the great war centenary
DESCRIPTION
This book contains an introduction to the history of the First World War and a list of all museums, cemeteries, monuments, sites and events in Flanders Fields.TRANSCRIPT
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VISITORS CENTRE FOR YPRES AND THE WESTHOEKGrote Markt 34 - 8900 IeperT. +32 (0)57 23 92 20 [email protected] - www.visit-ypres.com
ALVERINGEMSint-Rijkersstraat 19 - 8690 AlveringemT. +32 (0)58 28 88 81 - F. +32 (0)58 28 88 [email protected] www.alveringem.be
DIKSMUIDEGrote Markt 6 - 8600 DiksmuideT. +32 (0)51 79 30 50 - F. +32 (0)51 50 47 [email protected] toerisme.diksmuide.be
HEUVELLANDPolenlaan 1 - 8950 KemmelT. +32 (0)57 45 04 [email protected]
HOOGLEDEMarktplaats 1 - 8830 HoogledeT. +32 (0)51 20 30 [email protected]
HOUTHULSTMarkt 17 - 8650 HouthulstT. +32 (0)51 46 08 94 - F. +32 (0)51 46 07 [email protected]
KOEKELARESint-Maartensplein 15B - 8680 KoekelareT. +32 (0)51 61 04 94 - F. +32 (0)51 58 32 [email protected]
KORTEMARKTorhoutstraat 9 - 8610 KortemarkT. +32 (0)51 56 61 08M. + 32 (0) 476 21 44 [email protected]
LANGEMARK-POELKAPELLEKasteelstraat 1 - 8920 LangemarkT. +32 (0)57 49 09 41 - F. +32 (0)57 48 55 89 [email protected]
WESTHOEK INFOKoning Albert I-laan 120 - 8200 BruggeT. +32(0)50 30 55 [email protected]
LO-RENINGEMarkt 17a - Lauka - 8647 Lo-ReningeT. +32 (0)58 28 91 [email protected]
MESENMarkt 22 - 8957 MesenT. +32 (0)57 22 17 14 - F. +32 (0)57 48 65 63 [email protected]
POPERINGEGrote Markt 1 - 8970 PoperingeT. +32 (0)57 34 66 76-77 F. +32 (0)57 33 57 [email protected] www.toerismepoperinge.be
STADENMarktplaats 2 - 8840 StadenT. +32 (0)51 70 82 00 - F. +32 (0)51 70 42 86 [email protected]
VEURNEGrote Markt 29 - 8630 VeurneT. +32 (0)58 33 55 31 [email protected]
VLETERENVeurnestraat 4 - 8640 VleterenT. +32 (0)57 40 09 01 - F. +32 (0)57 40 13 [email protected]
WERVIKKoestraat 63 - 8940 Wervik T. +32 (0)56 95 24 25 - F. +32 (0)56 95 24 [email protected] www.wervik.be/toerisme
ZONNEBEKEBerten Pilstraat 5A - 8980 ZonnebekeT. +32 (0)51 77 04 41 - F. +32 (0)51 78 07 [email protected]
NIEUWPOORTMarktplein 7 - 8620 NieuwpoortT. 058 22 44 44 - F. 058 22 44 [email protected]
www.greatwarcentenary.be
OTHER INTERESTING WW I WEBSITES:
www.greatwar.be I about the war in Flanders Fields
www.infl andersfi elds.be I about the museum in Ypres
www.talbothouse.be I about Talbot House in Poperinge
www.lijssenthoek.be I about the hospital cemetery Lijssenthoek in Poperinge
www.aandeijzer.be I about the IJzer Tower in Diksmuide
www.passchendaele.be I about the museum in Zonnebeke
www.cwgc.org I about British military cemeteries
www.volksbund.de I about German military cemeteries
www.awm.gov.au I about Australia in the war
www.collectionscanada.ca I about Canada in the war
www.abmc.gov I about America in the war
www.memoiredeshommes.sga.defense.gouv.fr I about French soldiers in the war
www.greatwar1418.eu I about the Interreg project Great War
F L A N D E R S F I E L D S
The Flanders Fields Country &THE GREAT WARTHE GREAT WARTHE GREAT WAR
www.g rea twa rcen tena r y .be
THE GREAT WAR CENTENARY
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THE FLANDERS FIELDS COUNTRY - INTRODUCTION 1DISCOVER THE FLANDERS FIELDS COUNTRY 4MAP OF MUNICIPALITIES IN THE WESTHOEK 8THE MUNICIPALITIES 10THE WEST COAST 26BEERS AND BREWERIES 29TOURIST ROUTES 36EVENTS 40WAR AND PEACE IN THE WESTHOEK - INTRODUCTION 42THE BEGINNING 44FOUR YEARS OF WAR 49NEW IN 2015 58THE FRONT 61BEHIND THE FRONT: UNOCCUPIED BELGIUM 92BEHIND THE FRONT: THE OCCUPIED TERRITORY 101BELGIAN MILITARY CEMETERIES 108COMMONWEALTH MILITARY CEMETERIES 112FRENCH MILITARY CEMETERIES 119GERMAN MILITARY CEMETERIES 120MEMORIES 122TOURIST ROUTES 124EVENTS 132
CONTENT
COLOPHON
Responsable editor: Stefaan Gheysen Westtoer Brugge
Chief editors: Johan Martin, Valrie Heyman, Stephen Lodewyck, Evelien Decoster WesttoerText editors: Johan Martin, Frederik Demeyere (p. 42-43), Piet Chielens (p. 71-79)Translation: Ian Connerty IeperPhotoghraphy: Westtoer, tourist offi ces Westhoek, Danil de Kievith, B.ad, David Samyn, Bart Heirweg, Tom Pieters (p.32), Tijl Capoen (p.74), Johan Vandewalle (p.57) en Toon Grobet (p.86)
Special thanks to Mr. Leo Van Bergen and Mr. Menno Wielinga. We also thank the In Flanders Fields Museum Ypres and the Memorial Museum Passchendaele 1917 Zonnebeke for the pictures.
Lay-out: Antilope Communications nv
WD/3029/2014/79
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F landers F ie lds
F L A N D E R S F I E L D S
TOERISTISCHE KAART / CARTE TOURISTIQUETOURIST MAP / TOURISTISCHE KARTE
100 JAAR GROOTE OORLOGLE CENTENAIRE DE LA GRANDE GUERRE
THE GREAT WAR CENTENARY100 JAHRE ERSTER WELTKRIEG
www. f l ande r s f i e ld s .be
Ask for your free copy of the Tourist Map
map: IPS creation, Poperinge
The Westhoek
Frontline (1915-1917)
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THE FLANDERS FIELDS COUNTRY AND THE GREAT WARFirst and foremost, you are coming to our region to remember, to honour the memory of those who died. For this reason, this brochure devotes considerable attention to the First World War. But the Flanders Fields Country - also known locally as the Westhoek - has more to offer than that. It is a warm and welcoming region, full of beautiful scenery and friendly people. And as you will discover, the Westhoek is a great place for visitors and holiday-makers of all kinds.The last veteran of the Great War, Harry Patch (+2009), once said during a visit to the old front: Always remember both sides of the line. He was referring to the war, of course, but you can apply his comment to our region as a whole!
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MORE THAN JUST WAR
A green and pleasant landThe Westhoek district of the Flanders Fields Country is more than just an old battlefi eld. Nowadays, it offers a pleasing landscape, stretching from the fl at polders of the coastal plain to the green hills along the French border. Nature is all around, making the region an ideal place to walk or cycle. Signposted routes and networks make it easy to fi nd your way around. Authentic villages and delightful towns will charm anyone with a sense of history or a love of peace and quiet.Hundreds of cafs, restaurants and summer terraces will pleasantly surprise visitors. And the region is famous for its delicious, locally brewed beers! Gastronomy in the Westhoek can range from a tasty local speciality, right through to star-quality cooking in a top restaurant. Wherever you go you will be pampered and spoilt, by a people famous for their warm hospitality. And there is no problem about where to stay: the region has a wide range of hotels, bed and breakfasts, holiday homes and camping sites.
English spokenAs you probably know almost every-one here speaks your language. True, some speak it better than others, but everybody is prepared to give it a try!In Flanders the native tongue is Flemish - also referred to as Dutch. There are some minor differences be-tween Flemish and Dutch, a bit like the difference between the English spoken in Britain and the English spoken in America. And you will be amazed how many other common ties our region has with your country. Hopefully, you will discover them all during your stay
2
THE FLANDERS FIELDS COUNTRY
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in the Flanders Fields Country. You are certainly more than welcome.This brochure will therefore offer you a fi rst brief introduction to the many different aspects of the Flanders Fields Country.
The Great WarSadly, it is undeniable that the region was badly scarred by the First World War. The reminders are everywhere to be seen. Hundreds of thousands of soldiers were killed and many more wounded. The local people were forced to fl ee to the safety of neighbouring France or the United Kingdom. Many returned after the war, but the population never again reached pre-1914 levels. Even so, the ruined towns and villages were all rebuilt, and Ypres (now known as Ieper) rose like a phoenix from its ashes: an almost perfect copy of the medieval city which had been destroyed during the fi ghting. Some people think that the new city is a lie: visitors who know nothing of the war can scarcely believe that this elegant old city is less than 100 years old! Fake or not, it took almost half a century - not to mention untold quantities of blood, sweat and tears - to restore Ypres to its former glory.
However, there is no denying the reality of the hundreds of military cem-eteries, monuments and war relics which dot the countryside around the city: terrible reminders which will guarantee that the memory of this tragic moment in human history can never be erased. This memory must be kept alive and cherished, not only to ensure that it never hap-pens again, but also in honour of the sacrifi ce of so many young lives, lost in what some people now call a senseless war.
The 100 year commemoration period has led to a wave of activity in the Westhoek during recent years. Several museums and First World War sites underwent major renovation works to ensure that you can enjoy the very best facilities and an optimal visitor experience.
The second part of the brochure is devoted to this subject. (See page 42)
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DISCOVER THE FLANDERS FIELDS COUNTRYThere are many different ways to explore the Westhoek. You can make a day of it with the kids, go messing about with your friends or turn it into a romantic interlude with your signifi cant other. Whichever way you choose, we can offer you a series of tourist tips for along the way, guaranteed to satisfy bon-vivants, nature-lovers, sports fans and culture-vultures alike. Here are eight different ways to get the very best out of the Westhoek!
By scooterVarious accommodation outlets (guest rooms and hotels) have Vespas for hire, so that you can discover our region in style! These Italian scooters are currently very trendy - for people of all ages! For details of the accommodation outlets where scooters are available, please consult: www.greatwarcentenary.beIn addition, you can also hire a scooter
(one-seater or two-seater) in the town of Veurne or Diksmuide. The crash-helmets allow two-way communication between the different riders. You can follow a pre-programmed route with the GPS provided or you can just go off wandering on your own. There are several themed First World War routes that will allow you to explore the wartime past of the region. Or you can explore the battlefi elds from Houthulst with a motorbike.
I More info:www.scootertoerisme.be -T.+32 (0)58 31 14 46www.scooterzone.be - T.+32 (0)51 50 57 29www.enfi eldtobattlefi eld.be - T. +32 (0)495 28 86 69
By pedal-powerYou can either bring your own bike or hire a quality two-wheeler from one of the many rental outlets in the region. For those who like the challenge of teamwork, tandems are also available! So too are bike trailers for your smallest kids. You can explore the cycling network to a route of your own choosing or else you can follow one of the many pre-pro-grammed cycling circuits.
4
THE FLANDERS FIELDS COUNTRY
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I For more bike tips, maps and details of the rental outlets: www.greatwarcentenary.be
By covered wagonA ride in a traditional covered wagon is always a memorable experience. It is the perfect way to enjoy the pleasures of the countryside, with its winding roads and tinkling streams. And there are plenty of stops along the way, perhaps for a refresh-ing drink or a bite to eat, or else to visit a museum or play a traditional folk-game. You cant beat it!
I More info: www.volkssportroute.be -T. +32 (0)57 34 66 76
By boatDo you fancy steering a sun-boat, or maybe just going along for the ride? De Boot (The Boat) offers you a wide range of options, for hours of fun both on the water and along the riverbank.
I More info: www.deboot.be - T. +32 (0)475 21 43 20
A river cruise on the IJzerstar will allow you to discover the charming countryside between Diksmuide and Nieuwpoort in an original and relaxing manner.
I More info: www.seastar.be -T. +32 (0)58 23 24 25
For nature-lovers, the highlight of their stay is often an early morning spin on the calm waters of the Blankaert nature reserve in one of the electrical-ly-driven whisper boats of Natuurpunt (a local nature group). Listen to the dawn-chorus and just enjoy all that pure nature!
I More info: www.otter.be T. +32 (0)51 54 59 48
The Westhoek Marina in Nieuwpoort offers boating enthusiasts an excellent base for exploring the inland waterways of the Westhoek. The marina is also a great place for pleasure sailors to hire a pleasure boat at the start of their boating holiday.
I More info:www.westhoekmarina.be T. +32 (0)474 46 27 98
At Diksmuide, the Portus Dixmuda yachting harbour welcomes river bound tourists in the middle of the former frontline nearby the Yser Tower Museum.
I More info: www.deijzervaarders.be T. +32 (0)495 79 54 45
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By minibusIn the Westhoek, every village, every hamlet and every fi eld has its own story to tell. Sadly, you will not always be aware of these fascinating stories, so that you might pass by these places without recognizing their histor-ic value. This is why a tour with a guide is so much more interesting. A guide can immerse you in the local colour of the Westhoek, tell-ing you lots of juicy tales that you might not otherwise hear. Whats more, in his minibus he will often take you to the places where other tourists seldom go - or sometimes are not even allowed!
I For more info: www.greatwarcentenary.be
Best foot forward!The Westhoek can offer a number of excel-lent walking routes through pleasing but var-ied countryside: across fi elds, up hill, down dale, along the water If you prefer to follow your own route, the walking network - with its system of interconnected junction points - is just the thing for you. And remember to take a look at the various walking packages on www.greatwarcentenary.be.
By helicopterEverything looks different from the air - and the Westhoek is no exception! Take a trip in a helicopter and enjoy a birds-eye view of the region. Helipromotions offers fl ights over the Flemish hills or along the battlefi elds and monuments of the First World War.
I More info: www.helipromotions.be and www.battlefi elds.beT. +32 (0)51 50 56 56
By pedal-carIf your exploration of the Westhoek fi nally brings you to the seaside, why not take a spin along the promenade in a pedal-car? Most of the resorts on the West Coast have a wide variety of different types for hire. And if you prefer to stay in the Westhoek proper, you can always try your luck in Diksmuide. Buitenbeentje hires pedal-cars which you can use to make various interesting visits (a horse milk dairy, the Oerbier brewery, etc.).
I More info: www.buitenbeentje.be - T. +32 (0)495 57 62 47
6
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The Westhoek
The West Coast
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Plate Control Strip Heidelberger Druckm
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THE WESTHOEKALVERINGEM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 I 92 I 108 I 122
DIKSMUIDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 I 61 I 109 I 121 I 123
HEUVELLAND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 I 65 I 119
HOOGLEDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 I 101 I 121
HOUTHULST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 I 68 I 110
IEPER (YPRES) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 I 71 I 115 I 119
KOEKELARE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 I 101
KORTEMARK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
LANGEMARK-POELKAPELLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 I 80 I 120
LO-RENINGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 I 93
MESEN (MESSINES) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 I 82
POPERINGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 I 94 I 114
STADEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 I 104
VEURNE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 I 97 I 111 I 119
VLETEREN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 I 100 I 111 I 116
WERVIK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 I 105
ZONNEBEKE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 I 88 I 112
THE COASTDE PANNE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 I 93 I 109
MIDDELKERKE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 I 103
NIEUWPOORT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 I 85 I 111
OOSTENDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
FLANDERS LYS VALLEY MENEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 I 121
WAREGEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
PLUGSTREET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Every care has been taken to ensure the utmost accuracy of all the information published in this guide at the time of going to press. The publisher hereby expressly declines all liability for any errors that may be included in this information, such as addresses, phone numbers, opening hours, and any consequences issuing therefrom.
2015 All rights reserved. Nothing contained in this publication may be reproduced, stored in automated data fi les, or made public in any way, shape or form, be it electroni-cally, mechanically, by way of photocopies, recordings or any other manner, without prior written consent from the publisher. All texts and photographs remain the exclusive property of the publisher.
page
9
THE MUNICIPALITIES OF THE WESTHOEK
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11
Plate Control Strip Heidelberger Druckm
aschinen AG 2012
V12.0f (pdf)
SuprasetterAgfa
Energy Elite1/17
0.5 PTim
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30%40%
50%60%
70%75%
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95%97%
98%99%
Lin+Process
Order: 432656 Drukvel: ST415612
432656 - Van Maele Drukkerij - ST415612 - Kapvorm per 2 ex
1
2
3 4
5
6
7
8
9
10
B = ... 12
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27 28
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30
31 32
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THE MUNICIPALITIES OF THE WESTHOEKEach municipality consists of a central town or large village, surrounded by a number of smaller, satellite villages.
ALVERINGEMUnder the protective wing of mother Alveringem, nestle 8 charming villages, each prettier than the last. The River IJzer meanders gently through the now peaceful landscape. Nowhere is the meaninglessness of man-made boundaries more evident than here in Alveringem: if you are not careful, be-fore you know it you will be across the border into neighbouring France!
Alveringem is rightly proud of Brewery de Snoek. This old brewery was already providing refreshments to thirsty troops during the First World War. The restored malting house still contains the original copper vats which - thankfully - the invading Germans were unable to liberate!
Museum of Thirst: Malt and Brewing House de Snoekwww.desnoek.be [email protected] - [email protected]. +32 (0)58 28 96 74Fortem 40 - 8690 AlveringemSee under WWI on page 92
DIKSMUIDEDiksmuide owes its name and fame to the medieval cloth industry and its delicious butter. The town was reduced to rubble during the First World War. It was the scene of a famous battle in 1914 - the Battle of the IJzer - when French and Belgian troops fi nally stopped the German advance, but at a dreadful price. The old town centre was rebuilt completely after the Armistice. The famous IJzer Tower (with its museum) and the equally well-known Trench of Death (a preserved stretch of the old Belgian front line) are now the principal reminders of those terrible days.But there is more! Did you know... that a 16thcentury chronicle records that Archbishop Thomas Beckett (died 1170) once stayed in Diksmuide, during his period in exile from the wrath of King Henry II of England? Tradition says that in gratitude he donated a chalice and a chasuble to the parish, and he was believed to have lodged in the corner house of the beguinage, where the Kleine Dijk (Small Dyke) now meets the present-day Begijnhofstraat. Did it really happen? Or is it just another
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historical myth? Whatever the truth of the matter, the corner house is still known by the name Thomas of Canterbury and a small statue of the saint graces a niche in the faade of No.17!
BeguinageThe only beguinage in the Westhoek which dates from the 13thcentury, although it was extensively rebuilt after the war.
Brewery De Dolle Brouwers in EsenSee under Beers and Breweries on page 31
The YserstarBoat trips on the River IJzer, starting from Nieuwpoort and also running on from Diksmuide to Ypres.T. +32 (0)58 23 24 25
HelipromotionsBattlefi eld tours by helicopterwww.helipromotions.be - www.battlefi elds.beT. +32 (0)51 50 56 00Kleine Dries 17 - 8600 Diksmuide
Museum on the YserSee under WWI on page 61
The Trench of DeathSee under WWI on page 63
German Military Cemetery in VladsloSee under WWI on page 121
HEUVELLANDDid you know that... during the 16th century the cloth trade - on which the regions pros-perity was based - went into serious decline? Poverty and unemployment increased, offering a fertile breeding ground for the new religion of Protestantism. The Catholic pope in Rome branded the new-believers as heretics. Many people from Heuvelland fl ed the country to escape persecution and some eventually found their way to Sandwich and Norwich in England.Did you also know that one of the fi rst-ever scouts was killed near Kemmel during the First World War and now lies buried in the village
11
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churchyard? His name? Second Lieutenant Musgrave Cazenove Wroughton. Wroughton was one of the 20 young boys who Baden-Powell took on the fi rst-ever scouts camp to Bronwsea Island in 1907. But Heuvelland (land of hills), as the name in Dutch suggests, is most well-known for its green and hilly landscape. These hills are known lo-cally as mountains, even though the highest of them - the Kemmelberg or Mount Kemmel - is just 156 metres above sea level. Some traditions claim that this is the hill where the Grand Old Duke of York marched his 10,000 men up and down, as immortalised in a well-known British nursery rhyme.
Heuvelland Tourist OfficeSee under WWI on page 65
Dranouter Folk Experience in DranouterAn interactive museum about folk music in Flanders and the world.www.dranoutercentrum.beT. +32 (0)57 44 69 33Dikkebusstraat 234 - 8951 Dranouter
Aerial cable-car Cordoba in WestouterEvery day during the summer holidays and during weekend (weather permit-ting)[email protected] - T. 32 (0)57 44 60 35Rodebergstraat 75 - 8954 Westouter
Command Bunker KemmelbergA silent witness from the Cold War era.Information: Heuvelland Tourist Offi ce in Kemmel. [email protected] - T. +32 (0)57 45 04 55
Bayernwald in WijtschateGerman trenches, see WWI on page 66
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HOOGLEDEHooglede and Gits did not emerge unscathed from the First World War. For both villages, the German occupation was a period of relative calm. Even so, they were still in the Etappengebiet (Reserve Zone) and therefore close to the front. Many wounded soldiers were brought here for medical care. Some of them never recovered and are now buried in the Soldatenfriedhof (military cemetery). During the Liberation Offensive in September 1918, both villages were badly damaged.
HOUTHULSTHouthulst once had a large forest of more than 4,000 hectares. Today, there are just 350 hec-tares left. During the First World War, the Germans transformed the forest into an impregnable fortress. During the fi nal Liberation Offensive in September 1918, this bastion was stormed by the Belgian Army. By then, all that was left of the once-proud forest was a few shattered tree trunks. The Belgian military cemetery at Houthulst contains the graves of almost 2,000 soldiers who died in the liberation of the Vrijbos (as the wood is known locally). Amongst other reminders of the war years are the Drie Grachten (Three Canals) Post in Merkem and the Peace Windmill in Klerken. This mill served as a German look-out post between 1914 and 1918. On the canal at the Drie Grachten, there is an ecological visitors centre on board the longboat de BOOT.
Vrijbos(forest open to the public) For a healthy, invigorating walk. Open from sunrise to sunset. E. De Grootelaan - 8650 Houthulst
Belgian Military CemeterySee under WWI on page 110
IEPER (YPRES)Ypres is a city which needs no introduction in the English-speaking world. Its name will forever be associated with the sacrifi ce of Great Britain and her Empire during the First World War. The In Flanders Fields Museum, the Menin Gate, the Last Post, St. Georges Memorial Church: the average Englishman still knows more about Ieper than the average Belgian. Ieper is the Flemish name for the city. The more widely-known name of Ypres is the French spelling - and this is the spelling which was generally used on the military maps of the region at the beginning of the 20th century.
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