the greeks. minoan civilization on crete-an island surrounded by the aegean sea. on crete-an island...

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The Greeks The Greeks

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Page 1: The Greeks. Minoan civilization On Crete-an island surrounded by the Aegean Sea. On Crete-an island surrounded by the Aegean Sea. Do not know the real

The GreeksThe Greeks

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Minoan civilizationMinoan civilization

• On Crete-an island On Crete-an island surrounded by the surrounded by the Aegean Sea.Aegean Sea.

• Do not know the Do not know the real name of these real name of these people.people.

• Named after Minos Named after Minos the legendary king the legendary king of Crete.of Crete.

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Minoan civilizationMinoan civilization

• Success was based on trade not conquestSuccess was based on trade not conquest..• Rulers lived in the palace at KnossosRulers lived in the palace at Knossos• There were religious There were religious shrines-areas dedicated shrines-areas dedicated

to honor gods and goddesses.to honor gods and goddesses.• Walls were decorated with Walls were decorated with frescos-watercolor frescos-watercolor

paintings done on plaster.paintings done on plaster.– Showed that women may have had some freedom.Showed that women may have had some freedom.

• The civilization disappeared.The civilization disappeared.– Possible volcano, earthquake, or tidal wave.Possible volcano, earthquake, or tidal wave.

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MycenaeMycenae

• Indo-European people who conquered the Indo-European people who conquered the Greek mainland and then overran Crete.Greek mainland and then overran Crete.

• They were sea tradersThey were sea traders– Went as far as Sicily, Italy, Egypt, and Went as far as Sicily, Italy, Egypt, and

MesopotamiaMesopotamia

• Lived in separate city-states on the MainlandLived in separate city-states on the Mainland– Warrior-kings built a thick walled fortress from Warrior-kings built a thick walled fortress from

which he ruled the surrounding areas.which he ruled the surrounding areas.– They had lots of treasureThey had lots of treasure

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Trojan warTrojan war

• Thought to be a myth until Heinrich Thought to be a myth until Heinrich Schliemann set out to prove it was true.Schliemann set out to prove it was true.

• He found evidence of war and fire when he He found evidence of war and fire when he excavated Troy.excavated Troy.

• Trojan war was between Mycenae and Troy.Trojan war was between Mycenae and Troy.– Probably for economic reasonsProbably for economic reasons– Troy controlled the vital Troy controlled the vital

straits or narrow water passagesstraits or narrow water passages that connected that connected the Mediterranean and Black Seas.the Mediterranean and Black Seas.

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Legend of TroyLegend of Troy

• Legend says that the War resulted from Legend says that the War resulted from when the Trojan prince Paris kidnapped when the Trojan prince Paris kidnapped Helen who was the wife of a Greek king.Helen who was the wife of a Greek king.

• Mycenaeans sailed to Troy to rescue her.Mycenaeans sailed to Troy to rescue her.

• The war lasted 10 years-the Greeks won The war lasted 10 years-the Greeks won and burned the city to the ground.and burned the city to the ground.

• http://http://troymovie.warnerbros.comtroymovie.warnerbros.com//

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Trojan Horse in TurkeyTrojan Horse in Turkey

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The Age of HomerThe Age of Homer

• Mycenaean civilization crumbled not Mycenaean civilization crumbled not long after the fall of Troylong after the fall of Troy– Because of sea raidersBecause of sea raiders– People abandoned the citiesPeople abandoned the cities

• Civilization took a step backwardsCivilization took a step backwards– People forgot many skills including People forgot many skills including

writing.writing.

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HomerHomer

• We get hints about We get hints about this life from two this life from two poems written during poems written during this time by Homer.this time by Homer.– The IliadThe Iliad– The OdysseyThe Odyssey

• The Iliad is about the The Iliad is about the Trojan War and Trojan War and Achilles Achilles

• The Odyssey is about The Odyssey is about Odysseus returning Odysseus returning home to Penelope home to Penelope after the Trojan warafter the Trojan war

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Geography of GreeceGeography of Greece

• Greece is part of the Balkan Greece is part of the Balkan peninsulapeninsula

• Mountains divide the peninsula and Mountains divide the peninsula and isolate it.isolate it.

• They didn’t create a large empire but They didn’t create a large empire but small isolated city-states.small isolated city-states.

• This caused many wars.This caused many wars.

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The SeasThe Seas

• The sea was the link to the outside worldThe sea was the link to the outside world– Had 100’s of bays that provided safe harbors Had 100’s of bays that provided safe harbors

for ships.for ships.– Became skilled sailorsBecame skilled sailors

• Adapted ideas tooAdapted ideas too– Changed the Phoenician alphabet Changed the Phoenician alphabet – This became the basis for our alphabetThis became the basis for our alphabet

• Population growth caused them to expand Population growth caused them to expand outwardoutward

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City-StatesCity-States

• Greeks had a Greeks had a city-state called a Poliscity-state called a Polis

• It was built on two levelsIt was built on two levels– The The acropolis (high city) was built on a hilltop acropolis (high city) was built on a hilltop

and had great marble temples dedicated to and had great marble temples dedicated to the different gods and goddesses.the different gods and goddesses.

– On flatter ground below lay the walled main On flatter ground below lay the walled main city city •Marketplace, theater, public buildings, and homesMarketplace, theater, public buildings, and homes

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Early GovernmentEarly Government

• Early government-ruler of the polis was like a Early government-ruler of the polis was like a king.king.– Monarchy is a government in which a king or Monarchy is a government in which a king or

queen exercises central powerqueen exercises central power• Power shifted to a class of noble landownersPower shifted to a class of noble landowners

– They got power for themselves and ruled They got power for themselves and ruled according to according to aristocracy-rule by landholding elitearistocracy-rule by landholding elite

• Trade expanded and a new middle class Trade expanded and a new middle class emergedemerged– This caused and This caused and oligarchy-power in the hands of oligarchy-power in the hands of

small, powerful elitesmall, powerful elite

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Two different city-statesTwo different city-states

• SpartaSparta

• AthensAthens

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SpartaSparta

• Sparta is in PeloponnesusSparta is in Peloponnesus• They were Dorians who conquered They were Dorians who conquered

LaconiaLaconia• They turned the conquered people They turned the conquered people

into into state owned slaves known as state owned slaves known as helotshelots– Helots were supposed to work the landHelots were supposed to work the land– The helots outnumbered them so they The helots outnumbered them so they

had to have strict control.had to have strict control.

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Spartan cultureSpartan culture

• They had two kingsThey had two kings and a council of and a council of elders and an assembly made up of elders and an assembly made up of all citizens to approve major all citizens to approve major decisionsdecisions– Citizens were male, native-born Citizens were male, native-born

Spartans over 30.Spartans over 30.

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Being a citizenBeing a citizen

• From childhood Spartans prepared to be From childhood Spartans prepared to be part of a military state.part of a military state.

• All newborns were examined and the All newborns were examined and the sickly ones were left to die.sickly ones were left to die.

• At 7 boys began training for a lifetime in At 7 boys began training for a lifetime in the military.the military.– They moved into barracksThey moved into barracks– They slept on hard palates, ate bad food, had They slept on hard palates, ate bad food, had

hard exercise, and strict disciplinehard exercise, and strict discipline– They were encouraged to steal food but were They were encouraged to steal food but were

punished if caught. punished if caught.

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A soldier’s lifeA soldier’s life

• Spartan youth became excellent Spartan youth became excellent soldierssoldiers

• At 20 they could marry, but they At 20 they could marry, but they lived in the barracks for another 10 lived in the barracks for another 10 years and ate there for another 40 years and ate there for another 40 years.years.

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Women in SpartaWomen in Sparta

• Girls were to produce healthy soldiers and Girls were to produce healthy soldiers and sons for the army.sons for the army.

• They were to exercise and strengthen They were to exercise and strengthen their bodies.their bodies.

• They had to obey their fathers or They had to obey their fathers or husbandshusbands– They could inherit propertyThey could inherit property– Because of wars they took on more Because of wars they took on more

responsibilities.responsibilities.

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Spartans Spartans

• Isolated themselves from their Isolated themselves from their neighborsneighbors

• Looked down on trade and wealthLooked down on trade and wealth

• Travel was forbiddenTravel was forbidden

• ““Spartans are willing to die because Spartans are willing to die because they have no reason to live”they have no reason to live”

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AthensAthens

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AthensAthens

• Athens is in AtticaAthens is in Attica• Government went from Government went from

monarchy to aristocracymonarchy to aristocracy• Under the aristocracy Under the aristocracy

wealth and power grew wealth and power grew but people were not but people were not happyhappy– They demanded change They demanded change

and didn’t want the nobles and didn’t want the nobles to have all of the power.to have all of the power.

– In hard times, farmers had In hard times, farmers had to sell their land and even to sell their land and even themselves sometimes to themselves sometimes to pay debts.pay debts.

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Call for changeCall for change

• Athens moved slowly Athens moved slowly towards a towards a democracy-democracy-government by the people.government by the people.

• Solon was appointed chief Solon was appointed chief official and was told to official and was told to make reforms.make reforms.– He outlawed debt slaveryHe outlawed debt slavery

and freed those in debt and freed those in debt slaveryslavery

– Opened high offices to Opened high offices to more citizensmore citizens

– Gave citizenship to some Gave citizenship to some foreignersforeigners

– Gave the assembly more Gave the assembly more say in important decisionssay in important decisions

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Not really that reformedNot really that reformed

• Solon’s reforms helped but only for Solon’s reforms helped but only for somesome

• Citizenship was still limitedCitizenship was still limited

• This led to the rise of This led to the rise of tyrants-people tyrants-people who gain power by force.who gain power by force.

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More reformsMore reforms

• An the assembly was made this was An the assembly was made this was a a legislature-a law making body.legislature-a law making body.– They debated lawsThey debated laws– All male citizens over 30 were membersAll male citizens over 30 were members

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Government still limitedGovernment still limited

• Democracy still limitedDemocracy still limited

• Only male citizens could participateOnly male citizens could participateSlaves and women had no voiceSlaves and women had no voice

• BUT Athens gave people more of a BUT Athens gave people more of a say than anybody else.say than anybody else.

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Bellwork-Be able to answer the Bellwork-Be able to answer the following:following:

• What kind of Government did Athens move What kind of Government did Athens move towards?towards?

• How did Athens treat women?How did Athens treat women?

• What were some things that united Greece?What were some things that united Greece?

• Describe the religion of the Greeks.Describe the religion of the Greeks.

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Women in AthensWomen in Athens

• Women had no part in Women had no part in public lifepublic life

• In wealthy homes, In wealthy homes, Athenian women were Athenian women were secludedsecluded– They managed the They managed the

household, spun and wove, household, spun and wove, took care of the children, took care of the children, and prepared food.and prepared food.

• Poor women worked Poor women worked outside of the homeoutside of the home

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Education in AthensEducation in Athens

• Only boys attended schoolOnly boys attended school if their if their families could afford it.families could afford it.– They learned to read and write, studied They learned to read and write, studied

music, poetry, and public speakingmusic, poetry, and public speaking– They received military trainingThey received military training– But they were encouraged to explore But they were encouraged to explore

and learn new things.and learn new things.

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Unity in GreeceUnity in Greece

• Despite the rivalries between city-Despite the rivalries between city-states there were forces for unity.states there were forces for unity.– ReligionReligion

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Religion in GreeceReligion in Greece

• The Greeks were The Greeks were polytheisticpolytheistic

• They believed that their They believed that their gods lived on Mt. Olympus gods lived on Mt. Olympus in Northern Greece.in Northern Greece.

• Zeus was King of the godsZeus was King of the gods and presided over the and presided over the affairs of humans and affairs of humans and gods.gods.– His wife was Hera and his His wife was Hera and his

children included:children included:• Aphrodite-goddess of Aphrodite-goddess of

love, Ares-god of war, and love, Ares-god of war, and Athena-goddess of Athena-goddess of wisdomwisdom

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BellworkBellwork

• Begin reading article at desk.Begin reading article at desk.

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The Persian WarsThe Persian Wars

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Thermopylae Thermopylae

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Battle of SalamisBattle of Salamis

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BellworkBellwork

• Explain this quote in at least 50 Explain this quote in at least 50 words:words:

• You carry your helmet for you but you You carry your helmet for you but you carry your shield for the entire line. carry your shield for the entire line.

• Use the terms hoplite and phalanx in Use the terms hoplite and phalanx in your answer.your answer.

• Use the article from yesterday.Use the article from yesterday.