C
AE)
–
Viru
s. In
fect
ious
to o
ther
s.K
nees
bec
ome
enla
rged
, lam
enes
s,
wei
ght l
oss,
har
d ud
der.
Pneu
mon
ia,
chro
nic
coug
h.
Isol
ate
and
rem
ove
anim
al fr
om h
erd.
Thi
s di
seas
e is
pas
sed
from
the
dam
to th
e ki
d vi
a th
e co
lost
rum
/milk
in th
e fir
st fe
w h
ours
of
life.
The
refo
re, r
emov
e al
l pos
itive
doe
s fro
m
the
bree
ding
her
d.C
aseo
us L
ymph
aden
itis
(CL)
– in
fec-
tious
. Bac
teria
ent
ers
anim
al th
roug
h br
eak
in s
kin
or m
ucou
s m
embr
anes
an
d lo
caliz
es in
lym
ph n
ode.
Onc
e th
e an
imal
is in
fect
ed, t
hey
are
in-
fect
ed fo
r life
.
Abs
cess
es o
f the
lym
ph g
land
s. N
OT
ALL
abs
cess
es a
re C
L. Y
our v
et c
an te
st
the
anim
als
to s
ee if
the
absc
ess
is C
L or
not
.
Isol
ate
and
rem
ove
anim
al fr
om h
erd.
Man
y br
eede
rs w
ill ge
t rid
of a
nim
als
with
CL.
So
me
bree
ders
trea
t and
man
age
anim
als
with
CL.
Abs
cess
es c
an b
e la
nced
, dis
-ch
arge
rem
oved
, and
trea
ted
with
iodi
ne
seve
ral t
imes
. Wea
r rub
ber g
love
s an
d re
mov
e al
l dis
char
ge fr
om th
e an
imal
and
its
surr
ound
ings
. CL
is s
prea
d th
roug
h th
e er
up-
tion
of a
bsce
sses
and
oth
er a
nim
als
bein
g ex
pose
d to
the
disc
harg
e. V
acci
ne a
vaila
ble
at P
HL
Ass
ocia
tes,
Inc.
Archival copy: for current recommendations see http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu or your local extension office.
The Herd Health Handbook for Goat Producers: Control of Parasites in Goats 8A
ppen
dix
A. D
isea
ses-
Sym
ptom
s an
d po
ssib
le tr
eatm
ents
.
Dis
ease
/Con
ditio
nSy
mpt
omTr
eatm
ent
Chl
amyd
iosi
s –
caus
ed b
y an
intr
a-ce
llula
r org
anis
m.
Off
food
, dia
rrhe
a, b
lood
in d
iarr
hea,
ra
pid
wei
ght l
oss,
deh
ydra
tion,
may
sho
w
stra
inin
g in
atte
mpt
s to
pas
s fe
ces,
deh
y-dr
atio
n an
d fe
ver.
You
can
treat
eas
ily w
ith B
ioso
l. D
epen
ding
on
wei
ght,
give
2-5
cc to
kid
s an
d 7-
10cc
to
adul
ts o
rally
onc
e a
day
for 5
-7 d
ays.
An-
othe
r tre
atm
ent i
s w
ith C
orid
liqu
id. M
ix h
alf
Cor
id a
nd h
alf w
ater
and
dre
nch
with
1cc
per
4
lbs
for 5
day
s. D
o no
t mix
mor
e th
an y
ou
will
use
in a
3-d
ay p
erio
d.
Alb
on o
r oth
er m
edic
atio
ns c
onta
inin
g su
lfa
are
avai
labl
e.C
olic
– a
ffec
ts y
oung
kid
s w
hen
di-
etar
y ch
ange
s ar
e m
ade.
Mix
ing
milk
re
plac
er a
t wro
ng c
once
ntra
tion.
Kid
is re
stle
ss, c
ries
out a
nd te
nds
to
stan
d ei
ther
with
its
back
arc
hed
or w
ith
its h
ind
feet
pla
ced
wel
l bac
k.
In m
ild c
ases
, the
pai
n qu
ickl
y pa
sses
and
th
e an
imal
retu
rns
to n
orm
al w
ithin
hou
rs.
If no
t, gi
ve ½
pin
t of v
eget
able
oil
for a
dults
an
d le
ss fo
r kid
s fo
llow
ed b
y 1
glas
s of
spi
rits
in 2
gla
sses
of w
ater
, rep
eate
d ho
urly
unt
il pa
in s
tops
.C
oppe
r Def
icie
ncy
and
Toxi
city
– d
ue
to d
ecre
ased
leve
ls o
f cop
per i
n th
e so
il, fo
rage
s gr
own
on s
oils
low
in
copp
er. C
oppe
r tox
icity
is ra
re.
New
born
kid
s m
ay b
e sw
ayba
ck, d
ispl
ay
mus
cle
trem
ors,
hea
d sh
akin
g an
d te
eth
grin
ding
. In
olde
r ani
mal
s yo
u se
e lo
ss
of a
ppet
ite, i
nsuf
ficie
nt w
eigh
t gai
n, a
nd
wei
ght l
oss.
Furn
ish
loos
e m
iner
als
with
suf
ficie
nt c
oppe
r co
nten
t to
anim
als
year
-rou
nd.
Cys
tic O
varie
sC
ontin
ues
to c
ome
into
hea
t eve
ry 4
-5
days
. She
will
fail
to c
ome
into
a tr
ue,
stan
ding
hea
t, an
d sh
e w
ill ac
t “bu
cky.”
Trea
t cys
tic o
varie
s qu
ite s
ucce
ssfu
lly w
ith
an in
ject
ion
of H
CG
(Hum
an C
horio
nic
Go-
nado
tropi
n, a
pre
scrip
tion
drug
) to
corr
ect t
he
horm
onal
imba
lanc
e. T
hat i
s fo
llow
ed a
bout
9-
10 d
ays
late
r by
an in
ject
ion
of lu
taly
se.
Dia
rrhe
a –
mul
tiple
cau
ses,
i.e.
nut
ri-tio
nal,
infe
ctio
us, t
oxic
ity, e
tc.
Wat
ery,
pos
sibl
y fo
ul-s
mel
ling
fece
s.C
an in
itial
ly tr
eat w
ith P
epto
-Bis
mol
. Giv
e ne
wbo
rn k
ids
3cc
ever
y 4-
6 ho
urs
by m
outh
. W
eanl
ings
and
adu
lts-5
cc e
very
4-6
hou
rs
by m
outh
. May
wan
t to
follo
w th
is tr
eatm
ent
with
a ru
men
stim
ulat
or s
uch
as P
robi
os.
Archival copy: for current recommendations see http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu or your local extension office.
The Herd Health Handbook for Goat Producers: Control of Parasites in Goats 9A
ppen
dix
A. D
isea
ses-
Sym
ptom
s an
d po
ssib
le tr
eatm
ents
.
Dis
ease
/Con
ditio
nSy
mpt
omTr
eatm
ent
Ente
roto
xaem
ia –
(ove
reat
ers
dis-
ease
). C
lost
ridiu
m p
erfr
inge
ns ty
pe
D b
acte
ria p
rodu
ce th
e po
ison
s re
spon
sibl
e, w
hen
cond
ition
s in
the
dige
stiv
e tr
act d
epriv
e th
em o
f oxy
-ge
n.
Sudd
en lo
ss o
f app
etite
. Dep
ress
ion
and
a dr
unke
n ap
pear
ance
. As
it pr
ogre
sses
th
e an
imal
bec
omes
una
ble
to s
tand
and
lie
s on
sid
e m
akin
g pa
ddlin
g m
ovem
ents
. H
igh
tem
pera
ture
. Ver
y w
ater
y di
arrh
ea.
The
prog
nosi
s fo
r rec
over
y is
gua
rded
in
capr
ine
ente
roto
xem
ia, e
ven
with
trea
tmen
t. Fl
uid
ther
apy
prov
idin
g m
ixed
ele
ctro
lyte
so-
lutio
n w
ith b
icar
bona
te is
indi
cate
d in
acu
te
case
s to
cou
nter
sho
ck, d
ehyd
ratio
n an
d ac
i-do
sis.
Com
mer
cial
ly a
vaila
ble
type
C a
nd D
an
titox
ins
shou
ld b
e ad
min
iste
red.
Ant
ibio
tic
ther
apy
may
be
help
ful i
n re
duci
ng b
acte
rial
prol
ifera
tion.
Ora
l sul
fas
have
bee
n us
ed w
ith
som
e su
cces
s.Fl
oppy
Kid
Syn
drom
e- s
ome
peop
le
belie
ve it
is c
ause
d by
too
muc
h ric
h m
ilk a
nd o
ther
s be
lieve
that
it is
as-
soci
ated
with
e-c
oli.
New
born
kid
s se
em to
do
wel
l for
a fe
w
days
afte
r birt
h th
en s
tart
to s
how
de-
pres
sion
and
wea
knes
s of
lim
bs th
at
prog
ress
to fl
acci
d pa
raly
sis.
Dru
nken
ap
pear
ance
. No
sign
s of
dia
rrhe
a or
el-
evat
ed te
mpe
ratu
re. P
ossi
ble
dist
ensi
on
of th
e ab
dom
en.
Rem
ove
kid
from
sou
rce
of m
ilk im
med
iate
ly
afte
r birt
h fo
r 24
to 3
6 ho
urs.
Dis
solv
e a
teas
poon
of s
odiu
m b
icar
bona
te in
an
eigh
t ou
nce
glas
s of
wat
er. W
ith a
syr
inge
adm
in-
iste
r bet
wee
n 20
and
50
cc o
f the
sol
utio
n or
ally.
Do
it sl
owly
so
the
kid
has
time
to
swal
low
. Rep
eat t
he tr
eatm
ent a
t 1, 3
, 6,1
2 ho
urs
from
initi
al tr
eatm
ent.
Feed
ele
ctro
lyte
s as
alte
rnat
ive
until
retu
rned
to m
ilk. A
lso,
ad-
min
iste
r a w
ide
spec
trum
ant
ibio
tic to
pre
vent
se
cond
ary
bact
eria
l inf
ectio
ns.
AN
OTH
ER P
OSS
IBLE
SO
LUTI
ON
: Tre
at-
men
t is
one-
half
teas
poon
bak
ing
soda
, m
ixed
with
ele
ctro
lyte
s an
d on
e-ha
lf te
a-sp
oon
Pept
o-Bi
smol
.
Rep
eat i
n 6-
12 h
ours
. Not
requ
ired
to p
ull
from
mot
hers
milk
from
this
sol
utio
ns p
er-
spec
tive.
Third
Sol
utio
n –
If th
e ki
d ca
n st
ill w
alk
but
is w
obbl
y, g
ive
2cc
long
-act
ing
peni
cillin
IM.
The
peni
cillin
is im
pera
tive
for r
ecov
ery.
Thi
s sh
ould
wor
k in
6 h
ours
. If t
he k
id is
com
a-to
se, g
ive
5cc
50%
dex
trose
ora
lly a
nd k
eep
war
m. G
ive
the
peni
cillin
and
thia
min
(500
mg
SQ) o
nce
a da
y fo
r 3 d
ays.
Archival copy: for current recommendations see http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu or your local extension office.
The Herd Health Handbook for Goat Producers: Control of Parasites in Goats 10
Dis
ease
/Con
ditio
nSy
mpt
omTr
eatm
ent
Foot
& M
outh
Dis
ease
– V
iral d
isea
se
of c
love
n-ho
ofed
ani
mal
s.B
liste
rs o
r ves
icle
s fo
rm in
any
of t
he
follo
win
g pl
aces
: lip
s, to
ngue
, tea
ts, o
r th
e co
rona
ry b
and
of th
e ho
of. T
end
to
beco
me
lam
e an
d po
ssib
ly s
aliv
ate
ex-
cess
ivel
y.
This
is a
REP
OR
TAB
LE A
ND
ZO
ON
OTI
C
dise
ase.
Mus
t be
cont
rolle
d fro
m o
ccur
-rin
g. A
nim
als
expo
sed
to th
e di
seas
e ar
e de
stro
yed.
If y
ou s
uspe
ct F
MD
in y
our h
erd,
co
ntac
t you
r loc
al v
eter
inar
ian
IMM
EDIA
TE-
LY!
Foot
rot –
Fus
iform
is n
odos
us in
fec-
tion
ente
rs th
e ho
of a
nd c
ause
s in
-fla
mm
atio
n of
the
sens
itive
lam
inae
.
Lam
enes
s, m
ild to
sev
ere.
The
re is
a
foul
sm
ell a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith it
. Ani
mal
s ar
e re
luct
ant t
o w
alk.
Hoo
f par
ing
in o
rder
to re
mov
e th
e un
der-
run
hoof
. App
ly a
ntis
eptic
age
nts
in o
rder
to
com
bat a
ny in
fect
ion.
Gas
troi
ntes
tinal
roun
d w
orm
s –
in-
fest
sto
mac
h an
d in
test
ines
suc
king
bl
ood
or re
duci
ng th
e ab
sorp
tion
of
dige
sted
food
mat
eria
ls fr
om th
e gu
t.
Dia
rrhe
a, w
eigh
t los
s, a
nd a
nem
ia.
Dre
nch
with
a d
ewor
mer
med
icin
e su
ch a
s Iv
omec
or C
ydec
tin. D
rug
resi
stan
ce o
f the
pa
rasi
tes
may
dec
reas
e th
e ef
ficac
y of
you
r de
wor
mer
. Con
sult
your
vet
erin
aria
n if
you
susp
ect d
rug
resi
stan
ce.
Goa
t Pol
io –
se
e Po
lioen
ceph
alom
alci
a.In
dige
stio
n –f
ailu
re o
f nor
mal
rum
e-na
l mov
emen
t. A
ssoc
iate
d w
ith h
igh
inta
ke o
f con
cent
rate
d fo
odst
uffs
.
Off
of fo
od, s
light
ly d
ull.
Gen
eral
ly re
cove
rs w
ithin
two
days
. Sod
ium
bi
carb
onat
e gi
ven
by m
outh
may
be
of s
ome
use
if th
ere
is a
tend
ency
for a
cidi
c co
ndi-
tions
to d
evel
op in
the
rum
en. D
isso
lve
25 g
of
sod
ium
bic
arbo
nate
in a
sal
twat
er s
olut
ion
and
offe
r it t
o th
e an
imal
.Jo
hnes
dis
ease
– c
hron
ic, i
ncur
able
in
fect
ion
of th
e in
test
ines
by
Myc
o-ba
cter
ium
par
atub
ercu
losi
s. C
ause
s a
thic
keni
ng o
f the
inte
stin
e.
Loss
of c
ondi
tion,
occ
asio
nally
sco
urin
g,
beco
min
g m
ore
frequ
ent w
ith b
ubbl
es o
f ga
s in
the
drop
ping
s. W
eakn
ess.
Thi
rst
may
incr
ease
.
Non
e. R
emov
e an
imal
from
her
d as
soo
n as
po
ssib
le to
pre
vent
spr
ead
to o
ther
ani
mal
s.
App
endi
x A
. Dis
ease
s-Sy
mpt
oms
and
poss
ible
trea
tmen
ts.
Archival copy: for current recommendations see http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu or your local extension office.
The Herd Health Handbook for Goat Producers: Control of Parasites in Goats 11A
ppen
dix
A. D
isea
ses-
Sym
ptom
s an
d po
ssib
le tr
eatm
ents
.
Dis
ease
/Con
ditio
nSy
mpt
omTr
eatm
ent
Ket
osis
– la
ctat
ing
doe
is u
nabl
e to
ob
tain
suf
ficie
nt a
mou
nts
of e
nerg
y an
d ke
tone
s ac
cum
ulat
e in
the
bloo
d fr
om th
e in
com
plet
e m
etab
olis
m o
f bo
dy fa
t.
Goe
s of
f foo
d. M
ilk y
ield
falls
. Sw
eet
smel
l in
the
goat
s br
eath
.G
ive
doe
prop
ylen
e gl
ycol
or k
etop
lus
twic
e a
day.
We
reco
mm
end
60cc
dre
nch
in th
e m
orni
ng a
nd e
veni
ng. Y
ou c
an a
lso
crea
te
a m
ixtu
re o
f sod
ium
bic
arbo
nate
with
wat
er
and
30cc
dre
nch
mor
ning
and
eve
ning
. Hel
p th
e do
e up
and
mov
ing
arou
nd d
urin
g th
e da
y, a
nd o
ffer f
ood.
Ano
ther
sol
utio
n: G
ive
her 3
tbs
Cal
f Pac
/Pr
obio
s m
ixed
with
100
cc R
eviv
e (1
bot
tle
50%
Dex
trose
, 20c
c B
-com
plex
, 5cc
B-1
2,
2cc
500m
g/m
l thi
amin
e) a
nd 1
00cc
wat
er.
Giv
e th
e do
e 20
0cc
of R
eviv
e ev
ery
two
hour
s, w
ith C
alf P
ac/P
robi
os in
it. A
lso,
onc
e yo
u ge
t the
doe
aw
ake,
alw
ays
give
cor
n w
ith th
e sw
eet f
eed.
Giv
e he
r at l
east
6-8
oz.
M
agic
(1 p
art m
olas
ses,
1 p
art c
orn,
2 p
arts
Ka
yo s
yrup
) at n
ight
.Li
ce –
par
asite
.In
tens
e irr
itatio
n, ru
bbin
g, b
ald
patc
hes
and
itchi
ng, u
sual
ly d
urin
g th
e w
inte
r m
onth
s.
Lous
e po
wde
r will
norm
ally
con
trol t
he p
rob-
lem
. Ins
ectic
ides
for s
pray
or d
ip re
peat
ed.
Lam
initi
s –
infla
mm
atio
n of
the
skin
la
yers
aro
und
the
hoof
. Oft
en c
ause
d by
con
sum
ptio
n of
a h
ighl
y co
ncen
-tr
ated
or l
ush
fora
ge d
iet.
It m
ay a
lso
be a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith s
ickn
ess
such
as
pneu
mon
ia, m
astit
is, a
nd m
etrit
is.
Lam
enes
s an
d w
arm
feet
. Mov
es w
ith a
st
iff g
ait,
pref
ers
to li
e do
wn
or s
tay
on
knee
s. M
ay a
lso
show
sig
ns o
f blo
at,
diar
rhea
and
toxe
mia
.
Plac
e on
a re
duce
d pr
otei
n/en
ergy
die
t suc
h as
hay
with
a re
duce
d co
ncen
trate
ratio
n an
d so
ft be
ddin
g fo
r lyi
ng d
own.
Pai
n re
lief w
ith
a no
n-st
eroi
dal,
anti-
infla
mm
ator
y dr
ug s
uch
as P
heny
lbut
azon
e is
ess
entia
l. C
hron
ic
case
s ne
ed c
aref
ul fo
ot tr
imm
ing
to re
lieve
pa
in b
y re
duci
ng p
ress
ure
on th
e se
nsiti
ve
area
s.Li
ster
iosi
s –
caus
ed b
y th
e ba
cter
ia
List
eria
mon
ocyt
ogen
es, f
ound
in
soil,
wat
er, p
lant
litte
r, si
lage
and
a
goat
s di
gest
ive
trac
t. B
roug
ht o
n by
fe
edin
g co
ntam
inat
ed s
ilage
, sud
den
chan
ges
in k
ind
of fe
ed, p
aras
itism
, dr
amat
ic w
eath
er c
hang
es a
nd a
d-va
nced
sta
ges
of p
regn
ancy
.
Dep
ress
ion,
dec
reas
ed a
ppet
ite, f
ever
, le
anin
g or
stu
mbl
ing
or m
ovin
g in
one
di
rect
ion
only,
hea
d pu
lled
to fl
ank
with
rig
id n
eck,
faci
al p
aral
ysis
on
one
side
, sl
ack
jaw
, and
dro
olin
g, a
borti
ons.
Adm
inis
tratio
n of
Pro
cain
e pe
nici
llin e
very
six
ho
urs
for t
hree
to fi
ve d
ays,
then
onc
e a
day
for a
n ad
ditio
nal s
even
day
s.
Archival copy: for current recommendations see http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu or your local extension office.
The Herd Health Handbook for Goat Producers: Control of Parasites in Goats 12
Dis
ease
/Con
ditio
nSy
mpt
omTr
eatm
ent
Lung
wor
ms
– w
orm
s in
habi
t the
air
pass
ages
and
cau
se in
flam
mat
ion
(par
asite
pne
umon
ia).
Chr
onic
cou
gh.
Dre
nch
with
dew
orm
er s
uch
as Iv
omec
Man
ge, C
horio
ptic
– D
emod
ex c
ap-
rae
inva
de th
e ha
ir fo
llicl
es a
nd s
eba-
ceou
s gl
ands
of t
he s
kin.
Smal
l lum
ps a
re n
otic
ed in
the
skin
. The
y m
ay b
e lik
e a
cyst
or b
ag o
f flui
d.R
EPO
RTA
BLE
dis
ease
. Res
pons
e to
trea
t-m
ent i
s ge
nera
lly p
oor.
If yo
u su
spec
t cho
ri-op
tic m
ange
, con
tact
you
r vet
erin
aria
n IM
-M
EDIA
TELY
!M
ange
, Pso
ropt
ic –
Pso
ropt
es c
ap-
rae
whi
ch in
fest
the
ears
.M
ay c
ause
hea
d sh
akin
g an
d sc
ratc
hing
.R
EPO
RTA
BLE
dis
ease
. Gam
ma
benz
ene
hexa
chlo
ride
and
gam
mex
ane
can
be u
sed.
If
you
susp
ect p
soro
ptic
man
ge c
onta
ct y
our
vete
rinar
ian
IMM
EDIA
TELY
!M
ange
, Sar
copt
ic –
Sar
opte
s sc
abei
bu
rrow
in th
e sk
in a
nd la
y th
eir e
ggs
in tu
nnel
s.
Terr
ible
itch
ing,
ski
n be
com
es ra
ised
, red
an
d ha
irles
s ar
ound
the
eyes
, ear
s an
d no
se.
REP
OR
TAB
LE d
isea
se. I
nfes
tatio
n ca
n be
pa
ssed
to o
ther
goa
ts. I
f you
sus
pect
sar
cop-
tic m
ange
, con
tact
you
r vet
erin
aria
n IM
ME-
DIA
TELY
! Vet
erin
ary
treat
men
t is
requ
ired.
Mas
titis
– in
flam
mat
ion
of th
e ud
-de
r, al
mos
t alw
ays
asso
ciat
ed w
ith
germ
s.
Mis
ery,
udd
er h
ot, h
ard
and
very
tend
er,
appe
tite
lost
, pup
ils o
f eye
s na
rrow
ed to
sl
its.
Ant
ibio
tics,
and
sup
porti
ve th
erap
y.
Mas
titis
(gan
gren
e) –
infla
mm
atio
n of
the
udde
r, us
ually
ass
ocia
ted
with
ba
cter
ial i
nfec
tion.
Brui
sed-
look
ing
udde
r. D
oe s
how
s si
gns
of g
ener
aliz
ed il
lnes
s: d
epre
ssio
n, fe
ver
or lo
ss o
f app
etite
. Gan
gren
e m
astit
is
shou
ld b
e su
spec
t if t
he u
dder
is c
old,
sw
olle
n w
ith a
n ex
cess
ive
accu
mul
atio
n of
flui
d an
d th
e m
ilk is
wat
ery
or b
lood
y.
-CD
ant
itoxi
n -7
cc S
Q
-Pol
y Se
rum
– 1
0cc
SQ
-10c
c Pe
nici
llin S
Q a
nd 5
cc IM
-Ban
amin
e –
1cc/
100l
bs IM
-Fol
low
with
10c
c Pe
nici
llin S
Q p
er d
ay fo
r 5
mor
e da
ys
-If y
ou h
ave
Nufl
or, g
ive
her 6
cc/1
00LB
S
SQ fi
rst d
ay, a
nd 3
cc/1
00 fo
r at l
east
5 d
ays
mor
e.
App
endi
x A
. Dis
ease
s-Sy
mpt
oms
and
poss
ible
trea
tmen
ts.
Archival copy: for current recommendations see http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu or your local extension office.
The Herd Health Handbook for Goat Producers: Control of Parasites in Goats 13A
ppen
dix
A. D
isea
ses-
Sym
ptom
s an
d po
ssib
le tr
eatm
ents
.
Dis
ease
/Con
ditio
nSy
mpt
omTr
eatm
ent
Myc
otox
in –
“M
yci m
eans
fung
us
and
toxi
n m
eans
poi
son”
– a
poi
-so
ning
of a
n an
imal
from
a fu
ngus
gr
owth
nor
mal
ly in
old
hay
or f
eed.
Exc
essi
ve s
aliv
atio
n, d
epre
ssio
n, a
n-or
exia
, con
vuls
ions
, arc
hed
back
.Va
ries
acco
rdin
g to
the
sour
ce o
f pro
blem
. R
emov
e th
e “b
ad” f
eed
and/
or h
ay fr
om th
e an
imal
s im
med
iate
ly. A
dmin
istra
tion
of a
cti-
vate
d ch
arco
al m
ay in
hibi
t add
ition
al u
ptak
e of
toxi
n fro
m th
e gu
t. M
iner
al o
il m
ay h
elp.
Nav
el II
I – d
irty
env
ironm
ents
infe
ct-
ing
the
nave
l cor
d af
ter b
irth
.Yo
ung
kids
with
sw
olle
n, p
ainf
ul n
avel
w
hich
may
look
red.
Ant
ibio
tic in
ject
ions
. Are
a ar
ound
the
nave
l sh
ould
be
clea
ned
with
ant
isep
tic io
dine
, cr
usty
sca
bs re
mov
ed b
y so
akin
g an
d an
y po
cket
s of
pus
dra
ined
.Pi
nkey
e –
infe
ctio
n of
the
eye
spre
ad
by a
gent
s su
ch a
s fli
es, d
ust a
nd
long
gra
ss.
A w
ater
y ey
e w
ith e
xces
s te
ars
spilli
ng
over
ont
o th
e sk
in. M
ay b
e re
dden
ed a
nd
corn
ea b
ecom
es c
loud
y. A
nim
al s
ensi
-tiv
e to
the
light
.
Flus
h ey
es w
ith 1
cc o
f pen
icilli
n or
an
oxy-
tetra
cycl
ine
opht
halm
ic s
olut
ion
and
give
3c
c ox
ytet
racy
clin
e an
tibio
tic S
Q fo
r sev
eral
da
ys. I
sola
te a
nim
al fr
om o
ther
s to
kee
p it
from
spr
eadi
ng. C
ondi
tion
will
reso
lve
on it
s ow
n in
3-4
wee
ks.
Pneu
mon
ia –
infe
ctio
n of
the
lung
.R
efus
es fo
od, s
tand
s ar
ound
han
ging
he
ad d
own,
sou
nds
cong
este
d, e
leva
ted
tem
pera
ture
, and
cou
ghs
and
brea
thes
ra
pidl
y or
with
diffi
culty
-har
sh lu
ng
soun
ds.
Ant
ibac
teria
l dru
gs s
uch
as o
xyte
tracy
clin
e (L
A-2
00),
Tyla
n 20
0 or
Nax
cel m
ay b
e us
ed.
Ant
ibio
tics
may
nee
d to
be
adm
inis
tere
d by
a
vete
rinar
ian.
Archival copy: for current recommendations see http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu or your local extension office.
The Herd Health Handbook for Goat Producers: Control of Parasites in Goats 14
Dis
ease
/Con
ditio
nSy
mpt
omTr
eatm
ent
Polio
ence
phal
omal
cia
(Goa
t Pol
io) –
a
thia
min
e (V
itam
in B
-1) d
efic
ienc
y an
d/or
sul
fur t
oxic
ity. F
rom
impr
oper
fe
edin
g, p
artic
ular
ly fe
edin
g to
o m
uch
grai
n an
d to
o lit
tle ro
ugha
ge.
Exc
itabi
lity,
“sta
rgaz
ing,
” mus
cle
rigid
ity,
unco
ordi
nate
d st
agge
ring
and/
or w
eav-
ing,
dru
nken
ness
, circ
ling,
dia
rrhe
a,
mus
cle
trem
or, h
ead
agai
nst w
all,
and
appa
rent
blin
dnes
s. A
rapi
d in
volu
ntar
y,
osci
llato
ry m
otio
n of
the
eyeb
all.
As
it pr
ogre
sses
, con
vuls
ions
and
hig
h fe
ver
may
occ
ur, a
nd if
unt
reat
ed, t
he a
nim
al
gene
rally
die
s w
ithin
24-
72 h
ours
.
Thia
min
e is
the
only
effe
ctiv
e th
erap
y, a
nd
treat
men
t can
resu
lt in
impr
ovem
ent i
n as
lit
tle a
s tw
o ho
urs,
if th
e di
seas
e is
cau
ght
early
eno
ugh.
Dos
age
is re
late
d to
bod
y w
eigh
t:
Use
500
mg/
ml t
hiam
in. S
tart
with
a g
ram
(1
000m
g) IM
for t
he fi
rst d
ose,
then
at l
east
50
0mg
per d
ay fo
r as
long
as
it ta
kes
for
com
plet
e re
cove
ry. G
ive
10cc
pen
icilli
n or
ally,
and
10c
c SQ
at fi
rst t
reat
men
t. Po
lio
can
be c
ause
d by
pla
nt th
iam
inas
e, o
r bac
te-
ria th
at e
ither
inhi
bit p
rodu
ctio
n of
thia
min
in
the
goat
s gu
t, or
con
sum
e th
e th
iam
in. S
ince
w
e do
nt k
now
wha
t the
orig
in is
, it i
s pr
e-fe
rred
to s
teril
ize
the
gut,
and
star
t ove
r. So
, th
e or
al p
enic
illin
will
kill
the
bact
eria
if th
at is
th
e ca
use.
On
the
mor
ning
of d
ay 2
, giv
e th
e go
at th
e C
alf P
ac a
nd 5
00m
g Th
iam
in o
rally
, an
d 50
0 m
g SQ
. Do
not r
epea
t any
of t
he
peni
cillin
. If t
he g
oat w
ill ea
t, fe
ed h
er. I
f she
ca
nt e
at, t
ube
her o
r dre
nch
her w
ith 1
00cc
of
Rev
ive
(1 b
ottle
50%
Dex
trose
, 20c
c B
co
mpl
ex, 5
cc B
12, 2
cc 5
00m
g/m
l thi
amin
e),
100c
c of
wat
er s
ever
al ti
mes
a d
ay u
ntil
she
can
eat.
App
endi
x A
. Dis
ease
s-Sy
mpt
oms
and
poss
ible
trea
tmen
ts.
Archival copy: for current recommendations see http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu or your local extension office.
The Herd Health Handbook for Goat Producers: Control of Parasites in Goats 15A
ppen
dix
A. D
isea
ses-
Sym
ptom
s an
d po
ssib
le tr
eatm
ents
.
Dis
ease
/Con
ditio
nSy
mpt
omTr
eatm
ent
Preg
nanc
y To
xem
ia –
a m
etab
olic
di
seas
e of
doe
s in
late
pre
gnan
cy.
Mos
t of t
he n
utrit
ion
is g
oing
to th
e ki
ds. S
imila
r to
keto
sis.
Ket
osis
is
afte
r bir
thin
g.
Leth
argy
and
loss
es o
f app
etite
ove
r on
e to
two
wee
ks, g
ener
ally
in v
ery
late
pr
egna
ncy.
Lim
ping
or s
wel
ling
of fe
et.
Lyin
g ar
ound
not
wan
ting
to g
et u
p.
Sw
eet-s
mel
ling
(ket
otic)
bre
ath.
Ket
osis
st
rips
can
be u
sed
to id
entif
y if
the
doe
is
keto
tic.
Giv
e do
e pr
opyl
ene
glyc
ol o
r Ket
oplu
s tw
ice
a da
y. W
e re
com
men
d 60
cc d
renc
h in
am
an
d pm
. You
can
als
o cr
eate
a m
ixtu
re o
f so
dium
bic
arbo
nate
with
wat
er a
nd g
ive
30cc
dr
ench
am
and
pm
. Hel
p ge
t the
doe
up
and
mov
ing
arou
nd d
urin
g th
e da
y an
d of
ferin
g fo
od.
Ano
ther
sol
utio
n: g
ive
her 3
Tbs
Cal
f Pac
/Pr
obio
s m
ixed
with
100
cc R
eviv
e (1
bot
tle
50%
Dex
trose
, 20c
c B
com
plex
, 5cc
B12
, 2c
c 50
0mg/
ml t
hiam
ine)
and
100
cc w
ater
. G
ive
the
doe
200c
c of
Rev
ive
ever
y 2
hour
s,
with
Cal
f Pac
/Pro
bios
in it
. Als
o, o
nce
you
get t
he d
oe a
wak
e, a
lway
s gi
ve a
lfalfa
, and
co
rn w
ith th
e sw
eet f
eed.
Giv
e he
r at l
east
6-
8 oz
. Mag
ic (1
par
t mol
asse
s, 1
par
t cor
n oi
l, 2
parts
Kay
o sy
rup)
at n
ight
.Q
Fev
er –
a b
acte
rial d
isea
se c
apab
le
of b
eing
tran
smitt
ed fr
om a
nim
als
to
peop
le c
ause
d by
Cox
iella
bur
netii
, a
ricke
ttsi
al o
rgan
ism
. Ani
mal
s sh
ed
the
orga
nism
in th
eir u
rine,
fece
s,
milk
, and
esp
ecia
lly in
thei
r bir
th
prod
ucts
.
Abo
rtion
or s
tillb
irths
occ
ur in
late
pre
g-na
ncy,
but
onl
y w
hen
the
plac
enta
has
be
en s
ever
ely
dam
aged
.
This
is a
REP
OR
TAB
LE A
ND
ZO
ON
OTI
C
dise
ase.
Tre
atm
ent i
s w
ith te
tracy
clin
e.
Plac
enta
s an
d ab
orte
d fe
tuse
s sh
ould
be
dest
roye
d by
bur
ning
. If y
ou s
uspe
ct Q
-Fev
er
in y
our h
erd,
con
tact
you
r loc
al v
eter
inar
ian
IMM
EDIA
TELY
!
Rin
gwor
ms
– Fu
ngal
con
ditio
n.G
rey-
whi
te c
rust
y ap
pear
ance
on
smal
l ar
eas
of s
kin.
Ski
n is
usu
ally
thic
kene
d an
d th
e ha
irs th
in o
r abs
ent.
Gen
eral
ly,
no it
chin
g or
evi
denc
e of
irrit
atio
n. E
n-la
rgem
ent o
f affe
cted
are
as o
ccur
s.
Fung
icid
al p
repa
ratio
ns a
pplie
d as
a li
quid
dr
essi
ng. A
ny o
f the
follo
win
g da
ily fo
r five
da
ys a
nd th
en w
eekl
y:?
-0.5
% li
me
sulp
hur
-1:1
0 bl
each
-1:3
00 C
apta
n
-1%
Bet
adin
e
Archival copy: for current recommendations see http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu or your local extension office.
The Herd Health Handbook for Goat Producers: Control of Parasites in Goats 16
Dis
ease
/Con
ditio
nSy
mpt
omTr
eatm
ent
Sore
mou
th -
Con
tagi
ous
Pust
ular
D
erm
atiti
s (O
RF)
– h
ighl
y in
fect
ious
vi
ral d
isea
se to
ani
mal
s an
d hu
man
s.
OR
F is
the
nam
e fo
r thi
s in
hum
ans.
Pim
ples
abo
ut th
e no
se, m
outh
, eye
s,
anus
and
hoo
fs tu
rnin
g to
wat
ery
blis
-te
rs, t
hen
to s
ticky
and
enc
rust
ed s
cabs
. S
wel
ling
of m
outh
and
gum
s. W
ill ru
n a
cour
se o
f aro
und
thre
e w
eeks
. Ani
mal
s ca
n di
e if
they
are
una
ble
to e
at o
r nur
se
beca
use
of th
e so
re m
outh
.
Diffi
cult.
Dre
ss w
ith a
ntib
iotic
spr
ay o
r oin
t-m
ent.
Isol
ate
infe
cted
ani
mal
s. T
here
is a
n O
vine
Ect
hym
a Va
ccin
e ag
ains
t sor
e m
outh
in
fect
ion
for a
ll an
imal
s. G
ivin
g th
e va
ccin
e to
infe
cted
ani
mal
s m
ay re
duce
the
time
to
reco
ver.
We
do n
ot re
com
men
d va
ccin
at-
ing.
Rec
omm
end
letti
ng th
e so
re m
outh
run
its c
ours
e of
3 w
eeks
and
trea
t the
sev
ere
case
s. U
se m
edic
atio
n w
ith C
epha
pirin
Ben
-za
thin
e in
it. T
wo
bran
ds a
re C
efa
Dri
and
Tom
orro
w. C
HX-
Gua
rd L
A g
el a
ntib
acte
rial
agen
t adh
eres
to th
e gu
ms
of in
fect
ed a
ni-
mal
s.Ta
pew
orm
s –
inha
bit t
he s
mal
l int
es-
tine.
Exa
min
atio
n of
the
goat
s dr
oppi
ngs.
Yo
ung
goat
s w
ill pa
ss ta
pew
orm
seg
-m
ents
(loo
ks li
ke g
rain
s of
whi
te ri
ce) i
n th
eir f
eces
dur
ing
the
sum
mer
mon
ths.
An
anth
elm
intic
suc
h as
alb
enda
zole
can
be
used
. Ora
l nic
losa
mid
e is
hig
hly
effe
ctiv
e.
Teta
nus
– in
fect
ion
of o
pen
wou
nds
by th
e ba
cter
ium
Clo
strid
ium
teta
ni
resu
lts in
teta
nus
(lock
jaw
).
A g
ener
al in
crea
se in
mus
cle
stiff
ness
is
seen
, cau
sing
an
unst
eady
gai
t. Ey
elid
be
gins
to e
xten
d ov
er th
e ey
e an
d an
imal
lo
oks
“anx
ious
.” Th
e sy
mpt
oms
get p
ro-
gres
sive
ly w
orse
and
con
vuls
ions
may
oc
cur.
The
goat
die
s be
caus
e it
is u
nabl
e to
bre
athe
.
Goa
ts c
an b
e tre
ated
with
ant
ibio
tics
such
as
pen
icilli
n an
d an
tiser
a, b
ut re
spon
se is
po
or. T
he s
ite o
f bac
teria
l pro
lifer
atio
n sh
ould
be
sea
rche
d fo
r and
whe
neve
r pos
sibl
e, th
e w
ound
or i
nfec
tion
site
sho
uld
be o
pene
d to
th
e ai
r, de
brid
ed, fl
ushe
d w
ith h
ydro
gen
per-
oxid
e an
d in
filtra
ted
with
pen
icilli
n. T
he a
rea
is in
filtra
ted
with
teta
nus
antit
oxin
bef
ore
the
wou
nd-c
lean
ing
proc
ess
is b
egun
to re
duce
th
e ch
ance
that
mor
e pr
eexi
stin
g to
xin
will
be
abso
rbed
dur
ing
tissu
e m
anip
ulat
ions
.To
xopl
asm
osis
– th
is is
ass
oci-
ated
with
a c
occi
dium
of c
ats.
Cat
s be
com
e in
fect
ed b
y co
nsum
ing
unco
oked
mea
t scr
aps,
pla
cent
as,
and
smal
l rod
ents
. Goa
ts b
ecom
e in
fect
ed b
y ea
ting
gras
s, h
ay o
r gra
in
cont
amin
ated
by
cat f
eces
.
It ca
n re
sult
in a
borti
on, s
tillb
irths
and
w
eak
kids
. Red
ucin
g ex
posu
re to
cat
m
ay h
elp
but i
t may
lead
to a
n in
crea
se
in ra
ts th
at c
arry
oth
er d
isea
ses.
No
effe
ctiv
e tre
atm
ent a
t thi
s tim
e.
App
endi
x A
. Dis
ease
s-Sy
mpt
oms
and
poss
ible
trea
tmen
ts.
Archival copy: for current recommendations see http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu or your local extension office.
The Herd Health Handbook for Goat Producers: Control of Parasites in Goats 17A
ppen
dix
A. D
isea
ses-
Sym
ptom
s an
d po
ssib
le tr
eatm
ents
.
Dis
ease
/Con
ditio
nSy
mpt
omTr
eatm
ent
Urin
ary
Cal
culi
(Uro
lithi
asis
) – a
har
d m
ass
of m
iner
al s
alts
in th
e ur
inar
y tr
act c
ause
d by
a d
ieta
ry m
iner
al
imba
lanc
e, u
sual
ly in
buc
ks.
Res
tless
ness
, stra
inin
g to
urin
ate,
paw
-in
g th
e gr
ound
, rec
urre
nt lo
okin
g at
its
own
abdo
men
, voc
al s
igns
of p
ain.
Mos
t tre
atm
ent m
ust b
e do
ne b
y ve
terin
ar-
ians
. Ofte
n re
quiri
ng th
e re
mov
al o
f the
tip
of
the
peni
s. O
r sur
gica
l rem
oval
of t
he c
alcu
li fro
m th
e bl
adde
r and
/or u
reth
ra.
Whi
te M
uscl
e D
isea
se –
def
icie
ncy
of
Vita
min
E a
nd S
elen
ium
.St
iffne
ss, w
eakn
ess
and
trem
blin
g. B
ack
legs
bec
ome
stiff
and
una
ble
to u
se. C
an
resu
lt in
dea
th.
Adm
inis
tratio
n of
sel
eniu
m, t
oget
her w
ith
vita
min
E.
Link
to a
map
sho
win
g co
untie
s Se
leni
um
leve
ls:
http
://tin
.er.u
sgs.
gov/
geoc
hem
/doc
/ave
rage
s/se
/usa
.htm
l.
Archival copy: for current recommendations see http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu or your local extension office.
The Herd Health Handbook for Goat Producers: Control of Parasites in Goats 18
TREA
TMEN
T R
ECO
RD
Trea
tmen
t D
ate
&Tim
eID
#C
ondi
tion
Trea
ted
Lbs.
Bod
y W
t.Tr
eatm
ent g
iven
, D
rug
Dos
e &
Rou
teW
ithdr
awal
Com
plet
e D
ate
& T
ime
Extr
a-la
bel U
se V
et
& In
stru
ctio
ns
App
endi
x B
. Exa
mpl
es o
f Rec
ords
Archival copy: for current recommendations see http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu or your local extension office.
The Herd Health Handbook for Goat Producers: Control of Parasites in Goats 19
AN
TIB
IOTI
CS
TREA
TMEN
T R
ECO
RD
ID o
f ani
mal
Nam
e of
dru
gU
sed
for
Rou
te
Am
t.W
/TC
ost
Dat
e gi
ven
VCPR
App
endi
x B
. Exa
mpl
es o
f Rec
ords
Archival copy: for current recommendations see http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu or your local extension office.
The Herd Health Handbook for Goat Producers: Control of Parasites in Goats 20
DEW
OR
MIN
G T
REA
TMEN
T R
ECO
RD
ID o
f Ani
mal
Nam
e of
D
ewor
mer
Dat
eW
t.R
oute
With
draw
alC
ost
App
endi
x B
. Exa
mpl
es o
f Rec
ords
Archival copy: for current recommendations see http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu or your local extension office.