The Greeks:Legacies

Geography

Chronology

• Archaic Greece (3000-1600 B.C.) • Mycenaen Greece (1600-1200 B.C.) • Dark Ages (1200-800 B.C.) • Greek Renaissance (800-600 B.C.)• Classical or Hellenic Greece (600-323 B.C.) • Hellenistic Greece (323-31 B.C.)

The Polis (City-State)

Democracy

Intellectual Inheritances:Order & Meaning in the Universe

Virtue

sophrosyn (moderation, self-control) hubris (pride, arrogance, unbridled ambition)

philosophy ("love of wisdom")

phenomena of the universe explained by natural causes

Sophists submitted all conventional beliefs to the test of rational criticism

human excellence or virtue is knowledge, and evil and error are the result of ignorance

truth exists, but only in the realm of thought, the spiritual world of Ideas or Forms

Plato’s The Republic:concept of an ideal state

"philosophy of human affairs": object is the acquisition and maintenance of human

happiness

Aristotle, Ethics:two kinds of virtue (arete)

intellectual moral

Hippocrates: disease resulted from natural, not supernatural, causes

four liquids or humors

• Blood

• Phlegm

• Black bile

• Yellow bile