the growth of the american labor movement
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The Growth of the American Labor Movement. Labor Force Distribution 1870-1900. The Changing American Labor Force. Child Labor. Child Labor. “Galley Labor”. Labor Unrest: 1870-1900. The Molly Maguires (1875). James McParland Pickerton Agent who uncover the Mollies. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Labor Force Distribution
1870-1900
Labor Force Distribution
1870-1900
The Changing American
Labor Force
The Changing American
Labor Force
Child LaborChild Labor
Child LaborChild Labor
“Galley Labor”“Galley Labor”
Labor Unrest: 1870-1900
Labor Unrest: 1870-1900
The Molly Maguires (1875)Irish employees a member of a secret society that terrorized law officers
during the 1840s to prevent evictions
The Molly Maguires (1875)Irish employees a member of a secret society that terrorized law officers
during the 1840s to prevent evictions
James James McParlandMcParland
Pickerton Agent Pickerton Agent who uncover the who uncover the
MolliesMollies
Irish coal miners who crimes against coal mine employers after a 20% wage deduction
The Corporate “Bully-Boys”:
PinkertonAgents
The Corporate “Bully-Boys”:
PinkertonAgents
Management vs. Labor
Management vs. Labor
““Tools” of Tools” of ManagementManagement
““Tools” of Tools” of LaborLabor
““scabs”scabs”
P. R. campaignP. R. campaign
PinkertonsPinkertons
lockoutlockout
blacklistingblacklisting
yellow-dog yellow-dog contractscontracts
court injunctionscourt injunctions
open shopopen shop
boycottsboycotts
sympathy sympathy demonstrationsdemonstrations
informational informational picketingpicketing
closed shopsclosed shops
organized organized strikesstrikes
““wildcat” strikeswildcat” strikes
A Striker Confronts a SCAB!
A Striker Confronts a SCAB!
Knights of LaborKnights of Labor
Terence V. PowderlyTerence V. Powderly
Knights leaderKnights leader
An injury to one is the concern of An injury to one is the concern of all!all!
Knights of LaborKnights of Labor
Knights of Labor trade cardKnights of Labor trade card
Goals of the Knights of Labor
Goals of the Knights of Laborù Eight-hour workday.Eight-hour workday.
ù Workers’ cooperatives.Workers’ cooperatives.
ù Worker-owned factories.Worker-owned factories.
ù Abolition of child and prison labor.Abolition of child and prison labor.
ù Increased circulation of greenbacks.Increased circulation of greenbacks.
ù Equal pay for men and women.Equal pay for men and women.
ù Safety codes in the workplace.Safety codes in the workplace.
ù Prohibition of contract foreign labor.Prohibition of contract foreign labor.
ù Abolition of the National Bank.Abolition of the National Bank.
The Great Railroad Strike of 1877
The Great Railroad Strike of 1877
The Great Railroad Strike of 1877
The Great Railroad Strike of 1877
Railroad workers response to wages cuts. States sent in militia and became violent. Strkers burned down the Pennsylvania RR Depot. Pres. Hayes eventually sent in US milita.
The Tournament of Today:
A Set-to Between Labor and Monopoly
The Tournament of Today:
A Set-to Between Labor and Monopoly
Anarchists Meet on the Lake Front in
1886
Anarchists Meet on the Lake Front in
1886
Haymarket Riot (1886)
Haymarket Riot (1886)
At the McCormick Harvesting Machine Co. striking At the McCormick Harvesting Machine Co. striking workers met in response to wage cuts. The police workers met in response to wage cuts. The police intervened and a striker threw a bomb, killing 8 intervened and a striker threw a bomb, killing 8
policemen and many innocent civilians (friendly fire). 3 policemen and many innocent civilians (friendly fire). 3 men were convicted of murder and sentenced to life in men were convicted of murder and sentenced to life in
prison. One other killed himself in jail.prison. One other killed himself in jail.
Haymarket MartyrsHaymarket Martyrs
Governor John Peter Altgeld
Governor John Peter Altgeld
Illinois governor during Haymarket Riot. He pardoned three men in the Riot. Later passed workplace safety and child labor laws in Illinois.
The American Federation
of Labor: 1886
The American Federation
of Labor: 1886
Samuel GompersSamuel Gompers
How the AF of L Would Help the
Workers
How the AF of L Would Help the
Workersù Catered to the skilled worker.Catered to the skilled worker.
ù Represented workers in matters of Represented workers in matters of national legislation.national legislation.
ù Maintained a national strike fund.Maintained a national strike fund.
ù Evangelized the cause of unionism.Evangelized the cause of unionism.
ù Prevented disputes among the many Prevented disputes among the many craft unions.craft unions.
ù Mediated disputes between Mediated disputes between management and labor.management and labor.
ù Pushed for Pushed for closed shopsclosed shops..
Homestead Steel Strike
(1892)
Homestead Steel Strike
(1892)
The Amalgamated The Amalgamated Association of Association of
Iron & Steel WorkersIron & Steel Workers
Homestead Steel Homestead Steel WorksWorks
Big Corporate Profits!Big Corporate Profits!
Attempted Assassination!
Attempted Assassination!
Henry Clay FrickHenry Clay FrickOwner of the Homestead Steel mineOwner of the Homestead Steel mine
Friend with Andrew CarnegieFriend with Andrew Carnegie
Labeled in the 1900 as “The countries most Labeled in the 1900 as “The countries most hated man.”hated man.”
Opposed unionsOpposed unions
Alexander BerkmanAlexander Berkman
Anarchist writerAnarchist writer
14 years in prison14 years in prison
A “Compa
nyTown”:
Pullman, IL
A “Compa
nyTown”:
Pullman, IL
Pullman CarsPullman Cars
A Pullman A Pullman porterporter
The Pullman Strike of 1894
The Pullman Strike of 1894
President Grover Cleveland
President Grover Cleveland
If it takes the entire army and navy to If it takes the entire army and navy to deliver a postal card in Chicago, that card deliver a postal card in Chicago, that card
will be delivered!will be delivered!
The Pullman Strike of 1894
The Pullman Strike of 1894
Government by injunction!Government by injunction!
The SocialistsThe Socialists
Eugene V. DebsEugene V. Debs
International Workers of the World (“Wobblies”)
International Workers of the World (“Wobblies”)
“Big Bill” Haywood of the
IWW
“Big Bill” Haywood of the
IWW
Violence was justified to Violence was justified to overthrow capitalism.overthrow capitalism.
I W W & the InternationaleI W W & the
Internationale
The Hand That Will Rule the World One
Big Union
The Hand That Will Rule the World One
Big Union
Mother Jones: “The Miner’s Angel”
Mother Jones: “The Miner’s Angel”
Mary Harris.Mary Harris.
Organizer for theOrganizer for theUnited MineUnited MineWorkers.Workers.
Founded the Founded the SocialSocialDemocratic Party Democratic Party in 1898.in 1898.
One of the One of the founding founding members of the I. members of the I. W. W. in 1905.W. W. in 1905.
Lawrence, MA Strike: 1912
Lawrence, MA Strike: 1912
The “Bread & Roses” Strike
The “Bread & Roses” Strike
DEMANDS:DEMANDS:
ù 15¢/hr. wage increase.15¢/hr. wage increase.
ù Double pay for overtime.Double pay for overtime.
ù No discrimination against strikers.No discrimination against strikers.
ù An end to “speed-up” on the An end to “speed-up” on the assembly line.assembly line.
ù An end to discrimination againstAn end to discrimination againstforeign immigrant workers.foreign immigrant workers.
Lawrence, MA Strike: 1912
Lawrence, MA Strike: 1912
The “Formul
a”
The “Formul
a”
unions unions + violence + strikes + socialists + violence + strikes + socialists + immigrants immigrants = anarchistsanarchists
Labor Union MembershipLabor Union Membership
“Solidarity Forever!”by Ralph Chapin (1915)
“Solidarity Forever!”by Ralph Chapin (1915)
When the union's inspiration When the union's inspiration through the workers‘ blood shall run, through the workers‘ blood shall run,There can be no power greater There can be no power greater anywhere beneath the sun; anywhere beneath the sun;Yet what force on earth is weaker Yet what force on earth is weaker than the feeble strength of one, than the feeble strength of one,But the union makes us strong! But the union makes us strong!
CHORUS:CHORUS:Solidarity forever,Solidarity forever,Solidarity forever,Solidarity forever,Solidarity forever,Solidarity forever,For the union For the union makes us strong! makes us strong!
Come On Come On and and
Sing Along!!Sing Along!!
Come On Come On and and
Sing Along!!Sing Along!!
“Solidarity Forever!”“Solidarity Forever!”Is there aught we hold in common with the greedy parasite,Who would lash us into serfdom and would crush us with his might?Is there anything left to us but to organize and fight?For the union makes us strong!
CHORUS:CHORUS:Solidarity forever,Solidarity forever,Solidarity forever,Solidarity forever,Solidarity forever,Solidarity forever,For the union For the union makes us strong! makes us strong!
“Solidarity Forever!”“Solidarity Forever!” * * * *
Through our sisters and our brothersThrough our sisters and our brothers we can make our union strong, we can make our union strong,For respect and equal value, For respect and equal value, we have done without too long. we have done without too long.We no longer have to tolerate We no longer have to tolerate injustices and wrongs, injustices and wrongs,Yes, the union makes us strong!Yes, the union makes us strong!
CHORUS:CHORUS:Solidarity forever,Solidarity forever,Solidarity forever,Solidarity forever,Solidarity forever,Solidarity forever,For the union For the union makes us strong! makes us strong!
Workers Benefits Today
Workers Benefits Today
The Rise & Decline of Organized Labor
The Rise & Decline of Organized Labor
Right-to-Work States Today
Right-to-Work States Today
Unionism & Globalization?
Unionism & Globalization?
Capitalism a Love StoryCapitalism a Love Story• Michael-modern day Moore socialist, Michael-modern day Moore socialist,
who created a documentary on the who created a documentary on the modern global meltdown and how modern global meltdown and how corporate fat cats made it happen.corporate fat cats made it happen.