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Graduate Program in Periodontology
Graduate Program in Periodontology
Class of 2012
Chairman – Prof. Lior Shapira
Program director – Prof. Moshe Goldstein
The Hadassah - Hebrew University
Faculty of Dental Medicine
The Department of Periodontology
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Faculty 3
Outlines and objectives of the program 4
I – Global objectives 4
II - Requirements for application to the Program: 4
III – Requirements and Objectives 4
III A Clinical Requirements 4
III B Didactic Requirements 5
III C Patients treatment 6
Didactic Seminars- Classical Literature in Periodontology 8
1. BIOSTATISTICS IN DENTISTRY 8
2. ANATOMY AND BIOLOGY OF THE PERIODONTIUM 8
3 PATHOGENESIS OF PERIODONTAL DISEASES 9
4. PERIODONTAL EXAMINATION 9
5 ETIOLOGY - PRIMARY AND SECONDAY FACTORS 10
6. SYSTEMIC FACTORS AND THE PERIODONTIUM 11
7 OCCLUSION 11
8 DIAGNOSIS, PROGNOSIS, TREATMENT PLANNING 12
9 AGGRESSIVE PERIODONTAL DISEASES 12
10 PERIODONTIC/ENDODONTIC RELATIONSHIPS 12
11 PERIODONTIC/RESTORATIVE RELATIONSHIPS 12
12 MECHANICAL AND CHEMICAL PLAQUE CONTROL 12
13 PHASE I THERAPY 13
14 Orthodontics/Minor Tooth Movement 13
15 PERIODONTAL SURGERY 14
16 GUIDED TISSUE REGENERATION 15
17 BONE GRAFTS AND OTHER FACTORS 15
18 MUCOGINGIVAL CONDITIONS AND SURGERY 15
19 MANAGEMENT OF FURCATIONS 16
20 MAINTENANCE, RECALL, RETREATMENT 16
21 NUG/NUP 16
Didactic Seminars – classical literature in Implantology 17
22 OSSEOINTERGRATION 17
23 DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT PLANNING 17
24 WOUND HEALING 17
25 FAILURES AND COMPLICATIONS 17
26 GUIDED BONE REGENERATION 17
27 IMMEDIATE POST_EXTRACTION IMPLANTATION 17
27 ESTHETIC ASPECTS OF IMPLANTOLOGY 17
Mandatory Educational Material 18
Guidelines for dental documentation and case presentation 19
Exams 21
Protocols and Forms 22
Administration Forms and Reports 24
Annex 1: Reference list for Didactic Seminars
Annex 2: 1st Year Seminars
Annex 3: 2nd
Year Seminars
Annex 4: 3nd
Year Seminars
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Faculty
Lior Shapira, DMD, PhD Professor of Periodntology - Chairman
Moshe Goldstein, DMD. Senior Lecturer in Periodontology – Program director
Ayala Stabholtz, DMD Clinical Professor of Periodontology
Avigdor Kliger, DMD, PhD Clinical Instructor in Periodontology
Shlomo Via, DMD Clinical Instructor in Periodontology
Aharon Sapir, DMD Clinical Instructor in Periodontology
Wilensky Asaf, DMD, PhD Clinical Instructor in Periodontology
Tendlich Moshe, DMD Clinical Instructor in Periodontology
Taly Chackartchi, DMD Clinical Instructor in Periodontology
Rawi Assad, DMD Clinical Instructor in Periodontology
David Pollak, DMD, PhD Clinical Instructor in Periodontology
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Outlines and objectives of the program
The graduate program in Periodontology of the Hebrew University and Hadassah Faculty of Dental
Medicine is a 3.5 years program: 3 years in the Dept of Periodontics (including an obligatory research
project which should be the equivalent of at least 6 month full time research) and 6 months obligatory
rotations (3 months of maxillo-facial surgery and 3 months of oral pathology or oral medicine). The program
enables the successful post graduate student to practice Periodontics and Oral Implants therapy at the
specialist level and to pass the Israeli National Board Examination for speciality recognition. The course
consists of classic and current literature review seminars, case presentation seminars, treatment of patients
with periodontal disease, and treatment of complex cases including pre-prosthetic surgery and oral implants.
At the end of the program, and after passing the final exam, the student will be entitled to a graduation
certificate.
I - GLOBAL OBJECTIVES
By the end of the program, candidate will be able to demonstrate:
1. Proficiency in the scientific basis of dentistry in general and periodontology in particular.
2. Proficient knowledge of clinical periodontics.
3. A broad knowledge of all aspects of clinical dentistry.
4. A broad knowledge of the interactions between oral and systemic diseases and the management of
medically compromised patient.
5. Clinical expertise in the diagnosis and management of all known diseases and disorders of the
periodontium.
6. Clinical expertise in diagnosis case selection, treatment planning and surgical aspects of oral
implantology.
7. Skills in critical evaluation of the scientific literature.
II - REQUIREMENTS FOR APPLICATION TO THE PROGRAM:
a) A dental degree from an accredited dental school.
b) Records of grades from the dental school, including class rank.
c) Three letters of recommendation from dental/scientific professionals.
III - REQUIREMENTS AND OBJECTIVES
A Clinical Requirements
During the program, the student will be required to complete:
a) Minimum 25 documented periodontal cases which include:
(1) 20 cases with minimum of 2 periodontal surgical procedures per case.
(2) Minimum 2 cases should have a significant prosthetic element in the treatment plan. At least in one of
the cases the prosthetic treatment should be performed by the student.
(3) Minimum 5 cases should include the placement of implants.
(4) Minimum 3 cases should include an element of orthodontic treatment.
b) Minimum 100 surgical procedures (not including implants).
c) Minimum 30 surgical implant procedures.
d) Minimum 1 case in which the implant borne restoration is performed by the student
e) Follow up and Supportive Periodontal Treatment to at least 20 patients that have been treated in the past
by graduates of the program.
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B Didactic Requirements
This part of the program is designed to provide detailed information and discussion of the literature related
to the topics below. Reading lists are provided to the students. The students will be expected to present
summaries and a critical evaluation of the texts for group discussions. All didactic teaching is carried out in
the form of seminars.
Year I - (periodontal diseases)
Course in biostatistics 10 hrs
Anatomy and biology of the periodontium 6 hrs
Pathogenesis of periodontal disease 6 hrs
Etiology of periodontal disease 10 hrs
Systemic factors affecting the periodontium 2 hrs
Occlusal relations to periodontal disease 2 hrs
Diagnosis, prognosis and treatment planning 6 hrs
Aggressive periodontitis 4 hrs
Periodontic-endodontic relationships 2 hrs
Periodontic-restorative relationships 2 hrs
Mechanical and chemical plaque control 8 hrs
Introduction to Implantology 6 hrs
Year II (periodontal diseases)
Phase-1 therapy 6 hrs
Periodontal surgery 12 hrs
Guided tissue regeneration 6 hrs
Bone grafts and factors 4 hrs
Mucogingival surgery 4 hrs
Treatment of furcation involvement 2 hrs
Maintenance for periodontal patient 2 hrs
Genetics of periodontal disease 2 hrs
NUG/NUP 2 hrs
Interaction of Periodontal therapy – other fields of Dentistry 12 hrs
Year III (dental implants)
Osseointegration 2 hrs
Diagnosis and treatment planning for dental implants 4 hrs
Wound healing 4 hrs
Principles of surgery 8 hrs
Implants specifics: anatomy, surface, characteristics, etc. 8 hrs
Failure and complications of dental implants 8 hrs
Restoration of dental implants 2 hrs
Guided bone regeneration / Bone augmentation 10 hrs
Sinus augmentation 8 hrs
Pre-clinical course in surgical periodontal techniques (first year)
The student will be familiar with the various techniques in periodontal surgery, instruments, and suturing
techniques. At the end of the course, the student will be able to perform surgeries under supervision.
Pre-clinical course in surgical implant techniques (first year)
The student will be familiar with the various concepts and techniques in implant surgery, instruments, and
suturing techniques. At the end of the course, the student will be able to perform implant surgeries under
supervision.
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C Patients treatment
1. Objectives
The student must be proficient in collecting clinical, radiographic and laboratory data, making clinical
diagnosis of the various forms of periodontal disease, and in preparing a treatment plan for each patient.
The student is required to fully document each phase of treatment (slides, models, periodontal chart,
radiographs,etc.) in order to present these cases for evaluation.
2. Clinical requirements
Each student will be expected to perform the following procedures on his patients:
(1) Antiinfective therapy
(2) Minor surgical procedures (not including periodontal surgery)
(3) All aspects of periodontal surgery
(4) All aspects of surgical implantology
(5) Periodontal supportive therapy
Additional dental treatments (restorative, endodontic, prosthetic, orthodontic) will be carried out by the
referring dentist or the student . The student is required to be the one performing the restorative and
prosthetic treatments at least on one case.
3. The student is expected to
(1) Become familiar with the recommended instruments for antiinfective therapy
(2) Be able to make a complete and thorough investigation of the patients periodontal problems and
document them thoroughly. He/she must be able to make a diagnosis and suggest a treatment plan, with
various alternatives. The student must discuss the treatment plan with the referring dentist and ensure that
the restorative aspects of the therapy are correctly integrated with the periodontal treatment.
The student must then be able to carry out the antiinfective therapy - oral hygiene instructions, scaling and
root planning, the use of local and systemic antibiotics and other antibacterial devices and materials in order
to control and arrest the inflammatory process.
(3) Have insights into the problems arising from occlusal trauma including orthodontic aspects and temporo-
mandibular joint dysfunctions. These problems should be treated with a specialist in the field.
(4) Be familiar with the following periodontal surgical techniques and be able to perform these procedures
when indicated, including aftercare:
a. Gingivectomy and local excision
b. All the techniques of open flap debridment.
c. Apically positioned flaps
d. Root resection of various roots
e. Pre prosthetic surgical procedures
f. Mucogingival surgery (Free gingival grafts, connective tissue grafts, lateraly and coronally sliding flaps)
g. Guided tissue regeneration
h. Use of bone replacement materials
(5) Be able:
a. To evaluate patients and sites for dental implant therapy.
b. Evaluate radiographs including periapical, panoramic, tomographic and cephlostat views as well as CT-
scans for dental implants.
c. Perform various forms of GBR and other bone regeneration techniques.
d. Perform the surgical phases of implant therapy.
(6) Be able to evaluate the results of treatment and to carry out procedures required to maintain the case.
Case reports
During all three years of study in the department, each student will be required to present the various phases
of treatment carried out on their patients for group discussion. This will provide students the opportunity to
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see and discuss a wide range of problems. Emphasis will be placed on diagnosis, treatment planning and
clinical decision making according to the published scientific literature and its clinical implementation.
Research project
During the 3-year course, each student will carry out a research project. The project could be either in basic
sciences related to Periodontology or a clinical research project. During the first year of the program, the
students will be exposed to the research projects going on in the department. By the end of the first year,
they will have had to choose a mentor and to present a research proposal to the program director. The project
has to be completed and a written thesis presented to the director prior to the student graduation. The student
will be asked to present his findings to the department in the form of a seminar.
Overview of time allocation (hours per week)
1st year 2
nd year 3
rd year
Didactic seminars - classical periodontal
literature reviews
2 2
Didactic seminars – classical implantology
literature reviews
2
Didactic seminars – current literature in
periodontology and implantology
2 2 2
Treatment planning seminars 1 1
Perio-prosthesis seminar 2 2 2
Periodontal surgical techniques 1
Current literature reviews 1 1 1
Case report presentations 1 1 1
Surgical techniques - implantology 1
Treatment of patients 16 16 16
Instruction to undergraduate students 5 5 5
Research project 8 8 8
Library and lab preparation time 3 4 5
Total hours 43 42 42
Assessment procedure
During the program, the performance of each student will be assessed every 6 months by each of his
instructors. The assessment will be done on a special questionnaire (see the attached form – appendix 6.1)
and given to the course director. At the end of each academic year, an examination will be given to the
students on the subjects of all the didactic seminars taught during that year. The student will be given a
grade at the end of each year based on the assessment of the instructors and on the results of the
examination.A pass grade must be obtained in order to advance to the next year.
At the end of the program, a final evaluation will be performed by the teaching faculty. Students that will
pass the final evaluation will be allowed to apply to the Israeli Board Certification Examinations and the
EFP Diploma Examination.
In order to obtain the Israeli Board Certification the student have to
a. Pass a written multiple-choice exam on all the didactic aspects of Periodontology and Implantology
prepared by the Periodontal Committee of thr Dental Scientific Council
b. After passing the first exam, to present 5 fully documented cases to the Board of Examiners. The
candidate will take an oral exam presenting and discussing the diagnostic elements and treatment plans of 3
of these cases. Furthermore, the candidate must be prepared to answer question related to general subjects in
Periodontology.
After passing the final exam, the student will be entiteld to request a Specialist in Periodontology Diploma
from the Israeli Ministry of Health.
In order to obtain the EFP Diploma the student will have to present 5 fully documented cases and a report of
the research project to a Board of Examiners according to the requirements of the EFP . The candidate will
take on oral exam presenting the clinical cases and the research program. After passing the exam the student
will be entitled to request the EFP Certification Diploma
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Didactic Seminars- Classical Literature in Periodontology
1. BIOSTATISTICS IN DENTISTRY 1. Reasearch Designs
2. Clinical trials
3. Diagnostic tests
4. Multiple linear regression
5. Repeated measures
6. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses
7. Bayesian statistics
8. Evidence and evidence-based medicine
"Further statistics in dentistry". 10 articles in the British Dental Journal :
Vol 193. No 7.to No. 12, 2002
Vol 194. No 1 to No. 4,. 2003
This is obligatory reading BEFORE starting the first year course.
2. ANATOMY AND BIOLOGY OF THE PERIODONTIUM
A. Gingival Epithelium &Junctional Epithelium
Gingival epithelium: Discussion Topics
1. Is gingival color as insignificant as some articles suggest?
2. What is the clinical and surgical significance of the difficulty in identifying the mucogingival junction?
3. Draw the principle fibers of the periodontium. Is there a relationship between any of these fiber groups and
periosteum?
4. What is the range of the width of keratinized gingiva? How much gingiva is enough? Is there a correlation
between gingival width and gingival health?
5. Describe the blood supply to the gingiva and its effect on flap design (e.g., How wide must one make a flap base?
What is the effect of a split thickness flap?)
6. What causes stippling at the histologic level? Is the presence or absence of stippling important?
7. What determines whether or not tissue is keratinized?
Epithelial attachment: Discussion Topics
1. What are the various modes of intercellular attachment?
2. Is gingival sulcus necessary and/or desirable?
3. What is the "biologic width" and what is its significance?
4. What is the turnover rate of the oral epithelia? Draw and label the exfoliation of the cells of the junctional
epithelium.
5. What is the embryogenesis of the junctional epithelium?
6. How does the junctional epithelium heal after excision? After incision?
7. Can and/or should sulcular epithelium be keratinized? Why?
8. Describe the changes that occur in the junctional epithelium at the light and electron microscope level in disease.
9. How does a periodontal pocket form?
B. Connective Tissue, Periodontal Ligament, & Bone
Connective tissue, periodontal ligament: Discussion Topics
1. List the various types of collagen and where they are found.
2. Discuss collagen biosynthesis.
3. How is collagen degraded? What cells are involved?
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4. What causes the distinctive cross-banding of a collagen?
5. What are the dimensions of the PDL?
6. How does the PDL accommodate continuous tooth eruption?
7. What changes occur in the collagen in disease?
8. Draw and label the PDL fibers.
9. What is the clinical significance of epithelial rests in the PDL?
Bone : Discussion Topics
1. Discuss the normal deposition and resorption of bone, and how these processes are affected by host and microbial
factors in periodontitis.
2. Compare clinical and radiographic means for determining osseous anatomy. Account for the differences obtained
by the various means.
3. What are the different types of bone at the histologic level? What type(s) constitute alveolar bone?
4. What are the different cells associated with bone? What is the origin of these cells?
5. What is "positive bone factor?" What is the role of systemic factors in bone health?
C. Cementum, Gingival Fluid: Discussion Topics
1. Compare and contrast the gross anatomy, histology, histochemistry and embryogenesis of cementum and bone.
2. What changes occur in cementum upon exposure to the oral cavity? What is the clinical significance of these
changes? Should they be reversed or modified? How and why?
3. Does the body have the ability to repair or replace cementum? If so, how and under what conditions?
4. Is gingival fluid a transudate or an exudate?
5. What is the diagnostic significance of gingival fluid?
6. Discuss the composition of gingival fluid.
3 PATHOGENESIS OF PERIODONTAL DISEASES
A. Epidemiology: Discussion Topics
1. Develop a table listing the commonly used indices and their characteristics.
2. Discuss trends in prevalence and severity of adult periodontitis.
3. Do you use indices in your practice? Defend your answer.
4. Do patients benefit from periodontal therapy?
5. What are the common experimental designs for clinical trials, and the pros and cons of each?
6. What is the best "unit" to evaluate in periodontal clinical studies, and why?
7. Should indices or actual measurements be used in research? Why?
8. What is wrong with "mean" data?
9. How accurately can measurements be made with a periodontal probe?
10. What is "regression toward the mean," and what is its effect on periodontal research?
B. Progression of disease with and without treatment
4. PERIODONTAL EXAMINATION
Discussion Topics
1. List the various means for determining “disease activity” and the pros and cons of each.
2. Draw the location of the probe tip in health and disease.
3. What are the criteria for the "ideal" determinant of disease activity?
4. What are the likely future trends in disease activity research?
5. How do you determine disease activity in your patients? Why?
6. Discuss the various theories of disease activity, and attempt to resolve the differences between them.
7. Do all periodontal diseases behave in a similar fashion? If not, why?
8. Account for the differences in disease activity between and within patients.
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5 ETIOLOGY - PRIMARY AND SECONDAY FACTORS
A. Plaque, Microbiology of Specific Disease Entities: Discussion Topics
1. Discuss the specific and nonspecific plaque theories. How specific are the different forms of periodontitis?
2. Develop a chart listing various bacteria associated with different periodontal diseases.
3. Discuss the microbiology of root caries and the relationship to periodontitis organisms.
4. Trace the clinical and microbiological changes that occur after cessation of tooth cleaning.
5. What is the relationship between subgingival plaque and supragingival plaque and systemic factors?
6. How do you account for disease recurrence in properly treated patients?
7. Is periodontitis an inflammatory process or an infection?
8. How do you account for severe and/or rapid attachment loss in the presence of little observable plaque?
9. How do you monitor the quantity and type of plaque in your patients' mouths? Why? What do you do with this
information?
10. What is the significance of soft and hard tissue invasion by plaque microorganisms? What impact does this
observation have on therapy?
11. Prove that plaque causes periodontal diseases. Develop your argument using as many different types of
experimental design as you can.
12. Are some periodontal diseases precursors for other periodontal diseases? Is it possible to have multiple
periodontal diseases simultaneously?
13. What are the advantages and limitations of various chairside and laboratory techniques for identification of
periodontopathogens?
B. Calculus and Other Local Factors: Discussion Topics
1. How is calculus attached to the tooth?
2. Why is it necessary to remove calculus? Cite examples from in vitro, human, and animal studies.
3. Compare and contrast supra and subgingival calculus.
4. Why is calculus harmful? Is all calculus harmful?
5. Is all calculus the result of neglect?
6. What factors in restorative dentistry are critical to periodontal health, and why?
7. Discuss the impact of food impaction, overhangs, and smoking on periodontal disease.
8. What is(are) the leading cause(s) of recession? How is it best treated?
C. Smoking and Periodontitis
D. Pathogenesis – Inflammation: Discussion Topics
1. Does inflammation really "spread?
2. When we treat periodontal diseases, are we treating inflammation or infection?
3. What is the significance of bacterial penetration of the pocket wall in our therapy?
4. Describe Page & Schroeder's model in details.
5. Has this model been modified? If so, how?
6. List enzymes implicated in periodontal destruction and their origin. Do these enzymes have any therapeutic or
diagnostic significance?
7. Does all gingivitis become periodontitis? Is gingivitis a prerequisite for periodontitis?
8. What is the role of the PMN in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease?
E. Pathogenesis – Immunology: Discussion Topics
1. Has a knowledge of immunology altered your practice in any way? If so, how?
2. Draw a schematic view of the immune system in humans. Where does the HIV virus attack?
3. What are the problems associated with attempts to develop a vaccine against periodontal diseases?
4. What is the relationship between the compliment cascade, kinins, the clotting mechanism, and the immune
system? What role do each of these play in periodontal diseases?
5. What is the role of immunity in the etiology of periodontitis? What is the role of inflammation?
6. What is the role of immunity in the treatment of periodontitis? What is the role of inflammation?
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7. Discuss the common laboratory procedures to test the immune system and its components. Will any of these have
any clinical application in periodontics in the future?
8. Does immunosuppression improve or hamper periodontal therapy?
9. What is the overall impact of the immune system in periodontal disease - is it primarily helpful or harmful?
10. What are the problems associated with attempts to develop a vaccine against plaque organisms?
F. Pathogenesis – Genetics: Discussion Topics
1. What is the impact of genetics on the expression of Periodontal diseases?
2. What is the role of HLA and expression of periodontal disease?
3. Discuss the logic of the relationships between genes of inflammatory mediators and periodontal disease.
4. The importance and future use of genetics in the treatment of Periodontal Disease.
6. SYSTEMIC FACTORS AND THE PERIODONTIUM
Discussion Topics
1. What is the relationship between uncontrolled diabetics and periodontal diseases and their treatment? Also answer
the above question for controlled diabetics.
2. What changes occur histologically in diabetics that may account for their periodontal findings?
3. What laboratory tests are available for screening suspected diabetics? Of these, which are most useful and why?
4. Draw a glucose tolerance curve for a normal and a diabetic patient.
5. What is the effect of progesterones and estrogens on the periodontium?
6. Do you make specific nutritional recommendations to your patients? If so, what are the recommendations? When
are they made? Defend them.
7. What group(s) of patients in our society is(are) most likely to be suffering from a nutritional deficiency?
8. Discuss the role of nutrition in wound healing.
9. How does aging affect the periodontium, periodontal disease progression, and your therapy?
10. Discuss the effect of chemotherapy and radiation on the periodontium. Under what circumstances would you
consider performing periodontal surgery on such a patient
7 OCCLUSION
Discussion Topics
1. In an otherwise healthy periodontium, does trauma from occlusion cause?
2. In a diseased periodontium, what does trauma from occlusion cause?
3. Discuss “buttressing bone”.
4. Discuss the relationship, if any, between furcation invasions and occlusal trauma.
5. Define:
a. occlusal traumatism
b. trauma from occlusion
c. traumatogenic occlusion
d. primary occlusal trauma
e. secondary occlusal trauma
f. combined occlusal trauma
6. What are the signs of occlusal trauma? The symptoms?
7. Discuss the rationale and techniques for splinting.
8. What is the relationship between mobility and trauma from occlusion? Does all mobility result from trauma? Does
all trauma result in mobility?
9. When should occlusal trauma be treated in the normal sequence of periodontal therapy? Why?
10. What technique do you use in your practice to adjust the occlusion? Defend that philosophy.
11. What do you say to those who claim that periodontal disease is an occlusal problem rather than an infection?
12. What are the histologic effects of trauma on the periodontium? To what extent are they reversible?
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8 DIAGNOSIS, PROGNOSIS, TREATMENT PLANNING
Discussion Topics
1. Discuss the limitations of radiographs.
2. Are panoramic radiographs ever of value in periodontics?
3. Discuss the correlation between radiographs, probing and actual attachment loss.
4. What is the relationship between linear attachment loss as revealed on an x-ray and the amount of surface area of
attachment that has been lost?
5. When determining prognosis for individual teeth, how much importance do you place upon mobility, furcation
invasions, attachment level, rate of destruction, and plaque control?
9 AGGRESSIVE PERIODONTAL DISEASES
Discussion Topics
1. Compare and contrast the clinical, microbiological, and immunological profiles of aggressive periodontitis and
adult periodontitis.
2. How do treatment methods vary among these diseases?
3. Trace the historical trends in the LJP literature.
4. Discuss the role of genetics in these diseases.
10 PERIODONTIC/ENDODONTIC RELATIONSHIPS
Discussion Topics
1. Classify perio/endo lesions. How do you distinguish between the various classes clinically?
2. What is the relationship between pulpal and periodontal diseases?
3. What are the advantages and disadvantages of vital root resection?
4. Discuss the etiology, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of incomplete crown root fractures.
5. Discuss the etiology, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of ankylosis, resorption, and perforations.
11 PERIODONTIC/RESTORATIVE RELATIONSHIPS
Discussion Topics
1. You have been asked to address a group of restorative dentists. Develop an outline of topics/high points that you
would want to discuss with them.
2. What are your feelings on the use of severely compromised teeth in extensive fixed restorations?
3. Discuss periodontist/restorative dentist interactions, especially with regard to treatment planning and maintenance.
12 MECHANICAL AND CHEMICAL PLAQUE CONTROL
A. Mechanical Plaque Control: Discussion Topics
1. Is it realistic to expect long-term changes in plaque control? Why? So what?
2. Prove that flossing and brushing are better than other means of plaque removal.
3. Is chemical plaque removal a feasible alternative to mechanical removal?
4. Do you use a plaque index? For what reason? If not, why?
5. Discuss various types and relative effectiveness of electric plaque removal devices.
6. Discuss various types and relative effectiveness of various motivational techniques.
7. What degree of plaque control is acceptable? Why?
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B. Chemical Plaque Control: Discussion Topics
1. Do you use chlorhexidine in your practice? Describe your rationale and defend it.
2. Discuss the pros and cons of the "Keyes technique."
3. Discuss the relative effectiveness of:
Phenols
Sanguinaria
Fluorides
4. Discuss oral irrigation.
13 PHASE I THERAPY
A. Scaling & Root Planing: Discussion Topics
1. Why do you scale and root plane teeth?
2. How much scaling is enough?
3. Do fibroblasts or epithelial cells care if the surface is smooth or hard?
4. Discuss alternative root detoxification techniques.
5. Discuss reinfection after scaling.
6. How significant a problem is bacteremia after scaling and root planing?
7. Describe the possible healing sequences after scaling and root planing and give the approximate times for various
milestones.
B. Non Surgical approaches to Periodontal Therapy - Pro’s & Con’s: Discussion Topics
1. Is periodontal surgery necessary? Defend your answer!
2. Compare the effectiveness of open and closed scaling and root planing.
3. Discuss some of the statistical problems associated with the studies in this section.
4. Discuss the realities of maintenance, cost, manpower, etc. in a large scale nonsurgical practice.
5. What is an acceptable end-point in therapy?
6. How do you determine that nonsurgical therapy is failing? What do you do in such a situation?
C. Chemotherapeutics –Antibiotics and Anti-inflammatory Agents: Discussion Topics
1. Develop a table listing specific drugs for specific bacteria and specific diseases.
2. Which periodontal diseases have the strongest rationale for antibiotic therapy?
3. Which periodontal diseases have the weakest rationale for antibiotic therapy?
4. List the pros and cons of antibiotic usage in periodontics.
5. What sort of antibiotic regimen do you use in your practice? Justify your answer
D. Local Drug Delivery
14. Orthodontics/Minor Tooth Movement
Discussion Topics
1. When in periodontal therapy should minor tooth movement be performed? Why?
2. Discuss the advantages and problems associated with molar uprighting.
3. Can osseous defects be made smaller through orthodontics? Is there any reason why one might not want to
perform this procedure?
4. What is the relationship between mucogingival problems and tooth movement? Is prophylactic gingival
grafting ever indicated? When?
5. How do you treat patients with severe overbites who are impinging on the palate?
6. What is the relationship between tooth movement and inflammation?
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15. PERIODONTAL SURGERY
A. Basic Principles of Periodontal Surgery and Wound Healing: Discussion Topics
1. Describe the healing of the epithelium, connective tissue, bone, PDL, and cementum after reflection of a full
thickness flap for the first 6 months postop in chronological order.
2. Describe the healing following denudation of:
Facial alveolar bone
Interproximal alveolar bone
3. Discuss the pros and cons of split and full thickness flaps.
4. Draw flap design options for management of:
Edentulous areas
Tuberosities
Retromolar areas
5. Draw sulcular, crestal and subcrestal incisions. Discuss their uses.
6. Do you use a dressing? When, and why?
7. Defend your choice of suture material and suturing technique(s).
8. List your postoperative instructions and defend them.
9. What are the most common postsurgical complications and their management? B. Gingival Curettage, Gingivectomy, ENAP and Lasers: Discussion Topics
1. What is an unembellished gingivectomy? Does this concept have any application in other forms of periodontal
surgery?
2. What are the current indications and contraindications for the gingivectomy?
3. Compare and contrast the ENAP and subgingival curettage procedures.
4. In view of the difficulty in removing pocket epithelium as noted in an earlier seminar, what might the rationale for
subgingival curettage be?
5. Describe the sequence of wound healing for the periodontal tissues after gingivectomy, subgingival curettage, and
ENAP.
6. Discuss the effectiveness of these three procedures in long-term maintenance of the dentition. Is there a place for
these procedures in modern periodontics? If so, what?
C. Osseous Resective Surgery : Discussion Topics
1. Do you perform osseous surgery? Defend your answer!
2. Discuss the pros and cons of different instrumentations for osseous surgery.
3. Describe the healing sequence in the hard and soft tissues following osseous surgery.
4. How stable are the long-term results following osseous surgery?
5. Do you agree with the concept of "physiologic architecture?" Why, or why not?
6. Is osseous surgery an effective method to retain teeth? How does it compare with other techniques?
7. What are the disadvantages of osseous surgery?
8. Are longer teeth really easier for patients to keep clean?
D. Open Flap Debridement: Discussion Topics
1. What are the differences and similarities between the modified Widman flap, open flap curettage, and replaced
flaps? What names, if any, do you associate with these procedures?
2. What were the original objectives of these procedures? Are they achievable? Do they differ from the current
objectives?
3. Describe the wound healing following each of these procedures.
4. How does surgical therapy compare with nonsurgical therapy?
5. How do you explain the fact that some studies show no difference between surgery and non-surgery
E. Additional Surgical Procedures
15
F. Root Surface Modification: Discussion Topics
1. What is the rationale for the use of the various root surface agents?
2. Do they work as advertised? Are there species-specific differences?
3. Is it possible that this type of therapy may replace mechanical root surface management?
16 GUIDED TISSUE REGENERATION
Discussion Topics
4. Compare and contrast guided tissue regeneration, coronally positioned flaps, and denudation procedures.
5. Discuss the healing following each of these techniques.
6. Is true regeneration (new bone, cementum, and PDL) possible and/or predictable?
7. Discuss the various materials that have been utilized for GTR and the pros and cons of each.
8. Discuss advantages, disadvantages of bioresorbable and non-resorbable barriers.
9. Discuss the different types of barriers.
17 BONE GRAFTS AND OTHER FACTORS
Discussion Topics
1. Describe the clinical applications for each of the osseous grafting materials, their relative effectiveness, unique
properties, and wound healing sequence.
2. What is the long term effectiveness of osseous grafting?
3. How does osseous grafting compare with non-grafting surgical techniques?
4. Many non-grafting articles show much more bone fill than the control sites in grafting articles. Why?
5. Is grafting necessary? Is not the mere arresting of the disease process sufficient?
6. Discuss grafting in various periodontal defects and furcations.
7. Discuss the preparation of allografts and alloplasts.
8. Discuss the ethical considerations in osseous grafting.
9. When is osseous grafting not the treatment of choice?
10. Discuss the use of local factors to enhance periodontal regeneration.
A. Autogenous bone
B. Allografts
C. Alloplasts
D. Xenografts
E. EMD
F. Local factors, BMP, general
18 MUCOGINGIVAL CONDITIONS AND SURGERY
Discussion Topics
1. How much gingiva is enough? How do you respond to those who state that keratinized gingiva is not required for
health?
2. Are the studies comparing treatment modalities based on a comparison of health and disease or merely width of
the keratinized gingiva?
16
3. What is the relationship between gingival health and gingival width? What other factors must be considered when
determining whether a site requires mucogingival surgery?
4. What is your rationale for performing mucogingival surgery?
5. Compare and contrast thick and thin free gingival grafts.
6. Discuss wound healing after free grafts, laterally positioned flaps, and coronally positioned flaps.
7. What are some of the common post-surgical complications following muco-gingival surgery and how should they
be managed?
8. What is the relationship between root coverage and:
a. Interproximal bone?
b. Supra-eruption?
c. Root prominence?
d. Orthodontics?
9. Does the age of the patient play a role in your decision to treat or not? Why?
19 MANAGEMENT OF FURCATIONS
Discussion Topics
1. Discuss the etiology, incidence, and distribution of furcation invasions.
2. Discuss the diagnosis and prognosis of furcation invasions by tooth type and compare to single rooted teeth.
3. Discuss the anatomical considerations in management of furcation invasions.
4. Discuss the relative long-term effectiveness of various treatment modalities in the management of furcation
invasions.
5. Discuss the restorative considerations of teeth with furcation invasions, especially those which have been resected.
20 MAINTENANCE, RECALL, RETREATMENT
Discussion Topics
1. When is active periodontal therapy completed?
2. Discuss the reported level of patient compliance with maintenance recommendations. What are the implications
for periodontal practice?
3. Why is maintenance necessary? Why is there no "cure" for periodontal disease?
4. In a surgically treated site, when whould maintenance begin?
5. What are your customary maintenance recommendations? How often do you see most patients, and what is
performed at these visits? Who provides maintenance care?
6. Discuss the roles of the hygienist and the referring dentist.
7. Discuss retreatment.
21 NUG/NUP
Discussion Topics
1. What characteristics make NUG a unique periodontal disease?
2. What is the relative importance of nonbacterial factors in NUG?
3. Discuss treatment for NUG.
4. What medical factors should be considered in the diagnosis of NUG?
5. How should a nonresponsive NUG patient be treated?
6. What is the outcome of untreated or recurrent NUG?
17
Didactic Seminars – classical literature in Implantology
22 OSSEOINTERGRATION
Discussion Topics
1. Define osseointegration. What are the other tissue/implant interfaces?
2. Discuss the pros and cons of the major implant systems.
3. Discuss periodontal maintenance of implant cases.
4. What is peri-implantitis and how is it treated?
5. What are the anatomic considerations in implant placement?
6. Does the preop workup for implants vary with differing sites in the mouth? Why?
7. Do implants work? Prove it!
8. Which patients are the best candidates for implants? Which are the worst?
23 DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT PLANNING
24 WOUND HEALING
A. Histology
B Microbiology
25 FAILURES AND COMPLICATIONS
A. Complications
B. Failing Implants
C. Restorative Complications
26 GUIDED BONE REGENERATION
27. IMMEDIATE POST_EXTRACTION IMPLANTATION
26 SINUS AUGMENTATION
27. ESTHETIC ASPECTS OF IMPLANTOLOGY
Didactic Seminars – current literature in Periodontology and Implantology
The students will read and summarize the articles published in the compulsatory reading journals on a
weekly basis. Selected articles will be analised and disscused during the seminars. At the end of the program
the students will have an overall, organized summing up of the required current literature for the final
examination.
18
Mandatory Educational Material
I. Books (Last edition)
Textbook of Clinical Periodontology and Implantology. Lindhe J. Munksgaard.
II Journals
Journal of Periodontology
Journal of Clinical Periodontology
Clinical Oral Implant Research (COIR)
Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants (JOMI)
Perioodntology 2000
III. Clinical camera for intra oral photography
(90-105 macro + ring flash)
IV. Laptop computer for presentations.
19
Guidelines for dental documentation and case presentation
Documentation
Pre- anti infective phase
Medical and dental history
Complete periodontal chart
Plaque score (%)
Bleeding score (%)
Study casts
Oral photographs (slides) - 9 views
a. Extra oral photographs - Front and lateral face
b. Occlusal evaluation
c. Full mouth radiographs using the parallelling technique
Microbiologocal test
Medical tests as required
Re-evaluation
Updated medical history
Oral photographs(slides) - 9 views
Plaque and bleeding scores
Complete periodontal chart
Any additional radiographs needed for re-evaluating treatmen
Microbiological test
Corrective phase and Surgical therapy
Probing to bone measures
Photographs: 1. pre-incision
2. incision
3. after removal of granulation tissue
4. after any special treatment (e.g. root resect, bone graft, membrane, etc)
5. after suturing
6. at suture removal
7. 2-3 weeks post op.
8. 6 week post op.
9. 1 year post op.
For cases that involve restorative therapy (implants and natural dentition): Radiographs at the end of
the restorative phase
Maintenance phase
Updated medical history (at least every 6 months)
Complete periodontal chart (at least every 6 months)
Oral photographs every 6 months
Oral radiographs of surgical sites one year after surgery
Complete series of peri-apical X-rays 2 years after active therapy
20
Case presentations
P = photograph
X = X-ray
D = Description
Examination and innitial therapy
Left Right
1 Frontal View of face (P) Age, sex, major complaint (D)
2 Dental history (D) Medical history (D)
3 Lateral View of face (P) extra oral examination (D)
4 Frontal oral view (P) Intra oral examination (D)
5 Rt. BW X-ray (X)
Rt. buccal view (P)
6 Lt. BW X-ray (X) Lt. buccal view (P)
7 Upper Rt. periapical X-rays (X) Rt. maxillary teeth, palatal view (P)
8 Ant. maxilla-periapical X-rays (X) Ant. maxillary teeth, palatal view (P)
9 Upper Lt.-periapical X-rays (X) Lt. maxillary teeth, palatal view (P)
10 Lower Lt.-periapical X-rays (X) Lt mandibular teeth, lingual view (P)
11 Ant. mand.-periapical X-rays (X) Ant. mandib. teeth, lingual view (P)
12 Lower Rt.-periapical X-rays (X) Rt.mandibular teeth, lingual view (P)
13 Models (P) Occlusal analysis (D)
14 Upper charting (P) Lower chart (P)
15 Prognosis (D) Summary of signs & symptoms (D)
16 Initial treatment plan (D) Diagnosis (D)
17 Frontal oral view at re-eval (P) Re-eval – Summary findings (D)
18 Upper charting at re-eval (P) Lower chart at re-eval (P)
19 Attachment Level Chart
20 Detailed phase 2 treatment-plan (D) Detailed phase 2 treatment-plan
Surgical Procedures
20 pre op. – buccal view pre op.- palato/lingual
21 First incision-buccal view First incision-palato/lingual
22 After debridment- buccal view Post debridment-palato/lingual
23 Special procedure-buccal view Special procedure-palato/lingual
24 Suturing buccal-view Suturing-palato/lingual
25 Suture removal-buccal view Suture removal-palato/lingual
26 3 month post op-buccal view 3 month post op-palato/lingual
Maintenance phase - As 1 to 12 slides
21
Exams
At the end of yeach academic year there will be an interim exam comprised of:
Part 1: questions based on the subjects abd articles discussed during the classical literature seminars
Part 2: questions based on the current literature published during the year
The passing grade is 70%. In case of failure, the situation of the student will be discussed and decided by the
department faculty.
I wish you you success
Prof. Moshe Goldstein
Program Director
22
Protocols and Forms
6.1 GRADUATE STUDENT BI-ANNUAL ASSESMENT FORM
Instructor
Student Evaluation
Patient evaluation
Clinical and radiographic evaluation
Diagnosis & prognosis
Treatment planning
Anti infective phase
Procedure selection & sequence
Clinical performance
Knowledge implementation
Surgical phase
Procedure selection & sequence
Anesthesia & pain control
Clinical performance
Knowledge implementation
Time management
General
Understanding of scientific data
Implementation of scientific data
Proficiency in relevant literature
Proficiency in clinical proceedings
Personal
Thorougness & strictness
Enthusiasm
Behaviour - patients & faculty
Amenable to advice
Concern for patients well being
Records keeping
Signature: ____________________________ Date______________________
Program Director: _______________
Faculty Advisor Recommendations During Year 1 2 3
Semester 1 2 1 2 1 2
Overall summary of the resident's six-month performance by the faculty advisor:
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
23
_______________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
Specific actions for the resident to take to improve overall performance over the next six months:
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
___
Resident's Comments to the Review
Overall reaction of the resident to the review, including agreement with the above plan:
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
___
___________________________ ___________________________
Resident Signature Date Chair or Director Signature Date
24
היבטים מנהלתיים של ההתמחות בפריודונטיה
צוות המחלקה
הקליניקה תמיד מכוסה ע"י רופא בכיר ובאחריות רופא זה לסייע למתמחה בתהליך הלימודי שלו.
כל מקרה טיפולי יצוות אל רופא בכיר ובאחריות אותו רופא לעקוב אחר הטיפול במתרפא ולאשר את תוכניות הטיפול שלו.
, אך רק לאחר קבלת אישור ברור מהמדריך הישיר לטיפול במתרפאהאחראי שאינו בכיר פרוצדורות גם עם רופאאפשר לבצע
להכין תכנית טיפול מדוייקת ומפורטת עם המדריך האחראי ולהציגה למנחה . במקרה כזה יש האחראי וקבלת הסכמה של המטופל
פול המקורית, אלא אם נתקלו תוך כדי ביצוע ההפתעות לא צפויות מומלץ שהמדריך המבצע יישאר צמוד לתוכנית הטי הפרוצדורה.
הדורשות החלטה מקומית מהירה.
.ובמידת הצורך למנהל המחלקה. כל בעיה בקליניקה עם מדריכים תדווח לאחראי על התוכנית
הזמנת מתרפאים
כדי לתת בעזרת הפקידה,ראשי של המחלקה, לכל מתמחה יש שעות קליניקה מוקצבות. כל יומן הזמנות המתרפאים יבוצע ביומן ה
אפשרות לתכנן את כוח האדם לעזרה.
יש לרשום ליד שם המתרפא גם את הפרוצדורה המתבצעת, במיוחד במקרה של כירורגיות, בהן עזרה היא חיונית.
עם זאת יש לתאם עם , יחדאחריות הזמנות והטיפול במתרפאים על המתמחה, ואין להטיל על צוות הקליניקה את המעמסה הזאת
פעולות כירורגיות וכל פעולה אחרת המחייבת הדרכה צמודה יש לתאם עם הפקידה והאחות הראשית כל פרוצדורנ כירורגית.
המדריך האחראי על המקרה.
אחריות המתמחה לבדוק את נושא התשלום. אין לבצע פרוצדורה ללא תשלום.
במידה ואין מתרפאים מוזמנים, על המתמחים לצפות במתמחים אחרים, ברופאים אין להיעדר משעות מרפאה ללא אישור מראש.
להיעדר מהמרפאה. רשותבכירים או לבקש
כירורגיותפעולות עזרה ב
למתמחים בשעת הצורך מתמחים בשנה א' יצוותו לכל פעולה כירורגית, ובשאיפה לכל טיפול אחר, תצוות שייעת למתמחה המטפל.
על מנת להיחשף לפרוצדורות מקרים של חוסר בסייעות. מתמחי שנה א' רשאים לבקש להצטוות לסיועעזרה בבשנה ג' לצורך
המקצועית. םקרוב בתחילת דרכמ כירורגיות
טיפול משולב במתרפאים
טיפול במתרפא הפריודונטלי דורש ביצוע טיפול דנטלי כמובן. הטיפול יכול להתבצע במספר דרכים:
ץ או בתוך המוסד.על ידי רופא מחו
על ידי מתמחה במחלקה אחרת.
על ידי המתמחה בפריודונטיה.
המקרים יופנו אל המחלקה לאנדודונטיה לצורך קבלת הטיפול הדרוש עם מכתב נלווה המתאר את הבעיה ואת הבקשה - אנדודונטיה
מתמחה המקבל את המקרה.לטיפול. במקרים מיוחדים בהם דרושה התייחסות מיוחדת, יתואם הטיפול הרופא עם ה
מקרים של "תזוזת שיניים מזערית" יוכלו להתבצע על ידי המתמחה בפריודונטיה תחת פיקוח של מומחה מהמחלקה - אורתודונטיה
לאורתודונטיה. מקרים כוללים יותר יופנו לטיפול במחלקה לאורתודונטיה או אל מחוץ למוסד.
25
אחריות הטיפול והתאום
ם הטיפול הם על המתמחה.אחריות הטיפול ותאו
, כולל תוכניות טיפול ומפורט באופן ברורבתיקייה המתאימה של תוכנת הניהול של המרפאה, כל הטיפולים ירשמו בתיק המתרפא
לגלית וכן בתהליך הלימודי של המקרה.-והתייעצויות שונות. התיעוד של התוכניות, הטיפולים והתייעצות חיוניות מבחינה מדיקו
תשלום על הפרוצדורה.ורק לאחר אלא למתרפאים שעברו קליטה מלאה במערכתצע טיפולים אין לב
טיפולים נלווים
פרותטיות. פרוצדורות -במסגרת הטיפול במתרפאים שלו, בעיקר פרוצדורות פרה שלאפעמיות -על המתמחה יוטלו פרוצדורות חד
וה בין המתמחים, שהמקורות הן סטודנטים, מתמחים ורופאים אלו הן חלק מתוכנית הדרישות של המחלקה ויפוזרו באופן שו
ממחלקות אחרות ורופאים מחוץ למוסד.
סמינרים
ההשתתפות בסמינרים היא חובה. כל היעדרות תדרוש דרוש אישור מראש או הסבר מתקבל על הדעת.
26
המחלקה לפריודונטיה
תוכנית ההתמחות
דף קבלת מתרפא למתמחה
Detailed examination, evaluation and treatment plan protocol
( תלונה עקרית.1
( היסטוריה רפואית:2
א( מצב כללי.
ב( בדיקה רפואית אחרונה.
ג( מחלות נוכחיות.
הווה ועבר. -ד( נטילת תרופות
ה( אלרגיות ורגישויות )לתרופות!(.
(.RF/PHDו( מחלות ילדות ומהלכן )
מחלות בגיל המבוגר. ז(
ח( ניתוחים.
עישון, שתיה )כמות(. -ט( הרגלים
.Stressי( מקצוע ורמת
יא( הסטוריה משפחתית רפואית.
יב( התייעצויות רפואיות / בדיקות מעבדה דרושות.
יג( תזונה והרגלי דיאטה.
( היסטוריה דנטלית:3
ם וסיבתו.א( ביקור אחרון אצל הרופא שיניי
ב( תדירות ביקורים.
ג( טיפול דנטלי מרכזי )אורטודונטיה, פרוטטיקה...( ותוצאותיו.
ד( נסיון דנטלי שלילי.
ה( חוסר שיניים וסיבותיו.
ו( היסטוריה פריודנטלית )דימום, כאב(.
ז( טיפול פריודנטלי בעבר.
גופים זרים(.ח( הרגלים דנטליים )ברוקסינים, קלצינג,
ט( הסטוריה דנטלית פריודנטלית משפחתית.
בקרת פלק: י(
( מברשת, תדירות, שיטה.1
( עזרים נוספים.2
( תדירות ניקוי מקצועי.3
יא( דחיסת מזון.
יב( גישה למשנן והרצון לשמר שיניים.
אורלית:-( בדיקה אקסטרא ואינטרא 4
)צבע וקרטין(. א( שפתיים
ב( מוקוזה בוקלית.
ג( לשון )פפילציה, כסוי, תנועות(.
ד( רצפת הפה.
ה( חיך.
פרינקס. -ו( אורו
ז( הפרעות אנטומיות לטיפול פריודנטלי )גישה, אקסטרנל אובליק...(.
ה( רוק.
משטחים לכל שן Full mouth Plaque Score (FMPS) (4 -המשטחים עם פלק % - רובד דנטלי( 5
ML, DL, DB, MB.)
27
( רקמות החניכיים6
צבע קונטור טקסטורה א( קונסיסטנציה
MAX R
MAX Ant
MAX L
MAND L
MAN Ant
MAND R
ב( אקסטודטים )דימום, מוגלה(.
יה, רצסיות.ג( היפרפלז
(.FMBS) % -ד( דימום בפרובינג
וכו'(. KG( בעיות מוקו גינגיבליות )פרונום, וסטיבולים רדוד, חוסר 7
סגר:( 8
_ Angle CL ____, overbite ___, over jetא( __
ב( שחיקה.
ג( מגעים בכירים.
.IC - RCד( מרחק
ה( מגעים בתנועות עבודה.
עים בצד מאזן )לא עובד(.ו( מג
ז( מגעים בפרוטרוזיה.
ח( פרמיטוס בתנועות.
חניכיים חופשיים, מוקוגינגיבל ליין, עומק כיסים, פורקציות, ניידות, דימום. - צ'ארט פריודנטלי( 9
והקשתות ( מצב השיניים הבודדות11
א( יחס השן לעצם האובאולרית והבזלית.
ת.ב( שיניים מוטו
ג( שיניים ברוטציה.
ד( שיניים באקסטרוזיה.
ה( שיניים במנח בוקלי ולינגואלי.
.overhanging caspsו(
.Marginal Ridge -ז( יחס לא טוב ב
ח( מצב האמברוזורות.
ט( איזורי מגע פתוחים.
י( אברזריות / ארוזיות.
יא( חיות.
.Percussionל יב( תגובה
קולורציה.-יג( דיס
יד( שחזורים לא מספקים.
טו( עששת.
טז( רגישות.
יז( פסטות.
יח( ניידות שיניים.
( הערכה רדיוגרפית:11
(.loss %א( רמת אחיזה הוריזונטלית )
ב( נגעים ורטיקליים.
ג( מעורבות רנטגנית של פורקציות.
טיפיקלי / מצב למינה דורה.-א PDLרוחב ד(
28
ה( אפיון העצם.
ו( פתולוגיות פריאפיקליות.
ז( אורך שורשים ומורפולוגיה )ספיגות?(.
שורש. -ח( יחס כותרת
ט( שיניים כלואות.
י( קרבת שורשים.
יא( אבנית.
יב( שברי שורשים / גופים זרים.
יג( עששת.
שיניים חסרות מוך.יד(
שונות. CEJטו( רמות
טז( שונות.
( סיכום ממצאים.12
:אבחנה( 13
א( פריודנטלית: )תהליך, חומרה, משך(.
ב( אבחנות נוספות.
( אתיולוגיה:14
א( גורמים ראשוניים.
ב( גורמים תורמים.
( מקומיים.1
( סיסטמיים.2
פרוגנוזה:( 15
א( ברמת השן הבודדת: )ציין את מספרי השיניים בכל קטגוריה(
GOOD
FAIR
POOR
Questionable
Hopeless
ב( ברמת המשנן הכולל )עליון/תחתון(.
GOOD
FAIR
POOR
Quesionable
Hopeless
ראשונית -וכנית טיפול ת( 16
)יש להחתים מדריך על כל תוכנית טיפול(
תוכנית אידאלית
תוכניות אלטרנטיביות
תוכנית אקטואלית
כולל ספרות רלוונטית. -הגנת התוכנית
תחילת הטיפול( לפניבתוך תיק המתרפא, חתומה על ידי מדריך בכתב)הגנת התוכנית
הערכה מחדש( 17
Protocol for patient re-evaluation
29
( עדכון הסטוריה רפואית.1
( עדכון מצב רקמות אורליות.2
.FMPS -( רובד דנטלי 3
( רקמות החניכיים:4
צבע קונטור טקסטורה א( קונססטנציה
MAX R
MAX Ant
MAX L
MAN R
MAN Ant
MAN L
טים )דימום, מוגלה(.ב( אקסוד
ג( היפרפלזיות ורצסיות.
(.FMBSד( דימום בפרובינג )
( עדכון נושא סגר.5
, עומק כיסים, דימום, ניידות.MGחניכיים חופשיים, קו -( צ'ארט פריודנטלי 6
( עדכון טיפול דנטלי )משמרת, אנדו, פרוטטיקה, אורטודונטיה(.7
( סיכום ממצאים.8
)כירורגית ופרוטטית( ל המשכיתתוכנית טיפו( 9
א( תוכנית אידאלית ותוכניות אלטרנטיביות.
ב( תוכנית אקטואלית, כולל עיגון התוכנית בספרות.
ג( ניתוח באיזור _______.
( מטרת הניתוח.1
( שיטה כירורגית )והרציונל שמאחוריה(.2
( חתימת המדריך.11
30
ההתמחות בפריודונטיה -המחלקה לפריודונטיה
פרוצדורות כירורגיותדו"ח
Documentation of surgical procedures
.בתיק המתרפא לתייק
תאריך שם
:מנתח בכיר :ראשי מנתח
מטרת הניתוח
, הרדמה, סדציה וכו'(.CHX)אנטיביוטיקה, נוגדי כאב, טיפול פרה אופרטיבי
מהלך הניתוח
תפרים. , (טיפול )נקוי, ממברנות, קונדישינג, עצם וכו'סוג, קירות, מימדים, -ים הגרמיים תאור הנגע, סוג המתלית מדידות, חתך,
אופרטיבי.-טיפול פוסט
חתימה וחותמת
31
שם:
פרוצדורות זטבלת ריכו
שם מדריך מטופל
הארכת OFD כותרת
ם צמצו GTR EMD כיסים
קדם שיקומי שתל MGG אחר
הרמת אחר GBR סינוס
שם
דוח מטופלים
שם מדריך מטופל
רופא אבחנה משקם
סוג טיפול
תחילת טיפול
כירורגיה שתלים פריו
טיפולים נוספים
תחילת תחזוקה + הערות
32
Annex 1: Reference list for Didactic Seminars This is the basic reading list. Additional reading requirements will be provided later.
Didactic Seminars- Classical Literature in Periodontology 1. BIOSTATISTICS IN DENTISTRY 1. Reasearch Designs
2. Clinical trials
3. Diagnostic tests
4. Multiple linear regression
5. Repeated measures
6. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses
7. Bayesian statistics
8. Evidence and evidence-based medicine
"Further statistics in dentistry". 10 articles in the British Dental Journal :
Vol 193. No 7.to No. 12, 2002
Vol 194. No 1 to No. 4,. 2003
This is obligatory reading BEFORE starting the first year course.
2. ANATOMY AND BIOLOGY OF THE PERIODONTIUM
1. AAP Position Paper: The potential role of growth and differentiation factors in periodontal regeneration. J
Periodontol 67:545-553, 1996.
2. Adriaens, P.A., DeBoever, J.A. and Loesche, W.J.: Bacterial invasion in root cementum and radicular dentin of
periodontally diseased teeth in humans - A reservoir of periodontopathic bacteria. J Perio59: 222, 1988.
3. Aleo JJ et al. the presence and biological activity of cementum baoud endotoxin. J. Perio 45:672, 1974.
4. Bartold PM, Narayanan AS. Molecular and cell biology of healthy and diseased periodontal tissues.
Periodontology 2000, 40, 1, 29-49, 2006 5. Baumgartner, W.J., et al.: The diagnostic value of redness in gingivitis. J Periodontol 37:294-297, 1966.
6. Bowers GM. A study of the width of attached gingiva. J Periodontol 1963;34: 210.
7. Caffesse, R.G., et al.: The effect of mechanical stimulation on the keratinization of sulcular epithelium. J
Periodontol 53:89-92, 1982.
8. Chavrier, C., Couble, M.C., Maglorie, H. and Grimaud, J.A.: Connective tissue organization of healthy human
gingiva. Ultrastructural localization of collagen types I, II, III, and IV. J Perio Res 19:221-229, 1984.
9. Crawford, J., Watanabe, K.: Cell adhesion molecules in inflammation and immunity: Relevance to periodontal
diseases. Crit Rev Oral Biol 5:91, 1994.
10. Dale, B.A., Salonen, J., Jones, A.H.: New approaches and concepts in the study of differentiation of oral epithelia.
Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 1:167-190, 1990.
11. Elliott, G.M. and Bowers, G.M.: Alveolar dehiscences and fenestrations. Periodontics 1:245-248, 1963.
12. Emslie RD. Some considerations on the role of cementum in periodontal disease. J Clin Perio 5:1-12, 1978.
13. Gher ME, Vernino AR. Root morphology – clinical significance in pathogenesis and treatment of periodontal
disease. J Am Dent Assoc 1980;101:627-33.
14. Gher ME, Vernino AR. Root anatomy: a local factor in inflammatory periodontal disease. Int J Periodontics
Restorative Dent 1981;1:52-63.
15. Gottlow T, Nyman S, Derring T, Lindhe J. The regenerative potential of the periodontal ligament. J Clin
Periodontol 9:257 - 265, 1982.
16. Greene, A.H.: A study of the characteristics of stippling and its relation to gingival health. J Periodontol 33:176-
182, 1962.
17. Greenstein, G., et al.: Associations between crestal lamina dura and periodontal status. J Perio 52:362, 1981.
18. Gutmann JL. Prevalence location and potency of accessory canals in the furcation region of permanent molars. J
Periodontol 1978;49:21.
19. Hancock, E.B., et al.: The relationship between gingival crevicular fluid and gingival inflammation - A clinical
and histologic study. J Periodontol 50:13-19, 1979.
33
20. Hatfield, C.G. and Baumhammers, A.: Cytotoxic effects of periodontally involved surfaces of human teeth. Arch
Oral Biol 16:465-468, 1971.
21. Hock, J. and Kim, S.: Blood flow in healed and inflamed periodontal tissues of dogs. J Perio Res 22:1, 1987.
22. Hou GL, et al. Types and dimensions of root trunk correlating with diagnosis of molar furcation involvements. J
Clin Periodontol 1997;24:129-35.
23. Ingber, Rose, Coslet. The “biologic width”. A concept in periodontics and restorative dentistry. Alpha Omegan,
10:62-65 1977.
24. Keknes, K., Lie, T., Selvig, K.: Cemental Tear: A risk factor in periodontal attachment loss. J Periodontol 67:583-
588, 1996.
25. Lamster, I., et al.: Development of a risk profile for periodontal disease: Microbial and host response factors. J
Periodontol 65:511-520, 1994.
26. Lang, N.P. and Loe, H.: The relationship between the width of keratinized gingiva and gingival health. J
Periodontol 43:623-627, 1972.
27. Loe H, Holm, Pedersen P. Absence and presence of fluid from normal and inflamed gingiva. Periodontics 3:171,
1965.
28. Lozdan, J.C. and Squier, C.: The histology of the mucogingival junction. J Periodont Res 4:83-93, 1969.
29. MacNeil, R. and Somerman, M.: Molecular factors regulating development and regeneration of cementum. J
Periodont Res 28:550-559, 1993.
30. Mariotti, A.J. and Cochran, D.L.: Characterization of Fibroblasts Derived from Human Periodontal Ligament and
Gingiva. J Periodontol 61(2):103-111, 1990.
31. Matheny, J.L., et al.: Microcirculatory dynamics in experimental human gingivitis. J Clin Periodontol 20:578-583,
1993.
32. Muller-Glauzer, W. and Schroeder, H.E.: The pocket epithelium: A light and electron microscopic study. J
Periodontol 53:133-144, 1982. 33. Nanci A, Bosshardt DD. Structure of periodontal tissues in health and disease. Periodontology 2000, 40,
1, 11-28, 2006
34. Nyman, S., et al.: Role of diseases cementum in healing following treatment of periodontally diseased. J Clin
Periodontol 15:464-468, 1988.
35. Oates, T.W., Rouse, C.A. and Cochran, D.L.: Mitogenic effects of growth factors on human periodontal ligament
cells in vitro. J Periodontol 64:142-148, 1993.
36. Odkley E, et al. Formation of the biologic width following crown lengthening in non human primates. Int J
Periodontics Restorative Dent 1999;19:529-41.
37. Offenbacker, S., et al.: The use of crevicular fluid prostaglandin E2 levels as a predictor of periodontal attachment
loss. J Periodont Res 21:101, 1986.
38. Page, R.C. and Ammons, W.F.: Collagen turnover in gingiva and other mature connective tissues of the
marmoset. Arch Oral Biol 19:651-658, 1974.
39. Rams, T., Listgarten, M. and Slots, J.: Utility of radiographic crestal lamina dura for predicting periodontal
disease activity. J Clin Periodontol 21:571-575, 1994.
40. Ripamonti, U. and Reddi, A.H.: Periodontal regeneration: Potential role of bone morphogenetic proteins. J
Periodont Res 29:225-235, 1994.
41. Shapira L, Houri Y, Barak V, Halabi A, Soskolne WE, Stabholz A. Human monocyte response to cementum
extracts from periodontally diseased teeth: Effect of conditioning with tetracycline. J. Periodontol. 67:682-687,
1996.
42. Spogue, J.D.: The rests of Malassez and chronic marginal periodontitis. J Periodontol 11:340-347, 1984.
43. Stahl, S.S.: The nature of healthy and diseased root surfaces. J Periodontol 46:156-161, 1975.
44. Stern, I.B.: Current concepts of the dentogingival junction: The epithelial and connective attachments to the tooth.
J Periodontol 52: 465, 1981.
45. Tal, H.: The prevalence and distribution of intrabony defects in dry mandibles. J Periol 55:149-154, 1984.
46. Tal, H.: Relationship between the interproximal distance of roots and the prevalence of intrabony pockets. J
Periodontol 55:604-607, 1984.
47. Tenenbaum, H. and Tenenbaum, M.: A clinical study of the width of attached gingiva in the deciduous,
transitional and permanent dentitions. J Clin Periodontol 13:270, 1986.
48. Van der Linden, L.W. and Van Aken, J.: The periodontal ligament in the roentgenogram. J Periodontol 41:243-
248, 1970.
49. Wennstrom, J.: Lack of association between width of attached gingiva and development of soft tissue recession. A
five-year longitudinal study. J Clin Periodontol 14:18, 1987.
34
3 PATHOGENESIS OF PERIODONTAL DISEASES
A. Epidemiology
1. AAP Position Paper: Epidemiology of periodontal diseases. J Periodontol 67:935-945,1996.
2. Brown, L.J., Oliver, R.C. and Loe, H.: Periodontal diseases in the U.S. in 1981:Prevalence, severity, extent and
role in tooth mortality. J Periodontol 60(7):363-370,1989.
3. Hujoel, P.P. and DeRouen, T.A.: Validity issues in split-mouth trials. J Clin Periodontol 19:625-627, 1992.
4. Loe, et al.: Natural history of periodontal disease: Gingival recession. J Periodontol 63:489-495, 1992.
5. Lynch, et al.: Methods for evaluation of regenerative procedures. J Periodontol 63:1085-1092, 1992.
6. Serino, G., et al.: The prevalence and distribution of gingival recession in subjects with a high standard of oral
hygiene. J Clin Periodontol 21:57-63, 1994.
7. Vehkalahati, M.: Occurrence of gingival recession in adults. J Periodontol 60(11):599-603, 1989.
B. Progression of disease with and without treatment
1. Aeppli DM, Pihlstrom Bl. Detection of longitudinal change in periodontis. J Perio Res 24: 329-334, 1989.
2. Becker, W., et al.: Untreated periodontal disease. A longitudinal study. J Periodontol 50:234, 1979.
3. Claffey & Egelberg. Clinical indicators of probing attachment loss following initial periodontal treatment in ad-
vanced periodontitis patients. J Clin Perio 1995
4. Goodson JM, Tanner ACR, Haffajee AD, et al. Patterns of progression and regression of advanced
destructive periodontal diseases. J. Clin Periodontol 9:472-481, 1982.
5. Haffaje, Socransky et al Clinical risk indicators for periodontal attachment loss J Clin Perio 1991
6. Haffajee and Socransky. ATTACHMENT LEVEL CHANGES IN DESTRUTIVE PERIODONTAL DISEASE.
J Clin Periodontol 1986
7. Hancock EB. Determination of periodontal disease activity. J. Periodontol 52:492, 1981.
8. Hirschfeld L, Wasserman B. A long -term survey of tooth loss in 600 treated periodontal patients. J Periodontol
49:225, 1978.
9. Kaldahl W.B., Kalkwarf K.L., et al., Long-Term Evaluation of Periodontal Therapy : II. Incidence of Sites
Breaking Down. J. Periodontol : 67 : 103-108, 1996.
10. Knowles JW, Burgett FG, Nissle RR, et al. Results of priodontal treatment related to pocket depth and at-
tachment level, eight years. J. Periodontol 50:225, 1979.
11. Lindhe, J., et al: Progression of periodontal disease in adult subjects in the absence of periodontal therapy. J Clin
Periodontol 10:433-442, 1983.
12. Lindhe, J., Okamoto, H., Yoneyama, T., Haffajee, A. and Socransky, S.S.: Periodontal loser sites in untreated
adult subjects. J Clin Periodontol 16:671-678, 1989.
13. Loe, H., et al.: Natural history of periodontal disease in man. Rapid, moderate and no loss of attachment in Sri
Lankan laborers 14 to 46 years of age. J Clin Perio13:431, 1986.
14. Loe, H., et al.: The natural history of periodontal disease in man. The rate of periodontal destruction before 40
years of age. J Periodontol 49:607, 1978.
15. Machtei, E.E., et al.: The rate of periodontal attachment loss in subjects with established periodontitis. J Perio-
dontol 64:713-718, 1993.
16. McFall WT Jr. Tooth loss in 100 treated patients with periodontal disease –A long-term study. J Periondontol
54:539, 1983.
17. Nabers CL, et al. Tooth loss in 1535 treated periodontal patients. J Periondontol 59: 297 - 300, 1988.
18. Papapanou PN, Wennstrom JL and Grondahl K: Periodontal status in relation to age and tooth type. A cross-
sectional radiographic study. J Clin Periodonto 1988:5: 469-478.
19. Papapanou PN, Wennström JL. The angular bony defect as indicator of further alveolar bone loss. J Clin Perio-
dontol 1991;18:317-22.
20. Papapanou PN. Wennstrom JL and Grondahl K: A 10-year retrospective study of periodontal disease progres-
sion. J Clin Periodontol 1989: 16: 403-411.
21. Ship, J.A. and Beck, J.D.: Ten-year longitudinal study of periodontal attachment loss in healthy adults. Oral Surg
Oral Med Oral Path 81:281-290, 1996.
35
4. PERIODONTAL EXAMINATION
1. Armitage GC. Development of a classification system for periodontal diseases and conditions. Ann Periodontol
1999 Dec;4(1):1-6.
2. Armitage GC. Manual periodontal probing in supportive periodontal treatment. Periodontol 2000 1996
Oct;12:33-9.
3. Armitage GC. The complete periodontal examination. Periodontology 2000, 34, 1, 22-33, 2004
4. Armitage GC, Svanberg GK, Loe H. Microscopic evaluation of clinical measurements of connective tissue at-
tachment levels. J Clin Periodontol 1977 Aug;4(3):173-90.
5. Badersten, A., Nilveus, R. and Egelberg, J.: Reproducibility of probing attachment level measurements. J Clin
Periodontol 11:475-486, 1984.
6. Barendregt DS, Van d, V, Timmerman MF, van der Weijden GA. Comparison of two automated periodontal
probes and two probes with a conventional readout in periodontal maintenance patients. J Clin Periodontol 2006
Apr;33(4):276-82.
7. Best AM, Burmeister JA, Gunsolley JC, Brooks CN, Schenkein HA. Reliability of attachment loss measure-
ments in a longitudinal clinical trial. J Clin Periodontol 1990 Sep;17(8):564-9.
8. Bragger U. Radiographic parameters: biological significance and clinical use.Periodontology 2000, 39, 1, 73-90,
2005
9. Clark WB, Yang MC, Magnusson I. Measuring clinical attachment: reproducibility of relative measurements
with an electronic probe. J Periodontol 1992 Oct;63(10):831-8.
10. Eley & Cox., Advances in periodontal diagnosis (1998) Br Dent J, Vol 184. Part 3 109-113 Part 5 220-223
Part 8 373-376
11. Greenstein G, Caton J, Polson AM. Histologic characteristics associated with bleeding after probing and visual
signs of inflammation. J Periodontol 1981 Aug;52(8):420-5.
12. Greenstein, G. and Caton, J.: Periodontal Disease Activity: A Critical Assessment. J Period 61(9):543,1990.
13. Greenstein, G. and Lamster, I.: Understanding diagnostic testing for periodontal diseases. J Periodontol 66:659-
666, 1995.
14. Grossi, S., Dunford, R., Ho, A., Koch, G., Machtei, E., Genco, R.: Sources of error for periodontal probing
measurements. J Periodont Res 31:330-336, 1996.
15. Haffajee AD, Socransky SS, Goodson JM. Comparison of different data analyses for detecting changes in at-
tachment level. J Clin Periodontol 1983;10: 298-310.
16. Haffajee, A. and Socransky, S.: Attachment level changes in destructive periodontal diseases. J Clin Periodontol
13:461, 1986.
17. Hardekopf, J., et al.: The "furcation arrow" - A reliable radiographic image? J Periodontol 57:258, 1986.
18. Hausmann, E., et al.: What alveolar crest level on a bite-wing radiograph represents bone loss? J Periodontol
62:570-572, 1991.
19. Heins, P.J., et al.: The relationship of interradicular width and alveolar bone loss. J Perio 59:73-79, 1988.
20. Jeffcoat, M.: Radiographic Detection of Alveolar Bone Loss. J Periodontol 63:367-372, 1992.
21. Kaldahl, W.B., Kalkwarf, K.L., Patil, K.D. and Molvar, M.P.: Relationship of Gingival Bleeding, Gingival Sup-
puration, and Supragingival Plaque to Attachment Loss. J Periodontol 61(6):347-351, 1990.
22. Kalkwarf KL, Kaldahl WB, Patil KD. Comparison of manual and pressure-controlled periodontal probing. J Per-
iodontol 1986 Aug;57(8):467-71.
23. Karim M, Birek P, McCulloch CA. Controlled force measurements of gingival attachment level made with the
Toronto automated probe using electronic guidance. J Clin Periodontol 1990 Sep;17(8):594-600.
24. Lang NP, Nyman S, Senn C, Joss A. Bleeding on probing as it relates to probing pressure and gingival health. J
Clin Periodontol 1991 Apr;18(4):257-61.
25. Lang, N.P., Adler, R., Joss, A. and Nyman, S.: Absence of bleeding on probing. An indicator of periodontal sta-
bility. J Clin Periodontol 17(10):714-721, 1990.
26. Listgarten MA, Mao R, Robinson PJ. Periodontal probing and the relationship of the probe tip to periodontal tis-
sues. J Periodontol 1976 Sep;47(9):511-3.
27. Listgarten MA. Periodontal probing: what does it mean? J Clin Periodontol 7:165, 1980.
28. Mombelli A. Clinical parameters:biological validity and clinical utility. Periodontology 2000, 39,30, 2005
29. Nair P, Sutherland G, Palmer RM, Wilson RF, Scott DA. Gingival bleeding on probing increases after quitting
smoking. J Clin Periodontol 2003 May;30(5):435-7.
30. Osborn J, Stoltenberg J, Huso B, Aeppli D, Pihlstrom B. Comparison of measurement variability using a stand-
ard and constant force periodontal probe. J Periodontol 1990 Aug;61(8):497-503.
31. Papapanou PN. Risk assessments in the diagnosis and treatment of periodontal diseases. J Dent Educ 1998
36
Oct;62(10):822-39.
32. Preshaw PM, Kupp L, Hefti AF, Mariotti A. Measurement of clinical attachment levels using a constant-force
periodontal probe modified to detect the cemento-enamel junction. J Clin Periodontol 1999 Jul;26(7):434-40.
33. Van der Velden, U.: Influence of probing force on the reproducibility of bleeding tendency measurements. J Clin
Periodontol 7:421-427, 1980.
34. van Winkelhoff AJ, Winkel EG. Microbiological diagnostics in periodontics: biological significance and clinical
validity. Periodontology 2000, 39, 1, 40-52, 2005
35. Watts, T.: Constant force probing with and without a stent in untreated periodontal disease: The clinical repro-
ducibility problem and possible sources of error. J Clin Periodontol 14:407-411, 1987.
Radiographic examination
36. Brägger U, Bürgin W, Fourmousis I, Schild U, Lang NP. Computer-assisted densitometric image analysis of
digital subtraction images: in vivo error of the method and effect of thresholding. J Periodontol 1998;69:967-
74.
37. Fourmousis I, Tonetti MS, Lehmann B, Lang NP, Brägger U Evaluation of tetracycline fiber therapy with
digital image analysis. JCP 1998
38. Eickholz & Hausmann Evidence for healing of Class II and III furcations after GTR therapy: digital
substraction and clinical measurements. J. Perio 1997
39. Jeffcoat MK et al Quantitative digital subtraction radiography for the assesment of peri-implant bone change
COIR 1990
40. Goodson JM, Haffajee AD, Socransky SS. The relationship between attachment level loss and alveolar bone
loss. J Clin Periodontol 1984;11:348-59.
41. Khocht A, Janal M, Harasty L, Chang K-M. Comparison of direct digital and conventional intraoral
radiographs in detecting alveolar bone loss. JADA 2003
42. Persson RE. Comparison between panoramic and intra-oral radiographs for the assesment of alveolar bone
levels in a periodontal maintenance population. J Clin Periodontol 2003; 30: 833-839.
43. Deas A.,et al. The relationship between probing attachment loss and computerized radiographic analysis in
monitoring progression of periodontitis. 1991
44. Tonetti MS, Pini Prato G, Williams RC, Cortellini P. Periodontal regeneration of human infrabony defects.
III. Diagnostic strategies to detect bone gain. 1993
45. Tsitoura E, Tucker R, Suvan J, Laurell L, Cortellini P, Tonetti M. Baseline radiographic defect angle of the
intrabony defect as a prognostic indicador in periodontal surgery with enamel matrix derivative. J Clin
Periodontol 2004;31: 643-647.
46. Tugnait A, Clerehugh V, Hirschmann PN.The usefulness of radiographs in diagnosis and management of
periodontal diseases: a review. Journal of Dentistry 28 (2000): 219-26.
5 ETIOLOGY - PRIMARY AND SECONDAY FACTORS
A. Plaque, Microbiology of Specific Disease Entities
1. Aleo JJ, De Renzis FA, Farber PA, et al. The presence and biologic activity of cementum-bound endo-
toxin. J Periodontol 1974;45:672-5.
2. Bragd, L., G. Dahlen, et al. (1987). "The capability of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Bac-
teroides gingivalis and Bacteroides intermedius to indicate progressive periodontitis; a retrospective
study." J Clin Periodontol 14(2): 95-9.
3. Brown, L. F., J. D. Beck, et al. (1994). "Incidence of attachment loss in community-dwelling older
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7 OCCLUSION
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8 DIAGNOSIS, PROGNOSIS, TREATMENT PLANNING
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9 AGGRESSIVE PERIODONTAL DISEASES
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10 PERIODONTIC/ENDODONTIC RELATIONSHIPS
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11 PERIODONTIC/RESTORATIVE RELATIONSHIPS
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Periodontol 21:250-255, 1994.
10. John M. Moran JM. Home-use oral hygiene products: mouthrinses. Periodontology 2000, 48, 42-53,
2008 11. Koth, D.L.: The effect of systemic flurbiprofen on supporting dental implants: JADA 126:305-311, 1995.
12. Loe H. Mechanical and chemical control of dental plaque. J Clin Perio 6 (7) :32, 1979.
13. Marshell, M., Cancro, L. and Frischman, S.: Hydrogen peroxide: A review of its use in dentistry. J Periodontol
66:786-796, 1995.
14. Mazza JE, Newman MG, Sims Tn. Clinical and antimicrobial effect of stannous fluoride on periodontitis. J Clin
Periodontol 8:203, 1981.
15. Newman, M.G., Sanz, M., Nachnani, S., Saltini, C. and Anderson, L.: Effect of 0.12% chlorhexidine on bacterial
recolonization following periodontal surgery. J Periodontol 60:577-581, 1989.
16. Rees, T. and Orth, C.: Oral ulcerations with use of hydrogen perioxide. J Periodontol 57:689, 1986.
17. Renvert, S. and Birkhed, D.: Comparison between 3 triclosan dentifrices on plaque, gingivitis and salivary
microflora. J Clin Periodontol 22:63-70, 1995.
18. Van der Ouderaa, F.J.G.: Anti-plaque agents. Rationale and prospects for prevention of gingivitis and periodontal
disease. J Clin Periodontol 18:447-454, 1991.
19. Vanderckhove, B., Bollen, C., Dekeyser, C., et al: Full- versus partial-mouth disinfection in the treatment of
periodontal infections. Long-term clinical observations of a pilot study. J Periodontol 67:1251-1259, 1996.
20. Walsh, T., Unsal, E., Davis, L. and Yilmaz, O.: The effect of irrigation with chlorhexidine or saline on plaque
vitality. J Clin Periodontol 22:262-264, 1995.
21. Williams, R.C., et al.: Altering the progression of human alveolar bone loss with the non-steroidal anti-
inflammatory drug flurbiprofen. J Periodontol 60:485-490, 1989.
49
13 PHASE I THERAPY
A. Scaling & Root Planing
B. Non Surgical approaches to Periodontal Therapy - the Pro’s and Con’s
1. Badersten, A., et al.: Effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy. I. Moderately advanced periodontitis. J Clin
Periodontol 8:57, 1981.
2. Badersten, A., Nilveus, R. and Egelberg, J.: Effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy. II. Severely advanced
periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 11:63-76, 1984.
3. Badersten, A., et al.: Four-year observations of basic periodontal therapy. J Clin Peridontol 14:438, 1987.
4. Brayer, W.K., Mellonig, J.T., Dunlap, R.M., Marinak, K.W. and Carson, R.E.: Scaling and root planing
effectiveness: The effect of root surface access and operator experience. J Perio 60:67, 1989.
5. Caffesse, R., et al.: Scaling and root planing with and without periodontal flap surgery. J Clin Periodontol 13:205,
1986.
6. Claffey, N. and Shanley, D.: Relationship of gingival thickness and bleeding to loss of probing attachment in
shallow sites following non-surgical periodontal therapy. J Clin Periodontol 13:654, 1986.
7. Fleischer, H.C., Mellonig, J.T., Brayer, W.K., Gray, J.L. and Barnett, J.D.: Scaling and root planing efficacy in
multirooted teeth. J Periodontol 60:402-409, 1989.
8. Greenstein G. non-surgical periodontal therapy in 2000. A literature review. JADA 131:1580-92, 2000.
9. Heitz-Mayfield LJA. How effective is surgical therapy compared with nonsurgical debridement?
Periodontology 2000, 37, 1, 72-87, 2005 10. Knowles JW, Burgett FG, Morrison EC, et al. Comparison of results following three modalities of periodontal
therapy related to tooth type and initial pocket depth. J Clin Periodontol 7:32, 1980.
11. Koshy G, Corbet EF, Ishikawa I. A full-mouth disinfection approach to nonsurgical periodontal therapy ;
prevention of reinfection from bacterial reservoirs. Periodontology 2000, 36, 1, 166-178, 2004
12. Lindhe, J., et al.: Scaling and root planing in shallow pockets. J Clin Periodontol :415-418, 1982.
13. Matia, J., et al.: Efficiency of scaling of the molar furcation area with and without surgical access. Int J Perio Rest
Dent (6)25, 1987.
14. Mongardini C, van Steenberghe D, Dekeyser C, Quirynen M. One stage full- versus partial-mouth disinfection in
the treatment of chronic adult or generalized early-onset periodontitis. I. Long-term clinical observations. J
Periodontol. 1999 Jun;70(6):632-45.
15. Morrison, E.C., Ramfjord, S.P. and Hill, R.W.: Short-term effects of initial, non-surgical periodontal treatment
(hygienic phase). J Clin Periodontol 7:199-211, 1980.
16. Nieminen, A., Siren, E., Wolf, J. and Asikainen, S.: Prognostic criteria for the efficiency of non-surgical
periodontal therapy in advanced periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 22:153-161, 1995.
17. Parashis, A.O., Anagnou-Vareltzides, A. and Demetriou, N.: Calculus removal from multirooted teeth with and
without surgical access (II). Comparison between external and furcation surfaces and effect of furcation entrance
width. J Clin Periodontol 20:294-298, 1993.
18. Quirynen M, Mongardini C, Pauwels M, Bollen CM, Van Eldere J, van Steenberghe D. One stage full- versus
partial-mouth disinfection in the treatment of chronic adult or generalized early-onset periodontitis. II. Long-term
impact on microbial load. J Periodontol. 1999 Jun;70(6):646-56
19. Quirynen M, Mongardini C, de Soete M, Pauwels M, Coucke W, van Eldere J, van Steenberghe D. The rôle of
chlorhexidine in the one-stage full-mouth disinfection treatment of patients with advanced adult periodontitis.
Long-term clinical and microbiological observations. J Clin Periodontol. 2000 Aug;27(8):578-89.
C. Chemotherapeutics –Antibiotics and Anti-inflammatory Agents
1. Berglundh et al. The use of metronidazole and amoxiciclline in the treatment of advanced periodontal
disease. A prospective controlled clinical trail. J Clin Periodontol. 25:354-62, 1998.
2. Collins, J.G., Offenbacher, S. and Arnold, R.R.: Effects of a combination therapy to eliminate Porphyromonas
gingivalis in refractory periodontitis. J Periodontol 64:998-1007, 1993.
3. Crout, R., Lee, H., Schroeder, K., et al: The "cyclic" regimen of low-dose doxycycline for adult periodontitis: A
preliminary study. J Periodontol 67:506-513, 1996.
4. Ellen, R.M. and McCulloch, C.A.: Evidence versus empiricism: Rational use of systemic antimicrobial agents for
treatment of periodontitis. Periodontology 2000 10:29-44, 1996.
50
5. Flemming et al. Differenitail clinical treatment outcome after systemic metronidazole and amoxicilline in
patinets harboraing Aa and/or Pg. J Clin Periodontol. 25:380-387, 1998.
6. Goodson, J.M.: Principles of pharmacologic intervention. J Clin Perio23:268-272, 1996.
7. Golub LM, Ramamuth N, McNaman Tf. Tetracycline inhibit tissue collagense activity. A new mechanism in the
treatment of periodontal disease. J Periodontol Res 19:652-665, 1984.
8. Greenstein, G.: Clinical significance of bacterial resistance to tetracyclines in the treatment of periodontal
diseases. J Periodontol 66:925-932, 1995.
9. Haffajee, A., Dibart, S., Kent, R. and Socransky, S.: Clinical and microbiological changes associated with the use
of 4 adjunctive systemically administered agents in the treatment of periodontal infections. J Clin Periodontol
22:618-627, 1995.
10. Herrera et al. The periodontal abcess (II). Short term clinical and microbiological efficay of 2 systemic
antibiotic regimens. J Clin Periodontol. 27:395-404, 2000.
11. Kornman KS, Karl Eh. The effect of long-term low-dose tetracycline therapy on the subgingival microflora in
refractory adult periodontitis. J Periodontol 53:604, 1982.
12. Lindhe, J., et al.: Effect of long-term tetracycline therapy in human periodontal disease. J Clin Periodontol 10:590-
601, 1983.
13. Listgarten MA, Lindhe J, Hellden L. Effect of tetracycline and/or scaling on human periodontal disease. Clinical,
microbiological and histological observations. J Clin Periodontol 5:246, 1978.
14. Loesche W, , et al. Metronidazole therapy for periodontitis. J Periodontol Res 22:224, 1987.
15. Matisko, M.W. and Bissada, N.F.: Short-term sequential administration of Amoxicillin/clavulanate potassium and
Doxycycline in the treatment of recurrent/progressive periodontitis. J Periodontol 64:553-558, 1993.
16. Mombelli A, et al. Systemic antimicrobial treatment and GTR. J Clin Periodontol 1996;23:386-96.
17. Ng and Bissada. Clinical evaluation of systemic doxycycline and ibuprofen administration as an adjunctive
treatment for adult periodontitis. J. Periodontol. 69:772-776, 1998.
18. Pallasch, T. and Slots, J: Antibiotic prophylaxis and the medically compromised patient. Periodontology 2000
10:107-138, 1996.
19. Palmer RM., et.al., A double-blind trial of tetracycline in the mangement of early onset periodontitis. J. Clin
Periodontol : 23(7) : 670-674, 1996.
20. Slots J, Mashimo P, Levine MJ, Genco Rj. Periodontal therapy in humans. I. Microbiological and clinical effects
of a single course of periodontal scaling and root planing, and of adjunctive tetracycline therapy. J Periodontol
50:495, 1979.
21. Slots J, et al. Suppression of penicillin-resistant oral. A. actinomycetemcomitans with tetracycline: Considerations
in endocarditis prophylaxis. J Perio 53:193-196, 1983.
22. Topoll, H.H., Lange, D.E. and Muller, R.F.: Multiple periodontal abscesses after systemic antibiotic therapy. J
Clin Periodont 17(4):268-272, 1990.
23. Van Winklehoff, A.J., Rams, T.E. and Slots, J.: Systemic antibiotic therapy in periodontics. Periodontology 2000
10:45-78, 1996.
24. van Winkelhoff, et al.: Combination Metronidazole and Amoxicillin Therapy in Periodontitis. J Periodontol 63:52,
1992.
25. Walker CB, Karpinia K, Baehni P. Chemotherapeutics: antibiotics and other antimicrobials.
Periodontology 2000, 36, 1, 146-165, 2004 26. Winkle et al. Additional clinical and microbiological effecs of amoxiciclline and metronidazole nfter initial
periodontal therapy. J Clin Periodontol. 25:857-64, 1998.
D. Local Drug Delivery
1. Garrett et.al., Two multi-center studies evaluating lically delivered doxycycline. J. Perio:70, 490, 1999.
2. Goodson JM, Holborow D, Dunn RL, et al. Monolithic tetracycline containing fibers for controlled delivery to
periodontal pockets. J Periodontol 54:575, 1983.
3. Goodson Jm, Cugini MA, Kent RL. Multicneter evaluation of tetracycline fibre therapy. II. Clinical response. J
Periodontol Res 26:371-379, 1991.
4. Fine, J., et al.: Short-term microbiological and clinical effects of subgingival irrigation with an antimicrobial
mouthrinse. J Periodontol 65:80-86, 1994.
5. Jeffcoat et al. Adjunctive use of a subgingival controlled-release chlorhexidine chip reduces probing depth and
improves attachemnt level comapred with scaling and root planing alone. J. Perio. 69:989-997, 1998
51
6. Lowenguth, R.A., Chin, E., Caton, J., Cobb, C.M., Drisko, C.L., Killoy, W.J., Michalowicz, B.S., Pihlstrom, B.L.
and Goodson, J.M.: Evaluation of periodontal treatments using controlled-release tetracycline fibers:
Microbiological response. J Periodontol 66:700-707, 1995.
7. Newman et.al., A 6-month multicenter evaluation of adjunctive tetracycline fiber therapy used in conjunction with
scaling and root planning in maintenance patients, clinical results. J. Perio:65, 685, 1994.
8. Rams, T. and Slots, J.: Local delivery of antimicrobial agents in the periodontal pocket. Periodontology 2000
10:139-159, 1996.
9. Shiloah, J. and Hovious, L.A.: The role of subgingival irrigations in the treatment of periodontitis. J Periodontol
64:835-843, 1993.
10. Timmerman, M., van der Weijden, G., van Steenbergen, T., et al: Evaluation of the long-term efficacy and safety
of locally-applied minocycline in adult periodontitis patients. J Clin Periodontol 23:707-716, 1996.
11. Soskolne et al. sustained local delivery of chlorhexidine in the treatment of periodontitis. A multicenter study.
J. Periodontol. 68:32-38, 1997.
12. Stabholz, A., et al.: Retention of antimicrobial activity by human root surfaces after in situ subgingival irrigation
with tetracycline HCl or Chlorhexidine. J Periodontol 64:137-141, 1993.
13. Van Steenberghe et.al., Subgingival minocycline hysrochloride oinment in moderate to severe chronic adult
periodontitis : A randomized double blind, vehicle-controlled, multicenter study. J. Perio:64:637, 1993.
14. Orthodontics/Minor Tooth Movement
1. Andlin-Sobocki, A. and Bodin, L.: Dimensional alterations of the gingiva related tochanges of facial/lingual tooth
position in permanent anterior teeth of children. J Clin Periodontol 20:219-224, 1993.
2. Atack, N., Sandy, J. and Addy, M.: Periodontal and microbiological changes associated with the placement of
orthodontic appliances. A review. J Periodontol 67:78-85, 1996.
3. Atherton, J.: The gingival response to orthodontic tooth movement. Am J Orthod 58:179-186, 1970.
4. Batenhorst, K.F., et al.: Tissue changes resulting from facial tipping and extrusion of incisors in monkeys. J
Periodontol 45:660-668, 1974.
5. Burch, J.G., Bagci, B., Sabulski, D. and Landrum, C.: Periodontal changes in furcations resulting from
orthodontic uprighting of mandibular molars. Quintessence Int 23:509-513, 1992.
6. Coatoam, G.W., et al.: The width of keratinized gingiva during orthodontic treatment. Its significance and impact
on periodontal status. J Periodontol 52:307-313,1981.
7. Edwards, J.: A surgical procedure to eliminate rotational relapse. Am J Orthod 57:35-45, 1970.
8. Ingber JS.Forced eruption. Part I. A method of treating isolated one and two wall infrabony osseous defects.
Rationale and case report. J Periodontol 45:199, 1974.
9. Salama H, Salama M. The role of orthodontic extrusive remodeling in the enhancement of soft and hard tissue
profiles prior to implant placement. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 1993;13:313-34.
10. Simon, R.L.: Rationale and practical technique for uprighting mesially inclined molars. J Prosthet Dent 52:256-
260, 1984.
11. Wennstrom, J., et al.: Some periodontal tissue reactions to orthodontic tooth movement in monkeys. J Clin
Periodontol 14:121, 1987.
12. Wennstrom, J., et al.: Periodontal tissue response to orthodontic movement. Am J Orthodont Dentofac Orthop
103:313-319, 1993.
15. PERIODONTAL SURGERY
A. Basic Principles of Periodontal Surgery and Wound Healing
1. Ariaudo AA, Tyrrell HA. Repositioning and increasing the zone of attached gingiva. Journal of periodontology.
1957 April;28:106-10.
2. Baab, B., Ammons, W.F. and Selipsky, H.: Blood loss during periodontal flap surgery. J Periodontol 48:693-698,
1977.
3. Barrington EP. An overview of periodontal surgical procedures. J Periodontol 52:518, 1981.
4. Bohannan H. Studies in the alteration of vestibular depth. III Vestibular incision. Journal of periodontology.
1963;34:209-15.
5. Caffesse RG, Ramfjord SP, Nasjleti CE. Reverse bevel periodontal flaps in monkeys. Journal of periodontology.
1968 Jul;39(4):219-35.
52
6. Cattermole AE, Wade AB. A comparison of the scalloped and linear incisions as used in the reverse bevel tech-
nique. Journal of clinical periodontology. 1978 Feb;5(1):41-9.
7. Claffey N, Polyzois I, Ziaka P. An overview of nonsurgical and surgical therapy Periodontology 2000, 36, 1, 35-
44, 2004
8. Costich ER, Ramfjord SP. Healing after partial denudation of the alveolar process. Journal of periodontology.
1968 May;39(3):127-34.
9. Curtis, J., et al.: The incidence and severity of complications and pain following periodontal surgery. J Periodontol
56:597, 1985.
10. Ellegard B, Loe H. New attachment of periodontal tissues after treatment of infrabony lesions. J. Periodontol
42:648, 1971.
11. Everett FG, Waerhaug J, Widman A. Leonard Widman: surgical treatment of pyorrhea alveolaris. Journal of peri-
odontology. 1971 Sep;42(9):571-9.
12. Evian CI. The osteogenic activity of bone removed from healing extraction pockets in humans. J Periodontol
1982;53:81.
13. Friedman N. The apically repositioned flap. Journal of periodontology. 1962;33:328-40.
14. Glickman I, Smulow JB, O'Brien T, Tannen R. Healing of the periodontium following mucogingival surgery. Oral
surgery, oral medicine, and oral pathology. 1963 May;16:530-8.
15. Goldman HM, Cohen DW. The infrabony pocket: Classification and treatment. Journal of periodontology.
1958;29:272-91.
16. Gottlow T, Nyman S, Kerring T, Lindhe J. The regenerative potential of the periodontal ligament. J. Clin Per-
iodontol 9:257, 1982.
17. Haney JM, et al. Periodontal repair in dogs: ePTFE barrier membranes support wound stabilization and enhance
bone regeneration. J Periodontol 1993;64:883-90.
18. Hiatt WH, Stallard RE, Butler ED, Badgett B. Repair following mucoperiosteal flap surgery with full gingival re-
tention. Journal of periodontology. 1968 Jan;39(1):11-6
19. Kantor M, Polson AM, Zander HA. Alveolar bone regeneration after removal of inflammatory and traumatic
factors. J. Periodontol 47:687, 1976
20. Karring T, Cumming BR, Oliver RC, Loe H. The origin of granulation tissue and its impact on post-operative
results of mucogingival surgery. J. Periodontol 46:577-585, 1975.
21. Karring T, Nyman S, Lindhe J. Healing following implantation of periodontitis affected roots into bone tissue.
J. Clin Periodontol 7:96-105, 1980
22. Kon S, Novaes AB, Ruben MP, Goldman HM. Visualization of the microvascularization of the healing periodon-
tal wound. IV. Mucogingival surgery: full thickness flap. Journal of periodontology. 1969 Aug;40(8):441-56.
23. Levin, M.P., et al.: The effects of length of surgery on healing of full and partial thickness flaps. J Oral Pathol
6:152-160, 1977.
24. Lilly, G.E., et al.: Reaction of oral tissues to suture materials. IV. Oral Surg 33:152, 1972.
25. Lindhe J, Nyman S. Alterations of the position of the marginal soft tissue following periodontal surgery. Journal
of clinical periodontology. 1980 Dec;7(6):525-30.
26. Lindhe J, Socransky S, Nyman S, et al. Effect of age on healing following periodontal therapy. J Clin Periodontol
12:774, 1985.
27. Lindhe, J. and Nyman, S.: Scaling and granulation tissue removal in periodontal therapy. J Clin Periodontol
12:374, 1985.
28. Melcher Ah. On repair potential of periodontal tissues. J Periodontol 47:256, 1976.
29. Mormann W, Ciancio SG. Blood supply of human gingiva following periodontal surgery. A fluorescein angio-
graphic study. Journal of periodontology. 1977 Nov;48(11):681-92.
30. Nabers C. Repositioning the attached gingiva. Journal of periodontology. 1954;25:38-9.
31. Nelson, E.H., et al.: A comparison of the continuous and interrupted suturing techniques. 48:273-281, 1977.
32. Nyman S, et al. New attachment following surgical treatment of human periodontal diseases. J. Clin Periodontol
9:290-296, 1982.
33. Nyman S, Karring T, Lindhe J, Planten S. Healing following implantation of periodontitis affected roots into gin-
gival connective tissue. J Clin Periodontol 7:394-401, 1980.
34. Nyman, S., et al.: Periodontal surgery in plaque-infected dentitions. J Clin Periodontol 4:240-249, 1977.
35. Pack, P.D. and Haber, J.: The incidence of clinical infection after periodontal surgery A retrospective study. J Per-
iodontol 54:441-443, 1983.
36. Pfeifer JS. The growth of gingival tissue over denuded bone. Journal of periodontology. 1963;34:10-6.
37. Polson AM. Osseous repair in the presence of active tooth hypermobility. J. Clin Perio 10:370, 1983
53
38. Polson AM, Proye MP. Fibrine linkage: A precursor for new attachment. J Periodontol 54:141, 1983.
39. Prichard JF. The etiology, diagnosis and treatment of the intrabony defect. Journal of periodontology. 1967 Nov-
Dec;38(6):455-65.
40. Ramfjord SP. Present status of the modified Widman flap procedure. Journal of periodontology. 1977
Sep;48(9):558-65.
41. Ramfjord, S. and Costich, E.R.: Healing after exposure of periodontium on alveolar process. J Periodontol 39:199-
207, 1968.
42. Ramjford S, Caffesse R, Morrison E, et al. Four modalities of periodontal treatment compared over 5 years. J Clin
Periodontol 14:445, 1987.
43. Ramjford SP, Knowles JW, Morrison EC, et al. Results of periodontal therapy related to tooth type. J Periodontol
51:270, 1980.
44. Renvert, S., et al.: Healing after treatment of periodontal intraosseous defects. IV. Factors influencing the healing
response. J Clin Periodontol 12:707, 1985.
45. Sachs, H.A., Farnoush, A., Checchi, L. and Joseph, C.E.: Current status of periodontal dressings. J Periodontol
55:689-696, 1984.
46. Schmid MO, Mormann W, Bachmann A. Mucogingival surgery. The subperiosteal vestibule extension. Clinical
results 2 years after surgery. Journal of clinical periodontology. 1979 Feb;6(1):22-32.
47. Smith BA, Echeverri M, Caffesse RG. Mucoperiosteal flaps with and without removal of the pocket epithelium.
Journal of Periodontology. 1987 Feb;58(2):78-85.
48. Staffileno H, Levy S, Gargiulo A. Histologic study of cellular mobilization and repair following a periosteal reten-
tion operation via split thickness mucogingival flap surgery. Journal of periodontology. 1966 Mar-Apr;37(2):117-
31.
49. Staffileno H, Wentz FM, Orban BJ. Histologic Study of healing of split thickness flaps in dogs. Journal of perio-
dontology. 1962;33:56-69.
50. Staffileno, H.: Significant differences and advantages between the full thickness and split thickness flaps. J Perio-
dontol 45:421-425, 1974.
51. Stahl SS, Witkin GJ, Diceasare A. Gingival Healing. I. Description of the gingivectomy sample. J Periodontol
39:106, 1968.
52. Stahl, S.S.: Repair or regeneration following periodontal therapy. J Clin Periodontol 6:389-396, 1979.
53. Tonetti MS, et al. Factors affecting the healing response of intra bony dfect following GTR and flap access sur-
gery. J Clin Periodontol 1996;23:548-56.
54. Wikesjo, et al.: A Review of Early Events in Periodontal Repair. J Periodontol 63:158-165, 1992.
55. Wilderman M, Pennel B, King K, Barron J. Histogenesis of repair following osseous surgery. J Periodontol
41:551, 1970.
56. Wilderman MN, Wentz FM, Orban BJ. Histogenesis of repair after mucogingival surgery. Journal of periodontol-
ogy. 1960;31:283-99.
57. Wood DL, Hoag PM, Donnenfeld OW, Rosenfeld LD. Alveolar crest reduction following full and partial thick-
ness flaps. Journal of periodontology. 1972 Mar;43(3):141-4.
58. Yukna RA, Lawrence JJ. Gingival surgery for soft tissue new attachment. Dental clinics of North America. 1980
Oct;24(4):705-18.
59. Yumet, J. and Polson, A.M.: Gingival wound healing in the presence of plaque induced inflammation. J Periodon-
tol 56:107, 1985.
B. Gingival Curettage, Gingivectomy, ENAP and Lasers
1. AAP Position Paper: Lasers in periodontics. J Periodontol 67:826-830, 1996.
2. Afshar-Mohajer, K. and Stahl, S.S.: The remodeling of human gingival tissues following gingivectomy. J
Periodontol 48:136, 1977.
3. Caton, J. and Zander, H.A.: The attachment between tooth and gingival tissues after periodic root planing and soft
tissue curettage. J Periodontol 50:462, 1979.
4. Donnenfeld W, Glickman I. A biometric study of the effect of gingivectomy. J Periodontol 37:447, 1966.
5. Echeverria J, Caffesse RG: Effects of gingival curettage when performed 1 month after root instrumentation of
biometric evaluation. J Clin Perio10:277-286, 1983.
6. Morlock, et al.: Nd:YAG Laser as an Adjunct to Root Planing. J Periodontol 63:637-641, 1992.
7. Proestakis, et al.: Gingivectomy versus flap surgery: the effect of the treatment of infrabony defects. A clinical and
radiographic study. J Clin Periodontol 19:497-508, 1992.
54
8. Rossmann, et al.: Retardation of Epithelial Migration With a Carbon Dioxide Laser. J Periodontol 63:902-907,
1992.
9. Stahl, S.S., et al.: Soft tissue healing following curettage and root planing. J Periodontol 42:678-684, 1971.
10. Spencer, et al.: Chemical Characterization of Lasered Surfaces. J Periodontol 633-636, 1992.
11. Wennstrom, J.: Regeneration of gingiva following surgical excision. J Clin Periodontol 10:287-297, 1983.
12. Wilder-Smith, P., Arrastia, A.A., Schell, M.J., Liaw, L., Grill, G. and Berns, M.W.: Effect of Nd:YAG laser
irradiation and root planing of the root surface: Structural and thermal effects. J Perio 66:1032-1039, 1995.
13. Williams, T., Cobb, C., Rapley, J. and Killoy, W.: Histologic evaluation of alveolar bone following CO2 laser
removal of connective tissue from periodontal defects. Int J Periodont Rest Dent 15:497-506, 1995.
14. Yukna R. A clinical study of healing in humans following the excisional new attachment procedure. J Periodontol
47:696, 1976.
15. Yukna, R.A. and Williams, J.E.: Five year evaluation of the excisional new attachment procedure. J Periodontol
51:382-385, 1980.
C. Osseous Resective Surgery
1. Baab DA, Ammons WF, Jr., Selipsky H. Blood loss during periodontal flap surgery. Journal of periodontology.
1977 Nov;48(11):693-8.
2. Becker W, Becker BE, Caffesse R, Kerry G, Ochsenbein C, Morrison E, et al. A longitudinal study comparing
scaling, osseous surgery, and modified Widman procedures: results after 5 years. Journal of periodontology.
2001 Dec;72(12):1675-84.
3. Becker W, Becker BE, Ochsenbein C, Kerry G, Caffesse R, Morrison EC, et al. A longitudinal study comparing
scaling, osseous surgery and modified Widman procedures. Results after one year. Journal of periodontology.
1988 Jun;59(6):351-65.
4. Becker W, et al. Clinical and volumetric analysis of three-wall intrabony defects following open flap debride-
ment. J Periodontol 1986;57:277.
5. Carnevale G. Fibre retention osseous resective surgery: a novel conservative approach for pocket elimination.
Journal of clinical periodontology. 2007 Feb;34(2):182-7.
6. Carranza FA, Carranza FFJ. The Management of the Alveolar Bone in the Treatment of the Periodontal Pocket.
Journal of periodontology. 1956;27:29-35
7. Caton, J. and Nyman, S.: Histometric evaluation of periodontal surgery. III. The effect of bone resection on the
connective tissue attachment level. J Periodontol 52:405-409,1981.
8. Clarke MA, Bueltmann KW. Anatomical considerations in periodontal surgery. Journal of periodontology. 1971
Oct;42(10):610-25.
9. Donnenfeld OW, Hoag PM, Weissman DP. A clinical study on the effects of osteoplasty. Journal of periodontol-
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4. Listgarten, M.E.: Observations on the bacterial flora of ANUG. J Periodontol 36:328-339, 1965.
5. Listgarten, M. and Lewis, D.: The distribution of spirochetes in the lesion of ANUG. J Perio 38:379, 1967.
6. Loesche, W.J., et al.: The bacteriology of acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis. J Periol 53:223-230, 1982.
7. Shannon, I., et al.: Stress as a predisposing factor in necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis. J Perio 40:2402, 1969.
Didactic Seminars – classical literature in Implantology
22 OSSEOINTERGRATION
A. General
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2. Adell, R., Lekholm, U., Rockler, B. and Branemark, P.I.: A 15-year study of osseointegrated implants in the
treatment of the edentulous jaw. Int J Oral Max Surg 10:387-416, 1981.
3. Albrektsson T, Johansson C. Osteoinduction, osteoconduction and osseointegration Eur Spine J (2001) 10:S96–
S101
4. Albrektsson T, Sennerby L, Wennerberg A. State of the art of oral implants. Periodontology 2000, 47, 1, 15-26,
2008
5. Albrektsson, T., et al.: The long-term efficacy of currently used dental implants: A review and proposed criteria
of success. Int J Oral Max Implants 1:11-26, 1986.
6. Annals of Periodontology. 3-year results from the VA multicenter prospective implant study. 2000;5.
7. Arvidson, K., et al.: A 3-Year Clinical Study of Astra Dental Implants in the Treatment of Edentulous Mandi-
bles. Int J Oral Max Impl 7:321-329, 1992.
8. Bahat, O.: Osseointegrated Implants in the Maxillary Tuberosity: Report on 45 Consecutive Patients. Int J Oral
Max Impl 7:459-467, 1992.
9. Biesbrock, A.R. and Edgerton, M.: Evaluation of the clinical predictability of HA-coated endosseous dental im-
plants: A review of the literature. Int J Oral Maxillofac Impl 10:712, 1995.
10. Branemark PI, Svensson B, van Steenberghe D. Ten-year survival rates of fixed prostheses on four or six im-
plants ad modum Branemark in full edentualism. Clin Oral Impl Res 1995;6:227-31.
11. Cochran DL, Hermann JS, Schenk RK, et al. Biologic width around titanium implants. A histometric analysis of
the implant-gingival junction around unloaded and loaded nonsubmerged implants in the canine mandible. J Per-
iodontol 1997;8:186-98.
12. Ericsson I, Nilner K, Klings B, et al. Radiographical and histological characteristics of submerged and nonsub-
merged titanium implants. An experimental study in the Labrador dog. Clin Oral Impl Res 1996;7:20-6.
13. Ericsson I, Persson LG, Berglundh T, et al. The effect of antimicrobial therapy on peri-implantitis lesions. An
experimental study in the dog. Clin Oral Impl Res 1996;7:320-8.
14. Esposito M, Thomsen P, Ericson LE, et al. Histopathologic observations on early oral implants failures. Int Oral
Maxillofac Implants 1999;14:798-810.
15. Hanisch O, Cortella CA, Boskovic MM, et al. Experimental peri-implant tissue breakdown around hydroxyap-
atite coated implants. J Periodontol 1997;68:59-66.
16. Hermann JS, Buser D, Schenk RK, et al. Biologic width around titanium implants. A physiologically formed and
stable dimension over time. Clin Oral Impl Res 2000;11:1-11.
17. Hutton J, Heath M, Cha, J, Harnett J, Jemt T, Johns R, McKenna S, McNamara D, van Steenberghe D, Taylor R,
Watson R and Herman I: Factors related to success and failure rates at 3-year follow-up in a multicenter study of
67
overdentures supported by Branemark Implants. Int JOMI 10:33-42, 1995
18. Isidor F. Loss of osseointegration caused by occlusal load of oral implants. A clinical and radiographic study in
monkeys. Clin Oral Impl Res 1996;7:143-52.
19. Ivanoff CJ, Grondahl K, Sennerby L, et al. Influence of variations in implants diameters: A 3- to 5-year retro-
spective clinical report. Int JOMI 1999;14:173-80.
20. James, R.A., et al.: A critical review of the osseointegrated literature. NY State Dent J 52:31-34, 1986.
21. Jemt, T. and Lekholm, U.: Implant treatment in edentulous maxillae: A 5-year follow-up report on patients with
different degrees of jaw resorption. JOMI 10:303-11, 1995.
22. Jemt, T., et al.: Osseointegrated implants for single tooth replacement: A 1-year report from a multicenter pro-
spective study. Int J Oral Max Impl 6:29-36, 1991.
23. Johns, R.B., et al.: A Multicenter Study of Overdentures Supported by Branemark Implants. Int J Oral Max Impl
7:513-522, 1992.
24. Klinge, B.: Implants in relation to natural teeth. J Clin Periodontol 18:482-487, 1991.
25. Lambert P, Morris H, Ochi S. The influence of smoking on 3-year clinical success of osseointegrated dental im-
plants. Ann Periodontol 2000;5:79-89.
26. Laney, W.R., et al.: Osseointegrated implants for single-tooth replacement: Progress report from a multicenter
prospective study after 3 years. Int J Oral Maxillofac Impl 9:49-54, 1994.
27. Laskin D, Dent C, Morris H, et al. The influence of preoperative antibiotics on success of endosseous implants at
36 months. Ann Periodontol 2000;5:166-74.
28. Leimola-Virtanen, R., Peltola, J., Oksala, E., Helenius, H. and Hpponen, R.P.: ITI titanium plasma-sprayed
screw implants in the treatment of edentulous mandibles: A follow-up study of 39 patients. Int J Oral Maxillofac
Impls 10: 373-378, 1995.
29. MacDonald D, Betts F, Doty S, et al. A methodological study for the analysis of apatite-coated dental implants
retrieved from humans. Ann Period 2000;5: 175-84.
30. Manz M. Factors associated with radiographic vertical bone loss around implants placed in a clinical study. Ann
Periodontol 2000;5:137-51.
31. McCracken M, Lemons JE, Rahemtulla F, et al. Bone response to titanium alloy implants placed in diabetic rats.
Int Oral Maxillofac Implants 2000;15:345-54.
32. Meffert, R., et al.: Dental Implants - A Review. J Periodontol 63:859-870, 1992.
33. Mengel R, Schroder T, et al. Osseointegrated implants in patients treated for generalized chronic periodontitis
and generalized aggressive periodontitis: 3- and 5-year results of a prospective long-term study. J Periodontol
2001;72:977-89.
34. Morris H, Ochi S, Spray J, et al. Periodontal-type measurements associated with hydroxyapatite-coated and non-
HA-coated implants. Ann Periodontol 2000;5: 56-67.
35. Morris H, Ochi S, Winkler S. Implant survival in patients with type 2 diabetes: Placement to 36 months. Ann
Periodontol 2000;5:157-65.
36. Morris HF, Ochi S. Survival and stability (PTVs) of six implant designs from placement to 36 months. Ann Peri-
odontol 2000;5:15-21.
37. Nevins, M. and Langer, B.: The successful application of osseointegrated implants to the posterior jaw: A long-
term retrospective study. Int JOMI 8:428-432, 1993.
38. Olson J, Dent C, Morris H, et al. Long-term assessment (5 to 71 months) of endosseous dental implants placed in
the augmented maxillary sinus. Ann Periodontol 2000;5:152-6.
39. Orenstein I, Petrazzuolo V, Morris H, et al. Variables affecting survival of single-tooth hydroxyapatite coated
implants in anterior maxillae at 3 years. Ann Periodontol 2000;5:68-78.
40. Orenstein I, Tarnow D, Morris H, et al. Three-year post-placement survival of implants mobile at placement.
Ann Periodontol 2000;5:32-41.
41. Palacci P, Nowzari H. Soft tissue enhancement around dental implants. Periodontology 2000, 47, 1, 113-132,
2008
42. Pesun IJ, Steflik DE, Parr GR, et al. Histologic evaluation of the periodontium of abutment teeth in combination
implant/tooth fixed partial denture. Int Oral Maxillofac Implants 1999;14:342-50.
43. Piatelli A, et al. Immediate loading of titanium plasma-sprayed implants: An histologic analysis in monkeys. J
Periodontol 1998;69:321-7.
44. Pylant, T., et al.: A Retrospective Evaluation of Endosseous Titanium Implants in the Partially Edentulous Pa-
tient. Int J Oral Max Impl 7:195-202, 1992.
45. Sbordone L, Barone A, Ciaglia RN, et al. Longitudinal study of dental implants in a periodontally compromised
population. J Periodontol 1999;70:1322-9.
68
46. Spray J, Black C, Morris H, et al. The influence of bone thickness of facial marginal bone response: Stage 1
placement through Stage 2 uncovering. Ann Periodontol 2000;5:119-28.
47. Tarnow DP, Cho SC, Wallace SS. The effect of inter-implant distance on the height of inter-implant bone crest. J
Periodontol 2000;71:546-9.
48. Tarnow DP, Emtiaz S, Classi A. Immediate loading of threated implants at Stage 1 surgery in edentulous arches:
Ten consecutive case reports with 1- to 5-year data. Int Oral Maxillofac Implants 1997;12:319-24.
49. Tolman, D.E.: Reconstructive procedures with endosseous implants in grafted bone. Int J Oral Maxillofac Impls
10:275, 1995.
50. Truhlar R, Morris H, Ochi S. Implants surface coating and bone quality-related survival outcomes through 36
months post-placement of root-form endosseous dental implants. Ann Periodontol 2000;5:109-18.
51. Truhlar R, Morris H, Ochi S. Stability of the bone-implant complex. Results of longitudinal resting to 60 months
with the periotest device on endosseous dental implants. Ann Periodontol 2000;5:42-55.
52. van Steenberghe, D., et al.: Periodontal indices around natural and titanium abutments: A longitudinal multicen-
ter study. J Periodontol 64:538-541, 1993.
53. Van Winkelhoff AJ, Goene RJ, Benschop C, et al. Early colonization of dental implants by putative periodontal
pathogens in partially edentulous patients. Clin Oral Impl Res 2000;11:511-20.
54. Wilson TG, Schenk R, Buser D, et al. Implants placed in immediate extaction sites: A report of histologic and
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55. Winkler S, Morris H, Ochi S. Implant survival to 36 months as related to length and diameter. Ann Periodontol
2000;5:22-31.
23 DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT PLANNING
1. Bahat, O.: Treatment planning and placement of implants in the posterior maxillae: Report of 732 consecutive
Nobelpharma implants. Int JOMI 8:151-161, 1993.
2. Gher, M.R. and Richardson, A.C.: The accuracy of dental radiographic techniques used for evaluation of implant
fixture placement. Int J Periodont Rest Dent 15:268-283, 1995.
3. Dao, T.T.T., Anderson, J.D. and Zarb, G.A.: Is osteoporosis a risk factor for osseointegration of dental implants?
Int'l J Oral Max Impl 8:137-144, 1993.
4. Oesterle, L.J., Cronin, R.J.,Jr. and Ranly, D.M.: Maxillary implants and the growing patient. Int'l J Oral Max Impl
8:377-387, 1993.
5. Nevins, M. and Langer, B.: The successful use of oseointegrated implants for the treatment of the recalcitrant
periodontal patient. J Periodontol 66:150-157, 1995.
6. Rapley, J.W., et al.: Soft Tissue Management During Implant Maintenance. Int J Perio Rest Dent 12:373-382,
1992.
7. Scharf, D.R. and Tarnow, D.P.: Success rates of osseointegration for implants placed under sterile versus clean
conditions. J Periodontol 64:954-956, 1993.
8. Smith, R.A., et al.: Risk Factors Associated with Dental Implants in Healthy and Medically Compromised
Patients. Int J Oral Max Impl 7:367-372, 1992.
9. Sonick, M., Abrahams, J. and Faiella, R.: A comparison of the accuracy of periapical, panoramic and
computerized tomographic radiographs in locating the mandibular canal. Int. JOMI 9:455-460, 1994.
24 WOUND HEALING
A. Histology
1. Bauman, G.R., et al.: The peri-implant sulcus. Int'l J Oral Max Impl 8:273-280, 1993.
2. Buser, et al.: Soft Tissue Reactions to Non-Submerged Unloaded Titanium Implants. J Perio 63:225, 1992.
3. Cochran, D., et al.: Attachment and growth of periodontal cells on smooth and rough titanium. Int J Oral
Maxillofac Impls 9:289-297, 1994.
4. Listgarten, M.A., et al.: Periodontal tissues and their counterparts around endosseous implants. Clin Oral Impl Res
2:1-19, 1991.
5. McCracken M., Lemons J.E., Rahemtulla F., et. al., Bone Response to Titanium Alloy Implants Placed in
Diabetic Rats. Int JOMI 15 : 345-354, 2000.
6. Pesun I.J., Steflik D.E., Parr G.R., et. al., Histologic Evaluation of the Periodontium of Abutment Teeth in
Combination Implant/Tooth Fixed Partial Denture. Int Oral Maxillofac Implants 14 : 342-350, 1999.
7. Piatelli, A., et al.: Histochemical and laser scanning microscopy characterization of the hydroxyapatite-bone
interface: An experimental study in rabbits. Int J Oral Maxillofac Impls 9:163-168, 1994.
69
8. Sharf, D.R. and Tarnow, D.P.: The effect of crestal versus mucobuccal incisions on the success rate of implant
osseointegration. Int'l J Oral Max Impl 8:187-190, 1993.
9. Steflik, D., et al.: Osteoblast activity at the dental implant-bone interface. Transmission electron microscope and
high voltage electron microscopic observations. J Periodontol 65:404-413, 1994.
10. Wilson T.G., Schenk R., Buser D., et. al., Implants Placed in Immediate Extaction Sites: A Report of Histologic
and Histometric Analyses of Human Biopsies. Int JOMI 13 : 333-341, 1998.
B. Microbiology
1. Dharmar, S., et al.: Subgingival microbial flora associated with Branemark implants. Int J Oral Maxillofac Impls
9:314-318, 1994.
2. Leonhardt, A., et al.: A longitudinal microbiological study on osseointegrated titanium implants in partially
edentulous patients. Clin Oral Impl Res 4:113-120, 1993.
3. McCollum, et al.: Effect of Titanium Implant Abutment Surface on Plaque Accumulation. J Periodontol 63:802-
805, 1992.
4. Mombelli, A., Marxer, M., Gaberthuel, T., Grunder, U. and Lang, N.: The microbiota of osseointegrated implants
in patients with a history of periodontal disease. J Clin Periodontol 22:124-130, 1995.
5. Ong, et al.: Periodontitis-Related Microorganisms Associated With Titanium Implants. J Periodontol 63:200-205,
1992.
6. Sbordone, L., Barone, A., Ramaglia, L., Ciaglia, R. and Iacono, V.: Antimicrobial susceptibility of
periodontopathic bacteria associated with failing implants. J Periodontol 66:69-74, 1995.
7. Smedberg, J-I., Svensater, G. and Edwardsson, S.: The microflora adjacent to osseointegrated implants supporting
maxillary removable prostheses. Clin Oral Impl Res 4:165-171, 1993.
8. Van Winkelhoff A.J., Goene R.J., Benschop C., et. al., Early colonization of dental implants by putative
periodontal pathogens in partially edentulous patients. Clin Oral Impl Res 11 : 511-520, 2000.
25 FAILURES AND COMPLICATIONS
A. Complications
1. Ericsson I., Persson L.G., Berglundh T., et. al., The effect of antimicrobial therapy on periimplantitis lesions. An
experimental study in the dog. Clin Oral Impl Res : 7 : 320-328, 1996.
2. Hemmings, K.W., Schmitt, A. and Zarb, G.A.: Complications and maintenance requirements for fixed prostheses
and overdentures in the edentulous mandible: A 5-year report. Int JOMI 9:191-196, 1994.
3. Jemt, T., et al.: Failures and Complications in 127 Consecutively Placed Fixed Partial Prostheses Supported by
Branemark Implants: From Prosthetic Treatment to First Annual Checkup. Int JOMI 7:40-44, 1992.
4. Lambert P., Morris H., Ochi S., The Influence of Smoking on 3-Year Clinical Success of Osseointegrated Dental
Implants. Ann. Periodontol : 5 : 79-89, 2000.
5. Manz M., Factors Associated With Radiographic Vertical Bone Loss Around Placed in a Clinical Study. Ann.
Periodontol 5 : 137-151, 2000.
6. Morgan, M.J., James, D.F. and Pilliar, R.M.: Fractures of the fixture component of an osseointegrated implant.
Int'l J Oral Max Impl 8:409-414, 1993.
7. Tolman, D.E. and Laney, W.R.: Tissue-Integrated Prosthesis Complications. Int JOMI 7:477-484, 1992.
8. Weyant, R.J.: Characteristics associated with the loss and peri-implant tissue health of endosseous dental implants.
Int J Oral Maxillofac Impls 9:95-102, 1994.
9. Worthington, P., et al.: The Swedish system of osseointegrated implants: Problems and complications encountered
during a 4-year trial period. Int J Oral Max Implants 2:77, 1988.
C. Failing Implants
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2. Esposito M., Thomsen P., Ericson L.E., et. al., Histopathologic Observations on Early Oral Implants Failures. Int
Oral Maxillofac Implants 14 : 798-810, 1999.
3. Friberg, et al.: Early failures in 4,641 consecutively placed Branemark dental implants: A study from stage 1
surgery to the connection of completed prosthesis. Int'l J Oral Max Impl 6:142-146, 1991.
4. Hanisch O., Cortella C.A., Boskovic M.M., et. al., Experimental Peri-Implant Tissue Breakdown Around
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70
5. Jaffin, R.A. and Berman, C.L.: The excessive loss of Branemark fixtures in Type IV bone: A 5-year analysis. J
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6. Jemt, T.: Failures and complications in 391 consecutively inserted fixed prostheses supported by Branemark
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7. Jovanovic, S.A., et al.: The regenerative potential of plaque-induced peri-implant bone defects treated by a
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C. Restorative Complications
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4. Jemt, T., et al.: Failures and Complications in 92 Consecutively Inserted Overdentures Supported by Branemark
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41. Simion, M., Trisi, P. and Piattelli, A.: Guided Bone Regeneration with an ePTFE membrane associated with de-
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4 years of loading. Int J Periodont Rest Dent 16:339-347, 1996.
42. Simion, M., Trisi, P., Maglione, M. and Piattelli, A.: Bacterial penetration in vitro through GTAM membrane
with and without topical Chlorhexidine application. J Clin Periodontol 22:321-331, 1995.
43. Stentz W.C., Mealey B.L., Gunsolley J.C., et al., Effects of Guided Bone Regenaration Around Commercially
Pure Titanium and Hydroxyapatite-Coated Dental Implants. II. Histologiv Analysis. J. Periodontol : 68 : 933-
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44. Tonetti MS, Ha¨mmerle CHF. Advances in bone augmentation to enable dental implant placement: Consensus
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45. Wetzel AC, Vlassis J, Caffesse RG, et al. Attempts to obtain re-osseointegration following experimental peri-
implantitis in dogs. Clin Oral Impl Res 1999;10: 111-9.
27. IMMEDIATE POST_EXTRACTION IMPLANTATION
1. Arau´jo MG, Lindhe J: Dimensional ridge alterations following tooth extraction. An
2. experimental study in the dog. J Clin Periodontol 2005; 32: 212–218.
3. Araújo MG, Wennström JL, Lindhe J. Modeling of the buccal and lingual bone walls of fresh extraction sites
following implant installation. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2006 Dec;17(6):606-14.
4. Becker W, Goldstein M. Immediate implant placement: treatment planning and surgical steps for
successful outcome. Periodontology 2000, 47, 1, 79-89, 2008 5. Botticelli D, Berglundh T, Buser D, Lindhe J. The jumping distance revisited: An experimental study in the dog.
Clin Oral Implants Res. 2003 Feb;14(1):35-42.
6. Botticelli D, Persson LG, Lindhe J, Berglundh T. Bone tissue formation adjacent to implants placed in fresh
extraction sockets: an experimental study in dogs. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2006 Aug;17(4):351-8.
7. Botticelli D, Berglundh T, Lindhe J: Hard-tissue alterations following immediate
8. implant placement in extraction sites. J Clin Periodontol 2004; 31: 820–828.
9. Cardaropoli G, Arau´jo M, Hayacibara R, Sukekava F, Lindhe J. Healing of extraction sockets and surgically
produced – augmented and non-augmented – defects in the alveolar ridge. An experimental study in the dog. J
Clin Periodont 2005; 32: 435–440.
10. Cardaropoli G, Arau´jo M, Lindhe J: Dynamics of bone tissue formation in tooth
extraction sites. An experimental study in dogs. J Clin Periodontol 2003; 30, 809–818.
11. Chen ST, Wilson TG Jr, Hämmerle CH. Immediate or early placement of implants following tooth extraction:
review of biologic basis, clinical procedures, and outcomes. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2004;19 Suppl:12-25.
12. Covani U, Cornelini R, Barone A. Vertical crestal bone changes around implants placed into fresh extraction
sockets. J Periodontol. 2007 May;78(5):810-5.
13. Gher, M.E., et al.: Bone grafting and guided bone regeneration for immediate dental implants in humans. J
Periodontol 65:881-891, 1994.
14. Iasella JM, Greenwell H, Miller RL, Hill M, Drisko C, Bohra AA, Scheetz JP. Ridge preservation with freeze-
dried bone allograft and a collagen membrane compared to extraction alone for implant site development: a
clinical and histologic study in humans. J Periodontol. 2003 Jul;74(7):990-9.
15. Lang NP, Tonetti MS, Suvan JE, Bernard JP, Botticelli D, Fourmousis I, Hallund M, Jung R, Laurell L, Salvi GE,
Shafer D, Weber H-P. Immediate implant
16. placement with transmucosal healing in areas of aesthetic priority: a multicentre randomized-controlled clinical
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17. Lazzara, R.J.: Immediate implant placement into extraction sites: Surgical and restorative advantages. J Periodont
Rest Dent 9:333-344, 1989.
18. Salama H., Salama M. : The role of orthodontic extrusive remodeling in the enhancement of soft and hard tissue
profiles prior to implant placement. Int. J. Perio & Rest. Dent : 13 : 313-334, 1993.
19. Siegenthaler DW, Jung RE, Holderegger C, Roos M, Ha¨mmerle CHF. Replacement of teeth exhibiting periapical
pathology by immediate implants. A prospective, controlled clinical trial. Clin Oral Impl Res. 18, 2007; 727–737.
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26 SINUS AUGMENTATION
1. Artzi Z, Nemcovsky CE, Tal H, et al. Histopathological morphometric evaluation of two different HA-Bone
derivatives in sinus augmentation procedures: A comparative study in humans. J Perio 2001;72:911-20.
2. Beaumont C, Zafiropoulos GG, Rohmann K, Tatakis DN. Prevalence of maxillary sinus disease and abnormalities
in patients scheduled for sinus lift procedures. J Periodontol. 2005 Mar;76(3):461-7.
3. Blomqvist, J.E., Alberius, P. and Isaksson, S.: Retrospective analysis of one-stage maxillary sinus augmentation
with osseous implants. Int J Oral Maxillofac Impl 11:512-521, 1996.
4. Collins, T.: Sinus-floor elevations and the status of membranes. Int J Oral Maxillofac Impls 9:85-96, 1994.
5. Fugazzotto PA. Augmentation of the posterior maxilla: a proposed hierarchy of treatment selection. J Periodontol.
2003 Nov;74(11):1682-91
6. Fugazzotto PA, Vlassis J. A simplified classification and repair system for sinus membrane perforations. J
Periodontol. 2003 Oct;74(10):1534-41.
7. Fuggazotto, P.A.: Maxillary sinus grafting with and without simultaneous implant placement: Technical
considerations and case reports. Int J Periodont Rest Dent 14:545-551, 1994.
8. Haas R, Donath K, Fodinger M, et al. Bovine hydroxyapatite for maxillary sinus grafting: comparative
histomorphometric findings in sheep. Clin Oral Impl Res 1998;9:107-16.
9. Hanisch O, Lozada JL, Holmes RE, et al. Maxillary sinus augmentation prior to placement of endosseous
implants: A histomorphometric analysis. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1999;14:329-36.
10. Kim MJ, Jung UW, Kim CS, Kim KD, Choi SH, Kim CK, Cho KS. Maxillary sinus septa: prevalence, height,
location, and morphology. A reformatted computed tomography scan analysis. J Periodontol. 2006
May;77(5):903-8.
11. Olson J., Dent C., Morris H., et.al., Long-Term Assessment (5 to 71 months) of Endosseous Dental Implants
Placed in the Augmented Maxillary Sinus. Ann. Periodontol 5 ; 152-156, 2000.
12. Regev, E., Smith, R., Perrott, D. and Pogrel, M.: Maxillary sinus complications related to endosseous implants. Int
J Oral maxillofac Impls 10: 451-461, 1995.
13. Pjetursson BE, Tan WC, Zwahlen M, Lang NP. A systematic review of the success of sinus floor elevation and
survival of implants inserted in combination with sinus floor elevation. Part I: Lateral approach. J Clin Periodontol
2008; 35 (Suppl. 8): 216–240.
14. Saadoun, A. and Le Gall, M.: Implant site preparation with osteotomes: Principles and clinical application.
Practical Perio Aesth Dent 8:453, 1996.
15. Schwartz-Arad D, Herzberg R, Dolev E. The prevalence of surgical complications of the sinus graft procedure and
their impact on implant survival. J Periodontol. 2004 Apr;75(4):511-6.
16. Small, S.A., et al.: Augmenting the maxillary sinus for implants: Report of 27 patients. Int J Oral maxillofac Impls
8:523-528, 1993.
17. Tan WC, Lang NP, Zwahlen M, Pjetursson BE. A systematic review of the success of sinus floor elevation and
survival of implants inserted in combination with sinus floor elevation. Part II: Transalveolar technique. J Clin
Periodontol 2008; 35 (Suppl. 8): 241–254.
18. Wetzel AC, Stich H, Caffesse RG. Bone apposition onto oral implants in the sinus area filled with different
grafting materials. A histological study in beagle dogs. Clin Oral Impl Res 1995;6:155-63.
19. Wheeler, S.L., Holmes, R.E. and Calhoun, C.J.: Six-year clinical and histologic study of sinus-lift grafts. Int J
Oral Maxillofac Impl 11:26-34, 1996.
27. ESTHETIC ASPECTS OF IMPLANTOLOGY
1. Belser UC, Buser D, Hess D, Schmid B, Bernard JP, Lang NP. Aesthetic implant restorations in partially
edentulous patients--a critical appraisal. Periodontol 2000. 1998 Jun;17:132-50
2. Belser UC, Grütter L, Vailati F, Bornstein MM, Weber HP, Buser D. Outcome evaluation of early placed
maxillary anterior single-tooth implants using objective esthetic criteria: a cross-sectional, retrospective study in
45 patients with a 2- to 4-year follow-up using pink and white esthetic scores. J Periodontol. 2009 Jan;80(1):140-
51.
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1-year prospective clinical study. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2006 Apr;17(2):165-71.
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5. Novaes AB Jr, Papalexiou V, Muglia V, Taba M Jr. Influence of interimplant distance on gingival papilla
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6. Schropp L, Isidor F, Kostopoulos L, Wenzel A. Interproximal papilla levels following early versus delayed
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7. Tarnow D, Elian N, Fletcher P, Froum S, Magner A, Cho SC, Salama M, Salama H, Garber DA. Vertical distance
from the crest of bone to the height of the interproximal papilla between adjacent implants. J Periodontol. 2003
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Annex 2: Literature seminar first year
Date Subject
09.10.2012 Anatomy and Biology of the Periodontium
16.10.2012 Anatomy and Biology of the Periodontium
23.10.2012 Periodontal examination
30.10.2012 Periodontal examination
06.11.2012 Pathogenesis - Epidemiology
13.11.2012 Pathogenesis - Disease progression
20.11.2012 Etiology - Plaque, Microbiology
27.11.2012 Current literature -September 2012
04.12.2012 Etiology - Plaque, Microbiology
11.12.2012 Pathogenesis - Inflammation
18.12.2012 Pathogenesis - Immunology
25.12.2012 Current literature -October 2012
01.01.2013 Pathogenesis – Genetics
08.01.2013 Etiology - Calculus, local factors
15.01.2013 Etiology - Smoking
22.01.2013 Current literature -November 2012
29.01.2013 Pathogenesis & Etiology - השלמות
01.02.2013 Basical Surgical Techniques and Instrumentation 00:00-00:00יום ה
05.02.2013 Occlusion
12.02.2013 Differential Diagnosis - Gingivitis
19.02.2013 current literature - December 2012
21.02.2013 Basical Surgical Techniques and Instrumentation 00:00-00:00יום ה
26.02.2013 Differential Diagnosis - Periodontitis
05.03.2013 Evaluation, Prognosis, Treatment Planning
12.03.2013 Evaluation, Prognosis, Treatment Planning
19.03.2013 current literature - January 2013
03.04.2013 Mechanical Plaque Control
09.04.2013 Chemical Plaque Control
השלמות 23.04.2013
30.04.2013 Nonsurgical Therapy - Scaling/Root planing
07.05.2013 current literature - February 2013
21.05.2013 Nonsurgical Therapy - Scaling/Root planing
28.05.2013 Chemotherapeutics - Antibiotics and Anti-inflammatory
04.06.2013 current literature - March 2013
11.06.2013 Local Drug Delivery
18.06.2013 Aggressive Periodontal Diseases
25.06.2013 current literature - April 2013
02.07.2013 NUG/NUP
09.07.2013 Acute situations in periodontal therapy
השלמות 16.07.2013
23.07.2013 current literature - May 2013
30.07.2013 Systemic Factors, the systemic - perio connection
06.08.2013 Systemic Factors, the systemic - perio connection
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13.08.2013 Introduction to Implantology - Via/Wilensky/Goldstein
20.08.2013 current literature - June 2013 08:00-10:00
20.08.2013 Introduction to Implantology - Via/Wilensky/Goldstein 10:00-
12:00
27.08.2013 Introduction to Implantology - Via/Goldstein 08:00-12:00
03.09.2013 Intermittent Examination
10.09.2012 current literature - July 2013
77
Annex 3: Literature seminar second year
date subject
1.10.2013 Basic Principles of Periodontal Surgery and Wound Healing
8.10.2013 Basic Principles of Periodontal Surgery and Wound Healing
15.10.2013 current literature - August 2013
22.10.2013 Gingivectomy, Gingivoplasty, Curretage, ENAP
29.10.2013 Open Flap Debridment
05.11.2013 current literature - September 2013
12.11.2013 Resective procedures
19.11.2013 Lasers and periodontal therapy
26.11.2013 Additional Surgical Procedures
03.12.2013 Root Surface Modification + השלמות
10.12.2013 current literature - October 2013
17.12.2013 Regenerative therapy - Principles
24.12.2013 Regenerative therapy - Principles
31.12.2013 Bone grafts and growth factors
07.01.2014 current literature - November 2013
14.01.2014 Bone grafts and growth factors
21.04.2014 Bone grafts and growth factors
28.01.2014 Regenerative Therapy: GTR
04.02.2014 current literature - December 2013
11.04.2014 Regenerative Therapy: GTR
18.02.2014 Regenerative Therapy: EMD
25.02.2014 Regenerative Therapy: EMD
04.03.2014 Regenerative Therapy - long term results
11.03.2014 Regenerative Therapy - השלמות
18.03.2014 current literature - January 2014
25.03.2014 Periodontal plastic surgery
01.04.2014 Periodontal plastic surgery
08.04.2014 Periodontal plastic surgery
22.04.2014 current literature - February 2014
29.04.2014 The furcation
13.05.2014 The Periodontal - Endodontal connection
20.05.2014 The Periodontal - Restorative connection
27.05.2014 current literature - March 2014
10.06.2014 The Periodontal - Orthodontic connection
17.06.2014 Mucocutaneous lesions - differential diagnosis
השלמות 24.06.2014
01.07.2014 current literature - April 2014
08.07.2014 Periodontal Supportive Therapy and Re-treatment
15.07.2014 Decisions making in periodontal therapy
22.07.2014 Microbiology of Periodontal Diseases - update - Dr. Arnon Grossman
29.07.2014 Immunology and Genetics - update - Dr. Ran Asher
השלמות 05.08.2014
12.08.2014 current literature - May 2014
19.08.2014 Chemotherapeutics - update - Dr. Rachel Berkun-Horowitz
26.08.2014 The systemic/perio connection - update - Dr. Inbar Eshkol-Yogev
78
02.09.2014 current literature - June 2014
09.09.2014 Intermittent Examination
16.09.2014 current literature - July 2014
השלמות 23.09.2014
79
Annex 4: Literature seminar third year ( final dates will be prepared in June 2014)
Date Subject
Current literature -August 2014
Principles of Osseointegration
Wound healing
Wound healing
Current literature -September 2014
Radiological Evaluation
Implant surface characteristics - Visiting lecturer: Prof. Z. Schwartz
Diagnosis and treatment planning
Current literature - October 2014
Implants types and anatomies - seminar - all students / Dr. Assad
Implants types and anatomies - seminar - all students / Dr. Assad
Principles of surgery
Guided Bone Regeneration
Current literature - November 2014
Guided Bone Regeneration
Guided Bone Regeneration:part 1 - seminar - Dr. Asher / Prof. Goldstein
Guided Bone Regeneration: part 2 - seminar - Dr. Asher / Prof. Goldstein
Immediate implant placement
Current literature - December 2014
Immediate implant placement: part 1- seminar - Dr. Horowitz-Berkun/Prof. Goldstein
Immediate implant placement: part 2- seminar - Dr. Horowitz-Berkun/Prof. Goldstein
Sinus Floor Augmentation
Current literature - January 2015
Closed Sinus Floor Augmentation
Open Sinus Floor Augmentation - seminar - Dr. Eshcol-Yogev/Prof. Goldstein
Current literature - February 2015
Closed Sinus Floor Augmentation - seminar - Dr. Eshcol-Yogev/Prof. Goldstein
Monocortical & Allograft Blocks
Esthetic aspects in Implantology
Minimally Invasive Implant Surgery - Prof. L. Shapira
Current literature - March 2015
Failures and complications
Perimplantitis / Microbiology
Current literature - April 2015
Failures/complications/periimplantitis:part 1 - seminar - Dr. Grossman / Dr. Polak
Failures/complications/periimplantitis:part 2 - seminar -Dr. Grossman / Dr. Polak
השלמות
Current literature - May 2015
Immediate loading - seminar Dr. Asher / Dr. Polak
Short implants vs. GBR - seminar Dr. Horowitz-Berkun / Dr. Assad
Periodontal Plastic surgery (teeth) - seminar Dr. Eshcol-Yogev / Prof. Goldstein
Periodontal Plastic surgery (implants) - seminar Dr. Grossman / Prof. Goldstein
Current literature - June 2015
Intermitent exam
Current literature - July 2015
80