the hellenistic world
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The Hellenistic World. 1. Macedonia. Philip II Reorganized Macedonian army Adopted the Phalanx system but modified it by using longer spears Also had larger bodies of archers and cavalry Conquered every major city-state in Greece except Sparta - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
The Hellenistic World
1. Macedoniaa. Philip II
i. Reorganized Macedonian army
1. Adopted the Phalanx system but modified it by using longer spears
2. Also had larger bodies of archers and cavalry
ii. Conquered every major city-state in Greece except Sparta
iii. Assassinated in 336 B.C.; Son Alexander became king
b. Alexander the Greati. 20 years old when
he became kingii. Student of
Aristotleiii. Re-established
control over Greece
iv. Attacked Persia in 334 B.C.1. Alexander’s army was smaller but was loyal
to him and was well2. Defeats Persian army
v. Attacked Egypt3. Welcomed as a liberator4. Named the new pharaoh
vi. Will try to take India but army refused to go on
vii. 323 B.C. Alexander dies in Babylon; he was 33 years old
viii. Had no heir
ix. Empire divided between his top 3 generals1. Antigonus- King of
Macedonia and Greece
2. Seleucus- Persian Empire
3. Ptolemy- Egypt
a. Blending Culturesi. Alexander helped create a new type of
culture called Hellenistic or “Greek-like”
2. Hellenistic World
b. Alexandriai. Built by Alexander, in Egyptii. Location of the Nile River was ideal for tradeiii. Built great palaces and grand monuments
1. The Museuma. Held many works of art
2. The Library of Alexandriaa. Contained many works on philosophy, literature,
history and the sciences
c. Life in the Hellenistic Worldi. Government
1. City-states were replaced with kingdoms2. Democracies became monarchies
ii. Women1. Gained the rights to receive an education and to
own property2. Legally they were not equal to men though
a. Philosophyi. Cynicism
1. Called cynics2. Rejected pleasure, wealth and social
responsibility3. Believed man should live according to nature
3. Hellenistic Achievements
ii. Epicureans1. Believed people should seek out pleasure
a. Pleasure is viewed as goodb. Pain was viewed as evil
2. Believed one should develop close friendships with people who shared similar ideas
iii. Stoicism1. Called Stoics2. Placed emphasis on reason, self-discipline,
emotional control and personal morality3. Believed people should find their role in
society and strive to fulfill it
b. Science and Technologyi. Euclid
1. Formulated many of the ideas of geometry that we still use today
ii. Eratosthenes1. Calculated the size of the globe
iii. Archimedes1. Developed the
compound pulley2. Invented the
mechanical screw
Mechanical ScrewCompound Pulley