The Harmful effects of smoking

www.tuberose.com/ Cigarette_Smoke.html

How do all those chemicals get in a cigarette?

~Farmers use many chemicals to grow tobacco. They use fertilizers to make the soil rich and insecticides to kill the insects that eat the tobacco plant.

~After the tobacco plants are picked, they are dried, and machines break up the leaves into small pieces. Artificial flavorings and other chemicals are added. Some chemicals are put in cigarettes to keep them burning; otherwise, they would go out.

http://healthliteracy.worlded.org/docs/tobacco/Unit4/1whats_in.html

Brain

Nicotine stimulates the “pleasure centers” in the brain than acts as a tranquilizer and sedativeNicotine directly affects, alters, and takes control of specialized receptor cells in the brain responsible for regulating well-being, mood, and memoryThe drug remains active for 20-40 minutes, than withdrawal symptoms beginMood changes: person becomes irritable, anxious, and discomfort becomes more severe leading to addiction

Throat

Cancer of Larynx (voice box) and esophagusIrritates membranes of the throat

HeartNicotine raises heart rateIncreases blood pressureConstricts blood vesselsCarbon monoxide decreases delivery of oxygen to the heart, increasing risk of heart attack and strokesCauses weakening of heart muscle’s ability to pump blood, leading to deathCauses aortic aneurysms and pulmonary heart disease

Liver

Causes cirrhosis of the liver

Adrenal Glands

Stimulates adrenaline production, speeding up the heart and increasing blood pressure

Vertebrae

Increased risk of vertebral cancer

Reproductive SystemMale: reduces sex drive and increases risk of impotence in malesFemales: increased chance of cervical cancer, less fertile, and brings on menopause earlierIncreases chance of miscarriage, pregnancy complications, bleeding, and premature deliveryMay cause impairment of baby’s growth, intellect and emotional development

MouthDulls taste budsIrritates membranes of mouthBleeding and receding gumsGum DiseaseFoul breathHair growth on tongueNumbnessStaining teeth, tooth decay, loss of teethCancer of mouth

LUNGS

Chronic obstructive lung diseaseDamages and destroys tiny air sacs reducing lungs ability to bring in oxygen and remove carbon dioxideEmphysema: damaged air sacsBronchial tubes become inflammed, and thickened with mucus narrowing air passages=chronic bronchitisLung cancer: tar and other particles settle in bronchiole tubes causing cancer

Healthy Lung Lung with Cancer (caused from smoking)

http://www.haltthehabit.com/effects_of_smoking.htm

Stomach and Duodenum

Stomach and duodenal ulcers develop, creating burning pain

Kidneys

Reduces kidneys ability to process fluids and wasteInhibits formation of urineCancer

Bladder

Causes cancer of the bladder

Bones

Increased risk of early onset of osteoporosis (weakening, softening and thinning of the bone

Secondhand Smoke Facts Comes from two places: smoke exhaled by the person who smokes and smoke from the end of a burning cigaretteContains over 4000 chemicals, 200 are poison and 43 cause cancerSecondhand smoke causes cancer at typical everyday exposure levelsNon-smoking women who live with a spouse who smokes has a 30% greater risk of lung cancerContains cancer-causing and other toxic substances that are often in greater concentrations than in the smoke inhaled by the smoker. Some chemical compounds found in smoke only become carcinogenic after they've come into contact with certain enzymes found in many of the tissues of the human body, so the smoke that is breathed out may be worse than the smoke breathed in by the smoker through the cigarette.

Secondhand Smoke Contains….2 times as much tar and nicotine5 times as much carbon monoxide50 times as much ammonia as mainstream It is estimated that only 15% of cigarette smoke gets inhaled by the smoker. The remaining 85% lingers in the air for everyone to breathe.The chemicals found in secondhand smoke are the same as those inhaled by the activesmoker. However, because their combustion is incomplete, the concentration is 100times higher.

ww1.umn.edu/perio/tobacco/secondhandsmoke.htmlhttp://wichita.kumc.edu/care/fact-sheets/Secondhand-Smoke.pdf

smokeww1.umn.edu/perio/tobacco/secondhandsmoke.html

How does secondhand smoke affect you?

2 hours in an enclosed smoky area is equivalent to smoking 4 cigarettes

2 hours in a non-smoking area of a building where smoking is taking place is equal to smoking 2 cigarettes

When Smokers Quit

20 Minutes After That Last Cigarette

Blood pressure drops to normalPulse rate drops to normalBody temperature of hands and feet increases to normal

8 Hours After

Carbon monoxide level in blood drops to normalOxygen level in blood increases to normal

24 Hours After

Chance of heart attack decreases

48 Hours After

Nerve endings start growingAbility to smell and taste is enhanced

2 Weeks to 3 months After

Circulation ImprovesWalking becomes easierLung function increases up to 30%

1 To 9 Months After

Decrease in coughing, sinus congestion, fatigue, shortness of breath

One Year Later

Excess risk of coronary heart disease is half that of a smoker

5 Years After

Lung cancer death rate for average former smoker (one pack a day) decreases by almost halfStroke risk is reduced to that of a nonsmoker 5-15 years after quittingRisk of cancer of the mouth, throat and esophagus is half that of a smoker’s

10 Years AfterLung cancer death rate similar to that of non-smokersPrecancerous cells are replacedRisk of cancer of the mouth, throat, esophagus, bladder, kidney and pancreas decreases

15 Years After

Risk of coronary heart disease is that of a non-smoker