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The Great Yellow River The Great Yellow River 12 Year Environmental Flow Management Program and Impact Assessment Jiang Xiaohui 1998-2009 Yellow River Conservancy Commission, China

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The Great Yellow RiverThe Great Yellow River 12 Year Environmental Flow Management Program

and Impact Assessment

Jiang Xiaohui

p1998-2009

gYellow River Conservancy Commission, China

OutlineOutline

1 Introduction1. Introduction2. Challenges 3. Adaptive measures : 4 Achievements4. Achievements5. Summary

1. Introduction

The Yellow River is the second longest river in China, about 5,400The Yellow River is the second longest river in China, about 5,400 kilometres in length. The Yellow River originates in the mountains of the west. The Yellow River catchment is about 790,000 km2.

400300

200The mean annual i f ll i brainfall is about

451mm, decrease from 800 mm to 150

200

from 800 mm to 150 mm from east to west. 500

300600

600

400

600500

400800800

600

Yellow River Conservancy yCommission (YRCC) and its function

2. challengesg

• 2.1 water scarcity

• 2.2 soil erosion2.2 soil erosion

• 2.3 deteriorated water quality

• 2.4 river ecosystem degrade

2. challenges:2.1 Water scarcity

12000

104

6000

8000

10000

12000

1953 300

108m3

0

2000

4000

60002000

150

200

250

300

195019900

黄河流域

12000

Population0

50

100

黄河流域

1990

6000

8000

10000

12000

1950

黄河流域

Water consume

0

2000

4000

黄河流域及相关地区

1990

黄河流域及相关地区

Irrigation area

WaterWater overuse

2 2 Soil erosion2.2 Soil erosion

The Loess Plateau in the upper and middle of Yellow River covers an area of about 640,000 km²

Loess plateaup

2 2 Soil erosion – cont2.2 Soil erosion – cont.

Sediment in the Yellow River is average 1.6 billion t/year load, and 35 kg/m3 concentrationand 35 kg/m3 concentration

2.2 Soil erosion – cont.An average of 400 million m3 of sediment is deposited in the lower reach of the Yellow river per year. In the lower reach the river bed is higher than the surrounding ground by 10 metreshigher than the surrounding ground by 10 metres

LeveeRiver channel

Levee

13m

Ti ji Flood area inBeijingTianjin Flood area in

history

Jinan

Zhengzhou

Nanjing

2.3 Deteriorated water qualityq y

A large volume of sewage effluent was discharged into g g griver without treatment. In 1998, only 26 percent of total reach, water quality was in good condition

2.4 river ecosystem degrade W tl d d-Wetland area decreaseCompared with 1986, in 1998:• the total area of source region wetlands decreased by 20%• the total area of source region wetlands decreased by 20%• swamp wetlands decreased the most, by 37%• the area of lake decreased by 14%the area of lake decreased by 14%

3000035000

1986年

150002000025000

rea

(m2 ) 1998年

05000

10000

地 地 地 地 地

Ar

滨海

湿地

河流

湿地

湖泊

湿地

沼泽

湿地人

工库塘

湿地

总面

Coastal River Lake Swamp Pond Total人Coastal River Lake Swamp Pond Total

2.4 river health ecosystem degrade fi h i d- fish species decrease

• the total number of fish and the species declined psharply, 

• the number of state‐level protection species, p p ,endangered species and indigenous fish reduced

Category In the 1950s & 60s In the 1980s In 1998Fish types 152 125 47National

protected fish4 1 0

Endangered fish 8 6 3I di fi h 24 15Indigenous fish - 24 15

3. Adaptive management p gmeasures

• 3.1  Unified water allocation and Environmental FlowEnvironmental Flow

• 3.2  Artificial Floods

• 3.3  Ecological restoration

3.1 Water Allocation and Environmental Flow

YRCC was authorized by the State Council to implementYRCC was authorized by the State Council to implement unified water regulation in the Yellow River in 1999

• Environmental flow for no drying up

The warning flow at some gauging station in the lowerYellow River Unit:m3/s

Gauging station

Huayuan‐kou

Gaocun Sunkou Luokou Lijin

Warning flow 150 120 100 80 30

• Water regulation according to water right allocation ate egu at o acco d g to ate g t a ocat o

7080

)

506070

t(10

8 m3 )

304050

er r

ight

01020

Wate

0

Qinh

aiSi

chua

n

Gans

u

Ninx

i aNe

i men

ggu

Shan

nxi

Shan

xi

Hena

nSh

ando

ng

Hebe

iTi

anj i

n

Water right was distribute to province along the Yellow River in 1987, which account for 63% of total water, and the rest of them left for

the river

Established the Yellow River water regulation center, developed water regulation model and implemented thedeveloped water regulation model, and implemented the remote real-time monitoring and controlling of 78 gates in the Yellow River.

3 2 Artificial Floods 2002‐20103.2 Artificial Floods 2002‐2010

Objectives:Objectives:

• Flush river sediments• Recover flood plain and wetlands• Improve river morphology and reduce flood risk

Xiaolangdi Dam

Sanmenxia Dam

Guxian Dam

Luhun Dam

3.3 Ecological restorationg

•Ecosystem protection in the y pheadstream•Water and Soil Conservation in th iddl L Pl tthe middle Loess Plateau•Wetlands restoration in Delta areasareas

4 Achievements4. Achievements

• 4.1 No dry up in the lower Yellow River• 4.2 Water quality improvedq y p• 4.3 River channel capacity became bigger• 4 4 Delta wetland restoration• 4.4 Delta wetland restoration • 4.5 Social Impact and Sustainability

4. Achievements4.1 No dry up in the lower Yellow River

• In 1997, zero flow at Lijin Station was 226 days

• In 1999, integrated water regulation for the mainstream 

began.The Yellow River has not dried up for the 11 years

4.2 Water quality improved4.2 Water quality improved

Water quality trends of mainstream of the Yellow RiverWater quality trends of mainstream of the Yellow River from 2002 to2006 were better

Percent of time in Grade III

4.3 River channel capacity became bigger4.3 River channel capacity became bigger 

20

25

(m)

200220062010

10

15

evat

ion

2010

0

5

El

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700Di st ance ( m)

Changes of river channel capacity in recent years near LijinChanges of river channel capacity in recent years near Lijin

4.4 Delta wetland restoration 

New habitats for birds have increased, resulting in an increase in species from 189 in 2002 to 281 in 2009increase in species from 189 in 2002 to 281 in 2009

Wet land in the estuary

4.5 Social Impact and Sustainability4.5 Social Impact and Sustainability

Social Impact

Public and Government environmental

Social Impact

consciousness improvedLeave water for river is common recognizegKeeping Healthy Life of the Yellow Rivers is the objective of river management for YRCCobjective of river management for YRCC

Sustainability Assessment 

Through 12 years of environmental flow management:

• YRCC and relevant bureaus have built powerful, efficient water resources management mechanism,efficient water resources management mechanism, forms a practical water resources management and regulation mode;regulation mode; 

• Establishes water right orders and trains a lot of professional staff which is a fundamental guarantee forprofessional staff, which is a fundamental guarantee for its sustainable development.

Summaryy

With the guide of MWR YRCC have done many jobsWith the guide of MWR, YRCC have done many jobs for environmental flow to  improve the river health, significant achievement has been progressedsignificant achievement has been progressed. 

In 2010, YRCC was awarded Li GuangYao water Prizein Singapore based on its outstanding river management.

Thank you for your attention!