the greatest opportunity how boats were invented and housing ne… · 1 copyright© robert bean,...
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1
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
a healthyheating.com produ ction
The Greatest Opportunity
HRAI Learning Forum, Halifax, NS
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
HousekeepingDay Schedule
Fire Exits, Washrooms, Cell PhonesNominalizations and Generalizations
Commercial Free ContentNot For Resale
Not for Commercial Benefit or RedistributionFor Educational Purposes Only
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
Data and Slide CreditsNational Institute on Aging, A ging in the A mericas, Slide 9
Stats Cana da, Slide 9,2 2,23,2 7, 29, 49, 50, 51, 57 , 62
seniors source & or CMHC, Slides 64 -70
HS Den t Co rpo ration, Slide 4 0Paine Webbe r, Slide 28
Canadian S tanda rds Association, Slide 9, 11 6, 126, 127
U.S. De part ment of Ene rg y, Slide 9, 1 42, 14 3North Ame rican Ho me Builders Association, Slide 9
American Societ y of Heating, Ref rigeration, Air Conditioning E ngineers., Slide 9,88, 89,9 0,91,9 7,98,1 00, 10 6, 107 , 110, 112, 1 17, 11 8
Building Science Corpo ration, Slide 121, 1 22All slide materials copy w ritten, All righ ts rese rved
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
The Seminar Credo
“The majority will attend because they are truly interested or simply
curious.”C W Thomas
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
We can’t predict the
future…we can only
decide to be an
observer, follower or
leader in its
development. Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
Aging of America into
Rising Fuel Costs and Declines in Available
Skilled Labor
The Greatest Opportunity
Resources
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
• Questions to Ask• How did we get here?• What do we want?• How do we define it?• How do we specify it?• How do we built it?
The Greatest Opportunity
Resources
Purpose
Deeper Understanding
and Appreciation for this Unique Period of Time
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
Objective
Spark an Idea (or Two) w hich if acted upon
generates new revenues and profits
for your business w hilst improving housing for
older adults
The Greatest Opportunity
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
How boats were invented
Men's
Island
Women's
Island
2
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
The Treasure Chest!
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
National Occupational Competency Testing InstituteJob Ready Asse ssment List – Competency for HVAC
ElectricitySoldering, Brazing and Welding
Air ConditioningForced Air, Gas and Oil Units
Hydronic SystemsRefrigerant Recovery
Heat Pumps and Electric HeatPipe Fitting
Humidity and Air MovementControls
Installation and ServiceGeneral Safety
Related Math and ScienceSheet Metal and Ductwork
Employability SkillsComputer Literacy
The t wo most
sensitive and
judgmental
meas uring
instruments of
assessment
which are not
taught a re:
No Where in
The Treasure
Chests Does it
List HVAC
Competencies!
Human Physiology & Human PsychologyCopyright© Robert Bean, 2004
The plumber or tinsmith is no more
of a health, wellness and
comfort contractor than a framer is a
cabinet maker.
There is a difference!
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
Failure to Communicate!The construction industry thinks a health, wellness and comfort is a
tinsmith or plumber…
Consumers equates plumber to someone who unplugs toilets and
fixes leaks. Does Tin Bashing sound soothing?
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
HVAC Systems can be threatening or
therapeutic towards the aging process…
hvac M UST be repositioned in the minds of consumers a s a health,
wellness and comfort issue.
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
Environmental
Ergonomists
THINK
THINK
THINK
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
Chapter 1
How Did We Get Here?
Aging of America in Rising Fuel Cost
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
Population Density, Technology, Evolution of Civilization
North America
Africa
Europe
Asia
Australia
South America
Russia
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
Beyond the RailsRaddison,
Saskatchewan?
3
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
1903
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
What’s the difference between 1904 and 2004?cornchair, gumbo, heav ychevy, hay seed, buckwheat,
dry lander, moonshine, f oolishf armer, seedstop,
plowhammer, f armerswif e, wheatwom en
Nicknames at the general store in 1904
and email address in 2004 “Electronic Immigra tion”
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
What Year?
“Govt. of Saskatchewan opens
Immigrant Nominee Program
to bring more people to the
province (to farm)”
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
The year!
2003Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
2025
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
Greater Than 40.0 %
35.0 % - 40.0 %
30.0 % - 34.9 %
Less Than 30.0 %
Later Working Years (by Census Division)Ages Between 35 and 64
Aging of America in Rising Fuel Cost
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
…declines in fertility
and mortality and
the older portion of
the population will
increase.Nova S
cotia
Canada
Manitoba
Bri
tish
Colu
mbia
PEI
Aging of America in Rising Fuel Cost
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
In the next decade, as the baby
boomers move through their 50s
and 60s, more Canadians than ever
before will be poised to make the
transition to retirement.
Canada
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
What type of
buildings do they
want to live in and
what are they
willing to pay to
condition them?
Aging of America in Rising Fuel Cost
4
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
The energy index climbed 7.3% between February 2004 and
February 2005, mainly as a res ult of higher gasoli ne prices
(+8.5%). Higher prices fo r fuel oil (+21.1%), electric ity (+3.4%) and natural gas
(+6.2%), as well as for fuel,parts and supplies for
recreational vehicles (+6.7%), also contributed to pus hing up
the energy i ndex.
Canada
Retirement & Energy Costs
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
Ref:
Roa
ring
200
0, H
DentWhat Should This Mean?
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
Can be
changed by
supply and
demand
influences.
Canada
Earnings Vs . Education
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
A quick overview
of the N.A. HVAC
BusinessCopyright© Robert Bean, 2004
• Industry Overview• Business Distribution
USACanada
10%
90%
A quick overview of the N.A. HVAC Business
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
• Industry Overview• $76,000,000,000 HVACR Industry
• Source: Contractor Magazine
26B18B
22B9B Commercial New
Commercial Service
Residential New
Residential Service
A quick overview of the N.A. HVAC Business
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
$34,000,000,000 4 FIFI and FIDO
…only $24,000,000,000 for Res. HVAC stuffCopyright© Robert Bean, 2004
$43,000,000,000 On Anti aging
Products and Treatments
…only $24,000,000,000 for Res. HVAC stuffCopyright© Robert Bean, 2004
• Industry Overview• # of PHC Contractors (U.S.)
• Source: Contractor Magazine
Employees p er firm227916337
1781448,446
1 to 4
5 to 9
10 to 40
over 50
!A quick overview of the N.A. HVAC Business
What Age Are the Owners?!
5
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
• Industry Overview• Project Size Distribution
• Ref.: ASHRAE T.C. 6.1
<460 m2(5000 sf)
>460 m2(5000 sf)
55%45%
A quick overview of the N.A. HVAC Business
“The healthiest major nonresidential construction
category remains health-care construction, which was up
3.7% for the month and 10 % year-to-date…” Contractor Mag.
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
• Industry Overview• System Distribution (Housing)
AirWaterHybrid
94%
5% 1%
A quick overview of the N.A. HVAC Business
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
Putting it All
Together
Aging of America in Rising Fuel Cost
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
The Opportunity of a Lifetime
20% the population retiring into rising energy
cost during a decline of available skilled labor
while looking for the last available gift before
the die…
ComfortIs the HVAC Industry Ready, Willing and Able to Step Up To The Pl ate?
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
Courtesy of HS Dent Corporation
Spending Wave - Baby Boomers
1963 1993 2003 2013 2023 2033 20431973 1983 20531953
Dow Jones
70 M illi on B aby Boomers Begin t o Retir e
1945 - 1961
Labor Shrinkage
CPI 2001 -2005
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
Chapter 2
What Do We Want?
Aging of America in Rising Fuel Cost
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
“Older adult defined
as 45 and older.”
Aging of America in Rising Fuel Cost
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
“Mixed aged and age
restricted occupants
want to age in place.”
Aging of America in Rising Fuel Cost
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
“HVAC is considered an
important feature by older
adults and plays a major
role in the decision making
as is low maintenance”
Aging of America in Rising Fuel Cost
6
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
““The Cahners survey found that energy
efficiency rated as the most important
home feature ranking 4.6 on a scale of 1
to 5. Other features included zoned
heating and cooling (3.97), a fireplace
(3.71), wiring for high speed data
communications(3.62)”
Aging of America in Rising Fuel Cost
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
“Seniors have higher
customer service
expectations than other
age groups.”
Aging of America in Rising Fuel Cost
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
“Anyone born before
1964 wants low
maintenance
housing.”
Aging of America in Rising Fuel Cost
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
“Features
contributing to
comfort and
convenience.”
Aging of America in Rising Fuel Cost
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
It).
Aging of America in Rising Fuel Cost
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
Canada
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
Canada
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
changes in patterns of care
withdrawal of the formal (public) system,
increasing reliance on family care
(private) providers
(Ward-Griffin and Marshall, 2003)
Canada
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
…of the seniors which needed care, 39% of
women and 46% of men received all of their care from informal (private)
sources.
Canada
7
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
“…the proportion of older adults who received care from formal sources alone fell from 31% of women to
25% of women, with no change for men.
Canada
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
A rise in informal care +
informal care facilities =
opportunity for “Environmental Ergonomists”
Canada
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
“it is impossible to examine (informal) care without looking at the living arrangements of
the receiver.”
Canada
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
Canada
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
Informal care creates a domino affect on
informal care givers and the building
environment.
Canada
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
One-half of the family and friends who provided personal care to seniors had to change their social activities (52%) because of their care giving
duties.
Canada
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
More than one-third had to alter their holiday plans (39%).
Roughly one-third also suffered disturbances to their sleep (31%) and
health (29%).
One out of every two caregivers had to
incur extra expenses (55%) related to care giving.
Canada
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
Challenges for Caregivers
=
Our Challenges
Aging of America in Rising Fuel Cost
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
Where do the $$$$ go?
Canada
This is the arena of competition for the HVAC
industryOur revenues are based on
building permits and s tealing
business from the competi tors
including from within our own
industry.
8
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
Buildings for Retirement
Aging of America in Rising Fuel Cost
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
Continuing Care Retirement Communities
Congregate Housing
Assisted Living
Board and Care
Skilled Nursing Facilities
Alzheimer's Facilities
Aging of America in Rising Fuel Cost
Adapted from seniorresource.comCopyright© Robert Bean, 2004
Continuing Care Retirement Communities (CCRCs)
•Active seniors - independent lifestyle
•Private home - regardle ss of future medical needs.
•May require buy-in, o r an up-front annuity purchase followed by monthly payments covering se rvices, amenities and needed medica l.
•Availabil ity of multiple levels of care, without the uncertainty of wondering where you will live.
Aging of America in Rising Fuel Cost
Adapted from seniorresource.com
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
Congregate Housing
•Independent l iving - priva te separate apartments
•Opportunity to share activities of daily living with other residents as one chooses.
•They may offer rental or ownership units.
Aging of America in Rising Fuel Cost
Adapted from seniorresource.comCopyright© Robert Bean, 2004
Assisted Living
•Offers help with non-medical aspects of daily activitie s in an atmosphere of separa te, private l iving units.
•It can be likened to Congregate living for re sidents less able to function independently in all aspects of their daily lives.
Aging of America in Rising Fuel Cost
Adapted from seniorresource.comCopyright© Robert Bean, 2004
Board and Care
•Board and Care is usually offered in what may appear as a converted home.
•It provides a homelike setting with supervision and ca re for 4-10 residents
Aging of America in Rising Fuel Cost
Adapted from seniorresource.com
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
Skilled Nursing Facilities
•Skilled Nursing Facilities may be freestanding, or pa rt of a seniors community offering any or al l of the following:
•Congregate, Assisted Living, Continuum of Care
•It may special ize in Short Term or acute nursing ca re, intermedia te or long te rm skil led nursing ca re.
Aging of America in Rising Fuel Cost
Adapted from seniorresource.comCopyright© Robert Bean, 2004
Alzheimer's Facilities
• Early stage patients - accommodated in a Congregate o r Independent wing of a multi-level campus.
• Many Assisted Liv ing Communit ies will accept and successfully house ea rly stage residents.
• As the disease progresses pa tients may develop argumentative behavior, "sundowning" and wandering habits.
• Generally the communit ies best equipped to deal effectively with this middle stage patient are Alzhe imer' Communities.
Aging of America in Rising Fuel Cost
Adapted from seniorresource.comCopyright© Robert Bean, 2004
Continuing Care Retirement Communities
Congregate Housing
Assisted Living
Board and Care
Skilled Nursing Facilities
Alzheimer's Facilities
Aging of America in Rising Fuel Cost
“Environmental Ergonomists”
9
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
Aging of America in Rising Fuel Cost
For those living on their own with informal care
Defective or cluttered heating
units contribute to 19% of all
deaths and 13% of all injuries
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
Chapter 3
How Do We Define It?
Aging of America in Rising Fuel Cost
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
What environmental
condition influences
our aging process
more than any other
aspect of our lives?
Aging & The Environment…
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
“...the careful
regulation of body
temperature is
critical to comfort
and health.”ASHR AE Fundamentals 2001
Comfort & Health…
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
“...the judgment of comfort
is a cognitive process
involving many inputs
influenced by physical,
physiological,
psychological, and other
processes.”
The Mind & Body Interface…
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
thermal perception
factorsdemographics
(gender, age, economic status)
context (building design, building func tion,
season, clima te, se mantics , so cial
conditioning)
cognition
(attitude, preference, and expec tations)(McIntyre 1982, Baker 1993, Baker and Standeven 1994, Oseland 1994a,b,
Griffiths et al 1988).
Factors…
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
Every thing you
need to know about
your health and
wellness in your
home environment
you experienced
before grade
school...
The Good News…
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
“…characteristically,
people seek to be
comfortable, and
take actions to
secure thermal
comfort; the
motivation to do so
is powerful”
The Motivation…
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
“We do not seem to
recognize that our
real customer is the
occupant, not the
building.”
H.F. Levy, P.E.
Professional Engineer & (Life Member ASHRAE)
The Challenge…
10
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
...the sad truth
according to
Decisions Analysts
Home Comfort
Survey™ is only 50%
of occupants are
actually satisfied...
The Benchmark…
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
“…the percentage of
physical measurements of
indoor climates actually
meeting the
recommendations of
ASHRAE Standard 55 was
remarkably low … ranging
from an average of 6% in
summer to 21% in
winter.”
The Opportunity…
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
“The purpose of this standard is
to specify the combinations of
indoor the rmal environmental
factors and pe rsonal factors
that will produce the rmal
environmental condit ions
acceptable to a majority of the
occupants within the space.”
The Standard…
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
Understanding
human
physiology is
the first step
in gaining
control.
First seek to understand…
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
Our thalamus is
responsible for letting
our brain know what's
happening outside our
body.
Thalamus and hypothalamus
What are our sensors connected to?
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
Where are our external comfort sensors located?
Trunk
38%Head
21%
Upper Legs15%
Arms13%
Lower Legs
8%
Hands
5%
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
The mind
filters and
assigns labels
to what the
body
experiences
Body
Radiant
Evaporation
Conduction
Convection
See TouchTaste
HearSmellMind
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
What to do with 400 btu's?
Rad iation
62%
Evapo ration
15%
Respirat ion
10%
Convectio n
10%
Conduction
3%
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
evapor ation
60 F 70 F 80 F 90 F 100 F
0
500
400
200
100
300
radia tion, convect ion
Body H
eat Lo
ss, B
tu/h
r
Room Temperature, °F
How & when we shed the 400 Btu/hr...
Operat ive Te mper atur e
Total bod y heat generated
Winte r Summ er
11
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
You feel comfortable when...
Predicted Perce
nt Dissatisfie
d
Predic ted Mean Vote
100
4
60
40
30
20
10
6
50
80
2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
Design Range
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
Neutral HotCold
SweatShiver
Blood Flows Outward To Skin
Blood Flows To Internal Organs
Mind
Body
-3 -1 0 1 2 3-2Coo l Sl ight ly
Coo l
Neutra l Sl ight ly
Warm
WarmCold Hot
Acceptab le to 80%Want Wa rmer Want Coo ler
hypothermia hyperthermia
Design RangeCopyright© Robert Bean, 2004
Heath, Wellness and Comfort Designers…
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
Design from the inside out
Floor Temperature Radiant Asymmetry
Humidity
Air Speed (Draft) Thermal Stratification
Temperature Drifts
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
Design for People
Design for Simplicity
Design for Familiarity
The Golden Rules...
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
Metabolic Rates
North America’s
silent (secret)
environmental
challenge
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
“Aging
Most
Frequently
a
Women's
Issue”
Sex Ratio a t Older Ages in the Americas: 199 7 (Men per 100 women)
Aging of America in Rising Fuel Cost
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
Heath, We llness a nd Co mfort - Designed fro m the inside out
Floor Temperat ureRadiant Asymmetry
Humidity
Air Speed (Draft) Thermal Stratification
Temperature Drifts
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
Floor Temperatures
Predicted Perce
nt Dissatisfie
d
60
30
10
40
80
66 °F 84 °F
4
6
41 50 59 68 77 86 95 104
Floor Surface Temperat ure, °F
Design
Range
12
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
Getting in touch with your sole (s)
79 to 83°FConcrete
75 to 82°FHard linoleum
76 to 82°FOak floor
72.5 to 82°FPine floor
70 to 82°FTextiles (rugs)
Recommended Ranges for Typic al Floor Materials
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
Heath, We llness a nd Co mfort - Designed fro m the inside out
Floor Temperature Radiant Asy mmetry
Humidity
Air Speed (Draft) Thermal Stratification
Temperature Drifts
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
Pre
dicte
d P
erce
nt D
issatisfie
d60
20
10
46
40
80
0 9 18 27 36 45 54 63Radiant Temperature Asymmetry, °F
War
m C
eiling
Cool
Ceili
ng
Warm Wall
Radiant Asymmetry or - Meet your other half...
Cool
Wal
l
Design
Range
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
Heath, We llness a nd Co mfort - Designed fro m the inside out
Floor Temperature Radiant Asymmetry
Humidity
Air Speed (Draft) Thermal Stratification
Temperature Drifts
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
Humidity
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
Adapted from “Criteria for Human Exposure to Humid ity in Occupied Build ings” Dr. E lia Sterling, 1985.
Relative H umidity
Ozone Pro duct ion
Chem ical Inter actio ns
Respirato ry Infect ions1
Al lerg ic rh ini tis and Asthma
Mites
Fung i
Vir uses
Bacter ia
Optimum Zone Organ isms
9080706050403020100
1 Insufficient data above 50%
Humidity & The Health, Wellness, & Comfort Target Zone
Relative Humidity
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
Humidity & The Health, Wellness, & Comfort Target Zone
Dew
Point Tempera
ture, °F
70
50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100
65
60
55
50
45
4035
10
908070605040302010
Rela
tive
Hum
idity
, %
Operat ive Te mper atur e, °F (is the Mean Rad ia nt Tem perat ure p lus Dry Bu lb Te mper atur e / 2 )
Summer Design Range
20% RH
60% R
HWinter Design
Range
Winte r Summ er
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
Heath, We llness a nd Co mfort - Designed fro m the inside out
Floor Temperature Radiant Asymmetry
Humidity
Air Speed (Draft)Thermal Stratification
Temperature Drifts
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
Air Temperature, °F
Turb
ulence
Intensity
68 70 72 74 76 78 80
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
10%
20%40%60%
Allowable air speed as a func tion of air temperature and turbulence
Drafts
Mea
n A
ir S
peed
, fp
m
13
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
Air Speed
Temperature Rise, °F0 2 4 6 8
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
Mea
n A
ir S
peed
, fp
m
-18°F -9°F 0°F
9°F
18°F
Air sp eed re qu ired t o offset
increase d tempe ratu re.
Limits for light sedentary activities
Mean Rad ian t Temp erat ure less Air t emper atur e
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
Heath, We llness a nd Co mfort - Designed fro m the inside out
Floor Temperature Radiant Asymmetry
Humidity
Air Speed (Draft) Thermal Stratification
Temperature Drifts
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
Thermal Stratification
Cooler Warmer
Typical Profile fo r Forced Air Heating
Typical Profile fo r Radiant Floor Heating
Based on standard residential construction materials and methods
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
Air Temperature Differences
Air Temperature Difference Between Head and Feet, °F0 4 11 14 187
60
20
10
2
6
40
80 Pre
dicte
d P
erce
nt D
issatisfie
d
8
Design
Range
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
Heath, We llness a nd Co mfort - Designed fro m the inside out
Floor Temperature Radiant Asymmetry
Humidity
Air Speed (Draft) Thermal Stratification Temperature Dr ifts
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
Temperature Drifts & Ramps
Time Period 0.25 h 0.5 h 1 h 2 h 4 h
Maximum Operati ve
Temperature Change Allowed
2.0°F 3.0°F 4.0°F 5.0°F 6.0°F
Limits on T emperature Drifts and R amps
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
Chapter 4
How Do We Specify It?
Aging of America in Rising Fuel Cost
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
Heath, We llness a nd Co mfort - Designed fro m the inside out
Ventilat ion
United Sta tes
Canada
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
Three Standards
CSA F326
ASHRAE 62.1 /.2
CSA Z317.2
Aging of America in Rising Fuel Cost
14
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
“The objective of this
Standard is to address the
special requirements of HVAC
systems pertinent to the
design, construction,
operation, and maintenance
of health care facil ities..”
Aging of America in Rising Fuel Cost
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
“This standard defines the
roles of and minimum
requirements for mechanical
and natural ventilation
systems and the building
envelope intended to prov ide
acceptable indoor air quality
in low-rise residentia l
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.2-2003
Aging of America in Rising Fuel Cost
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
“The purpose of this standard
is to specify minimum
ventilation rates and indoor
air quality that will be
acceptable to human
occupants and are intended
to minimize the potentia l for
adverse health effects..”
Aging of America in Rising Fuel Cost
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
“The active process of
supplying or removing air
to or from an indoor space
by powered equipment
such as motor-driven fans
and blowers but not by
devices such as wind-
driven turbine ventilators
and mechanically operated
windows .”
Aging of America in Rising Fuel Cost
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
“Ventilation occurring as a
result of only natural
forces such as wind
pressure or differences in
air density, through
intentional openings such
as open windows and
doors .”
Aging of America in Rising Fuel Cost
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004©Bui lding Science Corporation. Reprinted wi th Perm is sion
Temperature Zones
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
©Bui lding Science Corporation. Reprinted wi th Perm is sion
Extreme
High
Moderate
Low
Humidity Zones
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
Class A
Overnight pati ents are provi ded with continuing medical car e and
supporti ng di agnostic and tr eatment ser vices .
Class B
Residents with physical or cogniti ve disabilities are in need for dail y care.
Class C
Pati ents are provi ded with supporti ve, di agnos tic, and tr eatment ser vices
without overnight stay.
Building Type ClassificationAging of America in Rising Fuel Cost
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
Class 1
Air with low con taminant concentra tion, low sensory-irritation intensity, and inoffensive odor.
Class 2
Air with moderate con taminant concen tration, mild sensory-irritation intensity, or mildly offensive odors. Class 2 also includes air that is not
necessarily harmful or objectionable but tha t is inappropriate for transfer or recirculation to space s used for different p urposes.
Class 3
Air with significant contaminan t concentra tion, significan t sensory-irritation intensity, or o ffensive odor.
Class 4
Air with highly objec tionable fumes or gases or wi th po tentially dangerous particles, bioaerosols, or gases , at concen trations high enough to be
considered harmful.
Ventilation Type ClassificationAging of America in Rising Fuel Cost
15
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
Class 1
Air with low co ntam ina nt concen trat ion, low sensory- irr itat ion inte nsity, a nd inoffens ive od or.
Class 2
Air with mode rate cont aminant co ncentr atio n, mi ld sensory- irr itat ion inte nsity, o r mi ldly offensiv e
odors. Class 2 als o inc ludes a ir th at is not necessarily harmful o r object iona ble but th at is
inap pro priate for tr ansfer or recirc ulat ion t o spaces used for d ifferen t pur poses.
Class 3
Air wit h sign ifica nt conta minant conce ntrat ion, signif icant sens ory- irr itat ion inte nsity, o r offensive
odor.
Class 4
Air wit h high ly object iona ble f umes or gases o r wit h potent ial ly d ange rous p artic les, bio aeroso ls, or
gases, at concentr atio ns high e noug h to b e consider ed ha rmfu l.
Aging of America in Rising Fuel Cost
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
“…”
Aging of America in Rising Fuel Cost
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
“…”
Aging of America in Rising Fuel Cost
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
CSA Z317.2
“Indoor air quality, an important health consideration, is
especially critical to sick, infirm, and injured persons
resident in health care facilities. Such patients may be
allergic and/or immuno-suppressed, and therefore
particularly susceptible to airborne infections and allergic
reactions. Inadequate indoor air quality may complicate
their care and recovery.”
Aging of America in Rising Fuel Cost
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
CSA Z 317.2, Section 5.1 HVAC sys tems shall be designed to contribute to a healthy environment by suitable control of the followi ng fac tors:
(a) temper atur e;
(b) relati ve humi dity;
(c) ventil ation r ate;
(d) ventilati on effecti veness;
(e) air movement;
(f) mean radiant temper atur e;
Systems CriteriaAging of America in Rising Fuel Cost
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
Heating Cooling
> 75°F and < 84°F > 65°F and <75°F
68°F to 74°F at 64°F
wet bu lb & 69°F t o 76°F
at
36°F dew point.
73°F to 79°F at 68°F
wet bu lb & 74°F t o 81°F
at
36°F dew point.
< 25 fpm < 40 fpm
Vert ical9°F - St d 55
(9°F @ 5% PPD )
9°F - St d 55
(25°F @ 5% P PD)
Horizon tal18°F - Std 55
(41°F @ 5% P PD)
18°F - Std 55
( 18°F @ 5% P PD)
< 5 °F
Mode
Floor Surf ace Temp erat ures
Air Tempe ratu re Diffe rence
Condit ion
Effective Te mpera ture = Humid ity a nd Op erat ive Tem pera ture, O T
Air Ve locity a t 40% tu rbu lence a nd for low
activity leve ls.
Rad iant
Asymmet ry °F
Heath, We llness a nd Co mfort - Idea l E nviro nmental
Cond itio ns Systems Criteria
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
Heat recovery and reclaim, economizers, thermal
storage, and reduced pumping requirements.
Control strategies and sequences of operation
should maximize energy conservation
Energy ConservationAging of America in Rising Fuel Cost
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
“Design for Failure”
Heating
Failure of the primary fuel and power cannot shut dow n the facility.
Standby system (equipment, fuel and power) capable of providing a minimum of tw o-thirds performance of
the design load
General DesignAging of America in Rising Fuel Cost
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
“Design for Failure”
Cooling
Failure of the primary fuel and power cannot shut dow n the facility.
Standby system (equipment, fuel and power) capable of providing a minimum of 50% performance of the
design load 100% for Class I Facilities
General DesignAging of America in Rising Fuel Cost
16
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
General Design
“Design for Failure”
Humidif ication
Steam humidif ication shall be injected into the supply air
Spray, evaporative media, or pan-type humidif iers shall not be permitted.
Aging of America in Rising Fuel Cost
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
Incorporate outside air free cooling to operate without refrige ration when
outside air conditions allow.
100% outside air systems, heat reco very de vices, reduced airflow during
unoccupied periods, or a combination of both, shall be provided.
Finned heating/cooling elements shall not be located within Class I rooms are
not recommended fo r Class II areas.
Local recirculating units shall not be used in Class I and Class II areas.
SystemsAging of America in Rising Fuel Cost
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
Systems shall be monitored on a regular basis.
Ensures the systems are working and delivering the
required parameters of temperature, relative humidity,
air, etc,
MonitoringAging of America in Rising Fuel Cost
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
Heath, We llness a nd Co mfort - Designed fro m the inside out
ASHRAE Standard 55
Specificat ions
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
1 .The design criteria
2 .The sys tem capac ities
3 .The sys tem limitations
4 .The sys tem authority
5 .Items which may affect indoor comfort.
6 .Areas which lie outside the comfort control areas .
The Standard 55 Spec for Human Occupancy
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
7 . Locations of all controls .
8 . A control schematic with all devices identified.
9 . The IOM and performance manual for all systems.
10. Definition of control limitations and settings .
11. Estimated electrical and thermal load in kW or Btu’s .
The Standard 55 Spec for Human Occupancy
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
Chapter 5
How Do We Build It?
Aging of America in Rising Fuel Cost
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
Aging of America in Rising Fuel Cost
1. Inconsistent t emperature (betw een rooms, levels, or different
times of day)
2. D ust, pet hair and al lergens
3. High util ity bills
4. Dry air
5. Window condensat ion
6. Odors in t he house
7. Outdat ed kitchen
8. House not secure from break-ins
9. St uffy rooms / Inefficient floor plan (tie)
10. Damp basementCopyright© Robert Bean, 2004
Radiant w/ DOASAging of America in Rising Fuel Cost
17
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
Aging of America in Rising Fuel Cost
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
18
1 Outdoor Temperature Sensor
2 Safety Relief Valve
3 Boiler Controls
4 Safety Switch
5 Boiler Circulator
6 Standby Diverter Valve
7 Air Separator
8 Expansion Tank
9 Pressure Fill Assembly
11 Supply Temperature Sensor
12 Temperature Gauge
13 Radiant Floor Circulator
14 Supply Temperature Sensor
15 Mixing Valve & Motor
16 Standby Diverter Valve
17 Room Thermostat
18 Radiant Manifold & Pipes
19 Master Control
10 System Circulator
19
9
17
16
15
14
13
1211
10
8
76
5
3
4
2
1
180M TWT F SS
180M TWT F SS
Where Heat Is Developed Where Heat Is DeliveredWhere Heat Is Distributed
Boiler
Floor Heating
Summary of Who’s Who
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
16
1918
12 11 10 8 7
6
5432
Summary of Who’s Who1 Steam Humidifier
2 Return Air Intake
3 Heat Recovery - Exhaust Side
4 Exhaust Fan
5 Motorized Exhaust Damper
6 Master Controller
7 Fresh Air Intake
8 Motorized Fresh Air Damper
9 Motorized Return Air Damper
11 Heat Recovery - Fresh Air Side
12 Supply Air Fan
13 Cooling Coil
14 Heating Coil
15 Discharge Air Temperature Sensor
16 Steam Spray Nozzles
17 Humidity Sensor
18 Heating Fluid Flow Controls
19 Cooling Fluid Flow Control
10 Air Filters
9
1517 14 13
Where Air is Conditioned
Where Stale Air is Exhausted, Fresh Air Introduced and Filtered and Mixed with Return Air
1
180M TWT F SS
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
1 8 0M TWTF SS
An Example of a Health, Wellness, & Comfort System
5 0M TWTF SS
Boiler Chiller
A ir Quality Control
A ir Filtration
Humidity
Freshness
Comfort Quality Control
Warm & Cool Floors
Consistent Floor to Ceiling Temp erature
Raise d or Lowered
Mean R adi ant Temperature
1 8 0M TWTF SS1 8 0
M TWTF SS
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
Indoor Comfort Qua lity + Indoor Air Qua lity
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
What do you own…
have access to… and India, China, Tailand, Bulgaria don’t hav e…
(y et)?
Turning the intangible into the tangibles
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
1825 - began career as a journeyman blacksmith and soon gained considerable fame for his careful workmanship and ingenuity
1830 - dispose of his business and join the pioneers
1840 - manufacturing plows before he had orders
1843 - imported special rolled steel from England
1868 -business incorporated
1869 – Charles Deere takes over
1873 - establishes marketing centers called branch houses, to serve the network of independent retail dealers
1928 - Charles Deere Wiman takes over - emphasis on engineering and product development
1937 - $100 million in gross sales
1982 - Robert A. Hanson -dynamic, flexible organization, better able to react to growing worldwide competition.
1990 - Hans W. Becherer, developed the company's international operations
2000 -Robert W. Lane – Communication, Credit Financing
2004 - Dr. Vance Coffman, chairman and chief executive officer, Lockheed Martin, to join Deere & Company Board of Directors (Technology)
"I will never put my name on a product that does not have in it
the best that is in me."
Copyright Deere & Co.Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
environmental ergonomics
building comfort quality into your indoor environment.
Are you interested in seeing this live!
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
environmental ergonomics
building comfort quality into your indoor environment.
www.healthyheating.com
18
Copyright© Robert Bean, 2004
Thank You for Attending!
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