the great indian indian middle...on ownership and penetration of key consumer durables, these bands...

THEGREAT INDIAN

MIDDLE CLASSResults from the NCAER

Market Information Survey of Households

In association withBusiness Standard

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© National Council of Applied Economic Research& Business Standard Limited, May 2004

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Foreword

Since 1985-86, the National Council of Applied Economic Research (NCAER) has been con-ducting its Market Information Survey of Households (MISH) in a broadly comparable and con-sistent framework. Barring some years, the surveys have taken place annually with a sample sizeof roughly 3,00,000 households. While the focus of the MISH surveys has traditionally been (and

continues to be) ownership and purchase of manufactured goods (consumer durables and consumables),they are also distinctive in asking the respondent households about their household income.

This volume represents our effort to make available the findings from the most recent MISHround (2001-02) in a form that would be useful to marketing practitioners, corporate strategists and ac-ademic researchers. It builds on and expands the analysis previously undertaken in our publication, TheNCAER Very Rich White Book, published in 1998 and 2001. With this third volume in the series we are nowable to assess the growth in different income groups over time. More importantly, this time-seriesgives us the basis to project the growth of various income classes for the rest of the decade.

An additional innovation is the reclassification of our household income bands to permit a finer dis-crimination of income categories across regions and cities. By relating these income bands to MISH dataon ownership and penetration of key consumer durables, these bands provide a link between oursurvey-based income data and generally accepted attributes of middle-class consumption.

Our classification suggests that, at 2001-02 prices, the household income associated with being in themiddle class was Rs 2,00,000 to Rs 10,00,000 (approximately $ 4,167 to $20,833 a year at the exchangerate of Rs 48 prevailing then). This would imply that the Indian middle class consisted of 10.7 million house-holds or 57 million individuals of which 36 per cent lived in rural areas. In 1995-96 the middle class wasestimated at 25 million; by 2009-10 this group is expected to be around 153 million.

The overall category of the rich� households with income of over Rs 1 million in 2001-02 � is es-timated at 0.81 million households with 4.25 million people in them, compared to 0.27 million householdswith 1.47 million people in 1995-96. By 2009-10, their number is expected go up to 3.8 million house-holds with 20.31 million consumers. Around 70 per cent of India�s rich live in just eight states � Maharashtra,Delhi, Punjab, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Haryana, Karnataka and West Bengal.

On the other hand, the number of �deprived� households � or those with an annual family incomeof less than Rs 90,000 in 2001-02 � has stagnated between 1995-96 and 2001-02 (at about 135 million house-holds). By 2009-10 the number of such households will drop to 114 million.

As would be expected with most well-behaved statistical distributions, a given growth in the mean in-come of the population implies a more rapid change in the extremes although by definition the mediangroup remains the largest in size. This is the trend that India is currently witnessing and can expect to ex-perience as household income grows.

NCAER deeply appreciates the contribution of Business Standard whose staffers wrote, edited, designed and printed this book in order to make our work more accessible to our clients. The BusinessStandard team consisted of Sunil Jain, Kanika Datta, Sunil Pew, Shagan Mukherjee, Ahmed Raza Khanand Amit Ranjan Rai.

Finally, I would like to acknowledge the hard work of the team associated with this exercise in NCAERled by Dr Rajesh Shukla and including Asha Sharma and Sanjay Dwivedi.

For further queries about the report you may contact Dr Rajesh Shukla at 011-23379861-65 or [email protected].

SUMAN K. BERYDirector-General

NCAER

v

About this survey

Close to two decades after the late Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi first unleashed the power of themiddle class, its size continues to be a matter of debate. For certain categories of products, themarket could be as high as 50 million consumers, for others it could be ten times that. In theearly 1990s, a figure of 200 million to 250 million was the one cited most often. Many marketers

ran into problems when their sales fell way below projections based on such high estimates.For a while, after marketers took a more sober view of the market�s size, it looked as if the code had

been cracked. Just keep track of the sales of certain categories of cars, the theory ran, and it was possibleto get a fix on the number of people in a certain income class. The idea may have been practical but ithas run into serious difficulties. With interest rates collapsing and disposable incomes going up dis-proportionately, today�s consumers are buying goods that few in their income class have bought before.So while marketers have a reasonable idea of the present, understanding the future remains a hazardousbusiness.

The middle class, of course, has been defined in many ways, mostly cultural, sometimes even in termsof education or consumption patterns and psychographics. Rather than such intangibles, income clas-sifications are perhaps the most objective criterion.

This, then, leads to the next set of problems. How is the data to be measured over time and who isto provide it? Government data, from the National Sample Survey (NSS), for instance, does notmeasure income levels, but deals with expenditure. The NSS, like other consumption surveys across theworld, is also capturing less of the country�s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) with each passing year. Thedata on income available from other sources does not measure income at the level of the states and cities.Besides, the income cut-off is too low to be of use to serious marketing firms.

To understand the complexities of the Indian consumer market, the National Council of AppliedEconomic Research (NCAER) has been conducting the country�s largest consumer market surveycalled the Market Information Survey of Households (MISH) since 1985-86. It has been the chief sourceof data on income distribution in India. And among household surveys of its kind across the world, MISHholds a unique position on account of its massive sample size, range and the depth of information it un-covers. Over the years, the survey has become the most credible source of information on Indian marketstructures for decision makers in top marketing concerns, in public enterprises and in government.

A representative sample of households is selected through a multi-stage stratified sample de-sign, spread across the length and breadth of the country (a detailed survey methodology and its vali-dation are presented on pages 92 to 95). Apart from information on consumer goods, MISH providesinformation on income distribution at a disaggregated level. Since the income data is collected at cur-rent prices, the cut-off points for these income groups are adjusted each year to allow for inflation so thatthey are comparable over different rounds. MISH is the only data source in the country that providescomparable income distributions at different points in time. For instance, in 1984-85, high income house-holds were defined as those that had an annual income of more than Rs 42,000 a year. This is the samedefinition used in the MISH surveys in 2001-02 � the income levels of Rs 42,000 a year were adjustedfor inflation and equalled Rs 1,80,000 in 2001-02.

To be sure, estimates of income in the official national accounts differ from those obtained from MISH.In 1998-99, MISH income was equal to 63 per cent of the national accounts estimates and this went upto 72 per cent in MISH 2002. The reason for the difference is that MISH does not include items like theemployers contribution to provident fund (PF) and interest on various incomes including PF and deposits.Items like medical and travel reimbursements are not reported by sample households either because re-spondents did not perceive of them as income. But these items are included in the national accounts. What

is important, however, is that estimates of per capita income growth, based on MISH data, are broadlysimilar to actual data. Between 1987-88 and 1998-99, MISH reported an annual increase of 4.8 per cent,while the national accounts reported a 4.1 per cent increase.

WHAT THIS REPORT IS ABOUT

Despite a very large sample size, it has not been possible to extend the MISH-derived income dis-tribution beyond Rs 1,80,000 a year to give robust estimates of consumption at higher income levels. Theprincipal reason is the small cell sizes, which we do not believe should be extrapolated to give consumptionestimates for higher income groups. However, the fact remains that with consumer markets growing theway they are, the upper income groups have a special significance. The flood of premium products fromlocal and multinational firms has made it vital to extend this income distribution beyond the range pro-vided in MISH.

To derive a robust distribution purely through sample surveys would mean increasing the samplemany times over. Further, in cluster samples, where intra-clusteral correlations are high, the estimates wouldnot be efficient, unless stratification at the block/village level is introduced. In view of this, NCAER researchersattempted a model approximating the empirical frequencies obtained through MISH with a theoreticaldistribution (see pages 98 to 99). This theoretical distribution was extended for the desired income ranges.While doing so, corrections were made to the reported income to take care of conceptual differences be-tween national income statistics and the reported household incomes in the survey.

In 1998 and 2001, this work has been available under the title, The NCAER Very Rich White Book: AStudy of Super Affluent Indian Consumers. This is the only attempt to estimate the country�s income de-mographics at the upper income levels. This year, NCAER has not only changed the book�s title to cap-ture the country�s changing confidence, it has even increased the income categories to Rs 1 crore. Thistime, data for previous years has also been taken to help build a time series, and all data has been stan-dardised to 2001-02 prices for purposes of comparison.

Over the years, every serious national and international marketer has referred to the White Book forthe smallest of details on the country�s income demographics. Among the marketing firms that regularlysubscribe to NCAER�s income demographics data are Hindustan Lever, Colgate, ITC, LG, Whirlpool,Titan and Godrej. Banks like ANZ Grindlays, American Express, Hong Kong Bank and ICICI , as doautomobile firms like Maruti Udyog, Bajaj Auto, TVS, Tata Motors, Ford, Hero Honda, Fiat, HindustanMotors, and LML. Consultants like Tata Consultancy and McKinsey & Co have also bought this data inthe past.

The 2001-02 MISH has 15 income categories against just five in earlier survey rounds. Thisbook, however, has broadly clubbed these groups into seven categories, ranging from the �deprived� (thosewith a family income of under Rs 90,000 a year) to the �super rich� (family income of over Rs 1 crore ayear) with the middle class (income of between Rs 2 lakh and Rs 10 lakh per year) in between. The reasonfor clubbing households like this is that fairly distinct patterns of consumption can be observed for thesecategories.

Our survey shows that, for instance, the �deprived� do not buy automobiles at all. Less than four outof every ten �aspirer� households, or those with an annual household income of between Rs 90,000 andRs 2 lakh, had an automobile in 2001-02. Move up to the �seekers� category, with an income between Rs2 lakh and Rs 5 lakh a year, and almost three out of every 10 households have automobiles. By the timeyou reach the �sheer rich�, or those with an annual household income of between Rs 50 lakh and Rs 1crore, around eight of every 10 households owns an automobile. In the very top category, or the �crorepatis�,there are almost three cars per family. Similarly in the case of air-conditioners, while the �deprived� havenone, and the �aspirers� hardly any, four out of every ten �sheer rich� have air-conditioners.

vi

The report is divided into 15 chapters. Chapter 1 provides an overview of the country�s income de-mographics, by states, by urban and rural areas, and by town class within each of the 15 income categories.The chapter also details the rise of the cities as far as India�s richer classes are concerned and explainshow they are home to a growing number of rich Indians.

Chapters 2 through 9 do the same for each of the broad income categories. Chapter 10 providesa detailed overview of the income demographics of the four zones in the country, and the states/UnionTerritories within them. Chapters 11 through 14 provide details of how the income classes havemoved in each state within the zone and outline the importance of top cities in various states.

Chapter 15 details the rise of 67 cities that have a population of over 5,00,000 each (in the 2001 census).It also discusses a time line on how the concentration of the rich has increased in the cities from1995-96 and traces the change in the income demographics. This discussion, however, is based on thechanges in the country�s 24 cities with a population of over a million people, and not for the 67 cities sinceMISH did not track 67 cities earlier. This is followed by three sections, detailing the methodology, howthe results have been validated, as well as the statistical tools used to estimate the higher incomegroups from the MISH survey. The book concludes with detailed tables for the year 2001-02 onwhich the report is based. Tables for 1995-96 and 1998-99 are not provided in this book, but can be ob-tained from NCAER separately.

vii

Contents Chapter 1 Middle class rising ..........................................................1-5

Chapter 2 The �super rich� or �crorepatis� ........................................6-9

Chapter 3 The �sheer rich� ...........................................................10-12

Chapter 4 The �clear rich� ............................................................13-15

Chapter 5 The �near rich�.............................................................16-18

Chapter 6 The strivers..................................................................19-21

Chapter 7 The seekers .................................................................22-24

Chapter 8 The aspirers.................................................................25-27

Chapter 9 The deprived ...............................................................28-30

Chapter 10 State of income ..........................................................31-35

Chapter 11 Northern India ............................................................36-52Delhi ................................................................................37Haryana............................................................................39Himachal Pradesh ............................................................41Madhya Pradesh ..............................................................43Chhattisgarh ....................................................................45Punjab..............................................................................46Uttar Pradesh ...................................................................48Uttaranchal ......................................................................50Chandigarh ......................................................................51

Chapter 12 Western India..............................................................53-61Gujarat.............................................................................54Maharashtra.....................................................................56Rajasthan .........................................................................58Goa ..................................................................................60

Chapter 13 Southern India ............................................................62-72Andhra Pradesh ...............................................................63Karnataka.........................................................................65Kerala...............................................................................67Tamil Nadu.......................................................................69Pondicherry ......................................................................71

Chapter 14 Eastern India...............................................................73-84Assam ..............................................................................74Bihar ................................................................................76Jharkhand ........................................................................78Meghalaya .......................................................................79Orissa ...............................................................................81West Bengal .....................................................................83

Chapter 15 India�s top cities..........................................................85-89

Survey concepts, definitions and methodology ..............................92-95

Validation of results ........................................................................96-97

Estimating the high income groups................................................98-99

Annexures ...................................................................................100-212

URRENTLY ESTIMATED AT JUST Alittle over 57 million people, the IndianMiddle Class1 has grown almost two-and-a-half times since 1995-96 when it wasaround 25 million2 (Table 1). With thefastest growth in income levels between1995-96 and 2001-02 taking place in urbanareas, 64 per cent of the Indian MiddleClass is to be found in urban areas, upfrom under 58 in 1995-96. Though thelargest concentration of the middle class isto be found in northern and western India(Chart 1), the fastest growth has taken placein southern India.

By 2005-06, the middle class is pro-jected to cross 92 million, and with growthexpected to accelerate, by 2009-10, themiddle class is likely to be around 153 mil-lion (Table 2).

The Great Indian Middle Class 1

Chapter 1

Middle Class Rising

C (Income figures in Rs �000 per annum at 2001-02 prices,households in �000 numbers)Classification Income class 1995-96 2001-02 Annual

growth1995-2001

(%)Deprived <90 131,176 135,378 0.5

Aspirers 90 - 200 28,901 41,262 6.1

Seekers 200-500 3,881 9,034 15.1

Strivers 500-1000 651 1,712 17.5

Near Rich 1000-2000 189 546 19.4

Clear Rich 2000-5000 63 201 21.3

Sheer Rich 5000-10000 11 40 23.4

Super Rich >10000 5 20 25.9

Total 164,876 188,192 2.2

Annexure Table 2.1The middle class comprises Seekers and Strivers. Each household in 2001-02 consisted of 5.39 members on an average. The definition of middleclass used here is not the same as �consuming classes� used in otherNCAER publications. �Consuming classes� is based on income levels andconsumption patterns while �middle class� is based on income levels. In2001-02, while the middle class was 58 million, the �consuming class�was 210 million.

Table 1: Growing prosperity

1 Anyone whose family income is between Rs 2 lakh and Rs 10 lakh per annum in 2001-02 is regarded as ‘middle class’2 All income levels of 1995-96 have been converted to 2001-02 prices for ease of comparison. For example, in 1995-96, someone with

a family income of Rs 5,556,000 is considered a ‘crorepati’ or ‘super rich’ since that is equal to Rs 1 crore at 2001-02 prices.

2 The Great Indian Middle Class

Middle Class Rising

There are, of course, various definitions of the�middle class� that have been used from time to time.In the early 1990s, a figure of 200 to 250 millionwas bandied about, and a host of well-knownglobal brands discovered that this wasn�t quitetrue when their sales fell way below projections.What followed were attempts to redefine the�middle class�. One term that came into vogue,for instance, was �Nirma middle-class� which meantthat if products were moderately priced, likeNirma washing powder, the market size wouldgrow by leaps and bounds.

We have chosen to base our definition on theNational Council for Applied Economic Research(NCAER) India Market Demographics Report. TheIMDR�s �high� income group was defined assomeone with a household income, at 1995-96prices, above Rs 1,40,000 per annum. At 2001-02prices, this works out to a household income ofaround Rs 1,80,000. Accordingly, we have chosen an

annual household income of Rs 2 lakh as our base in-come for the middle class. Based on the findings ofthe IMDR, 365 out of every 1,000 households in thiscategory owned automobiles in 2001-02, 325 ownedscooters, 285 motorcycles, and 103 mopeds.

We have taken a household income of Rs 10 lakhper year as the upper end of what constitutes the

middle class since, beyond this income level, con-sumption patterns change quite significantly.

Within the category of the Indian MiddleClass, the category we define as �strivers�, with an an-nual household income of between Rs 5 lakh and10 lakh, has grown at under 18 per cent annuallybetween 1995-96 and 2001-02. The �seekers�, orthose earning between Rs 2 lakh and 5 lakh a

year, have grown by a little over 15 per cent annuallyduring this period (Table 1).

While the middle class has expanded quite rap-idly, the striking point is that there has been evenfaster growth in various categories of the rich.The number of �super rich�, or �crorepatis�, has goneup from 4,945 households in 1995-96 to 19,645 in

(Income in Rs '000 per annum at 2001-02 prices, households in '000s)

Classification Income class 2001-02 2005-06* 2009-10*

Deprived <90 135,378 132,250 114,394

Aspirers 90 - 200 41,262 53,276 75,304

Seekers 200-500 9,034 13,813 22,268

Strivers 500-1000 1,712 3,212 6,173

Near Rich 1000-2000 546 1,122 2,373

Clear Rich 2000-5000 201 454 1,037

Sheer Rich 5000-10000 40 103 255

Super Rich >10000 20 53 141

Total 188,192 204,283 221,945

*Projections

Table 2: Growing the great Indian middle class

(Income in Rs �000 per annum at 2001-02 prices, households in '000s)Classification Income 1995-96 2001-02 Annual

class growth1995-2001

(%)Urban Rural Urban Rural Urban Rural

Deprived <90 29,295 101,881 24,632 110,746 -2.8 1.4Aspirers 90 - 200 14,541 14,359 21,267 19,995 6.5 5.7Seekers 200-500 2,239 1,642 5,762 3,272 17.1 12.2Strivers 500-1000 428 223 1,204 507 18.8 14.7Near Rich 1000-2000 135 53 410 136 20.3 16.8Clear Rich 2000-5000 49 14 161 41 21.9 19.1Sheer Rich 5000-10000 9 2 34 6 23.7 21.8Super Rich >10000 4 1 17 2 26 24.7

Total 46,701 118,175 53,487 134,705 2.3 2.2

Annexure Table 2.1

Table 3: The rural-urban split

INDIA SHININGWith the upper-income classes rising faster than the

lower ones and the 'deprived' classes shrinking, by the

end of the decade India's income demographics will be

unrecognisable. In 1995-96, around 80 per cent of the

country's households were classified as 'deprived'. By

2009-10, their numbers are projected to fall to 52 per

cent. The Indian Middle Class will grow from 2.8 per cent

in 1995-96 to as much as 12.8 per cent, and the various

categories of the rich will grow from 0.2 per cent to

1.7 per cent.


Middle Class Rising

2001-02 (1,03,315 customers, based on the av-erage family size), which works out to an annualgrowth of just under 26 per cent. By 2005-06, thenumber of �super rich� households is expected to in-crease even faster, to 52,480 households, and by2009-10 this is expected to go up to 1,41,420households (7,52,687 consumers).

The overall category of the rich, or anyone witha family income of over Rs 10 lakh in 2001-02, is esti-mated at 8,06,568 households with 4.25 million peoplein them, compared to 2,68,318 households with 1.47million people in 1995-96. By 2005-06, this will go upto 17,32,303 households with 9.24 million consumers.And by 2009-10, the number will grow to 38,07,638households with 20.31 million consumers (Table 2).

The number of �deprived� households, orthose with an annual family income of less than Rs

90,000 at 2001-02 prices, has stagnated between1995-96 and 2001-02. By 2005-06, the number ofsuch households will drop to 132 million, and to 114million by 2009-10.

While there has been little change in the pro-portion of people living in rural areas between1995-96 and 2001-02, the growth in higher in-come classes has been greater in urban areas (Table3). Indeed, while there was a decline of 2.8 per centper annum in the number of deprived families in

urban areas in this period,rural India witnessed a 1.4per cent annual growth insuch families.

In the case of�crorepatis� or �super rich�,the annual growth in urbanareas was 26 per cent com-pared to 24.7 in rural areas.Similarly, for the �sheerrich�, annual urban growthwas 23.7 per cent com-pared to 21.8 for ruralareas. Interestingly, it is inthe �seeker� category that

the difference between urban and rural India � over40 per cent � is the starkest.

Coming to a region-wise analysis (Table 4), thesurprising point is that though the western stateshave the highest per capita incomes (Rs 21,078in 2001-02 compared to Rs 19,627 for the southernones), the biggest growth has been in the south. Itis only in the case of the �super rich� that thenorthern states have just about pipped thesouthern ones. After the south, it is the north thatshows the highest growth rates.

Yet, for historical reasons, the west remains the best

Though thewestern stateshave thehighest percapita incomes(Rs 21,078 in2001-02compared to Rs 19,627 forthe southernones), thebiggest growthhas been in the south

(Growth per annum for 1995-96 to 2001-02 in per cent, based on 2001-02 prices)

Classification Income class North West South East

Deprived <90 0.1 -0.5 -1.1 3.2

Aspirers 90 - 200 5.4 5.6 10 2.6

Seekers 200-500 15.7 13.8 22.5 4.2

Strivers 500-1000 18.7 15.9 23.1 7.2

Near Rich 1000-2000 20.7 17.8 23.7 10

Clear Rich 2000-5000 22.7 19.9 24.5 13.3

Sheer Rich 5000-10000 24.7 22.4 25.5 17.3

Super Rich >10000 26.6 25.6 26.2 21.5

Total 2 1.9 1.9 3.2

Table 4: Growth in number of households in different income classes (Per cent share of different income classes, in 2001-02)

Annexure Table 3.37,3.57,3.81,3.109

Chart 1: Income patterns by region


Middle Class Rising

hunting ground for mar-keters. Apart from the factthat the west has the highestnumber of �super rich� (8,594households versus 7,841 forthe northern states), the west-ern states have the highest�density� of the rich � thatis, the number of rich house-holds per million householdsin the state. The westernstates have 228 �super rich� households for every mil-lion households while the northern states have 142.

Within the states (Table 7), Maharashtra re-mains the richest state with 7,318 �super rich� house-holds, Delhi the second with 5,176, Punjab third with1,227 and Gujarat fourth with 1,099. And Karnataka,despite its IT barons, is a poor seventh.

With the population impact removed, however

the ranks change. Delhi moves to leading posi-tion, and Chandigarh to number two (Delhi has1,904 �super rich� per million households, Chandi-garh 1,045, and Maharashtra 391).

Close to two-thirds of India�s �super rich� live injust two states, Maharashtra and Delhi. The twostates account for 54 per cent of the �sheer rich�, 47per cent of the �clear rich� and 40 per cent of the �nearrich�. Around 70 per cent of India�s rich live in just8 states � Maharashtra, Delhi, Punjab, Gujarat,

(Income in Rs �000 per annum at 2001-02 prices, households in '000s)Classification Income Class Maharashtra Delhi Punjab Gujarat Tamil Nadu Haryana Karnataka West Bengal

Deprived <90 11,551 262 1,902 5,862 9,681 1,364 6,879 12,130

Aspirers 90 - 200 5,417 1,019 1,536 2,952 3,450 1,409 2,445 2,910

Seekers 200-500 1,254 1,030 578 508 621 544 592 431

Strivers 500-1000 312 254 120 104 120 106 101 78

Near Rich 1000-2000 120 96 39 34 37 33 29 24

Clear Rich 2000-5000 53 42 14 13 13 11 10 8

Sheer Rich 5000-10000 13 9 3 2 2 2 2 2

Super Rich >10000 7 5 1 1 1 1 1 1

Total 18,727 2,718 4,193 9,477 13,924 3,470 10,058 15,583

Annexure Tables 3.1, 3.17, 3.41, 3.45, 3.65, 3.73, 3.105

Table 7: India�s richest states in 2001-02

(Income and expenditure in Rs per annum for 2001-02)

Cities Households Average Average Percentage(in '000) household household saving

income expenditure

Chennai 1,485 173,509 116,090 33.1

Delhi 2,468 278,727 209,599 24.8

Kolkata 2,911 149,040 109,865 26.3

Mumbai 3,476 194,893 161,324 17.2

Table 5: Metros at a glance

(Per cent of monthly expenditure for 2001-02)

Items Chennai Delhi Kolkata Mumbai

Housing 6.0 4.3 6.0 3.7

Education 19.3 9.8 6.0 9.5

Health 5.0 6.2 4.4 4.2

Clothing 1.6 1.1 0.8 1.8

Readymade clothes 5.6 4.4 5.6 4.9

Transport 1.0 7.3 3.1 5.3

Personal transport 5.1 11.6 3.0 9.7

Entertainment 2.0 1.0 0.7 1.3

Outdoor entertainment 1.9 2.5 3.8 3.1

Food items 32.8 27.6 39.4 34.5

Outdoor eating 3.5 4.0 3.8 4.5

Fuel and lighting 7.0 9.6 6.9 7.8

Consumer durables 1.7 1.7 5.1 1.7

Telecommunication 6.2 7.0 5.8 6.3

Other services & Misc. 1.5 1.9 5.7 1.6

Total 100 100 100 100

Table 6: Where they spend it

Around 70 percent of India'srich live in justeight states �Maharashtra,Delhi, Punjab,Gujarat, TamilNadu, Haryana,Karnataka andWest Bengal


Middle Class Rising

Tamil Nadu, Haryana, Kar-nataka and West Bengal.The poorest 10 states ac-count for just 6 to 7 percent of the number of richfamilies. (Though lower onthe richness chart, Haryanaemerges as one of thefastest-growing states inmost income categories inthe period 1995-96 to 2001-02, beating traditionally richstates like Gujarat and Maharashtra comfortably.)

A similar situation holds in the case of cities,with just under two-thirds of the �super rich�living in the two cities of Delhi and Mumbai (in thatorder, with Delhi having 60 per cent more �superrich� households per million households thanMumbai). Sixty per cent of the �sheer rich� live inthese two cities, as do 55 per cent of the �clear rich�and 50 per cent of the �near rich� (Table 8). Withincreasing export-led prosperity industrial clusters

like Tiruppur have emerged as cities withgrowing populations of rich households. Witharound 20 �super rich� households in 2001-02,hosiery exports town Tiruppur is ranked 32nd outof India�s top 67 cities. Yet, thanks to its vastlysmaller population, Tiruppur actually has more�super rich� per million population than Bangaloredoes (162 versus 113).

There are interesting variations in expenditurepatterns across states, right from their savings to theitems they spend on (Tables 5 and 6). Within themetros, for instance, Chennaites save the most (upto a third of their incomes in 2001-02), while Mum-baikars saved just 17 per cent of annual incomes inthat year. Kolkatans saved 26 per cent and Delhiites25 per cent1.

After food, the biggest item of expenditure forChennai�s citizens was education (19 per cent)against 9 per cent for the Mumbaikars, and just 6 percent on transport versus 15 for Mumbaikars.Clothing expenses, at 6 to 7 per cent of the monthlybudget, was the norm in all metros.

(Number of '000 households)Deprived Aspirers Seekers Strivers Near Rich Clear Rich Sheer Rich Super Rich Total

<90 90-200 200-500 500-1000 1000-2000 2000-5000 5000-10000 >10000

Surat 208.1 343.7 51.0 11.3 3.9 1.5 0.3 0.1 620.0Hyderabad 209.8 598.4 303.5 51.0 14.1 4.3 0.7 0.2 1,182.0Ludhiana 35.7 121.5 94.1 20.8 7.2 2.8 0.6 0.3 283.0Ahmedabad 307.5 520.2 108.9 24.0 8.3 3.2 0.6 0.3 973.0Nagpur 156.1 201.0 59.7 15.8 6.4 2.9 0.7 0.4 443.0Chennai 515.3 612.0 278.7 54.5 17.1 5.9 1.1 0.4 1,485.0Kolkata 1,012.7 1,537.4 277.8 56.5 18.3 6.6 1.2 0.5 2,911.0Pune 151.1 447.1 141.3 37.2 14.9 6.8 1.6 1.0 801.0Mumbai 816.0 1,745.4 636.3 168.2 67.4 30.8 7.4 4.4 3,476.0Delhi 197.9 911.5 969.1 242.2 92.7 40.2 9.2 5.1 2,468.0Annexure Table 4.18

Table 8: India�s richest cities in 2001-02

With increasingexport-ledprosperity,industrialclusters likeTiruppur haveemerged ascities withgrowingpopulations ofrich households

1 A detailed analysis of spending patterns will be available later this year

HERE ARE CURRENTLY OVER 1,00,000Indians with a family income of over Rs 1crore a year. This category of �super rich� or�crorepatis� has shown the fastest growthamong all income categories between 1995-96 and 2001-02, growing at just under 26 percent a year. In 1995-96, there were onlyaround 26,836 �super rich� consumers inthe country. Growth is expected to increasein the subsequent period and by 2009-10, thenumber of �super rich� households is ex-pected to grow to 1,41,420, with around7,50,000 consumers in them. The proportionof households in urban areas, however, is ex-pected to be the same, at around 89 per centof the total (Chart 1).

Apart from the rapid growth in thenumber of �super rich� households, theirspread is equally impressive. Nearly 12 percent of India�s �super rich� households live inrural areas. While two-thirds of these house-holds in urban areas are situated in bigcities with over 5 million inhabitants each (65

per cent of all those living in cities live inDelhi and Mumbai), a little over a sixth livein towns that have less than 5,00,000 in-habitants (Chart 2).


Chapter 2

The �super rich� or �crorepatis�

T (Figures in �000)

Note: All prices are in 2001-02 terms*Projections Annexure Table 2.1

Chart 1: Counting the �super rich�


It is easier to find �super rich� households inlarger cities. In cities that have over 5 million in-habitants, there are 851 �super rich� householdsfor every million households in the state. In townswith populations below 5,00,000, the number of�super rich� households per million is 105.

Growth in the number of �super rich� house-holds has been uniform. Between 1995-96 and2001-02, the number of �super rich� householdsgrew by 26 per cent per annum in urban areas, andby 25 per cent in rural areas.

Predictably, it is the west, followed by thenorth, that has the largest concentration of �superrich�, and the east has the least. While the westhas 43.75 per cent of the country�s �super rich�households, the north has 39.91 and the east 4.13.

When you remove the impact of the higherpopulation of the northern states, the ascendancy ofthe west becomes even more apparent. While thenorthern states have 142 �super rich� households

per million households, the west has 228. In otherwords, if you are looking for a �crorepati�, the chancesof finding him or her in western India is muchhigher than in northern India. This is not too different

from the situation in 1995-96, when the west had 65�super rich� families per million population versus 39for the north, 14 for the south and 6 for the east.

Maharashtra remains the richest state in thecountry, with 7,318 �super rich� households, Delhithe 2nd with 5,176, Punjab 3rd with 1,227 andGujarat 4th with 1,099. Karnataka, despite its IT�crorepatis�, comes a poor seventh (Table 1).

With the population impact removed, the rankschange. Delhi moves to first position, and Chandigarhto number two (it was ranked number 12 in therankings of the total number of �super rich� house-


(Distribution of households by size of towns)(Figures in numbers, for 2001-02)

Annexure Table 2.5

Chart 2: Locating the �super rich�

(Figures in numbers, for 2001-02)

Ranks States Number of Per cent �Super rich� households of total per million*

1 Maharashtra 7,318 37.3 391

2 Delhi** 5,176 26.4 1,904

3 Punjab 1,227 6.3 293

4 Gujarat 1,099 5.6 116

5 Tamil Nadu 906 4.6 365

6 Haryana 822 4.2 237

7 Karnataka 640 3.3 64

8 West Bengal 608 3.1 39

9 Andhra Pradesh 593 3.0 34

10 Uttar Pradesh*** 325 1.7 11

All India 19,644 100 104(including other states)

*Number of �super rich� households per million households in the state**For both rural and urban areas ***Includes Uttaranchal Annexure Tables 2.55 & 2.56

Table 1: Where the �super rich� live � I

FROM CAPITAL TO CAPITALISMTraditionally, Mumbai is seen as the home of the rich and

famous, but the country�s richest city is actually Delhi.

With 5,176 �super rich� or �crorepati� households versus

Mumbai�s 4,439 (9,178 versus 7,428 �sheer rich�, and

40,241 versus 30,798 �clear rich�), the capital is way

ahead. Delhi retains its lead when it comes to the

�density�, or the number of rich households per million

households in the city. Compared to Mumbai�s 1,277

�super rich� per million, Delhi has 2,060. The differences

in other rich categories are equally high.


holds). Goa moves up the charts, to 6th positionwith 121 �super rich� households per million house-holds in the state, while Bihar moves down to the 22ndplace with just 3 �super rich� per million households.Madhya Pradesh, which is ranked 20th with just 28�super rich� households, slips further once the pop-ulation impact is removed. In terms of �super rich� permillion, Madhya Pradesh is ranked 24th with a �den-sity� of just 3. This brings the state on par with Bihar.

There has been no dramatic change in thestates where the �super rich� live, with the top statesthe same in 2001-02 as they were in 1995-96.

In terms of populationdensity, or the number of�super rich� per millionhouseholds in the state, therankings are also un-changed since 1995-96.

The relatively smallerareas of Chandigarh1,Pondicherry1, and Delhihave seen the fastest growth

in the number of �super rich�. Haryana emerges a darkhorse, several steps of its agrarian cousin Punjab. Tra-ditionally rich Maharashtra�s growth is ordinary � thestate has the most �super rich� in the country, but isranked number 11 when it comes to growth in this cat-egory between 1995-96 and 2001-02. Uttar Pradeshhas the lowest growth of all the states, under 16 percent during the period, a figure that is even lower thanthat for states like Madhya Pradesh and Bihar.

When it comes to the cities in which India�s�super rich� live, there has been no major shift either,and Delhi remains ahead of Mumbai as the huntingground for �super rich� households (Table 3). WhileDelhi has 5,085 households with an annual in-come of over Rs 1 crore, the figure for Mumbai is


(Number of households and density for 1995-96, growth for 1995-96 to 2001-02)

Ranks States Number of % growth �Super rich� households in between per million*

1995-96 1995-96 and in 1995-962001-02

1 Chandigarh 44 29.5 2672 Pondicherry 2 28.4 83 Delhi 1,204 27.5 5664 Haryana 194 27.1 635 Goa 8 26.9 336 Andhra Pradesh 144 26.7 97 Kerala 61 26.7 108 Tamil Nadu 220 26.6 189 Punjab 305 26.1 7610 Gujarat 277 25.8 3211 Maharashtra 1,862 25.6 11112 Karnataka 167 25.1 1813 Himachal Pradesh 12 21.9 1214 West Bengal 186 21.9 1315 Assam 25 21.4 616 Rajasthan 45 21.2 617 Madhya Pradesh** 13 20.6 118 Meghalaya 2 19.8 519 Bihar** 28 19.6 220 Orissa 13 19.6 221 Uttar Pradesh** 134 15.9 5

*Number of �super rich� households per million households in the state **Uttar Pradesh includes Uttaranchal, Bihar includes Jharkhand andMadhya Pradesh includes Chhattisgarh

Table 2: Where the �super rich� multiply

Delhi hasemerged as thenew paradisefor marketersof luxury goodswith thehighest densityof �super rich�households

(Figures in numbers, for 2001-02)Ranks Cities Number of households �Super rich� per million*

1 Delhi 5,085 2,0602 Mumbai 4,439 1,2773 Pune 965 1,2054 Kolkata 525 1805 Chennai 433 2916 Nagpur 425 9587 Ahmedabad 303 3118 Ludhiana 267 9459 Hyderabad 226 19110 Chandigarh 199 1,124

*Number of �super rich� households per million households in the cityAnnexure Tables 4.16 & 4.17

Table 3: Where the �super rich� live � II

1Though Union Territories, Chandigarh and Pondicherry have been included in the category of ‘states’ as, unlike cities, they have both rural and urban areas


4,439 � so Delhi accounts for over a third of all thecountry�s �super rich� while Mumbai accounts for alittle over 30 per cent.

Remove the population impact and Delhi�sascendancy is even greater. Delhi has 2,060 �superrich� households per million households, whileMumbai is a much lower 1,277. In other words, Delhihas emerged as the new paradise for marketers ofluxury goods.

After Mumbai and Delhi, there is a sharpdrop in the number of �super rich� in cities, and thenumber three city, Pune, has just 965 �super rich�households, and Kolkata, which is number four, has525 �super rich�. Bangalore, surprisingly for all its ITsuccess stories, is ranked at number 13 and hasjust 137 �super rich� households.

When it comes to the number of �super rich�households per million households, Pune�s 1,205 isquite close to Mumbai�s 1,277, and Chandigarhhas 1,124 �super rich� per million.

Even industrial clusters like Bhiwandi,Tiruppur and Moradabad figure in the list of cities thathave �super rich�, now that NCAER has expanded the

list of cities being coveredfrom 24 in 1998-99 to 67 in2001-02

1. While Bhiwandi

has 56 �super rich� house-holds (438 �super rich�households per millionhouseholds), Tiruppur has20 (162 per million), andMoradabad 1 (11 per mil-lion). Tiruppur, interest-

ingly, has a higher density of �super rich� (162 per mil-lion) than Bangalore (113).

The proportion of �super rich� living in urbanareas has changed dramatically between 1995-96 and2001-02. While a little under 45 per cent of all�super rich� lived in 24 cities with populations of a mil-lion-plus in 1995-96, this went up by more than halfby 2001-02, when 68 per cent of all �super rich� livedin these cities. The biggest increase in density, or thenumber of �super rich� households per millionhouseholds in the city, of course, has been in Delhiwhere the density has gone up from 618 in 1995-96to 2,060 � that is, by 2001-02, one in every 500households in Delhi was �super rich�.

While the big cities have the highest numberof �super rich�, the fastest growth areas, however, arethe smaller cities (Chart 3). In the period 1995-96 to2001-02, Nagpur had the fastest growth, of over 90 percent per annum, in the number of �super rich�, followedby Surat at 87 per cent. Vadodara was the third fastestgrowth city at 80 per cent per annum. These three cities,in fact, emerge as the top growth poles in severalother categories of rich as well � in the case of the �sheerrich� and the �clear rich�, they record the highestgrowth. Delhi�s growth, between 1995-96 and 2001-02,by contrast, was a much lower 27 per cent.

In most cities, compared to the 1995-96 to1998-99 period, there was a slowdown in thegrowth in the number of �super rich� in the 1998-99to 2001-02 period, in keeping with the overallslowdown in economic growth.

1 In 1995-96, the NCAER survey covered towns with over one million population, based on the 1991 census data. For 2001-02, however, sampling wasdone right down to the 5-lakh population towns, as detailed in the 2001 census.

(Per cent growth per annum)

Chart 3: India�s fastest growing cities, 1995-96 to 2001-02

Even industrialclusters likeBhiwandi,Tiruppur andMoradabadfigure in the list of citiesthat have �super rich�



HERE ARE CURRENTLY OVER 2,10,000Indians in the �sheer rich� category, or thosewith family income between Rs 50 lakh andRs 1 crore a year. This category has beengrowing at over 23 per cent a year since1995-96 when the total number of people inthis category was around 61,500. Between2001-02 and 2005-06, this category is ex-pected to grow even faster, at a little under27 per cent, to cross 1,03,100 households, or5,50,000 consumers. By 2009-10, there willbe 2,55,500 �sheer rich� households, with13,60,700 people in them (Chart 1).

As in the case of the �super rich�, signifi-cant numbers of the �sheer rich� can be foundin rural areas (close to a sixth) and small towns(another sixth live in cities with less than5,00,000 inhabitants). Around 60 per cent ofthose who live in urban areas, however, live inlarge towns with a population of over 5 million(Chart 2).

Unlike the �super-rich�, the north has ahigher number of �sheer rich� in comparison

with the west. The northern states account forover 40 per cent of all the �sheer rich� whilethe western states account for under 39 (of thewestern states, Maharashtra alone accounts

Chapter 3

The �sheer rich�


Note: All prices are in 2001-02 terms *Projections Annexure Table 2.1

Chart 1: Counting the �sheer rich�


for 31 per cent of the �sheer rich�). Maharashtra hasthe highest number of �sheer rich� households (12,511),followed by Delhi�s 9,397, Punjab�s 2,753 and Gu-jarat�s 2,431. Maharashtra accounts for 31 per cent ofthe �sheer rich�, Delhi 24 per cent, Punjab 7 per cent,and Gujarat 6 per cent (Table 1).

When you remove the impact of population,however, the west�s ascendancy once again becomesevident, exactly as in the case of the �crorepatis� or the�super rich�. While 412 of every million householdsin the western states are �sheer rich�, the figurefor the northern region is a lower 290. In otherwords, the chances of finding the �sheer rich� areabout 40 per cent better in the western states.

Both Delhi and Chandigarh, though, havethe highest concentration of the �sheer rich� in thecountry. With 3,457 out of every million house-holds in Delhi classified as �sheer rich�, the cap-ital�s �sheer rich� intensity is over 16 times the nationalaverage of 212, and several times higher than that

for a state like Maharashtra. In other words, for thoseselling high-value consumer goods, Delhi is clearlythe place to be.

With no one state showing dramatically

higher growth rates during the mid- to late-nineties, not surprisingly, there has been no majorchange in the ranking of states where the �sheerrich� live, over 1995-96 (Table 2). In terms ofpopulation density, or the number of �sheer rich�households per million households in the state, therankings are also unchanged since 1995-96. Therelatively smaller areas of Pondicherry, Goa and

Chandigarh have seen the fastest growth in thenumber of �sheer rich�.

The big surprises are states like Kerala andAndhra Pradesh making it to the list of the 5


(Figures in numbers, for 2001-02)Ranks States Number Percent �Sheer rich�

of of per households total million*

1 Maharashtra 12,511 31.4 668

2 Delhi** 9,397 23.5 3,457

3 Punjab 2,753 6.9 656

4 Gujarat 2,431 6.1 256

5 Tamil Nadu 2,245 5.6 161

6 Haryana 2,015 5.1 581

7 Andhra Pradesh 1,700 4.3 98

8 Karnataka 1,612 4 160

9 West Bengal 1,458 3.7 94

10 Uttar Pradesh*** 1,115 2.8 39

All India 39,914 100 212(including other states)

*Number of �sheer rich� households per million households in the state**For both rural and urban areas ***Uttar Pradesh includes UttaranchalAnnexure Tables 2.53 & 2.54

Table 1: Where the �sheer rich� live � I


Annexure Table 2.5

Chart 2: Locating the �sheer rich�

(Distribution of households by size of towns)

SMALL BUT FASTWhile Delhi and Mumbai account for 60 per cent of

India�s �sheer rich�, smaller cities like Surat and Nagpur

emerge as the fastest growing areas, with annual

increases in the number of �sheer rich� households of

around 70 per cent. Equally interesting is that the

proportion of �sheer rich� that is concentrated in 24 cities

with populations of a million-plus has gone up from 43

per cent in 1995-96 to 62 per cent in 2001-02. This

dramatic increase in the proportion of people living in the

big cities is true of all high-income classes.


fastest-growing states. In Kerala�s case, it is pri-marily remittances from the Gulf that are re-sponsible for this surge. In Andhra�s case rapid, ifskewed, growth accounts for its inclusion in the fast-track states.

As in the case of the �super rich�, Delhi hasthe highest number of �sheer rich� � at 9,174 house-holds, these are about a fourth higher thanMumbai�s 7,428 (Table 3). A third of all �sheer rich�households are to be found in Delhi, while 27 per centof the country�s �sheer rich� live in Mumbai. Pune ishome to a little under 6 per cent of the �sheer rich�population and Kolkata to under 5.

Remove the population impact, and Delhi lookseven richer. At 3,717 �sheer rich� households permillion, you stand a three-fourths better chance offinding the �sheer rich� in Delhi compared to Mumbai.The chances of finding the �sheer rich� in Chandigarhare around 40 per cent less than in Delhi. Bhiwandiis number 22 when it comes to the number of the�sheer rich� and hosiery exports centre Tiruppur isnumber 36 with 50 �sheer rich� households.

Apart from the growth in the number of �sheerrich� households, the biggest change is in their in-creased concentration in cities. In 1995-96, around43 per cent of the country�s �sheer rich� lived inthe top 24 cities with more than a million inhabitants.By 2001-02, this proportion rose to 62 per cent.

Within the cities, the density, or the numberof �sheer rich� households, has increased manifold. In1995-96, there were 1,191 such households in Delhi.In other words, one out of every 1,000 households inDelhi was a �sheer rich� one. Just six years later, this hadrisen more than three times � that is, one in every 250or so households in Delhi was �sheer rich�. ForMumbai, similarly, the density has gone up from423 to 2,137 � that is, one in every 500 householdstoday is �sheer rich�. For marketers, apart from thegrowth in the sheer numbers, the density is significant,as this reduces marketing costs for reaching a largernumber of households.



Ranks States Number of Growth �Sheer rich� households between per in 1995-96 1995-96 and million*

2001-02 in 1995-96

1 Pondicherry 5 29.7 25

2 Goa 22 27.8 91

3 Chandigarh 101 27.5 605

4 Kerala 180 27.1 31

5 Andhra Pradesh 417 26.4 27

6 Haryana 499 26.2 161

7 Delhi 2,337 26.1 1,099

8 Tamil Nadu 572 25.6 45

9 Punjab 752 24.2 188

10 Karnataka 452 23.6 50

11 Gujarat 684 23.5 78

12 Maharashtra 3,753 22.2 224

13 Himachal Pradesh 38 21.4 38

14 Rajasthan 163 19.9 21

15 Assam 80 18.6 19

16 Meghalaya 6 18.1 17

17 West Bengal 554 17.5 39

18 Madhya Pradesh** 62 16.7 5

19 Orissa 46 16.4 8

20 Bihar** 104 15.7 7

21 Uttar Pradesh** 472 15.4 18

*Number of �sheer rich� households per million households in the state**Uttar Pradesh includes Uttaranchal, Bihar includes Jharkhand andMadhya Pradesh includes Chhattisgarh

Table 2: Where the �sheer rich� multiply

(Figures in numbers, for 2001-02)Ranks Cities Number of households �Sheer rich� per million*

1 Delhi 9,174 3,7172 Mumbai 7,428 2,1373 Pune 1,624 2,0284 Kolkata 1,225 4215 Chennai 1,060 7136 Nagpur 707 1,5957 Hyderabad 658 5568 Ahmedabad 643 6619 Ludhiana 565 1,99510 Bangalore 414 341

*Number of �sheer rich� households per million households in the cityAnnexure Tables 4.14 & 4.15

Table 3: Where the �sheer rich� live � II

VER A MILLION INDIANS TODAY HAVEfamily incomes of between Rs 20 lakh and Rs50 lakh a year, and the figure has grown by21.3 per cent per annum since 1995-96 whenthere were 3,45,000 such Indians.

Growth in this segment is forecast to riseeven faster, to 22.6 per cent per annum till2005-06, by which time the number of �clearrich� households will be 4,54,000 with 2.4 mil-lion consumers in them. Over the next fouryears after this, growth rates are expected togo up a bit, and by 2009-10, there will beover a million households in this category,with 5.5 million members (Chart 1).

As one moves down the income chain,a higher proportion of families can be foundliving in rural areas as well as small towns. Afifth of the �clear rich� live in rural areas, anda fifth of those living in urban areas live intowns with a population of less than5,00,000 households. About 55 per cent ofurban households are in urban agglomera-tions of over 5 million households (Chart 2).

The northern states account for 39.8per cent of all �clear rich� households whilethe west accounts for 34.9 per cent. The east,in this case as well, remains a laggard with


Chapter 4

The �clear rich�

O (Figures in �000)


Chart 1: Counting the �clear rich�

just over 6 per cent of all households in this category.When you remove the impact of the higher

population of the northern states, the ascendancy ofthe west becomes evident, as in other rich income cat-egories. While the northern states have 1,452households per million households in this cate-gory, those in the west have 1,866. In other words,the chances of finding the �clear rich� are around 30per cent better in western India compared withnorthern India.

Maharashtra remains the richest state in thecountry, with 53,234 �clear-rich� households, and ac-counts for over a fourth of the total in this category(Table 1). Delhi is the second with 41,506 households,accounting for a fifth of the all-India total. Punjabis third with 14,473 and Tamil Nadu fourth with12,754 � the ranking is exactly the same as for the�super rich� and the �sheer rich�, except that TamilNadu has now changed places with Gujarat forfourth position.

The top three slots are also unchanged over1995-96. With its growth falling in the late nineties,Gujarat has slipped from fourth position to fifthin 2001-02. Not surprisingly, given that there was vir-

tually no major industrial investment in the stateduring this period, West Bengal fell from fifth slot toninth in 2001-02. Uttar Pradesh was number 6 andis now tenth, Andhra has moved up from number 10to number 7, and Haryana from number 8 to 6.

With the population impact removed, theranks change. Delhi moves to first position, as it doesin the case of the �super rich� index, and Chandigarhto number two (the Union Territory was ranked

number 13 in the total number of �sheer rich�). At15,271 �clear rich� households per million popula-tion, Delhi�s �clear-rich� population density is 14times the national average of 1,071, while Chandi-



(Figures in numbers, for 2001-02)Ranks States Number Per cent �Clear rich�


1 Maharashtra 53,234 26.4 2,843

2 Delhi** 41,506 20.6 15,271

3 Punjab 14,473 7.2 3,452

4 Tamil Nadu 12,754 6.3 916

5 Gujarat 12,666 6.3 1,336

6 Haryana 11,391 5.7 3,283


8 Karnataka 9,523 4.7 947

9 West Bengal 8,165 4.1 524

10 Uttar Pradesh*** 8524 4.2 298

All India 201,472 100 1,071(including other states)

*Number of �clear rich� households per million households in the state**For both rural and urban areas ***Includes Uttaranchal Annexure Tables 2.51 & 2.52

Table 1: Where the �clear rich� live � I


Annexure Table 2.5

Chart 2: Locating the �clear rich�


THE �RURBAN� CONSUMERAlthough Delhi and Mumbai are home to most of the

country�s rich this doesn�t mean the cities are rich. Over a

third of the population of all the 67 cities in the country

with a population over 5 lakh are in the �deprived�

category � even in Mumbai 23 per cent of the

population is in the �deprived� category. And, in the case

of the �clear rich� category households, a fifth live in rural

areas, and a fifth of those living in urban areas, live in

towns with a population of less than 5 lakh.

garh�s is almost 8 times. Goa moves up the charts tosixth place while Bihar moves down.

A combination of Gulf money in the case ofKerala, and pro-growth policies in the case of stateslike Andhra Pradesh and Haryana have resulted inthese states making it to the list of the top 5 or 6fastest growth areas (Table 2).

Among the cities, Delhi houses over 30 per centof India�s �clear rich� (40,241 households), Mumbaiaccounts for a little under a fourth (30,798 house-holds) and Pune a little over 5 per cent (6,762).

In terms of �clear rich� density, Delhi topsagain with 16,305 �clear rich� per million households

compared to Mumbai�s 8,860 (Table 3). Mumbai, infact, is at number four, with Chandigarh at numbertwo (11,060 households per million) and Ludhianaat number three (9,897 households per million).Tiruppur is ranked number 24 in terms of �clear rich�density, with 2,290 �clear rich� per million households.Kota, made famous by its sarees, is ranked number55 with 77 �clear rich� households (that�s 649 suchhouseholds for every million in the city), andMoradabad is number 66 with 38 such households.

As in the case of other rich categories, there hasbeen a sharp increase in the concentration of the�clear rich� in a small number of cities. While 40 percent of the �clear rich� lived in cities with a mil-lion-plus population, this rose to 56 per cent by 2001-02. Much of this was due to the increased density ofthe �clear rich� within existing cities. The density, orthe number of �clear rich� households in Delhi rosefrom 5,488 per million in 1995-96 to 16,305 by2001-02 � that is, by 2001-02, one in every 65houses in Delhi had an annual income of betweenRs 20 and 50 lakh. For Mumbai, the density rose al-most 4 times.

But neither city has the fastest growth. At 56 percent annually between 1995-96 and 2001-02, it isSurat that is the top growth state, followed byNagpur�s 52.3 per cent, Vadodara�s 48.3, Ahmed-abad�s 46.9 and Vijayawada�s 45.9.




Ranks States Number of Growth �Clear rich� households between per in 1995-96 1995-96 and million*

2001-02 in 1995-96


2 Goa 141 28.2 577

3 Kerala 1,234 27.4 211


5 Chandigarh 534 25.6 3,207

6 Haryana 2,977 25.1 959

7 Delhi 10,853 25.1 5,105

8 Tamil Nadu 3,452 24.3 274

9 Punjab 4,337 22.3 1,086

10 Karnataka 2,893 21.9 318

11 Gujarat 3,967 21.4 454


13 Maharashtra 18,128 19.7 1,081

14 Rajasthan 1,382 18.2 174

15 Meghalaya 47 16.2 131

16 Assam 618 15.3 149

17 Uttar Pradesh** 3,797 14.4 145

18 West Bengal 3,846 13.4 272

19 Orissa 402 13.1 68

20 Madhya Pradesh** 687 11.9 55

21 Bihar** 903 11.6 62

*Number of �clear rich� households per million households in the state**Uttar Pradesh includes Uttaranchal, Bihar includes Jharkhand andMadhya Pradesh includes Chhattisgarh

Table 2: Where the �clear rich� multiply

(Figures in numbers, for 2001-02)Ranks Cities Number of households �Clear rich� per million*

1 Delhi 40,241 16,3052 Mumbai 30,798 8,8603 Pune 6,762 8,4424 Kolkata 6,602 2,2685 Chennai 5,944 4,0036 Hyderabad 4,298 3,6367 Ahmedabad 3,202 3,2918 Nagpur 2,919 6,5889 Ludhiana 2,801 9,89710 Bangalore 2,698 2,220

*Number of �clear rich� households per million households in the cityAnnexure Tables 4.12 & 4.13

Table 3: Where the �clear rich� live � II


HERE HAS BEEN A 20 PER CENT annual growth in the number of �near rich�,or those households earning an annual in-come between Rs 10 lakh and Rs 20 lakh, inthe period between 1995-96 and 2001-02.From 1,89,000 households in 1995-96, thenumber of households in this category roseto over 5,46,000 (with around 2.9 millionconsumers in them) in 2001-02.

Unlike other rich income categorieswhere the rate of growth is also forecast to in-crease, the number of �near rich� house-holds are likely to continue to grow ataround 20 per cent till the end of thedecade. By 2005-06, the number of suchhouseholds is expected to grow to 1.1 million,with just under 6 million consumers in them.By 2009-10, the number of �clear rich�households will rise to 2.4 million, with 12.7million consumers in them. Roughly afourth of this category of households willcontinue to live in rural areas (Chart 1).

As one moves down the income chain,

from the �super rich� to the �sheer rich�,the �clear rich�, and then to the �near rich�,there are a higher proportion of familiesliving in rural areas as well as small towns.

Chapter 5

The �near rich�



Chart 1: Counting the �near rich�

The �near rich�

A fourth of the �near rich� live in rural areas, and 22per cent of those living in urban areas live in townswith a population of less than 5,00,000. About 53 percent of urban �near rich� are in urban agglomera-tions of over 5 million inhabitants (Chart 2).

The northern states account for 39 per cent ofall �near rich� households while the west accounts for31 per cent. The east remains a laggard, though lessso with just over 7 per cent of all households in thiscategory. Remove the impact of the higher popu-lation of the northern states, and the western statesare richer. While the northern states have 3,886households per million households in this cate-gory, those in the west have 4,547.

Maharashtra remains the richest state in thecountry with 1,20,300 �near-rich� households, andaccounts for 22 per cent of the total in this category(Table 1). Delhi is the second with 96,373 house-holds, accounting for a sixth of the all-India total.Punjab is third with 39,320 and Tamil Nadu fourth

with 37,054. With the population impact removed, Delhi

moves to first position once again and Chandigarhto number two. At 35,457 �near rich� households per

million households, Delhi�s near-rich population den-sity is 12 times the national average of 2,899, whileChandigarh�s is over 9 times.

As in other categories, the higher growth ofTamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh has resulted in adramatic change in the relative positions of thestates since 1995-96 (Table 2). Uttar Pradesh, whichused to be ranked number three in the number of�near rich� households in 1995-96, is today 8ththanks to the relative decline in its growth. Ditto forWest Bengal, which has slipped from 4th to 10th po-

sition. In the north, Punjab has moved up from5th to 3rd place. In the south, Tamil Nadu from 6thto 4th, Karnataka has slipped a notch, and AndhraPradesh has leapt from 9th to 5th spot.


(Figures in numbers, for 2001-02)Ranks States Number Per cent �Near rich�


1 Maharashtra 120,300 22.1 6,424

2 Delhi** 96,373 17.7 35,457

3 Punjab 39,320 7.2 9,377

4 Tamil Nadu 37,054 6.8 2,661

5 Andhra Pradesh 35,711 6.6 2,065

6 Gujarat 34,284 6.3 3,618

7 Haryana 32,918 6.0 9,486

8 Uttar Pradesh*** 32,121 5.9 1,124

9 Karnataka 29,239 5.4 2,907

10 West Bengal 23,777 4.4 1,526

All India 545,538 100 2,899(including other states)

*Number of �near rich� households per million households in the state**For both rural and urban areas ***Includes Uttaranchal Annexure Tables 2.49 & 2.50

Table 1: Where the �near rich� live � I


Annexure Table 2.5

Chart 2: Locating the �near rich�


SLIPPING UPIn the case of the �near rich�, Uttar Pradesh, which used to

be the number three state in 1995-96, slipped to 8th

position in 2001-02, and West Bengal slipped from the 4th

to 10th rank. By contrast, states like Punjab and Andhra

Pradesh, which have grown rapidly during this period, have

seen their relative rankings go up. Punjab jumped from 5th

to 3rd place, and Andhra from 9th to the 5th slot.

The �near rich�

At 92,705 �near rich� households, Delhi accountsfor around 30 per cent of the country�s total, whileMumbai accounts for a fifth with 67,427 such house-holds (Table 3). Saree town Kota is ranked 58th with262 �near rich� households and brass factory Morad-abad is ranked 66th with 151 �near rich� households.

As in the case of other rich categories, there hasbeen an increased bunching of population in largeurban centres. Unlike in the case of the higher cat-egories, though, the increase has been less in the caseof the �near rich�. While 38 per cent of the �near rich�

lived in 24 cities with over amillion inhabitants each in1995-96, this rose to 51 percent by 2001-02 � for the�clear rich�, the rise wasfrom 40 to 56 per cent.

The density of the�near rich� in Delhi rosefrom 13,223 per million in1995-96 to 37,563 in 2001-02� that is, by 2001-02, aboutone in every 30 households

in the capital had an annual income of between Rs 10and 20 lakh. For Mumbai, the density rose from6,222 to 19,398 households per million householdsin the state � that is, one in every 50 households inthe state was a �near rich� one in 2001-02.

As in other income categories, the top-rankedcities in terms of the number of households, arenot the top-growth ones. Interestingly, though,most of the top-growth cities remain more or less thesame in the top income categories. Surat is the top-ranked city with an annual growth of 44.3 per centbetween 1995-96 and 2001-02, Vijayawada is nextwith just under 40 per cent, Coimbatore is a tad lowerat 3rd, Ahmedabad is number 4 with a bit over 39,and Nagpur is 5th with a growth of just under 38 percent during this period.



Ranks States Number of Growth �Near rich� households between per in 1995-96 1995-96 and million*

2001-02 in 1995-96


2 Goa 452 28.7 1,858

3 Kerala 4,241 27.9 725


5 Delhi 26,404 24.1 12,418

6 Haryana 9,058 23.9 2,918

7 Chandigarh 1,460 23.9 8,773

8 Tamil Nadu 10,606 23.2 841

9 Karnataka 9,511 20.6 1,045

10 Punjab 12,832 20.5 3,213


12 Gujarat 11,837 19.4 1,353

13 Maharashtra 45,996 17.4 2,744

14 Rajasthan 5,792 16.7 729

15 Meghalaya 183 15.1 510

16 Uttar Pradesh** 14,950 13.6 573

17 Assam 2,389 12.3 576

18 Orissa 1,796 10.8 304

19 West Bengal 13,477 9.9 953

20 Bihar** 3,896 8.3 268

21 Madhya Pradesh** 3,563 7.9 283

*Number of �near rich� households per million households in the state**Uttar Pradesh includes Uttaranchal, Bihar includes Jharkhand andMadhya Pradesh includes Chhattisgarh

Table 2: Where the �near rich� multiply

(Figures in numbers, for 2001-02)Ranks Cities Number of households �Near rich� per million*

1 Delhi 92,705 37,5632 Mumbai 67,427 19,3983 Kolkata 18,291 6,2834 Chennai 17,067 11,4935 Pune 14,861 18,5526 Hyderabad 14,116 11,9427 Bangalore 8,668 7,1348 Ahmedabad 8,270 8,4999 Ludhiana 7,206 25,46410 Nagpur 6,367 14,373

*Number of �near rich� households per million households in the cityAnnexure Tables 4.10 & 4.11

Table 3: Where the �near rich� live � II

At 35,457 �near rich�households permillionhouseholds,Delhi�s near-richpopulationdensity is 12 times the nationalaverage of 2,899

ITH A 17.5 PER CENT ANNUAL GROWTHsince 1995-96, the �strivers�, or those house-holds with an annual income between Rs 5lakh and Rs 10 lakh, comprise just under oneper cent of the country�s population, upfrom 0.4 per cent in 1995-96. In 2001-02,there were 1.7 million �striver� householdsagainst 6.5 lakh in 1995-96 �the number of�striver� consumers rose from 3.6 millionto 9.1 million. Seventy per cent of �striverhouseholds are in the Rs 5 lakh to Rs 7.5lakh annual income bracket.

By 2005-06, the �striver� population isprojected to grow to a little over 17 mil-lion, with a growth rate slightly lower thanin the period 1995-96 to 2001-02. By 2009-10, the �striver� population is expected to in-crease to 33 million (Chart 1).

A little under 30 per cent of �strivers�live in rural areas, about a tenth lower than the34 per cent that lived in these areas in 1995-96.A little over 17 per cent live in small towns withless than 5,00,000 inhabitants, while a third live

in big towns with over 5 million inhabitants(Chart 2). By the end of the decade, the pro-portion of �strivers� living in rural areas is ex-pected to decline further and by 2009-10,


Chapter 6

The Strivers

W (Figures in �000)


Chart 1: Counting the �strivers�

The Strivers

only a fourth of all �strivers� will live in rural areas.The north accounts for 38.7 per cent of all

�striver� households, the west 28.4, the south 24.9 andthe east 8.0. Maharashtra alone accounts for 18per cent of all �strivers� and Delhi accounts for 15 percent. In terms of population density, or the numberof �striver� households per million households in astate, Delhi tops with 93,455, ten times the all-India average (Table 1).

The zonal positions have not changed since1995-96, though the shares have. The north washome to 36 per cent of �strivers� in 1995-96 againstjust under 39 in 2001-02. The share of the west hasgone down from 31 to 28, the south�s has goneup from 19 to 25, and the east�s share has gone downdramatically from 14 to 8.

As in various rich income categories, thebiggest change has been in the fall of states like UttarPradesh and West Bengal. From 4th position, WestBengal slid to 10th in 2001-02, while Andhra has

jumped from 9th to 3rd position in 2001-02.Delhi tops the list of the cities that has the max-

imum number of �striver� families (a fourth of all�strivers� live in the capital), while Mumbai is second

(18 per cent of all �strivers� live here). Delhi also has the highest �striver� density at

98,136 such households for every million house-holds, a figure that is more than double that ofMumbai. Chandigarh is number two with a densityof 78,394 (Table 3). Hosiery exports giantTiruppur is ranked number 38 with 2,688 �striver�

households, saree city Kota is number 59 with975 such households, and brass city Moradabad isnumber 66 with 657 such households.

Apart from the striver population in towns


(Figures in numbers, for 2001-02)Ranks States Number Per cent �Strivers�


1 Maharashtra 311,725 18.2 16,646

2 Delhi** 254,012 14.8 93,455

3 Andhra Pradesh 127,999 7.5 7,400

4 Uttar Pradesh*** 131,878 7.7 4,614

5 Tamil Nadu 119,676 7.0 8,595

6 Punjab 119,633 7.0 28,532

7 Haryana 105,740 6.2 30,473

8 Gujarat 104,409 6.1 11,017

9 Karnataka 101,451 5.9 10,087

10 West Bengal 78,383 4.6 5,030

All India 1,711,749 100 9,096(including other states)

*Number of �strivers� households per million households in the state**Includes urban and rural areas ***Includes Uttaranchal Annexure Tables 2.47 & 2.48

Table 1: Where the �strivers� live � I


Annexure Table 2.5

Chart 2: Locating the �strivers�


RURAL TRANSFORMATIONBy 2009-10, just a fourth of all �strivers� will live in rural

areas, down from a little under 30 in 2001-02, and 34 in

1995-96. When that happens, one per cent of all rural

households will be in the �striver� class as opposed to 0.4

per cent in 2001-02. This, in fact, symbolises the

dramatic change taking place in income levels in rural

areas. As much as 82 per cent of the rural population in

2001-02 was �deprived�, and another 15 consisted of

�aspirers�. By 2009-10, 63 per cent of the population will

be �deprived�, and as much as 30 per cent will be in the

�aspirer� category.

The Strivers

rising, the concentration of �striver� households inbig cities is also increasing. While 37 per cent of thecountry�s �striver� households were located in 24 citieswith population of over 1 million in 1995-96, this hadgone up to 46 per cent by 2001-02. Maharashtra topsthe states where �strivers� live, while Delhi comessecond. Delhi, however, has almost six times the�striver� density that Maharashtra has � that is, Delhihas six times as many �striver� households per millionhouseholds compared to Maharashtra. Delhi, in fact,has more than ten times the all-India �striver� density.

The fastest growing city is Cochin which saw thenumber of �striver� households grow by just under

34 per cent between 1995-96 and 2001-02. Vi-jayawada is number twowhen it comes to growthrates, Coimbatore third,Surat 4th, and Chennai 5th.

Though the number of�striver� households are smallin these cities, the growth isreally huge. Cochin has seenthe number of such house-holds increase from 1,369 in

1995-96 to 7,878 in 2001-02. In terms of density ofhouseholds, Cochin�s growth is even more phenom-enal � from 5,147 �striver� households per millionhouseholds in the city in 1995-96, the density rose al-most five times in the next six years, to 24,391. In otherwords, one out of every 40 households in the city wasa �striver� in 2001-02.

In keeping with the sharp slump in growth inthe period after 1997, the growth rankings have alsochanged dramatically. While Cochin was top rankedin the period 1995-96 to 2001-02, it was Surat thatshowed the fastest growth in the period 1995-96 to1998-99. In the 1998-99 to 2001-02 period, however,Surat, which was growing at 80 per cent-plus in theearlier period, suddenly slumped and showed a 2 percent decline each year.



Ranks States Number of Growth �Strivers� households between per in 1995-96 1995-96 and million*

2001-02 in 1995-96

1 Pondicherry 410 30.5 2,262

2 Goa 1,605 29.2 6,589

3 Kerala 16,060 28.7 2,745

4 Andhra Pradesh 34,134 24.6 2,240

5 Delhi 72,657 23.2 34,172

6 Haryana 30,586 22.9 9,853

7 Chandigarh 4,465 22.5 26,834

8 Tamil Nadu 36,146 22.1 2,864

9 Himachal Pradesh 3,658 19.7 3,680

10 Karnataka 35,046 19.4 3,850

11 Punjab 42,295 18.9 10,591

12 Gujarat 39,479 17.6 4,514

13 Rajasthan 26,660 15.4 3,356

14 Maharashtra 132,501 15.3 7,904

15 Meghalaya 788 14.5 2,191

16 Uttar Pradesh** 63,953 12.8 2,451

17 Assam 10,207 9.5 2,459

18 Orissa 9,116 9.0 1,544

19 West Bengal 52,389 6.9 3,704

20 Bihar** 18,622 5.4 1,280

21 Madhya Pradesh** 19,790 4.2 1,570

*Number of �striver� households per million households in the state**Uttar Pradesh includes Uttaranchal, Bihar includes Jharkhand andMadhya Pradesh includes Chhattisgarh

Table 2: Where the �strivers� multiply


Ranks Cities Number of households �Strivers� per million*

1 Delhi 242,199 98,136

2 Mumbai 168,206 48,391

3 Kolkata 56,538 19,422

4 Chennai 54,504 36,703

5 Hyderabad 51,002 43,149

6 Pune 37,199 46,441

7 Bangalore 30,164 24,826

8 Ahmedabad 23,972 24,638

9 Ludhiana 20,818 73,560

10 Nagpur 15,833 35,740*Number of �striver� households per million households in the cityAnnexure Tables 4.8 & 4.9

Table 3: Where the �strivers� live � II

The fastestgrowth city isCochin whichsaw the numberof �striver�householdsgrow by justunder 34 percent between1995-96 and2001-02


ITH UNDER 48 MILLION INDIANS INthe �seeker� class, that is those with an annualfamily income of between Rs 2 lakh and Rs 5lakh, this segment has both the numbers aswell as sufficient purchasing power to warrantany marketer�s full-time attention. Thoughgrowth in this segment has not been as highin other higher income categories, a 15 percent-plus growth since 1995-96 has seen thenumber of �seeker� households increase from3.9 million in 1995-96 to 9 million in 2001-02. Close to 40 per cent of all �seekers� are inthe Rs 2 lakh to Rs 2.5 lakh annual incomebracket, 23 per cent are in the Rs 2.5 lakh andRs 3 lakh bracket, with the remainder inthe Rs 3 lakh to Rs 5 lakh bracket.

With the fastest growth taking place in theupper-income categories, growth in the�seeker� category is forecast to slow down in thenext few years. Against a 15 per cent annualgrowth in the mid-nineties, between 2001-02and 2009-10, growth in this category will be alower 12 per cent or so. By 2005-06, there are

likely to be 13.8 million such households with74 million consumers, and by 2009-10 therewill be 22.3 million such households with119 million consumers (Chart 1).

Chapter 7

The Seekers

W (Figures in �000)


Chart 1: Counting the �seekers�

The Seekers

Over 36 per cent of �seekers� live in rural areas,and 18 per cent in small towns with less than 5,00,000inhabitants. Under 30 per cent of �seekers� live in bigcities with a population of over 5 million (Chart 2).

Among the zones, the southern states are nowbeginning to catch up and account for 27 per centof all �seekers� compared to the west�s share of 25 percent. The north, however, remains the leader witha share of 38 per cent in the �seeker� population.

In terms of population density, or the numberof �seeker� households per million households in a state,the southern states are 51,399 compared to 60,584 forthe west and 61,674 for the north. In other words, thenorthern states have 1.28 times the all-India densitywhile the southern states are close to the average.

Maharashtra has the highest number of�seeker� households, and is home to 14 per cent ofthe country�s �seekers� (Table 1). This is followed byDelhi, which accounts for around 11.5 per cent ofthe all-India total, and then by Uttar Pradesh witha little under 10 per cent of the total. In terms of pop-ulation density, or the number of �seeker� households

per million households in the state, Delhi is, however,around six times as high as Maharashtra.

Pondicherry1 emerges as the fastest growtharea for �seekers�, while Madhya Pradesh has ac-tually seen a negative growth in the number of�seeker� households.

Delhi tops the list of the cities that has the max-imum number of �seeker� families (23 per cent of all�seekers� live in the capital), while Mumbai is second(15 per cent of all �seekers� live here). Delhi also has


(Figures in numbers, for 2001-02)Ranks States Number Per cent �Seekers�


1 Maharashtra 1,253,772 13.9 66,950

2 Delhi** 1,030,120 11.4 378,999

3 Uttar Pradesh*** 919,872 10.2 32,185

4 Andhra Pradesh 754,929 8.4 43,648

5 Tamil Nadu 620,878 6.9 44,590

6 Karnataka 592,385 6.6 58,897

7 Punjab 578,049 6.4 137,860

8 Haryana 544,462 6.0 156,905

9 Gujarat 508,247 5.6 53,629

10 Kerala 493,612 5.5 74,016

All India 9,033,993 100.0 48,004(including other states)

*Number of �seekers� households per million households in the state **For both urban and rural areas ***Includes UttaranchalAnnexure Tables 2.45 & 2.46

Table 1: Where the �seekers� live � I


Annexure Table 2.5

Chart 2: Locating the �seekers�


DISTRIBUTION IS THE KEYWith around 48 million consumers, the �seekers� form the

backbone of the Great Indian Middle Class, accounting

for over four-fifths of the category. While this class has

both the numbers and sufficient purchasing power,

accessing it is not as easy as is the case with some of the

higher income categories. Over 36 per cent of people in

the class are to be found in rural areas, and another 18

per cent in small towns with less than 5,00,000

inhabitants. For marketers, putting together a low-cost

but well-knit rural distribution network will be critical.

1Though a Union Territory, Pondicherry has been included in the category of ‘states’ as, unlike cities, it has both rural and urban areas

The Seekers

the highest �seeker� density at 3,92,674 such house-holds for every million households, a figure that ismore than double that of Mumbai (Table 3). Chandi-garh is number two with a density of 344,880.Among the industrial cluster towns, Tiruppur�s all-India ranking improves, and the hosiery exporter isranked 38th with almost 14,000 such households. Kotais ranked 60th and Moradabad 64th.

But while Delhi tops the list of cities, it isCochin that has the highest growth in the number of�seeker� households during this period (31.5 percent), followed by Chennai (26.4), Hyderabad (26.0),Coimbatore (25.6) and Vijayawada (25.6). Patna,

not surprisingly, is at thebottom of the heap, with anannual decline of 3.4 percent during this period.

Cochin, which is thehighest growth city, hasseen the number of �seeker�households leap from8,743 to 45,264, and thedensity from 32,881 to140,137 between 1995-96

and 2001-02.As in other cases, there is a sharp break in

1998-99 due to the economic slump. Surat, whichis the top growth state in the period 1995-96 to1998-99, suddenly slumps � from a growth ofover 52 per cent, growth drops to minus 5 per centin the 1998-99 to 2001-02 period. Ahmedabad,similarly, sees growth slump from 44 per cent toaround 5. Both Cochin and Hyderabad, though,manage to increase their growth rates from the firstperiod to the next.

While there has been a shift in the number of�seekers� living in urban areas, the increase is muchsmaller than that for higher income categories.While 35 per cent of all �seekers� lived in the top 24cities with population of over 1 million in 1995-96,this rose to 39 per cent by 2001-02.



Ranks States Number of Growth �Seekers� households between per in 1995-96 1995-96 and million*

2001-02 in 1995-96

1 Pondicherry 2,678 30.3 14,770

2 Kerala 101,775 30.1 17,396

3 Goa 9,330 29.9 38,313

4 Andhra Pradesh 206,946 24.1 13,579

5 Delhi 310,746 22.1 146,151

6 Haryana 167,600 21.7 53,992

7 Tamil Nadu 200,733 20.7 15,910

8 Chandigarh 21,667 20.7 130,229


10 Karnataka 218,809 18.1 24,035

11 Punjab 225,507 17.0 56,471

12 Gujarat 214,935 15.4 24,575

13 Meghalaya 6,020 14.6 16,747

14 Rajasthan 217,929 13.9 27,430

15 Maharashtra 606,274 12.9 36,165

16 Uttar Pradesh** 468,494 11.9 17,953

17 Orissa 89,200 7.4 15,115

18 Assam 76,133 5.9 18,339

19 West Bengal 348,392 3.6 24,633

20 Bihar** 162,168 2.1 11,150

21 Madhya Pradesh** 201,846 -0.3 16,013

*Number of �seekers� households per million households in the state**Uttar Pradesh includes Uttaranchal, Bihar includes Jharkhand andMadhya Pradesh includes Chhattisgarh

Table 2: Where the �seekers� multiply

(Figures in numbers, for 2001-02)Ranks Cities Number of households �Seekers� per million*

1 Delhi 969,120 392,674

2 Mumbai 636,322 183,062

3 Hyderabad 303,509 256,776

4 Chennai 278,661 187,650

5 Kolkata 277,755 95,416

6 Bangalore 167,669 137,999

7 Pune 141,316 176,424

8 Ahmedabad 108,875 111,897

9 Ludhiana 94,146 332,672

10 Coimbatore 65,778 195,186*Number of �seekers� households per million households in the cityAnnexure Tables 4.6 & 4.7

Table 3: Where the �seekers� live � II

While there hasbeen shift inthe number of�seekers� livingin urban areas,the increase ismuch smallerthan that forhigher incomecategories

IKE THE �SEEKERS�, THE �ASPIRERS�also represent a huge market, but withmore members of this class migrating tohigher income classes compared with thosecoming in, the growth in this segment hasbeen just a little over 6 per cent per year since1995-96 (Chart 1). Indeed, annual growthhas been progressively slowing, from 7.8per cent in the 1995-96 to 1998-99 period to4.4 in the 1998-99 to 2001-02 period.

While 22 per cent of all Indians are inthe �aspirer� class, the figure is much higherfor urban India (40 per cent) compared tothat for rural India (15 per cent).

There are 219 million �aspirers� in thecountry, up from 160 million in 1995-96. Over30 per cent of �aspirers� in 2001-02 are in the Rs 90,000 to Rs 1,35,000 annual income class.

By 2005-06, the number of �aspirer�households is projected to rise to 53.3 millionwith 286 million consumers, and by 2009-10,the total number of �aspirers� is expected togo up to roughly 405 million. The propor-

tion of �aspirers� living in rural areas is ex-pected to increase, from 49 per cent in2001-02 to 61per cent in 2009-10.

As in other income classes, a higher


Chapter 8

The Aspirers

L (Figures in �000)


Chart 1: Counting the �aspirers�

The Aspirers

proportion of people is found in rural areas andsmall towns. As many as 48 per cent of all �as-pirers� live in rural areas, and another 22 per centlive in small towns with less than 5,00,000 people.Under 15 per cent of �aspirers� live in big towns ofover 5 million inhabitants (Chart 2).

The southern states house the highest numberof �aspirers� in the country (28.9 per cent), fol-lowed by the north (28.6), and the west (26.4).The eastern region accounts for 16.1 per cent of thetotal �aspirer� population.

Maharashtra is the top state with 13.1 percent of the population, while Uttar Pradesh ac-counts for another 12, Andhra Pradesh for 10.4and Tamil Nadu for 8.4 (Table 1). Goa, which isnumber 21 on the list of the total number of�aspirers�, jumps to top position when it comes todensity of population, that is, the number of�aspirer� families per million households in astate. 4.3 out of every 10 Goanese have �aspirer�

incomes, and the figure is 4.1 for Chandigarh and3.8 for Delhi.

Pondicherry is the top growth area in the period1995-96 to 2001-02. Though, as is evident, the

growth rate is lower than that in other income categories. Pondicherry�s growth in the caseof the number of �aspirer� households is 12.3 per centcompared to a 30.3 per cent growth in the numberof �seeker� households during the same period.Tamil Nadu is ranked number two in terms ofgrowth, Andhra Pradesh 3rd, Orissa 4th, and

Haryana is 5th in the growth tables (Table 2).With several south Indian states showing a

higher growth in the 1995-96 to 2001-02 period, thesouth has seen the biggest change in its ranking.


(Figures in numbers, for 2001-02)Ranks States Number Per cent �Aspirers�


1 Maharashtra 5,416,799 13.1 289,251

2 Uttar Pradesh** 5,324,590 12.9 186,298

3 Andhra Pradesh 4,288,226 10.4 247,932

4 Tamil Nadu 3,449,722 8.4 247,753

5 Gujarat 2,951,618 7.2 311,451

6 West Bengal 2,910,429 7.1 186,770

7 Karnataka 2,444,509 5.9 243,041

8 Rajasthan 2,408,257 5.8 262,023

9 Madhya Pradesh** 2,140,987 5.2 144,417

10 Kerala 1,662,787 4.0 249,331All India 41,261,651 100 219,253(including other states)

*Number of �aspirer� households per million households in the state**Uttar Pradesh includes Uttaranchal and Madhya Pradesh includesChhattisgarh Annexure Table 2.43 &2.44

Table 1: Where the �aspirers� live � I


Annexure Table 2.5

Chart 2: Locating the �aspirers�


BANGALORE MEETS PATNAYou'd think that ex-Bihar chief minister Laloo Prasad

Yadav's daughter marrying an Infosysian from Bangalore

was about as close as the two cities could get. Well,

there's more. While Bangalore tops the list of cities that

have added 'aspirers' the fastest, it is closely followed by

Patna. Even more interesting, both cities have around half

their population in this income category, and even have

roughly the same 'density' of 'aspirer' households! The

difference, of course, is that Bangalore has a far lower

deprived population share (31 per cent versus 48) and

many more 'seekers' (14 per cent versus 3).

The Aspirers

From number three in 1995-96, with a 23 per centmarket share, the south is today the top zone for �as-pirers�. With one of the slowest growth rates inthe category, West Bengal slips, and Andhra movesup a notch.

Mumbai tops the list of cities that house themaximum number of �aspirers� (14.4 per cent),Kolkata is second (12.7 per cent) and Delhi isthird (7.5 per cent) (Table 3). Vadodara, which isnumber 12 on this list jumps to first position whenit comes to population density, with 6 out of every10 Vadodara citizens in the �aspirer� category.Coastal town Vishakhapatnam, which is ranked

15th with 1,67,900 suchhouseholds, is rankednumber two when it comesto the density of suchhouseholds � as in thecase of Vadodara, six outof every Vizag householdare �aspirer�. Guwahati, atown that normally doesn�tfigure in most rankings,has the third-highest densityof �aspirer� households.

Though Mumbai is thetop city in terms of the number of �aspirers�, Bangaloreis the fastest growing city with an annual growth of11.5 per cent between 1995-96 and 2001-02. Patna,which has never figured anywhere near the topgrowth cities, now makes it to second place, Ahmed-abad is 3rd, Chennai 4th and Indore 5th. Delhi is atthe bottom of the tables, with a 1.2 per cent annual de-cline, a sign of the capital�s increasing prosperity.

While the growth in the share of populationliving in 24 cities with a population of over 1 millionwas falling, from the �super rich� to the �seekers� cat-egory, in the case of �aspirers� the growth is actuallynegative. While a fourth of all �aspirers� lived in thesecities in 1995-96, by 2001-02 this proportion hadfallen to under 23 per cent.



Ranks States Number of Growth �Aspirers� households between per in 1995-96 1995-96 and million*

2001-02 in 1995-96

1 Pondicherry 34,748 12.3 191,637

2 Tamil Nadu 1,726,336 12.2 136,827

3 Andhra Pradesh 2,188,696 11.9 143,615

4 Orissa 557,415 9.5 94,455

5 Haryana 887,454 8.0 285,892

6 Kerala 1,092,269 7.3 186,692

7 Uttar Pradesh** 3,591,737 6.8 137,639

8 Karnataka 1,701,297 6.2 186,879

9 Gujarat 2,098,074 5.9 239,889

10 Maharashtra 3,866,478 5.8 230,641

11 Chandigarh 60,946 5.1 366,315

12 Punjab 1,147,847 5.0 287,440

13 Rajasthan 1,799,987 5.0 226,558

14 Madhya Pradesh** 1,610,986 4.9 127,805

15 Meghalaya 57,814 4.7 160,815

16 Goa 89,431 4.6 367,249


18 West Bengal 2,528,208 2.4 178,758

19 Assam 643,941 2.3 155,114

20 Bihar** 1,925,382 0.3 132,379

21 Delhi 1,067,199 -0.8 501,929

*Number of aspirer households per million households in the state**Uttar Pradesh includes Uttaranchal, Bihar includes Jharkhand andMadhya Pradesh Chhattisgarh

Table 2: Where the �aspirers� multiply

(Figures in numbers, for 2001-02)Ranks Cities Number of households �Aspirers� per million*

1 Mumbai 1,745,396 502,128

2 Kolkata 1,537,409 528,138

3 Delhi 911,547 369,346

4 Bangalore 630,632 519,038

5 Chennai 612,001 412,122

6 Hyderabad 598,354 506,221

7 Ahmedabad 520,188 534,623

8 Pune 447,146 558,235

9 Surat 343,686 554,332

10 Nagpur 201,008 453,743*Number of aspirer households per million households in the cityAnnexure Tables 4.4 & 4.5

Table 3: Where the �aspirers� live � II

Though Mumbaiis the top city interms of thenumber of�aspirers�,Bangalore is thefastest growingcity with anannual growthof 11.5 per centbetween 1995-96 and 2001-02


UMERICALLY, THIS IS THE LARGESTincome class, with close to 72 per cent of In-dians in this category. The class, which com-prises households that earn an annual incomebelow Rs 90,000, however, is not to be con-fused with the destitute or the poor, as it isa large buyer of low-value items. A sign of theeconomic progress that the country hasmade, perhaps, is that this class has been al-most stagnant since 1995-96 when therewere 131 million households in it (80 per centof India�s population).

In urban areas, in fact, the number ofhouseholds in the �deprived� category hasfallen by 2.9 per cent each year between1995-96 and 2001-02, while it grew 1.4 percent in rural areas.

In keeping with the falling trend inthe number of �deprived�, the fall in thiscategory is forecast to continue till the end ofthe decade. The annual rate of fall will bearound 5.8 per cent in the period 2001-02to 2005-06, by when the number of �de-

prived� households will be 132 million with714 million consumers. By 2009-10, thetotal number of �deprived� is expected todrop to 618 million (Chart 1).

Chapter 9

The Deprived

N (Figures in �000)


Chart 1: Counting the �deprived�

The Deprived

As in the case of other income classes, down theincome ladder, a higher proportion of people is to befound in rural areas and small towns (Chart 2). Asmany as 82 per cent of all �deprived� people live inrural areas, and another 11 per cent live in small townswith less than 5,00,000 people. Yet, while just 18per cent of those living in urban areas have an annualincome of below Rs 90,000, they comprise 46 per centof the total population in urban areas.

The eastern states top the charts and house 29.1per cent of the country�s �deprived�. The north isnumber two (28.8), the south 3rd (24.5) and the westhas the least share (17.5).

Uttar Pradesh is home to 15.6 per cent of thecountry�s �deprived� and Bihar to 9.1. Surprisingly,even rich states like Maharashtra figure quite highon the rankings � it is number 5 on the list, and ishome to 8.5 per cent of the �deprived� (Table 1).

Bihar has the highest density of �deprived�, with8.9 out of every 10 Bihari households in this category.

Delhi, which tops the rich list, is ranked 24th on the�deprived� list, with 9.6 of every 100 Delhi-house-hold earning less than Rs 90,000 a year in 2001-02.

While most states would give anything to come

down the honours list in this category, the easternzone made a dramatic advance � from number 3zone in 1995-96, it is number one in 2001-02. Thisis the only category in which states like Bihar,Orissa, Assam, and Madhya Pradesh emerge asthe fastest growing states. Chandigarh, Delhi andHaryana, emerge as the states showing the fastest de-

cline, a sign of their increasing prosperity (Table 2).With an annual growth of 4.7 per cent between

1995-96 and 2001-02, Bihar is the top growth state,and is followed by Orissa with just under 4 per cent.


(Figures in numbers, for 2001-02)Ranks States Number Per cent �Deprived�


1 Uttar Pradesh** 22,162,572 16.4 775,4302 Bihar** 16,374,640 12.1 882,3973 West Bengal 12,129,641 9.0 778,389 4 Andhra Pradesh 12,075,865 8.9 698,188 5 Maharashtra 11,551,339 8.5 616,828 6 Tamil Nadu 9,680,787 7.2 695,258 7 Madhya Pradesh** 12,452,939 9.2 839,9968 Karnataka 6,878,641 5.1 683,898 9 Orissa 6,631,633 4.9 855,805 10 Rajasthan 6,225,335 4.6 677,330

All India 135,378,057 100 719,361(including other states)

*Number of �aspirer� households per million households in the state**Uttar Pradesh includes Uttaranchal, Bihar includes Jharkhand andMadhya Pradesh includes Chhattisgarh Annexure Tables 2.41 & 2.42

Table 1: Where the �deprived� live � I


Annexure Table 2.5

Chart 2: Locating the �deprived�


WE�RE ALL DEPRIVEDUttar Pradesh, it comes as no surprise, is home to

15.6 per cent of all deprived Indians, but Maharashtra

with 8.5 per cent? This is India�s biggest conundrum:

you find SEC E households almost bang in the middle

of SEC A neighbourhoods. Indeed, while just 18 per cent

of the country�s �deprived� live in urban areas,

they comprise 46 per cent of the total population in

these areas � that is, 46 out of every 100 urban

households are likely to be �deprived�. Even for cities with

more than 5 million people, around a fourth of the

population is �deprived�.

The Deprived

Kolkata tops the cities with the maximumnumber of �deprived� (11 per cent of all �deprived�live in Kolkata), Mumbai is second (8.9), andChennai third (5.6).

In terms of population density, however,Madurai is the topper with 6.7 out of every 10 in-habitants of the city in the �deprived� category.Gorakhpur is number two, and 6.5 out of every 10 in-habitants are �deprived�. Not surprisingly, cities likeChandigarh and Jalandhar, which are ranked amongthe top in the rich income classes, are at the bottomof the table when it comes to the number of �deprived�households. Chandigarh is ranked 66th with 21,500

�deprived� households. Interms of density of suchhouseholds, Delhi is rankedlast, with 8 out of every 100households in Delhi be-longing to this category in2001-02 (Table 3).

With a 5 per cent an-nual increase between 1995-96 and 2001-02, Patna is thecountry�s top city when itcomes to growth in the

number of �deprived� households. Indore is next witha 1.8 per cent annual growth, Madurai third with 1.6per cent, and Lucknow fourth with 0.3 per cent.

Interestingly, the 5th city, Jaipur actually sawa fall, of 0.2 per cent annually, in the number of �de-prived� households during this period. EvenKolkata has seen a fall in the number of �deprived�households, by 0.4 per cent a year. Ludhiana hasseen the sharpest fall, by nearly 18 per cent a year,followed by Delhi�s 15 per cent plus.

As in the case of the �aspirer� class, the share ofthe top 24 cities with a population of over one mil-lion in the overall category has been declining. In1995-96, a little under 6 per cent of all �deprived�lived in these cities, and by 2001-02 this had fallento a little over 4 per cent.



Ranks States Number of Growth �Deprived� households between per in 1995-96 1995-96 and million*

2001-02 in 1995-96

1 Bihar** 12,433,320 4.7 854,851

2 Orissa 5,243,369 3.9 888,502

3 Assam 3,418,005 2.6 823,338

4 Madhya Pradesh** 10,768,044 2.5 854,268


6 Meghalaya 294,645 1.5 819,585

7 West Bengal 11,196,156 1.3 791,628

8 Rajasthan 5,892,967 0.9 741,727

9 Uttar Pradesh** 21,951,714 0.2 841,215

10 Karnataka 7,135,571 -0.6 783,806

11 Maharashtra 12,089,090 -0.8 721,131

12 Kerala 4,634,840 -0.8 792,191

13 Andhra Pradesh 12,797,579 -0.9 839,737

14 Gujarat 6,376,770 -1.4 729,105

15 Tamil Nadu 10,638,818 -1.6 843,221

16 Pondicherry 143,343 -3.2 790,538

17 Punjab 2,559,471 -4.8 640,934

18 Goa 142,528 -5.4 585,291

19 Haryana 2,005,790 -6.2 646,162

20 Delhi 634,797 -13.7 298,560

21 Chandigarh 77,160 -15.2 463,770

*Number of �deprived� households per million households in the state**Bihar includes Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh includes Chhattisgarh and Uttar Pradesh includes Uttaranchal

Table 2: Where the deprived multiply

(Figures in numbers, for 2001-02)Ranks Cities Number of households �Deprived� per million*

1 Kolkata 1,012,656 347,872

2 Mumbai 815,982 234,748

3 Chennai 515,330 347,024

4 Bangalore 374,619 308,329

5 Ahmedabad 307,547 316,081

6 Kanpur 248,325 507,822

7 Hyderabad 209,838 177,528

8 Surat 208,107 335,656

9 Delhi 197,929 80,198

10 Lucknow 185,109 447,123

*Number of �deprived� households per million households in the cityAnnexure Tables 4.2 & 4.3

Table 3: Where the �deprived� live � II

Even rich states likeMaharashtrafigure quitehigh on therankings � it isnumber 5 onthe list, and ishome to 8.5 percent of the�deprived�

PART FROM BEING THE MOST populous area in the country, the north is alsothe richest in terms of share of total in-come. The region accounts for 32 per centof the population and its share in total in-come in 2001-02 was 28.3 per cent. Sur-prisingly, it is the south, and not the west, thatis number two on the list, accounting for 27.5per cent of income compared to the re-gion�s population share of 22.2 (Table 1).

In per capita income terms, however, itis the west that comes out on top, followed by

the south, the north and the east.The north accounts for the highest

share of people in most income categoriesapart from the �super rich�, or �crorepati� cat-egory. The west is usually number two in theupper-income categories (it leads in the�super rich� category). The east leads in thecase of families that have an annual incomeof less than Rs 90,000 a year (the �de-prived�), and the south in the case of the �as-pirers�, or those earning between Rs 90,000and Rs 2 lakh a year (Chart 1).


Chapter 10

State of Income

A

(Figures for 2001-02)

Population share Household size Income share Per capita income(%) (in numbers) (%) (in Rs)

Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total

North 32.6 30.5 32.0 5.9 5.7 5.8 29.8 26.2 28.3 11,647 20,666 14,044

West 18.1 26.3 20.4 5.5 5.3 5.4 24.2 31.0 27.1 17,027 28,290 21,078

South 20.5 26.6 22.2 4.6 4.7 4.6 26.2 29.2 27.5 16,254 26,357 19,627

East 28.8 16.6 25.4 5.4 5.3 5.4 19.7 13.6 17.2 8,697 19,785 10,713

India 100 100 100 5.4 5.2 5.3 100 100 100 12,715 24,040 15,872

Table 1: Zonal share of population and income


State of Income

Yet, when the impact of population is re-moved, the western states tend to be the richest interms of rich households per million households inthe region (Chart 2).

In almost all income classes, except for the�super rich�, growth has been the highest in thesouthern states. The �super rich� grew by 26.6 percent annually in the north between 1995-96 and2001-02, compared to 26.2 in the south. In thecase of the �sheer rich�, however, the south saw an an-nual growth of 25.5 per cent against 24.7 for thenorth (Table 2).

Even in the case of the �deprived� households, itwas in the south that the highest decline (1.1 percent per annum) took place. The number of familiesearning under Rs 90,000 (this was equal to Rs 50,000in 1995-96 at that year�s prices) was 35.4 million in thesouthern region in 1995-96. By 2001-02, this numberfell to 33.2 million. In contrast, the number of �de-prived� families grew by 3.2 per cent annually in theeast, from 32.6 million to 39.5 million.

While both urban and rural incomes havegone up, the urban areas in all zones have seen thehighest growth rates. In the case of the �superrich�, urban growth was 26 per cent compared

with rural growth of 24.7per cent between 1995-96and 2001-02. And in thecase of the �deprived� fami-lies, while there was a 2.9per cent annual fall in thenumbers living in urbanareas, there was a 1.4 percent increase in the num-

bers for rural areas. Even in the east, which has seenthe largest growth in �deprived� families, there wasvirtual stagnation in urban areas, while in the ruraleast, there was a 3.7 per cent annual increase between1995-96 and 2001-02.

With economic growth varying across states andthe better ones doing better, income growth variesin a similar manner. If the states were to be cate-gorised into three groups, with Group I havingthe lowest income levels and Group III the highest,fewer numbers of rich are to be found in Group Istates, and the figure is declining. For the �super rich�,the share of Group I states fell from 5.2 per cent in1995-96 to 3.6 in 2001-02, for �sheer rich� it fell from8.3 to 5.9, for the �clear rich� it fell from 12.4 to 8.8,and so on. In 1995-96, Group I states accounted for

In almost allincome classes,except for the�super rich�,growth hasbeen thehighest in thesouthern states

Annexure Tables 2.1, 3.37, 3.57, 3.81, 3.109

Chart 1: Income patterns by region

(Per cent share of households in different income classes, in 2001-02)

(Number of �000 households per million households in state, in different income classes, 2001-02)

Annexure Tables 3.39, 3.59, 3.83, 3.111

Chart 2: Population density by income class in different regions


State of Income

45.7 per cent of India�s �deprived� classes, and thisrose to 50.3 by 2001-02.

While relative shares of Group II states were al-most unchanged, there was an improvement inthe Group III numbers. The proportion of �deprived�fell from 18.3 per cent of the all-India figures in 1995-96 to 15.7 in 2001-02. The proportion of �super rich�rose from 78.8 to 80.9, the �sheer rich� from 72.1 to74.3, and so on.

Uttar Pradesh is the most populous state in thecountry, but Maharashtra is the largest market � in2001-02, the state accounted for 15.1 per cent of totalincome in the country, while Uttar Pradesh ac-counted for a much lower 10.3 per cent.

While Maharashtra continues to be thecountry�s top-ranked state in all income categories,except in the case of the �deprived� where the num-bers for Uttar Pradesh are double, it no longerleads in terms of growth rates. In the case of �superrich�, for instance, the highest increase in thenumber between 1995-96 and 2001-02 has takenplace in Chandigarh, which grew 29.5 per centcompared to Maharashtra�s 25.6 � at 27.5, evenDelhi grew faster than Maharashtra.

In the case of growth of the �sheer rich�, it is

(Figures in per cent, income in Rs �000 per annum at 2001-02 prices)

Deprived Aspirers Seekers Strivers Near Rich Clear Rich Sheer Rich Super Rich Total<90 90 - 200 200-500 500-1000 1000-2000 2000-5000 5000-10000 >10000

NORTH 0.1 5.4 15.7 18.7 20.7 22.7 24.7 26.6 2.0Urban -2.8 5.2 19.5 21.3 22.6 23.9 25.2 26.7 2.3Rural 0.8 5.6 11.2 14.6 17.2 19.9 22.8 25.9 1.9WEST -0.5 5.6 13.8 15.9 17.8 19.9 22.4 25.6 1.9Urban -3.2 5.4 14.7 16.7 18.4 20.4 22.7 25.8 2.0Rural 0.5 5.9 12.2 13.9 15.5 17.4 19.8 22.6 1.8SOUTH -1.1 10.0 22.5 23.1 23.7 24.5 25.5 26.2 1.9Urban -4.6 11.0 23.9 24.4 24.8 25.4 26.1 26.5 2.8Rural 0.1 8.7 19.9 20.0 20.5 21.3 22.7 24.7 1.5EAST 3.2 2.6 4.2 7.2 10.0 13.3 17.3 21.5 3.2Urban 0.5 3.2 3.3 7.0 10.0 13.4 17.5 21.6 1.7Rural 3.7 1.9 5.3 7.8 10.1 12.8 16.2 19.8 3.5ALL INDIA 0.5 6.1 15.1 17.5 19.3 21.3 23.4 25.8 2.2Urban -2.8 6.5 17.2 18.8 20.3 21.9 23.7 26.0 2.3Rural 1.4 5.7 12.2 14.7 16.8 19.1 21.8 24.7 2.2

Table 2: Annual growth in number of households in different income classes � 1995-96 to 2001-02

(Figures in per cent, income in Rs �000 per annum at 2001-02 prices)Population Income

Rural Urban Total Rural Urban TotalHaryana 2.1 2.2 2.1 3.7 2.7 3.3Himachal Pradesh 0.8 0.2 0.6 1.0 0.3 0.7Chhattisgarh 2.3 1.5 2.1 2.1 1.0 1.6Madhya Pradesh 6.1 5.7 6.0 5.2 3.6 4.5Punjab 2.2 2.9 2.4 4.1 3.8 3.9Uttar Pradesh 18.1 12.3 16.5 12.8 6.8 10.3Uttaranchal 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.4 0.3 0.4Chandigarh 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.5 0.2Delhi 0.1 4.6 1.4 0.4 7.4 3.4NORTH 32.6 30.5 32.0 29.8 26.2 28.3Gujarat 4.4 6.7 5.0 5.8 7.7 6.6Rajasthan 6.0 4.7 5.6 6.3 3.2 5.0Maharashtra 7.7 14.6 9.6 12.0 19.5 15.1Goa 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.6 0.4WEST 18.1 26.3 20.4 24.2 31.0 27.1Andhra Pradesh 7.6 7.3 7.5 8.8 8.1 8.5Karnataka 4.8 6.4 5.2 5.7 6.6 6.1Kerala 3.2 2.9 3.2 4.9 3.6 4.4Tamil Nadu 4.8 9.7 6.2 6.8 10.4 8.3Pondicherry 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.2SOUTH 20.5 26.6 22.2 26.2 29.2 27.5Assam 3.2 1.2 2.6 2.5 0.9 1.8Bihar 10.2 3.1 8.2 4.3 1.0 2.9Jharkhand 2.9 2.1 2.7 1.0 0.6 0.9Meghalaya 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2Orissa 4.3 2.0 3.6 3.2 1.2 2.4West Bengal 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.4 9.8 9.0EAST 28.8 16.6 25.4 19.7 13.6 17.2INDIA 100 100 100 100 100 100

Table 3: Statewise distribution of estimated population and income (2001-02)


State of Income

Pondicherry that is ranked the top, at 29.7 percent and Goa second with a 27.8 per cent growth(Table 5). And while Uttar Pradesh has the max-imum number of �deprived� (Table 4), it is notone of the fastest growing states � indeed, the

number of �deprived� families in Uttar Pradeshhas almost stagnated between 1995-96 and 2001-02.Bihar emerges on top in this case, with the numberof �deprived� families growing at an annual rate of4.7 per cent (5 per cent for rural Bihar).

(Number of households in each income category, in 2001-02 in �000, income in Rs �000 per annum at 2001-02 prices)

Deprived Aspirers Seekers Strivers Near Rich Clear Rich Sheer Rich Super Rich Total<90 90-200 200-500 500-1000 1000-2000 2000-5000 5000-10000 >10000

Haryana 1,364.0 1,408.6 544.5 105.7 32.9 11.4 2.0 0.8 3,470

Himachal Pradesh 848.9 291.5 67.0 10.8 2.9 0.8 0.1 neg 1,222

Madhya Pradesh* 12,452.9 2,141.0 198.5 25.4 5.6 1.4 0.2 neg 14,825

Punjab 1,901.7 1,535.9 578.0 119.6 39.3 14.5 2.8 1.2 4,193

Uttar Pradesh* 22,162.6 5,324.6 919.9 131.9 32.1 8.5 1.1 0.3 28,581

Chandigarh 28.7 82.3 66.9 15.1 5.3 2.1 0.4 0.2 201

Delhi 262.1 1,019.3 1,030.1 254.0 96.4 41.5 9.4 5.2 2,718

NORTH 39,020.8 11,803.2 3,405.0 662.5 214.5 80.2 16.0 7.8 55,210

Gujarat 5,862.2 2,951.6 508.2 104.4 34.3 12.7 2.4 1.1 9,477

Maharashtra 11,551.3 5,416.8 1,253.8 311.7 120.3 53.2 12.5 7.3 18,727

Rajasthan 6,225.3 2,408.3 475.3 63.0 14.7 3.8 0.5 0.1 9,191

Goa 101.9 117.0 44.8 7.5 2.1 0.6 0.1 neg 274

WEST 23,740.9 10,893.7 2,282.1 486.6 171.3 70.3 15.5 8.6 37,669

Andhra Pradesh 12,075.9 4,288.2 754.9 128.0 35.7 11.0 1.7 0.6 17,296

Karnataka 6,878.6 2,444.5 592.4 101.5 29.2 9.5 1.6 0.6 10,058

Kerala 4,414.8 1,662.8 493.6 73.0 18.6 5.3 0.8 0.3 6,669

Tamil Nadu 9,680.8 3,449.7 620.9 119.7 37.1 12.8 2.2 0.9 13,924

Pondicherry 118.3 69.8 13.1 2.0 0.5 0.2 neg neg 204

SOUTH 33,168.4 11,915.1 2,474.9 424.1 121.1 38.7 6.3 2.4 48,151

Assam 3,990.4 737.1 107.4 17.6 4.8 1.5 0.2 0.1 4,859

Bihar* 16,374.6 1,964.8 183.6 25.6 6.3 1.7 0.3 0.1 18,557

Meghalaya 321.7 76.3 13.7 1.8 0.4 0.1 neg neg 414

Orissa 6,631.6 961.0 136.7 15.3 3.3 0.8 0.1 neg 7,749

West Bengal 12,129.6 2,910.4 430.5 78.4 23.8 8.2 1.5 0.6 15,583

EAST 39,448.0 6,649.7 871.9 138.6 38.6 12.3 2.1 0.8 47,162

ALL INDIA 135,378.1 41,261.7 9,034.0 1,711.7 545.5 201.5 39.9 19.6 188,192

*Uttar Pradesh includes Uttaranchal, Bihar includes Jharkhand and Madhya Pradesh includes Chhattisgarh (neg: negligible, as numbers are in �000s)

Table 4: Income patterns by states


State of Income

(Figures in per cent per annum)


Haryana -6.2 8.0 21.7 23.0 24.0 25.1 26.2 27.1 1.9

Himachal Pradesh 2.3 4.5 19.2 19.7 20.2 20.7 21.4 22.0 3.5

Madhya Pradesh* 2.5 4.9 -0.3 4.2 7.9 11.9 16.7 20.6 2.7

Punjab -4.8 5.0 17.0 18.9 20.5 22.2 24.1 26.1 0.8

Uttar Pradesh* 0.2 6.8 11.9 12.8 13.6 14.4 15.4 15.9 1.5

Chandigarh -15.2 5.1 20.7 22.5 24.0 25.6 27.5 29.5 3.2

Delhi -13.7 -0.8 22.1 23.2 24.1 25.1 26.1 27.5 4.2

NORTH 0.1 5.4 15.7 18.7 20.7 22.7 24.7 26.6 2.0

Gujarat -1.4 5.9 15.4 17.6 19.4 21.3 23.5 25.8 1.3

Maharashtra -0.8 5.8 12.9 15.3 17.4 19.7 22.2 25.6 1.9

Rajasthan 0.9 5.0 13.9 15.4 16.7 18.2 19.9 21.2 2.5

Goa -5.4 4.6 29.9 29.2 28.7 28.2 27.8 26.9 2.0

WEST -0.5 5.6 13.8 15.9 17.8 19.9 22.4 25.6 1.9

Andhra Pradesh -1.0 11.9 24.1 24.6 25.2 25.7 26.4 26.7 2.1

Karnataka -0.6 6.2 18.1 19.4 20.6 22.0 23.6 25.1 1.7

Kerala -0.8 7.3 30.1 28.7 27.9 27.4 27.1 26.7 2.2

Tamil Nadu -1.6 12.2 20.7 22.1 23.2 24.3 25.6 26.6 1.7

Pondicherry -3.1 12.3 30.3 30.5 30.5 30.2 29.7 28.4 2.0

SOUTH -1.1 10.0 22.5 23.1 23.7 24.5 25.5 26.2 1.9

Assam 2.6 2.3 5.9 9.5 12.3 15.3 18.6 21.4 2.7

Bihar* 4.7 0.3 2.1 5.4 8.3 11.6 15.7 19.6 4.1

Meghalaya 1.5 4.7 14.6 14.5 15.1 16.2 18.1 19.8 2.4

Orissa 4.0 9.5 7.4 9.0 10.8 13.1 16.3 19.6 4.6

West Bengal 1.3 2.4 3.6 6.9 9.9 13.4 17.5 21.9 1.6

EAST 3.2 2.6 4.2 7.2 10.0 13.3 17.3 21.5 3.2

ALL INDIA 0.5 6.1 15.1 17.5 19.3 21.3 23.4 25.8 2.2

*Uttar Pradesh includes Uttaranchal, Bihar includes Jharkhand and Madhya Pradesh includes Chhattisgarh

Table 5: Growth in income classes in each state � 1995-96 to 2001-02

ITH AN AVERAGE PER CAPITA INCOMEof Rs 14,044, the north lags the country�s av-erage by 11 per cent. Since, however, thenorthern states are the most populous (32per cent of the population lives here), the re-gion has the highest share of the country�sincome, at 28.3 per cent (Chart 1). The region,however, is extremely disparate, and annual percapita income levels range from Rs 9,881 inUttar Pradesh to Rs 44,225 in Chandigarh.

Though the northern states have thelargest number of rich households, the westleads when it comes to the density of suchhouseholds. At 142 �super rich� households permillion households, the north is far below thewest�s 228. Similarly, at 290 �sheer rich�households per million households, it is somedistance away from the west�s 412. Thenorthern states have the country�s highestgrowth in the �super rich� category over the pe-riod 1995-96 to 2001-02. In other rich categories,however, the south fares better, and the northis left with the number two slot (Table 1).


Chapter 11

Northern India

W

Annexure Tables 2.1, 3.37

Chart 1: Zone�s share in all-India income

(Number of households in zone to all-India, in per cent)


Northern India

A. DELHI

Rich, richer

WHILE DELHI ACCOUNTED FOR 3.4 PER CENTof income in the country in 2001-02, and over afourth of its �super rich�, the capital also has thehighest concentration of �super rich� households inevery million households in the state. Indeed, with a27.5 per cent growth in the number of �super rich� be-tween 1995-96 and 2001-02, Delhi has also one of thehighest growth rates in the country in this category(Table 1). Over 5 per cent of Delhi�s population hasan annual family income of over Rs 10 lakh a year.

After Chandigarh, Delhi has shown the largestfall in the number of �deprived�, with the numberof such households falling 13.7 per cent everyyear between 1995-96 and 2001-02. As a result, whileDelhi was home to 0.5 per cent of all �deprived� in1995-96, under 0.2 per cent of the country�s �de-prived� lived in Delhi in 2001-02 (Chart 1).

There has been little change in Delhi�s relativerankings over the period 1995-96 to 2001-02

GROWING EQUITY

The country�s capital continues to be itsrichest area. Second only to Maharashtra in thenumber of rich households, once the popu-lation impact is removed, it has the highestnumber of rich households per million house-holds in the country. The state has one ofthe most equitable income structures in thecountry, and the lowest number of �deprived�

households as a proportion of the total number of households in thestate. Under 10 per cent of its population is �deprived� and overfive per cent has an annual household income of Rs 10 lakh a year.

VITAL STATISTICS (Figures for 2001-02) RankTotal households (�000) 2,718 18Share of rural households 9.20 24Estimated per capita income (PCI) in Rs 38,864 3Ratio of urban to rural PCI 1.66 7Deprived households (�000) 262 21Aspirer households (�000) 1,019 14Middle class households (�000) 1,284 2Rich households (�000) 152 2Density of deprived households 96,426 24Density of aspirer households 375,029 4Density of middle class households 472,455 1Density of rich households 56,090 1

(Density equals number of households in income class per million households)

Income class 1995-96 2001-02Deprived <90 1 2Aspirers 90-200 1 2Seekers 200-500 1 1Strivers 500-1000 1 1Near Rich 1000-2000 1 1Clear Rich 2000-5000 2 1Sheer Rich 5000-10000 2 1Super Rich >10000 2 2

Table 2: Zone�s income-class ranking (Ranking based on number of households in each income category,income in Rs �000 per annum at 2001-02 prices)

Income class 1995-96 2001-02 Growth (%)Deprived <90 38,738.6 39,020.8 0.1Aspirers 90 - 200 8,590.4 11,803.2 5.4Seekers 200-500 1,419.3 3,405.0 15.7Strivers 500-1000 237.4 662.5 18.7Near Rich 1000-2000 69.2 214.5 20.7Clear Rich 2000-5000 23.5 80.2 22.7Sheer Rich 5000-10000 4.3 16.0 24.7Super Rich >10000 1.9 7.8 26.6

Total 49,084.6 55,210.0 2.0Annexure Table 3.37

Table 1: Change in income classes

(Income in Rs �000 per annum at 2001-02 prices, households in �000)

Annexure Table 3.39

Chart 2: Change in income density

(Number of households per million households in each income class)


Northern India

(Table 2). For all categories of the rich, the state hasbeen ranked number two consistently. For aspirers,it has moved one rank lower.

With the number of �deprived� householdsfalling over the years, their density, or the numberof �deprived� households per million households inthe state, has also dropped to almost a third. In con-trast, the density for the �super rich� has almostgone up four times (Chart 2). In other words,while 30 per cent of Delhi�s population was �deprived�

in 1995-96, this was down to under 10 per cent by2001-02. The proportion of �aspirers� also fell from50 to 38 per cent, and the number of �seekers�climbed from 14 to 38 per cent.

Delhi�s population has been quite stable be-tween urban and rural areas, with over 90 percent of Delhi living in urban areas. However, theurban-rural share has changed in the lower in-come classes, though it has remained constant in therich classes (Chart 3).


Table 2: Delhi�s ranking

(All-India ranking based on number of households in each income class,income in Rs '000 per annum at 2001-02 prices)

Income class 1995-96 2001-02 Growth (%)Deprived <90 634.8 262.1 (13.7)Aspirers 90 - 200 1,067.2 1,019.3 (0.8)Seekers 200-500 310.7 1,030.1 22.1 Strivers 500-1000 72.7 254.0 23.2 Near Rich 1000-2000 26.4 96.4 24.1 Clear Rich 2000-5000 10.9 41.5 25.1 Sheer Rich 5000-10000 2.3 9.4 26.1 Super Rich >10000 1.2 5.2 27.5

Total 2,126.2 2,718.0 4.2 Annexure Table 3.33

Table 1: Change in income classes (Income in Rs �000 per annum at 2001-02 prices, households in �000)


Chart 1: Share in all-India income categories

(Number of households in state to all-India, in per cent)

Annexure Table 3.33

Chart 3: Urban share of population

(All figures in per cent)

Annexure Table 3.35


(Number of families in income class per million households)


Northern India

B. HARYANA

�Crorepati� crowds

WHILE HARYANA ACCOUNTS FOR 3.3 PERcent of income in the country in 2001-02, and a littleover 4 per cent of the country�s �super rich� or�crorepatis� and 5 per cent of the �sheer rich�, it is amongthe high-growth states on this account (Table 1).Indeed, the number of �super rich� in Haryanaalone is greater than in the entire eastern belt. Formost of the rich categories, from the �sheer rich� tothe �near rich�, Haryana�s numbers are marginallylower than those for the entire eastern region. Likeother prosperous states, it has shown a high re-duction in the number of �deprived� householdsover 1995-96 to 2001-02 � only Delhi and Chandi-garh have shown faster rates of decline.

As a result of these changes in income demo-graphics, the state�s ranking has steadily improvedover the years (Table 2). While it has always beenranked 6th in the �super rich� slot, it was ranked 7thin the �sheer rich� category in 1995-96 � this has im-

proved to 6th place in 2001-02. For the �clear rich�,the state�s ranking has improved from 8th to 6th, andfrom 10th to 7th for the �near rich�.

With the number of �deprived� householdsfalling over the years, their density, or the numberof �deprived� households per million households inthe state, has also dropped 40 per cent while thedensity for �super rich� has gone up almost fourtimes (Chart 2). In other words, while 65 per centof Haryana�s population was in the �deprived� cat-egory in 1995-96, this fell to under 40 within just sixyears. And the number of �seekers� is up from 5 to16 per cent.

Though Haryana has a lower per capita thanPunjab, and the density of the rich is also lower, itsgrowth is much higher. During the period 1995-96to 2001-02, the density of the �super rich� in Punjabrose 3.9 times versus 3.8 for Haryana, but in eachother category of rich, Haryana was the leader. It�s�clear rich� density rose 3.6 times versus Punjab�s 3.5




RICH FARMLAND

Though not as rich as Punjab in terms of itsshare of the all-India pie, Haryana is severalranks ahead of its agrarian rival when itcomes to the growth in the number of richhouseholds. In the case of �crorepatis�, forinstance, the state has the 4th fastest growthstates (the top three were tiny states likeDelhi) while Punjab was ranked number 9. As

a result, while the two states had a similar income structure in1995-96, by 2001-02, Haryana�s was more equitable. Rural Haryanais richer than rural Punjab.

VITAL STATISTICS (Figures for 2001-02) RankTotal households (�000) 3,470 17Share of rural households 69.71 15Estimated per capita income (PCI) in Rs 24,942 7Ratio of urban to rural PCI 1.29 22Deprived households (�000) 1,364 17Aspirer households (�000) 1,409 12Middle class households (�000) 650 8Rich households (�000) 47 7Density of deprived households 393,088 21Density of aspirer households 405,948 3Density of middle class households 187,378 4Density of rich households 13,586 4



Northern India

and that for the near rich rose 3.3 times versusPunjab�s 2.9.

Close to 30 per cent of Haryana�s populationremains urban, though with the cities doing better, theshare of urban population is higher in the higher in-come classes (Chart 3). Over 80 per cent of all �de-prived� households in Haryana live in rural areas, asdo 64 per cent of all �aspirers�, and 61 per cent of all�seekers�. Interestingly, Haryana has more �superrich� living in rural areas (nearly 59 per cent), in

keeping with its predominantly agrarian back-ground. Even within the towns, 70 per cent ofHaryana�s �super rich� live in small towns with less than5,00,000 inhabitants. Similarly, a little over 70 per centof the state�s �sheer rich� live in such towns (Table 3).

Given the state�s rural bias and high farmgrowth, not surprisingly, it has amongst the highestgrowth rates in rural areas in the entire country.Haryana�s growth in all income categories is higherthan that of Punjab, its traditional rival.


Table 2: Haryana�s ranking


Income class 1995-96 2001-02 Growth (%)Deprived <90 2,005.8 1,364.0 -6.2Aspirers 90 - 200 887.5 1,408.6 8.0Seekers 200-500 167.6 544.5 21.7Strivers 500-1000 30.6 105.7 23.0Near Rich 1000-2000 9.1 32.9 24.0Clear Rich 2000-5000 3.0 11.4 25.1Sheer Rich 5000-10000 0.5 2.0 26.2Super Rich >10000 0.2 0.8 27.1



Annexure Table 3.3



Income class 1 - 2 Below 0.5 Rural Totalmillion million

Deprived <90 29.3 237.6 1,097.1 1,364.0Aspirers 90-200 81.5 428.1 899.0 1,408.6Seekers 200-500 62.4 151.2 330.9 544.5Strivers 500-1000 12.3 29.7 63.8 105.7Near Rich 1000-2000 3.9 9.3 19.7 32.9Clear Rich 2000-5000 1.3 3.3 6.8 11.4Sheer Rich 5000-10000 0.2 0.6 1.2 2.0Super Rich >10000 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.8

Total 191.0 860.0 2,419.0 3,470.0Note: Haryana has no towns with a population greater than 2 million.Nor does it have any with a population of between 5 lakh and a millionAnnexure Table 3.113

Table 3: Distribution of urban population by town size(Income in Rs �000 per annum at 2001-02 prices, households in �000)

Annexure Table 3.1




Northern India

C. HIMACHAL PRADESH

Pygmy woes

THOUGH HIMACHAL PRADESH IS A PYGMYcompared with states like Haryana and Punjab, itcompares well with a much larger MadhyaPradesh when it comes to the number of �super rich�and �sheer rich�. And when it comes to the popu-lation density, it fares much better than MadhyaPradesh or Uttar Pradesh in all categories exceptfor the �deprived�.

In the case of the �super rich�, for instance,the state has 33 such households per million house-holds against 11 in Uttar Pradesh and 3 in MadhyaPradesh. It�s 100 versus 39 and 11 in the case of the�sheer rich�, and 686 versus 298 and 91 in the case ofthe �clear rich�. In the case of the �deprived�, while 7out of every 10 Himachali households fall in this cat-egory, this compares with 7.7 in the case of UttarPradesh and 8.4 in the case of Madhya Pradesh.

In other words, for marketers looking for the�super rich�, the �sheer rich�, or �strivers� and �seekers�

the chances of finding them in Himachal Pradesh aremuch higher than in states like Uttar Pradesh orMadhya Pradesh. Himachal, however, has seen a 2.3per cent annual increase in the number of �de-prived� households between 1995-96 and 2001-02.Even so, just 0.6 per cent of the country�s �deprived�live in the state (Chart 1).

There has been a marginal improvement in thestate�s relative ranking. In the case of �super rich� and�sheer rich�, the state had an all-India ranking ofnumber 18 in 1995-96, and this improved to 17thin 2001-02 (Table 2).

With the number of �deprived� householdsincreasing, unlike states like Delhi and Haryana, Hi-machal hasn�t seen any dramatic change in itspopulation density for the �deprived� (Chart 2).Seventy five per cent of the state�s householdsearned below Rs 90,000 per annum in 1995-96 (at2001-02 prices), and this fell to just under 70 in2001-02. The proportion of �aspirers� has also




UPHILL CLIMB

Though sandwiched by some of the country�srichest states, Himachal Pradesh remains oneof the poorest performers among the smallerstates. If it looks good in comparison withstates like Uttar Pradesh and MadhyaPradesh, this is more a reflection on themthan on Himachal. It is one of the top fivestates in terms of an increase in the number of

�deprived� households between 1995-96 and 2001-02. At Rs 18,920,the state�s annual per capita income is much lower than that ofPunjab or Haryana, but almost double that for Uttar Pradesh.

VITAL STATISTICS (Figures for 2001-02) RankTotal households (�000) 1,222 20Share of rural households 88.54 2Estimated per capita income (PCI) in Rs 18,920 11Ratio of urban to rural PCI 1.84 2Deprived households (�000) 849 19Aspirer households (�000) 291 20Middle class households (�000) 78 20Rich households (�000) 4 18Density of deprived households 694,649 13Density of aspirer households 224,524 14Density of middle class households 63,663 11Density of rich households 3,164 12



Northern India

been stagnant, the number of �seekers� has gone upalmost two-and-a-half times from 2.3 per cent to 5.5 per cent.

Over 11 per cent of Himachal�s population isurban, and the figure is growing slowly (Table 3).Like most other states, the share of urban population

has gone up in the higher income categories (Chart3). Just 6.5 per cent of all �deprived� Himachalis livein urban areas, while for the rest of the income cat-egories, the figure ranges between 20 and 25 percent � 22 per cent of the state�s �super rich�, for in-stance, live in urban areas.


Table 2: Himachal�s ranking


Income class 1995-96 2001-02 Growth (%)Deprived <90 741.6 848.9 2.3Aspirers 90 - 200 224.3 291.5 4.5Seekers 200-500 23.4 67.0 19.2Strivers 500-1000 3.7 10.8 19.7Near Rich 1000-2000 1.0 2.9 20.2Clear Rich 2000-5000 0.3 0.8 20.7Sheer Rich 5000-10000 0.04 0.1 21.4Super Rich >10000 0.01 0.04 22.0

Total 994.2 1,222.0 3.5Annexure Table 3.5


Annexure Table 3.7



Income class 0.5-1 Rural Totalmillion

Deprived <90 54.8 794.0 848.9Aspirers 90-200 63.4 228.1 291.5Seekers 200-500 18.1 49.0 67.0Strivers 500-1000 2.8 8.0 10.8Near Rich 1000-2000 0.7 2.1 2.9Clear Rich 2000-5000 0.2 0.6 0.8Sheer Rich 5000-10000 0.03 0.09 0.12Super Rich >10000 0.01 0.03 0.04Total 140.0 1,082.0 1,222.0(neg: negligible) Annexure Table 3.117


Annexure Table 3.5




Northern India

D. MADHYA PRADESH

At a standstill

TRADITIONALLY ONE OF THE BIMARU1

states, it is hardly surprising that the growth ofMadhya Pradesh in terms of various types of richhouseholds has been amongst the slowest in thecountry. In the category of �super rich�, MadhyaPradesh was the 5th from the bottom in terms ofgrowth in the number of households between 1995-96 and 2001-02. In the case of the growth in the �sheerrich� it was 4th from the bottom. For the �near rich�,�strivers� and �seekers�, Madhya Pradesh had thelowest growth among the Indian states. Even Biharhas more �super rich� � indeed, the same applies toany type of rich households � than the state.

Interestingly, despite its per capita income being2.1 times that of Bihar, Madhya Pradesh�s income den-sity is still poor. Madhya Pradesh is ranked 23rd in

terms of density of its �super rich�, but Bihar is 24. Dittoin the case of the middle class. While MadhyaPradesh�s per capita income is 1.2 times that of UttarPradesh, UP consistently beats it in these rankings. In-terestingly, in this sea of stagnation, the highestgrowth within the state has come from the higher in-come classes. Yet, the state�s share in the all-India piehas actually dropped in most of the rich categories �while 0.3 per cent of the country�s �super rich� lived inMadhya Pradesh in 1995-96, this fell to 0.2 in 2001-02. While over 8 per cent of the country�s �deprived�households lived in Madhya Pradesh in 1995-96,this rose to over 9 per cent in 2001-02 (Chart 1).

The state, unsurprisingly, has a pretty poor all-India ranking (Table 2). It is ranked 16th in the case ofthe �super rich� and �sheer� rich, its ranking for the �clearrich� has fallen from 14th in 1995-96 to 16th in 2001-02. The rankings have only improved in the case of the

Annexure Tables 2.1, 3.9, 3.13



POOREST STATE

Former Madhya Pradesh Chief MinisterDigvijay Singh used to be fond of fobbingoff critics by saying that Maharashtra minusMumbai was equal to Madhya Pradesh. This,however, is untrue � while Madhya Pradeshis home to 0.2 per cent of the country�s�crorepatis�, Maharashtra minus Mumbai washome to almost 15 per cent (for the �de-

prived�, the figures are the other way around, at 9 and 8 per cent. Thestate has the country�s lowest density of all categories of rich, exceptin the case of the �near rich� where Bihar is lower.

VITAL STATISTICS (Figures for 2001-02) RankTotal households (�000) 10,742 7Share of rural households 74.56 11Estimated per capita income (PCI) in Rs 11,856 18Ratio of urban to rural PCI 1.25 23Deprived households (�000) 8,886 7Aspirer households (�000) 1,696 9Middle class households (�000) 155 13Rich households (�000) 5 15Density of deprived households 827,238 5Density of aspirer households 157,873 19Density of middle class households 14,427 23Density of rich households 462 23

(Density equals number of households in income class in per million households)

1 An acronym for Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh, India’s most backward states


Northern India

�aspirers� (from 10 to 9) and in the �deprived� (6 to 3).In this state of poor growth, not surprisingly,

there has been little change in the state�s income de-mographics. A little over 85 per cent of all MadhyaPradesh households were in the �deprived� category in1995-96, and this barely changed, at 84 per cent in 2001-02. The number of �seekers� actually fell, and the �den-sity� has also declined, making it that much more difficultto find �seekers� in the state (Table 1).

Under a fourth of Madhya Pradesh is ur-

banised, a figure in keeping with the trend formost large states, and there are few changes inmost income categories (Chart 3). While few ofthe poor in Madhya Pradesh are to be found in cities(only 19 per cent of the �deprived� live in urbanareas), few of the rich are to be found in ruralareas (a little over 30 per cent of the �super rich� livein rural areas). And within the �super rich� living inurban areas, 10 per cent live in towns with lessthan 5,00,000 people (Table 3).




Annexure Table 3.9, 3.13




Table 2: Madhya Pradesh�s ranking


Income class 1995-96 2001-02 Growth (%)Deprived <90 10,768.0 12,452.9 2.5Aspirers 90 - 200 1,611.0 2,141.0 4.9Seekers 200-500 201.8 198.5 -0.3Strivers 500-1000 19.8 25.4 4.2Near Rich 1000-2000 3.6 5.6 7.9Clear Rich 2000-5000 0.7 1.4 11.9Sheer Rich 5000-10000 0.1 0.2 16.7Super Rich >10000 0.01 0.04 20.6

Total 12,605.0 14,825.0 2.7*Figures include Chhattisgarh for purposes of comparison with past dataAnnexure Tables 3.9, 3.13


Income 1 - 2 0.5 - 1 Below 0.5 Rural Totalclass million million millionDeprived <90 425.8 89.4 1,344.2 7,026.8 8,886.2Aspirers 90-200 276.8 54.4 436.2 928.6 1,695.9Seekers 200-500 65.6 9.7 16.0 46.2 137.4Strivers 500-1000 8.5 1.3 2.1 5.8 17.6Near Rich 1000-2000 1.9 0.3 0.5 1.3 3.9Clear Rich 2000-5000 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.9Sheer Rich 5000-10000 0.05 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.11Super Rich >10000 0.01 neg neg 0.01 0.03Total 779.0 155.0 1,799.0 8,009.0 10,742.0Note: Chhattisgarh not included (neg: negligible) Annexure Table 3.125



Northern India

D.1 CHHATTISGARH

Poor cousin

THOUGH IT HAS A MARGINALLY HIGHER PERcapita income, the new state carved out from MadhyaPradesh, has a much higher concentration of �de-prived� households than the parent. Indeed, the pri-mary reason for the formation of the state wasthat, while it housed the bulk of Madhya Pradesh�smineral wealth, it had a relatively low per capita in-come in the undivided state.

So, while Madhya Pradesh has nearly 83 percent of its population in the �deprived� category, thefigure for Chhattisgarh is higher, at over 87 per cent(Table 1). Madhya Pradesh has just under 16 per centof its population in the �aspirers� category whileChhattisgarh has just 11. MP has 28 �super rich�households, Chhattisgarh has 12. Its 109 versus48 for the �sheer rich�, 935 versus 416 for the �clearrich�, and so on. All told, Madhya Pradesh has22,528 households that earn more than Rs 5 lakh ayear as opposed to 10,020 for Chhattisgarh.

DIVIDING POVERTY

Relative to its share of the country�s population,the new state�s income is marginally higher thanthat of the parent, yet the state has a farhigher �deprived� population per million pop-ulation compared with its parent. Indeed, com-pared to other fledgling states, it is the poorestthough, as ex-Chief Minister Ajit Jogi is fond ofsaying, it has the most mineral wealth. After

Bihar, it has the highest concentration of the �deprived�. Again, after Bihar,it has the lowest concentration of �aspirers�. In each category of the rich,the state has a lower concentration than that of its young peers.

VITAL STATISTICS (Figures for 2001-02) RankTotal households (�000) 4,083 16Share of rural households 81.09 5Estimated per capita income (PCI) in Rs 12,524 17Ratio of urban to rural PCI 1.37 17Deprived households (�000) 3,567 15Aspirer households (�000) 445 18Middle class households (�000) 69 21Rich households (�000) 2 22Density of deprived households 873,561 2Density of aspirer households 109,016 23Density of middle class households 16,882 22Density of rich households 541 22


Income class MP Chhattisgarh MP Chhattisgarh(% of (% of total) total)

Deprived <90 8,886.2 3,566.7 82.7 87.4Aspirers 90-200 1,695.9 445.1 15.8 10.9Seekers 200-500 137.4 61.1 1.3 1.5Strivers 500-1000 17.6 7.8 0.2 0.2Near Rich 1000-2000 3.9 1.7 neg negClear Rich 2000-5000 0.9 0.4 neg negSheer Rich 5000-10000 0.11 0.05 neg negSuper Rich >10000 0.03 0.01 neg neg

Total 10,742.0 4,083.0 100.0 100.0(neg: negligible) Annexure Tables 3.9, 3.13

Table 1: Rich households � MP versus Chhattisgarh


Urban Rural

Deprived <90 542.7 3,024.0

Aspirers 90-200 179.9 265.3

Seekers 200-500 42.4 18.7

Strivers 500-1000 5.5 2.3

Near Rich 1000-2000 1.2 0.5

Clear Rich 2000-5000 0.3 0.1

Sheer Rich 5000-10000 0.03 0.01

Super Rich >10000 0.01 neg

Total 772.0 3,311.0

(neg: negligible) Annexure Table 3.9

Table 2: The rural-urban split(Income in Rs �000 per annum at 2001-02 prices, households in �000)

Urban Rural

Deprived <90 703.0 913.3

Aspirers 90-200 233.0 80.1

Seekers 200-500 54.9 5.7

Strivers 500-1000 7.1 0.7

Near Rich 1000-2000 1.6 0.2

Clear Rich 2000-5000 0.4 0.04

Sheer Rich 5000-10000 0.05 neg



Table 3: Income density(Number of households in �000s per million households, income in Rs'000 per annum at 2001-02 prices)


Northern India

E. PUNJAB

Rural bounty

THIS IS NORTH INDIA�S MOST PROSPEROUSstate after Delhi. In terms of just rural areas,though, the state has the country�s highest numberof �super rich� and the �sheer rich� � Haryana justabout beats it in terms of the �clear rich� � and the�near rich� as well. Between 6 and 7 per cent of thecountry�s rich are located in Punjab (Chart 1).

The state�s growth in most income categories,however, is lower than Haryana�s, a sign of where thepower balance is shifting in agrarian India. Close to1.4 per cent of the state�s population has an annualhousehold income of over Rs 10 lakh.

The state has a respectable all-India rank of 3in all categories of the rich. There was, however, adecline in the all-India ranking from 1995-96 to1998-99, and it only in the subsequent period thatPunjab wrested back its position (Table 2).

Not surprisingly, given their common well-to-do agrarian base, Punjab�s income demographics




Annexure Table 3.19



RESTING ON ITS LAURELS

The traditional Punjabi genius has resulted inthe state getting to where it has today. Citieslike Ludhiana, Amritsar and Jalandhar remainamong the country�s top ten in terms of the�density� of the rich. Ludhiana, in fact, saw thefastest decline in the number of �deprived� inthe entire country during the period 1995-96to 2001-02. Rural Punjab, however, is today

not as rich as rural Haryana. The state�s slipping. Nearly 60 per centof Haryana�s �super rich� live in rural areas versus 41 per cent for Punjab� in the case of the �sheer rich�, the figures are 59 versus 44 per cent.




Northern India

are quite similar to those of Haryana. The numberof �deprived� households in Haryana fell from 6.5 outof every 10 in the state in 1995-96 to 4 in 2001-02;that for Punjab fell from 6.4 to 4.5.

Unlike Haryana, Punjab has a larger number ofwell-to-do industrial townships, and so has a significantlyhigher share of rich people living in urban areas

(Chart 3). Just 41 per cent of �super rich� Haryanvis,for instance, live in urban areas compared to 59 percent for Punjab; 41 per cent of Haryana�s �sheerrich� live in urban areas, compared to 56 per cent forPunjab. Within those living in urban areas, 50 to 60per cent (for all categories of rich) live in moderate-sizedtowns with between 1 and 2 million people (Table 3).

Annexure Table 3.17


(All figures in per cent)Income class 1995-96 2001-02 Growth (%)Deprived <90 2559.5 1901.7 -4.8Aspirers 90 - 200 1147.8 1535.9 5.0Seekers 200-500 225.5 578.0 17.0Strivers 500-1000 42.3 119.6 18.9Near Rich 1000-2000 12.8 39.3 20.5Clear Rich 2000-5000 4.3 14.5 22.3Sheer Rich 5000-10000 0.8 2.8 24.2Super Rich >10000 0.3 1.2 26.1

Total 3993.3 4193.0 0.8Annexure Table 3.17



Table 2: Punjab�s ranking


Punjab 1 - 2 0.5 - 1 Below 0.5 Rural Totalmillion million million

Deprived <90 75.1 27.2 328.9 1,470.5 1,901.7Aspirers 90-200 202.5 55.6 416.6 861.1 1,535.9Seekers 200-500 148.0 36.2 79.1 314.8 578.0Strivers 500-1000 32.6 7.9 17.4 61.8 119.6Near Rich 1000-2000 11.2 2.7 6.0 19.4 39.3Clear Rich 2000-5000 4.4 1.0 2.3 6.8 14.5Sheer Rich 5000-10000 0.9 0.2 0.5 1.2 2.8Super Rich >10000 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.5 1.2

Total 475.0 131.0 851.0 2,736.0 4,193.0

Annexure Table 3.129

Table 3: Distribution of urban population by town size(Income in Rs �000 per annum at 2001-02 prices, number of households in �000)


Northern India

F. UTTAR PRADESH

Big step back

THOUGH SIGNIFICANTLY BIGGER THAN either Punjab or Haryana, Uttar Pradesh (UP) has farfewer rich households � the contrast grows more starkwhen the impact of the state�s huge population isremoved. Compared to Haryana�s 237 �super rich� permillion population, for instance, UP has just 11 � ithas 39 �sheer rich� per million population comparedto Haryana�s 581. With the exception of a few easternstates, UP has seen the slowest growth in most incomeclasses. While 2.7 per cent of India�s �super rich�could be found in UP in 1995-96, this fell to 1.7 percent by 2001-02, and a similar decline can be seen inmost categories of rich (Chart 1).

Given this, the state�s all-India ranking has suf-fered as well (Table 2). In the case of the �sheer rich�,the state�s ranking fell from 8th to 10th, from 6thto 9th in the case of the �clear rich�, and from 3rdto 8th in the case of the �near rich�. The state has







STILL BIMARAfter states like Bihar, Uttar Pradesh is thecountry�s poorest state in per capita terms(Jharkhand and Uttaranchal are worse, but theyare part of undivided Bihar and Uttar Pradeshanyway). It has the dubious distinction ofhaving the highest number of �deprived�households in the country, and has the lowestgrowth in high income categories like the

�super� and the �sheer� rich. With over 77 per cent of the state�shouseholds in the �deprived� category, it has one of the country�s worstincome demographics.




Northern India

consistently been a topper for the �deprived�.In keeping with the slow growth of the state,

there has been no significant improvement in its in-come demographics (Chart 2). While the number of�deprived� has gone down from 8.4 out of every 10households in 1995-96 to 7.8 in 2001-02, this fall hasto be contrasted with 30 to 40 per cent drops in thecase of states like Haryana and Punjab.

There has been virtually no change in the

state�s urban demographics, a clear sign of thedramatic stagnation and poor opportunities for cit-izens. Between a third and 40 per cent of therich lived in urban areas in 2001-02, a figure thathas actually declined since 1995-96 (Chart 3).And, of those living in urban areas, the highest pro-portion (58 per cent) lived in towns below 5,00,000people. Half the urban rich categories live inthese small towns (Table 3).


Table 2: Uttar Pradesh�s ranking


Income class 1995-96 2001-02 Growth (%)Deprived <90 21,951.7 22,162.6 0.2Aspirers 90 - 200 3,591.7 5,324.6 6.8Seekers 200-500 468.5 919.9 11.9Strivers 500-1000 64.0 131.9 12.8Near Rich 1000-2000 15.0 32.1 13.6Clear Rich 2000-5000 3.8 8.5 14.4Sheer Rich 5000-10000 0.5 1.1 15.4Super Rich >10000 0.1 0.3 16.0

Total 26,095.3 28,581.0 1.5Annexure Tables 3.21, 3.25





Uttar Pradesh 2 - 5 1 - 2 0.5 - 1 0.5 Rural Total(Uttaranchal not included) million million million million

Deprived <90 433.4 603.0 297.4 2,056.3 17,663.5 21,053.7Aspirers 90-200 358.5 357.8 142.0 1,051.7 3,047.7 4,957.6Seekers 200-500 94.0 60.4 20.9 189.1 483.9 848.3Strivers 500-1000 13.0 8.3 2.8 26.0 71.5 121.6Near Rich 1000-2000 3.1 1.9 0.7 6.1 17.8 29.6Clear Rich 2000-5000 0.8 0.5 0.2 1.6 4.8 7.9Sheer Rich 5000-10000 0.10 0.06 0.02 0.19 0.65 1.0Super Rich >10000 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.05 0.19 0.3

Total 903.0 1,032.0 464.0 3,331.0 21,290.0 27,020.0

(Annexure Table 3.135

Table 3: Distribution of urban population by town size(Income in Rs �000 per annum at 2001-02 prices, number of households in �000)


Northern India

F.1 UTTARANCHAL

Fortunate son

UNLIKE MADHYA PRADESH AND Chhattisgarh, the Uttar Pradesh-Uttaranchal splitseems to have resulted in a more prosperous child.

So while Uttar Pradesh has nearly 78 per cent ofits population in the �deprived� category, the figure forUttaranchal is lower at 71 (Table 1). UP has just over18 per cent of its population in the �aspirers� categorywhile Uttaranchal has under 24. And while it is truethat UP has 300 �super rich� households to Uttaran-chal�s 26 (and 1,028 �sheer rich� to its 87), the parenthas far fewer rich households per million house-holds compared to its child-state. UP has 11 �super rich�households per million compared to Uttaranchal�s 16.In the case of the �sheer rich� it is 38 versus Uttaran-chal�s 56, it is 291 versus 427 in the case of the �clearrich� and 1,096 versus 1,607 in the case of the �nearrich�. In the case of the �deprived� category 7.8 out ofevery 10 Uttar Pradesh households fall in this categoryversus 7.1 in the case of Uttaranchal.

Income class UP Uttaranchal UP Uttaranchal(% of (% of total) total)

Deprived <90 21,053.7 1,108.9 77.9 71.0Aspirers 90-200 4,957.6 367.0 18.3 23.5Seekers 200-500 848.3 71.6 3.1 4.6Strivers 500-1000 121.6 10.3 0.5 0.7Near Rich 1000-2000 29.6 2.5 0.1 0.2Clear Rich 2000-5000 7.85 0.67 0.03 0.04Sheer Rich 5000-10000 1.03 0.09 neg 0.01Super Rich >10000 0.30 0.01 neg neg

Total 27,020.0 1,561.0 100.0 100.0(neg stands for negligible) Annexure Tables 3.21, 3.25

Table 1: Rich households � UP versus Uttaranchal


Uttaranchal Urban Rural

Deprived <90 209.0 899.9

Aspirers 90-200 133.0 233.9

Seekers 200-500 33.8 37.8

Strivers 500-1000 4.7 5.6

Near Rich 1000-2000 1.1 1.4

Clear Rich 2000-5000 0.3 0.4

Sheer Rich 5000-10000 0.04 0.05

Super Rich >10000 0.01 0.02

Total 382.0 1,179.0

Annexure Table 3.25


Uttaranchal Urban Rural

Deprived <90 547.1 763.3

Aspirers 90-200 348.2 198.4

Seekers 200-500 88.5 32.0

Strivers 500-1000 12.3 4.7

Near Rich 1000-2000 2.9 1.2

Clear Rich 2000-5000 0.8 0.3

Sheer Rich 5000-10000 0.10 0.04

Super Rich >10000 0.03 0.01

Annexure Table 3.27

Table 3: Income density

(Number of households in �000 per million households, income in Rs'000 per annum at 2001-02 prices)

THE HILLS ARE ALIVE

Though the primary reason for the state beingcarved out from Uttar Pradesh was poor devel-opment in the unified whole, the new state appearsto be the best off in the region (of course, keepingin mind that the competition includes states likeMadhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and Chhattis-garh). Uttaranchal, for instance, has 16 �crorepati�households per million households compared

to Orissa�s five and Madhya Pradesh and Chattisgarh�s three each. Even Bihar,though not part of the northern zone, has just three and Jharkhand has eight.This relationship holds for all other categories of the rich.

VITAL STATISTICS (Figures for 2001-02) RankTotal households (�000) 1,561 19Share of rural households 75.53 10Estimated per capita income (PCI) in Rs 6,675 22Ratio of urban to rural PCI 1.34 19Deprived households (�000) 1,109 18Aspirer households (�000) 367 19Middle class households (�000) 82 19Rich households (�000) 3 20Density of deprived households 710,240 10Density of aspirer households 235,078 15Density of middle class households 52,435 14Density of rich households 2,106 15



Northern India

G. CHANDIGARH

Upwardly mobile

APART FROM BEING ONE OF THE WEALTHIESTpieces of real estate in the country with the highestdensity of rich people (after Delhi, Chandigarhhas the highest number of all categories of richhouseholds per million households in the country),Chandigarh is also the fastest grower. In the case ofthe �super rich�, the state�s 29.5 per cent annual in-crease between 1995-96 and 2001-02 is the highestin the country. In the �sheer rich� category, itsgrowth performance has been upstaged by Goa andPondicherry. For all categories of rich, though,the state�s all-India share has gone up (Chart 1).

Despite its very small population, the statehas improved its all-India rankings, from 13 to 12in the case of the �super rich�, from 14 to 13 inthe case of the �sheer rich� and from 16 to 13 in thecase of the �clear rich� (Table 2).

In keeping with the high growth of the state, es-pecially in the higher income classes, there has been a




Annexure Tables 3.31



PUPPIES GALORE

The term �prosperous urban Punjabi� or�puppy�, it would appear, was coined keepingthis area in mind. After Delhi, it has thehighest density of all rich categories. In fact,when it comes to the number of �crorepatis�,the state is the country�s fastest-growingwith a growth rate of just under 30 per centbetween 1995-96 and 2001-02. Not surpris-

ingly, the state has the highest fall in the number of �deprived�households during this period, with an annual fall of over 15 per cent.After Delhi, it has the country�s most equitable income demographics.

VITAL STATISTICS (Figures for 2001-02) RankTotal households (�000) 201 24Share of rural households 11.94 23Estimated per capita income (PCI) in Rs 44,225 2Ratio of urban to rural PCI 1.37 18Deprived households (�000) 29 24Aspirer households (�000) 82 22Middle class households (�000) 82 18Rich households (�000) 8 13Density of deprived households 142,731 23Density of aspirer households 409,231 2Density of middle class households 408,046 2Density of rich households 39,993 2



Northern India

dramatic improvement in the state�s income demo-graphics (Chart 2). Between 1995-96 and 2001-02, therehas been a four-fold hike in the density of �superrich�, and a three-fold increase for the �sheer rich�, the�clear rich� and the �near rich� � now, every onehousehold out of a thousand in the state is likely to bea �super rich� and 2.2 are likely to be �sheer rich�.

The density of the �deprived� has also fallen to a third.As a result, if 4.6 houses out of every 10 were �deprived�in 1995-96, this fell to just 1.4 in 2001-02.

Traditionally rich, there has been little changein the state�s urban-rural demographics, witharound 95 per cent of the rich households living inurban areas, for instance (Chart 3).


Table 1: Chandigarh�s ranking


Income class 1995-96 2001-02 Growth (%)

Deprived <90 77.2 28.7 -15.2Aspirers 90 - 200 60.9 82.3 5.1Seekers 200-500 21.7 66.9 20.7Strivers 500-1000 4.5 15.1 22.5Near Rich 1000-2000 1.5 5.3 24.0Clear Rich 2000-5000 0.5 2.1 25.6Sheer Rich 5000-10000 0.1 0.4 27.5Super Rich >10000 0.04 0.21 29.5



Annexure Table 3.29



ITH PER CAPITA INCOME of Rs 21,078,the western states are the richest in thecountry. Due, however, to a lower share in thepopulation, the western region�s share inthe country�s income is 27.1 per cent, whichis lower than that for the north. For urbanIndia, however, the western zone has thehighest income share of 31 per cent.

Surprisingly, despite the region�s wealthstock, it is not the fastest growing and comesthird in most income groups. In the caseof the �deprived� category, after the south, ithas shown the fastest decline � from 24.5 mil-lion households in 1995-96, the figure fell to23.7 million in 2001-02 (Table 1).

The region has the highest number of�super rich� in the country, and is ranked atnumber 2 for other rich income categories(Table 2). In terms of density, however, thewest continues to be the country�s top region.At 228 �super rich� per million households, itis much greater than the north�s 142. For the�sheer rich�, the comparisons are 412 versus


Chapter 12

Western India

W





Western India

290, it is 1,866 versus 1,452 for the �clear rich�, and4,547 versus 3,886 for the north (Chart 2).

A. GUJARAT

Below parperformer

DESPITE ITS EXALTED STATUS AS INDIA�Smost industrialised state, Gujarat comes as some-thing of a surprise. It has less rich people thanPunjab (marginally higher than Haryana), and on aper million population basis, it is a fraction of both thenorth Indian states. Gujarat has just 116 �super rich�households per million households versus 237 forHaryana, 293 for Punjab, not to talk of Delhi�s 1,904.Similar differences of scale exist for most other cat-egories of rich people (Chart 2).

Worse, due to sharp fluctuations in the state�s eco-nomic growth, its share in the all-India pie initially in-creased and then dropped. In 1995-96, Gujarat washome to 5.6 per cent of all �super rich�. This rose to 6.2in 1998-99, but then fell to 5.6 in 2001-02 � formost income groups, the same results hold (Chart 1).

Traditionally a rich area, the state�s rankings have


Table 2: Zone�s income-class ranking (Ranking based on number of households in each income category,income in Rs �000 per annum at 2001-02 prices)

Income class 1995-96 2001-02 Growth (%)Deprived <90 24,501 23,741 -0.5Aspirers 90 - 200 7,854 10,894 5.6Seekers 200-500 1,049 2,282 13.8Strivers 500-1000 200 487 15.9Near Rich 1000-2000 64 171 17.8Clear Rich 2000-5000 24 70 19.9Sheer Rich 5000-10000 5 16 22.4Super Rich >10000 2 9 25.6

Total 33,699 37,669 1.9Annexure Table 3.57



Annexure Table 3.59



SEARCHING FOR GAURAVThough Gujarat is one of the country�s most in-dustrialised states, its performance is wellbelow its potential. On a per million basis, it hasa fraction of the rich that states like Punjab andHaryana have. Moreover, on a relative scale, thestate is less rich than Haryana, Punjab, Maha-rashtra, Kerala and Tamil Nadu. Gujarat has 5per cent of India�s population but just 6.6 per

cent of its income compared with Tamil Nadu that has 6.2 per cent ofthe country�s population and 8.3 per cent of the income. Even urban WestBengal is better off than urban Gujarat in this respect.




Western India

declined marginally since 1998-99. In the case ofthe number of �super rich�, for instance, the statewas ranked 4th in 1995-96, improved to 3rd in 1998-99, and then fell to 4th in 2001-02 (Table 2).

There has been an impressive three-fold growthin the density of most rich classes � against 32 �superrich� families per million in the state in 1995-96, the figureis 116 for 2001-02, for instance (Chart 2). Yet, even aftersuch increase in wealth, it is easier to find a rich person

in states like Punjab, Haryana and Maharashtra.Though just a third of Gujaratis live in urban areas,

anywhere between 70 and 80 per cent of the rich areto be found in towns � 83 per cent of �super rich� and75 per cent of the �clear rich� are to be found in urbanareas. And, within those who live in towns, the majorityis in towns with populations of 2 to 5 million. Half of theurban �super� and �sheer� rich, for instance, are to befound in such towns (Table 3, Chart 3).




Annexure Table 3.43



Annexure Table 3.41



Income class 1995-96 2001-02

Deprived <90 9 11Aspirers 90-200 5 5Seekers 200-500 8 9Strivers 500-1000 6 8Near Rich 1000-2000 6 6Clear Rich 2000-5000 4 5Sheer Rich 5000-10000 4 4Super Rich >10000 4 4

Table 2: Gujarat�s ranking

(All-India ranking based on number of households in each income class, income in Rs �000 per annum at 2001-02 prices)

Income class 1995-96 2001-02 Growth (%)Deprived <90 6,376.8 5,862.2 (1.4)Aspirers 90 - 200 2,098.1 2,951.6 5.9 Seekers 200-500 214.9 508.2 15.4Strivers 500-1000 39.5 104.4 17.6 Near Rich 1000-2000 11.8 34.3 19.4Clear Rich 2000-5000 4.0 12.7 21.4 Sheer Rich 5000-10000 0.7 2.4 23.5 Super Rich >10000 0.3 1.1 25.8



Income class 2 - 5 1 - 2 0.5 - 1 Below 0.5 Rural Totalmillion million million million

Deprived <90 515.7 174.4 87.3 703.5 4,381.3 5,862.2Aspirers 90-200 863.9 296.3 107.5 496.1 1,187.9 2,951.6Seekers 200-500 159.9 45.1 21.8 95.4 186.1 508.2Strivers 500-1000 35.3 10.0 4.8 21.1 33.2 104.4Near Rich 1000-2000 12.2 3.5 1.7 7.3 9.7 34.3Clear Rich 2000-5000 4.7 1.4 0.7 2.8 3.1 12.7Sheer Rich 5000-10000 1.0 0.3 0.1 0.6 0.5 2.4Super Rich >10000 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.2 1.1

Total 1,593.0 531.0 224.0 1,327.0 5,802.0 9,477.0


Table 3: Distribution of urban population by town size (Income in Rs �000 per annum at 2001-02 prices, number of households in �000)


Western India

B. MAHARASHTRA

Mumbai first

ON THE FACE OF IT, MAHARASHTRA LIVESup to its image as an affluent state, in that it has thecountry�s highest number of rich of all categories. Infact, the state even has the highest number of�strivers�, �seekers� and �aspirers�. Even on a permillion households basis, if you remove Delhi andChandigarh, the state leads for both the �super�and �sheer rich�.

Thirty seven per cent of the country�s �super rich�live in Maharashtra, as do 31 per cent of the �sheerrich�, and 26 per cent of the �clear rich� (Chart 1). Notsurprisingly, the state has maintained its number 1 all-India rank right throughout (Table 2). Given its hugebase, not surprisingly, Maharashtra is not amongthe top-growing states in any of the rich categories.

Much of this, of course, is purely due to the ef-fect of Mumbai. Remove Mumbai from Maharashtra,and the state looks a lot less awesome (Chart 2).�Maharashtra minus Mumbai equals Madhya

Pradesh,� former Madhya Pradesh Chief MinisterDigvijay Singh used to say. This is an exaggeration,since Maharashtra still has the highest proportion ofrich people. Delhi, of course, beats Maharashtra-minus-Mumbai, but then Delhi cannot be called a full-fledged state in the strict sense of the term. Apart fromMumbai, Maharashtra also boasts of cities likeNagpur and Pune, which are among the fastest-growing in the country as far as the rich are concerned.

Although there has been an impressive three-foldgrowth in the density of most rich classes, it is easierto find rich people in Delhi, Chandigarh, Punjab andHaryana. Against 111 �super rich� families per millionhouseholds in the state in 1995-96, the figure is 391for 2001-02, for instance. And for the �sheer rich�, thefigure has gone up from 224 to 668 (Chart 3). Yet,Delhi has a much higher density � it has 1,904�super rich� households per million households.Even Chandigarh is around three times higher thanMaharashtra. Leave these two states out, and Ma-harashtra has the highest density for both the �super�and the �sheer� rich. When you move down the income


Chart 1: Share in all-India income categories(Number of households in state to all-India, in per cent)

THE POWER OF MUMBAI

India�s top-ranked state in almost all categoriesof households doesn�t disappoint, but a fewpoints are worth keeping in mind. One,Mumbai accounts for a large share of thestate�s wealth � with Mumbai, the stateaccounts for 37 per cent of the country�s�super rich�, but without Mumbai the figure isdown to 15 per cent. For the �sheer rich�, the

figure falls from 31 to 13 per cent. Mumbai, given its huge base, is notamongst the fastest growing cities.The state�s income demographicsare a lot more skewed than for states like Haryana and Punjab.

VITAL STATISTICS (Figures for 2001-02) RankTotal households (�000) 18,727 2Share of rural households 57.86 20Estimated per capita income (PCI) in Rs 25,000 6Ratio of urban to rural PCI 1.61 10Deprived households (�000) 11,551 5Aspirer households (�000) 5,417 1Middle class households (�000) 1,565 1Rich households (�000) 193 1Density of deprived households 616,828 18Density of aspirer households 289,251 8Density of middle class households 83,596 7Density of rich households 10,325 5



Western India

chain, to the �clear rich� and the �near rich�, evenHaryana and Punjab score better than Maharashtra.

Maharashtra has one of the highest shares ofurban population in the country (Chart 4). Equally

interesting, more than 90 per cent of the rich are tobe found in urban areas. And of these, close totwo-thirds are to be found in towns with over 5 mil-lion households.

Chart 2: Share in all-India income groups for Maharashtra-minus-Mumbai


Annexure Table 3.47



Annexure Table 3.45



Income class 1995-96 2001-02

Deprived <90 4 6

Aspirers 90-200 1 1

Seekers 200-500 1 1

Strivers 500-1000 1 1

Near Rich 1000-2000 1 1

Clear Rich 2000-5000 1 1

Sheer Rich 5000-10000 1 1

Super Rich >10000 1 1

Table 2: Maharashtra�s ranking

(All-India ranking based on number of households in each income class, incomein Rs �000 per annum at 2001-02 prices)


Deprived <90 12,089 11,551 -0.8

Aspirers 90 - 200 3,867 5,417 5.8

Seekers 200-500 606 1,254 12.9

Strivers 500-1000 133 312 15.3

Near Rich 1000-2000 46 120 17.4

Clear Rich 2000-5000 18 53 19.7

Sheer Rich 5000-10000 4 13 22.2

Super Rich >10000 2 7 25.6

Total 16,764 18,727 1.9Annexure Table 3.45


Income class Over 5 2-5 1 - 2 0.5 - 1 Below 0.5 Rural Total

million million million million million

Deprived <90 816.0 307.2 136.5 178.7 1,709.6 8,403.3 11,551.3

Aspirers 90-200 1,745.4 648.2 84.4 107.8 712.4 2,118.7 5,416.8

Seekers 200-500 636.3 201.0 16.7 20.4 130.7 248.7 1,253.8

Strivers 500-1000 168.2 53.0 4.5 5.5 34.6 46.0 311.7

Near Rich 1000-2000 67.4 21.2 1.8 2.2 13.9 13.7 120.3

Clear Rich 2000-5000 30.8 9.7 0.8 1.0 6.3 4.5 53.2

Sheer Rich 5000-10000 7.4 2.3 0.2 0.3 1.5 0.8 12.5

Super Rich >10000 4.4 1.4 0.1 0.2 0.9 0.3 7.3

Total 3,476.0 1,244.0 245.0 316.0 2,610.0 10,836.0 18,727.0




Western India

C. RAJASTHAN

Middling decline

TRADITIONALLY ONE OF THE BIMARU1

states, Rajasthan is worse than Uttar Pradesh but betterthan Bihar as far as the number of households in mostincome categories are concerned (Chart 1). When itcomes to the number of rich households per millionhouseholds, however, it is the best of the BIMARUstates. But with middling economic growth, the in-crease in the rich/middle class population in thestate has also been very poor (Table 1).

Between 1995-96 and 2001-02, the state wasranked 22nd out of 26 states when it came to thegrowth in the number of �super rich�. For growth inmost other income categories, the state�s rank was be-tween 18th and 19th � however, this was still higherthan that for other BIMARU states.

In the case of �deprived� families, the state fares

much better, and it is ranked 10th in terms of thegrowth. Not surprisingly, Rajasthan�s share in the all-India totals for the rich has declined steadily � 0.9 percent of all Indian �super rich� lived in the state in1995-96, and this fell to 0.7 a mere six years later.

The state is ranked around the middle of allstates in terms of the number of households ineach income class, though there has been somedeterioration in its rankings (Table 2).

The state has one of the lowest changes in thenumber of rich households per million. As a re-sult, even West Bengal beats it in the density ofrich people in the state (Chart 2). West Bengal has 39�super rich� households per million households,Rajasthan has just 16. West Bengal has 94 �sheer rich�households per million households, Rajasthan has 53.

Over three-fourths of the state is rural, and




1 An acronym for Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh, India’s most backward states

HEALTHIEST BIMARU1

Two things strike you about Rajasthan. One,look at most income categories and thestate is somewhere in the middle, whetheryou�re talking of the actual number of house-holds, the density of each income class, oreven the growth between 1995-96 and2001-02. Two, of all the BIMARU states,Rajasthan is by far the best. Relative to its

population share in the country, the state has the highest income incomparison with its other fellow BIMARU states, and that applies toboth rural and urban areas.




Western India

around half the state�s rich are to be found in ruralareas � the figure ranges from a third in the case of�super rich� to half in the case of the �clear rich� and 55

per cent in the case of the �near rich� (Table 3, Chart3). And in the case of those living in towns, around two-thirds live in small towns of under 5,00,000 households.

Annexure Table 3.51



Annexure Table 3.49



Income class 1995-96 2001-02

Deprived <90 10 10

Aspirers 90-200 7 8

Seekers 200-500 7 11

Strivers 500-1000 11 12

Near Rich 1000-2000 11 12

Clear Rich 2000-5000 11 12

Sheer Rich 5000-10000 12 12

Super Rich >10000 12 13

Table 2: Rajasthan�s ranking

(All-India ranking based on number of households in each income class,income in Rs �000 per annum at 2001-02 prices)Income class 1995-96 2001-02 Growth (%)

Deprived <90 5,893.0 6,225.3 0.9

Aspirers 90 - 200 1,800.0 2,408.3 5.0

Seekers 200-500 217.9 475.3 13.9

Strivers 500-1000 26.7 63.0 15.4

Near Rich 1000-2000 5.8 14.7 16.7

Clear Rich 2000-5000 1.4 3.8 18.2

Sheer Rich 5000-10000 0.2 0.5 19.9

Super Rich >10000 0.1 0.1 21.2

Total 7,944.9 9,191.0 2.5

Annexure Table 3.49


Income class 2 � 5 0.5 - 1 Below 0.5 Rural Totalmillion million million

Deprived <90 167.2 153.5 841.2 5,063.5 6,225.3Aspirers 90-200 194.1 94.4 503.4 1,616.4 2,408.3Seekers 200-500 36.5 14.0 99.3 325.5 475.3Strivers 500-1000 6.0 2.3 16.2 38.5 63.0Near Rich 1000-2000 1.6 0.6 4.4 8.0 14.7Clear Rich 2000-5000 0.5 0.2 1.3 1.8 3.8Sheer Rich 5000-10000 0.07 0.03 0.19 0.19 0.49Super Rich >10000 0.02 0.01 0.06 0.05 0.14

Total 406.0 265.0 1,466.0 7,054.0 9,191.0




Western India

D. GOA

Rich pickings

THIS STATE HAS ONE OF THE HIGHEST densities of rich households in the country � it isnumber six, after Delhi, Chandigarh, Haryana, Punjaband Maharashtra. In terms of growth in these classes,the beach-state is one of the top rankers. It has the 5thhighest growth in the number of �super rich�, and thesecond-highest for all other rich classes (Chart 1).

None of this, of course, is surprising given thatGoa has the highest annual per capita income in thecountry. At Rs 46,771, it is even higher than Chandi-garh�s Rs 44,225, and roughly double than that of theregion�s top states like Maharashtra and Gujarat.

With about 40 per cent of its population ineach of the �deprived� and �aspirer� classes, thestate�s income demographics is quite like that ofHaryana and Punjab.

There has been virtually no change in thestate�s all-India rankings, at 19, for most incomeclasses (Table 2).




Annexure Table 3.55



FUN IN THE SUN

The influx of tourists, both from India andabroad, flocking to the beach state year afteryear is finally paying off. Relative to its pop-ulation share, Goa has the highest share in thecountry�s income, beating even traditionallyrich areas like Delhi and Chandigarh. It isthe country�s second-fastest growing statesin all categories of the rich except for the

�super rich�. In terms of population density for the rich classes, the stateis better off than Gujarat, and its income distribution is very equitable,similar to Haryana�s.




Western India

With the density of rich increasing almostthree times in the period 1995-96 to 2001-02, thestate beats even rich states like Gujarat (Chart 2).Urban Goa, in fact, has more than double thenumber of �super rich� per million households in the

state than even Bangalore. The state�s population is evenly divided among

urban and rural areas, but around 90 per cent of therich live in urban areas. An overwhelming proportionof the �deprived� live in rural areas (Chart 3).

Annexure Table 3.53



Income class 1995-96 2001-02


Table 2: Goa�s ranking


Income class 1995-96 2001-02 Growth (%)Deprived <90 142.5 101.9 -5.4Aspirers 90 - 200 89.4 117.0 4.6Seekers 200-500 9.3 44.8 29.9Strivers 500-1000 1.6 7.5 29.2Near Rich 1000-2000 0.5 2.1 28.7Clear Rich 2000-5000 0.1 0.6 28.2Sheer Rich 5000-10000 0.02 0.10 27.8Super Rich >10000 0.01 0.03 26.9



ITH AN AVERAGE PER CAPITA INCOMEof Rs 19,627, the south is second only to the west.Despite this, the region comes third in terms ofnumber of rich households, right from the �superrich� to the �near rich�. Even in terms of density, orthe number of rich households per million house-holds in the region, the south comes third (Table 1).

Yet, what is interesting is that, except forthe �super rich� category, south Indian states havegrown the fastest between 1995-96 and 2001-02.In the case of the �super rich�, the northern stateshave seen a 26.6 per cent annual increase in thenumber of such households between 1995-96 and 2001-02 compared to 26.2 for thesouth. In the case of the �sheer rich�, however,the southern states saw an annual increase of25.5 per cent versus 24.7 for the north, and inthe case of the �clear rich� the southern statesgrew at 24.5 per cent versus the north�s 22.7.Even in the case of the �deprived�, against an an-nual decline of 0.5 per cent in such house-holds in the west, the south saw a 1.1 per centfall in the period 1995-96 to 2001-02 (Table 1).


Chapter 13

Southern India

W





Southern India

A. ANDHRA PRADESH

Emerging power

WITH HISTORICALLY HIGH LEVELS OFbackwardness, the state remains one of the poorestin south India. While it has more rich householdsthan Kerala, about the same as Karnataka and lessthan Tamil Nadu, when it comes to the density, it suf-fers by comparison. It has 34 �super rich� householdsper million households, compared to 38 for Kerala,64 for Karnataka, and 65 for Tamil Nadu. Its 98�sheer rich� per million households is around 60 percent that of either Karnataka or Tamil Nadu.

Andhra Pradesh is 5th in terms of number of de-prived in the country compared to 7 for TamilNadu, 8 for Karnataka and 12 for Kerala. Even interms of deprived households, 7 out of every 10Andhra households fall in this category versus 6.9 forTamil Nadu, 6.8 for Karnataka and 6.6 for Kerala.

While the state accounts for 9 per cent ofthe country�s population, it accounts for just 3per cent of the �super rich�, 4 per cent of the

HYDERABADI BIRYANI

While Maharashtra manages to hold its owneven without Mumbai, Andhra without Hy-derabad is another story. Take this city off themenu, and the state begins to slip quite a lotsince Hyderabad accounts for around 40 per centof the state�s rich classes. Andhra managesto retain its 9th position in the �super rich�slot, slips two ranks in the �sheer rich�, three in

the �clear rich� and five in the �near rich�. Relative to its population share,Andhra has the lowest income share in the entire south, though urbanAndhra appears better off than urban Karnataka and Tamil Nadu.



Income class 1995-96 2001-02


Table 2: Zone�s income-class ranking

(Ranking based on number of households in each income category,income in Rs �000 per annum at 2001-02 prices)

Income class 1995-96 2001-02 Growth (%)Deprived <90 35,350.2 33,168.4 -1.1Aspirers 90 - 200 6,743.3 11,915.1 10.0 Seekers 200-500 730.9 2,474.9 22.5 Strivers 500-1000 121.8 424.1 23.1 Near Rich 1000-2000 33.8 121.1 23.7 Clear Rich 2000-5000 10.4 38.7 24.5 Sheer Rich 5000-10000 1.6 6.3 25.5 Super Rich >10000 0.6 2.4 26.2

Total 42,992.6 48,151.0 1.9

Annexure Table 3.81



Annexure Table 3.83




Southern India

�sheer rich� and 5 per cent of the �clear rich�(Chart 1). It is home to 9 per cent of the country�s�deprived� and 10 per cent of the �aspirers�. In re-cent years, however, Andhra has emerged as apower to reckon with, and is among the fastestgrowing states. It is the 6th fastest-growing state as

far as the �super rich� are concerned, and 4th or 5thfastest for other rich classes.

Thanks to this, the state has improved itsstanding considerably from 1995-96 to 2001-02(Table 2). In terms of the �sheer rich�, for instance,the state was ranked 10th in 1995-96, and this im-




Annexure Table 3.63




Deprived <90 12,797.6 12,075.9 (1.0)

Aspirers 90 - 200 2,188.7 4,288.2 11.9

Seekers 200-500 206.9 754.9 24.1

Strivers 500-1000 34.1 128.0 24.6

Near Rich 1000-2000 9.3 35.7 25.2

Clear Rich 2000-5000 2.8 11.0 25.7

Sheer Rich 5000-10000 0.4 1.7 26.4

Super Rich >10000 0.1 0.6 26.7



Income class Over 5 1-2 0.5-1 Below 0.5 Rural Totalmillion million million million

Deprived <90 209.8 152.7 44.6 1,221.3 10,447.5 12,075.9Aspirers 90-200 598.4 271.8 56.9 1,440.1 1,921.1 4,288.2Seekers 200-500 303.5 52.6 14.3 284.2 100.4 754.9Strivers 500-1000 51.0 8.7 2.3 47.6 18.4 128.0Near Rich 1000-2000 14.1 2.4 0.6 13.1 5.5 35.7Clear Rich 2000-5000 4.3 0.7 0.2 4.0 1.8 11.0Sheer Rich 5000-10000 0.7 0.1 neg 0.6 0.3 1.7Super Rich >10000 0.2 neg neg 0.2 0.1 0.6

Total 1,182.0 489.0 119.0 3,011.0 12,495.0 17,296.0



Income class 1995-96 2001-02


Table 2: Andhra�s ranking

(All-India ranking based on number of households in each income class,income in Rs �000 per annum at 2001-02 prices)


Southern India

proved to 7th in 2001-02. For the �clear rich�, theranking improved from 10th to 7th. Even in termsof the number of �deprived� families, the state�sranking fell (read improved) from 2nd to 5th.

Thanks to its growth, there has been a dramaticchange in the state�s income demographics be-tween 1995-96 and 2001-02 (Chart 2). The pro-portion of �deprived� has fallen from 84 per cent to70, and the proportion of �aspirers� has gone up from14 to 25 per cent.

Under 30 per cent of the state�s population isurban (Table 3, Chart 3). As with most other states,however, the bulk of the rich (around 80 per cent) livein urban areas and Andhra�s cities appear to becomingmore prosperous. While 13 per cent of the state�s �de-prived� still live in urban areas, this is an improvementon 23 per cent in 1995-96. Of those who live inurban areas, the largest share live in towns of less than5,00,000 people � 43 per cent of various richclasses, for instance, live in such towns.

B. KARNATAKA

Back 2 basics

DESPITE KARNATAKA�S REPUTATION AS THEcountry�s software superpower, its performance ismiddling. It is home to a little over 5 per cent of thecountry�s population, and its share in most incomeclasses is broadly similar (Chart 1). The state ishome to 5 per cent of the country�s �deprived�, 6 percent of �aspirers�, 3 per cent of �super rich�, 4 per centof �sheer rich�, and so on. When it comes to growthin the number of rich classes, the state is placed ataround number 9 or 10 (Table 1).

The state�s all-India rankings have improvedmarginally over the years (Table 2). With a 3-fold hikein density of most rich classes, the state�s income de-mographics have changed considerably (Chart 2).

In terms of number of rich, it is broadly similarto Andhra Pradesh, lower than Tamil Nadu andgreater than Kerala. When it comes to density of rich(number of rich per million population), the state ismarginally lower than Tamil Nadu.

Annexure Table 3.61

Chart 3: Urban share of population (All figures in per cent)

SOFTWARE GLITCH

For all the talk of the state being India�s SiliconValley, the state�s 2001-02 rankings on therichness scales are mediocre. It is ranked theseventh in terms of the number of �superrich�, eighth in terms of the �sheer� and �clear�rich and ninth in the case of the �near rich�. Itsbiggest city, Bangalore rarely figures in the topfive ranked city, either in terms of the number

or rich, or in terms of their growth � the city, interestingly, is the topgrowing for the �aspirers�. So, the software boom has really been onefor the ordinary workers.




Southern India

A third of the state�s population is urban. Aswith most other states, however, the bulk of the rich(around 80 per cent) live in urban areas (Tables 3,Chart 3). While 23 per cent of the state�s �de-

prived� still live in urban areas, this is down from 27per cent in 1995-96. Around 60 per cent of thosewho live in towns, live in small ones with a popu-lation of under 5,00,000.




Annexure Table 3.67




Deprived <90 7,135.6 6,878.6 -0.6

Aspirers 90 - 200 1,701.3 2,444.5 6.2

Seekers 200-500 218.8 592.4 18.1

Strivers 500-1000 35.0 101.5 19.4

Near Rich 1000-2000 9.5 29.2 20.6

Clear Rich 2000-5000 2.9 9.5 22.0

Sheer Rich 5000-10000 0.5 1.6 23.6

Super Rich >10000 0.2 0.6 25.1



Income class Over 5 0.5 - 1 Below 0.5 Rural Totalmillion million million

Deprived <90 374.6 172.8 1,058.3 5,273.0 6,878.6Aspirers 90-200 630.6 160.7 684.2 968.9 2,444.5Seekers 200-500 167.7 34.2 104.3 286.2 592.4Strivers 500-1000 30.2 6.0 25.6 39.7 101.5Near Rich 1000-2000 8.7 1.7 9.5 9.4 29.2Clear Rich 2000-5000 2.7 0.5 3.9 2.4 9.5Sheer Rich 5000-10000 0.4 0.1 0.8 0.3 1.6Super Rich >10000 0.1 neg 0.4 0.1 0.6Deprived <91 1,215.0 376.0 1,887.0 6,580.0 10,058.0



Annexure Table 3.65



Income class 1995-96 2001-02


Table 2: Karnataka�s ranking



Southern India

C. KERALA

Inward bound

WITH A POOR RECORD IN INDUSTRIALISATION,the state has the lowest number of rich householdsin south India, even less than Andhra Pradesh(Chart 1). When the population impact is removed,Kerala fares a bit better � it has more rich house-holds per million households than Andhra Pradesh,but continues to have a lower number in comparisonwith Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. Yet, thanks tothe huge remittances from overseas Keralites, God�sOwn Country is one of the country�s fastest-growing. While Kerala has the 7th fastest-growingnumber of �super rich� households, it is 4th in the caseof �sheer rich� households, 3rd for �clear rich�, �nearrich� and �striver� households (Table 1). The state�srelative all-India rankings have remained mostly un-changed between 1995-96 and 2001-02 (Table 2).

With the density of the rich increasing almostfour times in the period 1995-96 to 2001-02, therehas been a huge change in the state�s income de-




Annexure Table 3.71



GULFSTREAM

Despite not being known for either its in-dustrialisation (like Tamil Nadu in recent years)or its services skill (like Karnataka), the expatMalyalee has taken the state to great heights.Relative to its population share, the statehas the highest income share in all of theregion, the only exception being the tinyPondicherry. The state�s density of rich house-

holds, though, is lower than that of either Karnataka or Tamil Nadu,but is higher than that of Andhra Pradesh. Its income distribution isa bit better than that of the region.




Southern India

mographics (Chart 2). While the share of �deprived�households has fallen from 79 per cent of the totalhouseholds in the state in 1995-96 to 66 in 2001-02,the share of �aspirers� has gone up from 19 to 25 percent, and �seekers� from 1.7 to 7.4 per cent.

The state�s population has remained stable, witharound 27 per cent of households in urban areas. As

in most other states, more of the rich are to befound in urban areas (Table 3, Chart 3). While 81 percent of the �super rich� live in urban areas, 84 per centof �deprived� families are to be found in rural areas.Of the population living in urban areas, roughly 60per cent is to be found in small towns with lessthan 5,00,000 people.

Income class 1995-96 2001-02


Table 2: Kerala�s ranking


Income class 1995-96 2001-02 Growth (%)Deprived <90 4,634.8 4,414.8 -0.8Aspirers 90 - 200 1,092.3 1,662.8 7.3Seekers 200-500 101.8 493.6 30.1Strivers 500-1000 16.1 73.0 28.7Near Rich 1000-2000 4.2 18.6 27.9Clear Rich 2000-5000 1.2 5.3 27.4Sheer Rich 5000-10000 0.2 0.8 27.1Super Rich >10000 0.1 0.3 26.7



Annexure Table 3.69



Income class 1 - 2 0.5 - 1 Below 0.5 Rural Totalmillion million million

Deprived <90 118.7 169.3 428.6 3,698.1 4,414.8Aspirers 90-200 148.1 175.5 469.0 870.2 1,662.8Seekers 200-500 45.3 45.2 141.1 262.0 493.6Strivers 500-1000 7.9 7.9 24.6 32.6 73.0Near Rich 1000-2000 2.2 2.2 7.0 7.1 18.6Clear Rich 2000-5000 0.7 0.7 2.2 1.7 5.3Sheer Rich 5000-10000 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.8Super Rich >10000 0.04 0.04 0.13 0.05 0.25Total 323.0 401.0 1,073.0 4,872.0 6,669.0




Southern India

D. TAMIL NADU

Steady prosperity

THANKS TO STEADY DEVELOPMENT OVERthe years, the state accounts for the highest proportionof the rich in south India. It accounts for between 5 and7 per cent of all rich households in the country(Chart 1). Even when the impact of population isremoved, Tamil Nadu remains number one in the richcategory as far as the south is concerned (Chart 2).

The state has managed to maintain its rank-ings over the years, and improved some as well. Forthe �super� and �sheer� rich categories, the state isconsistently ranked 5th, while for the �clear� as well asthe �near� rich, the state improved its performance from7th to 4th (Table 2).

Despite its industrial growth, the state is not am-ongst the top five (in terms of growth) for any of the richcategories. It is 8th in terms of growth in the numberof �super rich�, �sheer rich� and �clear rich� households.In each case, Andhra Pradesh and Kerala have grownfaster, though the state has grown faster than Karnataka.




Annexure Table 3.75



THRIFTY TAMILS

Around half the state�s rich, believe it or not,live in Chennai. Take this away, and the stateslips much more than either Andhra or Kar-nataka after their capitals are removed � itslips four places in the �super� and �sheer�rich list, and six places in the �clear� and �nearrich� lists. Tamil Nadu�s share of India�s �superrich� falls from 4.6 to 2.4 per cent without

Chennai, from 5.6 to 2.9 in the case of the �sheer rich� and 6.3 to 3.4in the case of the �clear rich�. Chennaiites, by the way, are among thecountry�s thriftiest citizens, saving a third of their annual salaries.




Southern India

After Pondicherry, the fastest growth in the number of�aspirer� households has been in Tamil Nadu.

With the density for the �deprived� falling, theshare of �deprived� households has gone down from84 per cent in 1995-96 to 70 per cent in 2001-02. �As-pirer� households have gone up from 14 to 25 per centof the population. The population of �seeker� house-

holds has tripled from around 1.6 per cent of the state�spopulation in 199-96 to 4.5 per cent in 2001-02.

With increased industrialisation, the state�surban population share has gone up from 35 to 42per cent. While 69 per cent of all �deprived� house-holds live in rural areas, 87 per cent of all �super rich�live in urban areas (Table 3, Chart 3).

Income class 1995-96 2001-02


Table 2: Tamil Nadu�s ranking(All-India ranking based on number of households in each income class,income in Rs �000 per annum at 2001-02 prices)

Income class 1995-96 2001-02 Growth (%)Deprived <90 10,638.8 9,680.8 -1.6Aspirers 90 - 200 1,726.3 3,449.7 12.2Seekers 200-500 200.7 620.9 20.7Strivers 500-1000 36.1 119.7 22.1Near Rich 1000-2000 10.6 37.1 23.2Clear Rich 2000-5000 3.5 12.8 24.3Sheer Rich 5000-10000 0.6 2.2 25.6Super Rich >10000 0.2 0.9 26.6



Annexure Table 3.73



Income class Over 5 1 - 2 0.5 - 1 Below 0.5 Rural Totalmillion million million million

Deprived <90 515.3 308.4 242.2 1,902.4 6,712.5 9,680.8Aspirers 90-200 612.0 197.3 173.1 1,163.1 1,304.2 3,449.7Seekers 200-500 278.7 81.3 56.8 93.1 111.0 620.9Strivers 500-1000 54.5 15.9 11.0 18.2 20.1 119.7Near Rich 1000-2000 17.1 5.0 3.4 5.7 5.9 37.1Clear Rich 2000-5000 5.9 1.7 1.2 2.0 1.9 12.8

Sheer Rich 5000-10000 1.1 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.3 2.2Super Rich >10000 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.9

Total 1,485.0 610.0 488.0 3,185.0 8,156.0 13,924.0




Southern India

E. PONDICHERRY

Small speedster

IN TERMS OF THE NUMBER OF RICH households in various categories, Pondicherry com-pares with Meghalaya (Chart 1). Yet, in terms of den-sity (that is, the number of rich households permillion households in the state), the state has morerich than Andhra Pradesh. The state has 34 �superrich� households per million, exactly the samenumber as Andhra Pradesh. At 105 �sheer rich�per million, this is higher than Andhra�s 98.

Pondicherry is one of the country�s fastest-growthareas. It is the 2nd highest growth areas for �super rich�,and the fastest for all other income classes � from the�sheer rich� to the �aspirers� (Table 1). Due to this highgrowth, there have been dramatic shifts in its incomedemographics between 1995-96 and 2001-02. Theproportion of �deprived� households in the state hasdropped from 79 in 1995-96 to 58 in 2001-02 and theproportion of �aspirers� has gone up from 19 to 34. Asa result of this, in 2001-02, the state�s income demo-




Annexure Table 3.79



MATERIAL CAPITAL

Surprising though it may seem for a stateknown more for its spirituality than anythingelse, this is fast emerging as India�s materialcapital. Though it is ranked number 20th in allcategories of rich, this is more to do with itsminuscule population than anything else �the per million households ranking is gener-ally in the region of 11 to 13. The state is the

fastest growing in the country for all income categories apart from the�super rich� where it is ranked second. It has perhaps the fastest changingdemographics in the country.




Southern India

graphics looks a lot like Gujarat�s � most other stateshave a much higher proportion of �deprived� households.

The state is ranked amongst the lowest inthe all-India rankings (Table 2). This is, however, astatistical illusion, since the state has a very smallpopulation base and so loses out to states likeUttar Pradesh, which though a lot poorer, lookbetter because of their sheer size.

There has been a four-fold increase in the den-sity of all classes from �super rich� to �seekers� (Chart2). The number of �seeker� category households as aproportion of the state�s total number of house-

holds has gone up from 1.5 per cent in 1995-96 to 6.5per cent in 2001-02.

There has been little change in the level of ur-banisation in the state, which remains at around65 per cent throughout. There has, however,been in the number of rich people who live inurban areas. While 95 per cent of all �super rich�in the state lived in urban areas in 1995-96, this wasdown to 80 per cent in 2001-02. The propor-tion of �sheer rich� in urban areas fell from 92 to78 per cent, and that for the �clear rich� from 89to 75 (Chart 3).

Income class 1995-96 2001-02


Table 2: Pondicherry�s ranking (All-India ranking based on number of households in each income class,income in Rs �000 per annum at 2001-02 prices)

Income class 1995-96 2001-02 Growth (%)Deprived <90 143.3 118.3 -3.1Aspirers 90 - 200 34.7 69.8 12.3Seekers 200-500 2.7 13.1 30.3Strivers 500-1000 0.4 2.0 30.5Near Rich 1000-2000 0.1 0.5 30.5Clear Rich 2000-5000 neg 0.2 30.2Sheer Rich 5000-10000 neg neg 29.7Super Rich >10000 neg neg 28.4

Total 181.3 204.0 2.0(neg: negligible) Annexure Table 3.77


Annexure Table 3.77



HE COUNTRY�S WORST PERFORMINGregion in more ways than one. At Rs 10,713,it has the country�s lowest per capita annual in-come. It has the lowest number of rich house-holds � the number of �super rich� in the eastare a tenth those in the west. And, with just 17�super rich� households per million house-holds, the west is over 13 times ahead interms of density of rich households.

The east has the lowest rates of growth inthe country, indeed they are well below eventhe all-India average (Table 1). In the case of�super rich�, for instance, while the north sawthe number of such households grow 26.6 percent annually in the period 1995-96 to 2001-02 and the all-India average was 25.9 percent, the eastern region�s growth was 21.5per cent. The only income category in whichthe east has �scored� has been in the growth of�deprived� households. While the number ofsuch households fell by 1.1 per cent annuallyin the southern region, it grew by 3.2 percent annually in the east. Not surprisingly, the


Chapter 14

Eastern India

T





Eastern India

east is the only region that has seen its all-India shareof the �deprived� classes go up � from 25 per cent in1995-96, over 29 per cent of India�s �deprived� wereto be found in the east in 2001-02 (Chart 1).

A. ASSAM

Poor gains

ON THE FACE OF IT, THE NUMBER OF RICHliving in Assam seem to be near the numbers for Bihar.Yet, in terms of density (number of rich householdsper million households), Assam is three to four timeshigher � the state has 16 �super rich� households permillion households compared to 4 for Bihar.

Yet, with very poor economic growth, thestate has declined over the years. It ranks 15th to16th in terms of growth of rich income classes,and is the 3rd fastest growing state when it comes to�deprived� households (Table 1). The state has 2.6 percent of the country�s population, but accounts for 3per cent of the country�s �deprived�. Worse, thefigure has increased from 2.6 in 1995-96. Thestate�s share of the rich, similarly, has declinedmarginally between 1995-96 and 2001-02.

The state�s income demographics have virtu-ally stagnated between 1995-96 and 2001-02. Theproportion of �deprived� households in the state has


Table 2: Zone�s income-class ranking

(Ranking based on number of households in each income category,income in Rs �000 per annum at 2001-02 prices)

Income class 1995-96 2001-02 Growth (%)Deprived <90 32,585.5 39,448.0 3.2Aspirers 90 - 200 5,712.8 6,649.7 2.6Seekers 200-500 681.9 871.9 4.2Strivers 500-1000 91.1 138.6 7.2Near Rich 1000-2000 21.7 38.6 10Clear Rich 2000-5000 5.8 12.3 13.3Sheer Rich 5000-10000 0.8 2.1 17.3Super Rich >10000 0.3 0.8 21.5







HARD UP

Draw a line vertically down the middle ofIndia, conventional theory tells you, andthat�s the separating line between the betteroff states and the worse off ones. So, given itslocation, not surprisingly, Assam is one ofIndia�s poorest states, with the usual excep-tions of Uttar Pradesh, Orissa and Bihar. Thestate has 2.6 per cent of the country�s pop-

ulation, but just 1.8 per cent of the income, a showing that is evenpoorer than that of Meghalaya whose share of the country�s popu-lation and income are roughly equal.

VITAL STATISTICS (Figures for 2001-02) RankTotal households (�000) 4,859 13Share of rural households 85.61 4Estimated per capita income (PCI) in Rs 10,961 19Ratio of urban to rural PCI 1.83 4Deprived households (�000) 3,990 14Aspirer households (�000) 737 16Middle class households (�000) 125 15Rich households (�000) 7 14Density of deprived households 821,224 6Density of aspirer households 151,700 20Density of middle class households 25,714 19Density of rich households 1,348 19



Eastern India

been constant at around 82 per cent of population,and the proportion of �aspirers� has been constantat around 15 per cent.

Around a seventh of the state is urban, and

around 60 per cent of the rich live in these areas.Over 80 per cent of the rich in urban areas, how-ever, live in small towns with less than 5,00,000people (Chart 3, Table 3).




Annexure Table 3.87



Annexure Table 3.85



Income class 1995-96 2001-02


Table 2: Assam�s ranking



Deprived <90 3,418.0 3,990.4 2.6Aspirers 90 - 200 643.9 737.1 2.3Seekers 200-500 76.1 107.4 5.9Strivers 500-1000 10.2 17.6 9.5Near Rich 1000-2000 2.4 4.8 12.3Clear Rich 2000-5000 0.6 1.5 15.3Sheer Rich 5000-10000 0.1 0.2 18.6Super Rich >10000 0.03 0.08 21.4

Total 4,151.4 4,859.0 2.7(neg: negligible) Annexure Table 3.85


Income class 0.5 - 1 Below 0.5 Rural Totalmillion million

Deprived <90 62.6 240.9 3,686.9 3,990.4Aspirers 90-200 100.7 233.7 402.7 737.1Seekers 200-500 8.5 40.0 58.9 107.4Strivers 500-1000 1.6 7.3 8.7 17.6Near Rich 1000-2000 0.5 2.2 2.2 4.8Clear Rich 2000-5000 0.2 0.7 0.6 1.5Sheer Rich 5000-10000 0.03 0.12 0.08 0.22Super Rich >10000 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.08Total 174.0 525.0 4,160.0 4,859.0


Table 3: Distribution of urban population by town size (Income in Rs �000 per annum at 2001-02 prices, households in �000)


Eastern India

B. BIHAR

Deprived champion

FOR A STATE STILL ASSOCIATED WITH THEBIMARU1 tag, it is hardly surprising that Bihar is justmarginally better than Madhya Pradesh in termsof the density of rich households � even Assamhas 2-3 times more rich per million than Bihar.

Given its negligible growth, not surprisingly, thestate has an exceptionally large number of �de-prived� households (Chart 1). While the state accountsfor 10 per cent of the country�s population, it ishome to 12 per cent of its �deprived� households (upfrom 9 per cent in 1995-96). The proportion of�seekers� is down to 5 per cent (from 7 in 1995-96), and the number of �super rich� to 0.4 per centfrom 0.6 per cent earlier.

In most categories, the state�s growth has beenamongst the poorest in the country (Table 1). The

1 Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh, a group of India’s backward states.

POOR PARADISE

Former Chhattisgarh Chief Minister Ajit Jogi isfond of saying that his state has the country�sgreatest mineral wealth but the people arethe poorest. More than anywhere else, thedescription fits Bihar to the T. It has thecountry�s highest density of �deprived� house-holds, and is also the fastest growing state inthis category. In most other income categories,

it has the lowest density of households in the country. Relative to its pop-ulation share, the state is the poorest in the country, except for Jhark-hand which, in any case, was part of the state till recently.

VITAL STATISTICS (Figures for 2001-02) RankTotal households (�000) 13,772 6Share of rural households 90.61 1Estimated per capita income (PCI) in Rs 5,557 23Ratio of urban to rural PCI 1.40 16Deprived households (�000) 12,254 2Aspirer households (�000) 1,390 13Middle class households (�000) 123 16Rich households (�000) 5 16Density of deprived households 889,791 1Density of aspirer households 100,932 24Density of middle class households 8,931 24Density of rich households 346 24



Chart 1: Share in all-India income categories (Number of households in state to all-India, in per cent)


Chart 2: Change in income density (Number of households per million households in each income class)


Eastern India

state was ranked first when it came to growth in thenumber of �deprived� households, last in the case ofthe �clear rich�, and second-last in most other incomecategories (Table 2). The state is ranked 14th whenit comes to the number of �super rich� and its rank-ings for the �sheer rich� has fallen one notch.

The state�s income demographics have dete-riorated between 1995-96 and 2001-02. The pro-

portion of �deprived� households in the state has goneup from 85 to 88 per cent.

A little over 12 per cent of the state was urban in2001-02, but this too is decreasing with each passing year.Around 70 per cent of the rich live in these areas, a figurethat has hardly changed between 1995-96 and 2001-02.Of the rich who live in urban areas, 80 per cent live intowns with less than 5,00,000 people (Table 3, Chart 3).

Income class 1995-96 2001-02


Table 2: Bihar�s ranking



Total 14,544.4 18,557.0 4.1(neg: negligible) Annexure Tables 3.89, 3.93





Income class 1 - 2 Below 0.5 Rural Totalmillion million

Deprived <90 126.6 781.1 11,346.4 12,254.2Aspirers 90-200 130.0 205.7 1,054.3 1,390.0Seekers 200-500 7.5 32.2 68.5 108.2Strivers 500-1000 1.3 5.7 7.8 14.8Near Rich 1000-2000 0.4 1.6 1.6 3.6Clear Rich 2000-5000 0.1 0.5 0.3 1.0Sheer Rich 5000-10000 0.02 0.09 0.04 0.14Super Rich >10000 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.05Total 266.0 1,027.0 12,479.0 13,772.0(Jharkhand not included) Annexure Table 3.201



Eastern India

B.1 JHARKHAND

Poorest of the poor

THE NEW STATE CARVED OUT FROM BIHARhas even lower per capita income than its parent, butits income demographics are marginally less harsh.So while Bihar has nearly 89 per cent of its popula-tion in the �deprived� category, the figure for Jhark-hand is lower at 86 per cent. Bihar has 10 per cent ofits population in the �aspirers� category while Jhark-hand has 12. And while Bihar does have more richpeople than Jharkhand, the difference is not sig-nificant, especially considering that Jharkhand�spopulation is a third that of the parent state (Table 1).

Indeed, in terms of �density�, or the number ofrich families per million households, Jharkhand ismuch better off. Bihar�s �super rich� density is 3 com-pared to Jharkhand�s 8, the �sheer rich� density is10 versus 23, and the �clear rich� density is 72versus 159. In the case of the �deprived�, Bihar�s den-sity of 8,89,791 is the country�s worst, and Jharkhandis better off with 8,61,116.

OF POOR PARENTAGE

The sins of the father, the Bible said, are visitedon the child. And so it is with Jharkhand.Though seemingly better off than its parent� it has less deprived families per millionpopulation and more rich per million thanBihar � it is, along with Chhattisgarh, one ofthe poorest regions in the country. At 860,000�deprived� households per million households

in the state, it is marginally better off than Chattisgarh, but way belowthe other new state, Uttaranchal. Ditto in the case of the �aspirers�, aswell as in most categories of the rich in the country.



Income class Bihar Jharkhand Bihar Jharkhand(% of (% of total) total)

Deprived <90 12,254.2 4,120.4 89 86.1

Aspirers 90-200 1,390.0 574.8 10.1 12

Seekers 200-500 108.2 75.4 0.8 1.6

Strivers 500-1000 14.8 10.7 0.1 0.2

Near Rich 1000-2000 3.6 2.7 neg 0.1

Clear Rich 2000-5000 1.0 0.8 neg neg

Sheer Rich 5000-10000 0.1 0.1 neg neg

Super Rich >10000 0.05 0.04 neg neg

Total 13,772.0 4,785.0 100 100(neg: negligible) Annexure Tables 3.89, 3.93

Table 1: Rich households � Bihar versus Jharkhand (Income in Rs �000 per annum at 2001-02 prices, households in �000)

Urban Rural

Deprived <90 718.7 3,401.7

Aspirers 90-200 275.5 299.3

Seekers 200-500 34.3 41.1

Strivers 500-1000 6.1 4.7

Near Rich 1000-2000 1.7 0.9

Clear Rich 2000-5000 0.6 0.2

Sheer Rich 5000-10000 0.09 0.02

Super Rich >10000 0.03 0.01

Total 1,037 3,748



Urban Rural

Deprived <90 693.1 907.6

Aspirers 90-200 265.7 79.9

Seekers 200-500 33.1 11.0

Strivers 500-1000 5.8 1.2

Near Rich 1000-2000 1.7 0.3

Clear Rich 2000-5000 0.5 0.1

Sheer Rich 5000-10000 0.09 0.01



Table 3: Income density(Number of households in income class per million households,income in Rs �000 per annum at 2001-02 prices)


Eastern India

C. MEGHALAYA

North-east�s jewel

WITH AN ANNUAL PER CAPITA INCOME OFRs 15,303, the state is not just the jewel of thenorth-east, after West Bengal, it is the jewel of the east� its per capita is almost 3 times that of Bihar. Interms of density, the state has more rich house-holds than most other states in the east, like Biharand Orissa. With 12 �super rich� households per mil-lion households, 39 �sheer rich� and 279 �clear rich�,the state is almost on a par with the much biggerAssam (Chart 2).

The state�s growth record is poor � it is generallythe 6th or the 7th from the bottom when it comes tothe increase in most income classes (Table 1). The stateis, however, 6th from the top when it comes to thegrowth in the number of �deprived� households. Thestate�s share of the country�s middle classes has wors-ened between 1995-96 and 2001-02 (Table 2).

With such poor growth performance, the state�sincome demographics have changed only marginally

BIHAR TO THE RESCUE

Put Bihar next to any state, and that statelooks good! To Meghalaya�s credit, though,it is much better than almost all the BIMARUstates with its share in the country�s populationroughly equal to that in the country�s income.The state�s income distribution looks quitesimilar to that of West Bengal � 78 per cent ofthe state�s households are �deprived� and 18 per

cent are in the �aspirers� category. Again, this is much better than in stateslike Orissa, Bihar or even Assam. In Bihar, 88 per cent of the populationis �deprived�; it is 82 per cent for Assam and 86 per cent for Orissa.






Annexure Table 3.99




Eastern India

between 1995-96 and 2001-02. The proportion of �de-prived� households in the state has dropped from 82per cent to 77, while the proportion of �seekers� hasincreased from 1.7 to 3.3 per cent.

A little over 21 per cent of the state was urbanin 2001-02, and this too is falling with each passingyear (Chart 3). Unlike the much larger Assam,

though, the proportion of rich living in urban areasis much higher. While 70 per cent of Assamese�super rich� live in urban areas, the figure forMeghalaya is a whopping 97 per cent. In the case ofthe �sheer rich�, 65 per cent of Assamese in thisclass lived in urban areas, while the comparative figurefor Meghalaya is 95 per cent (Table 3).

Income class 1995-96 2001-02


Table 2: Meghalaya�s ranking


Income class 1995-96 2001-02 Growth (%)Deprived <90 294.6 321.7 1.5Aspirers 90 - 200 57.8 76.3 4.7Seekers 200-500 6.0 13.7 14.6Strivers 500-1000 0.8 1.8 14.5Near Rich 1000-2000 0.2 0.4 15.1Clear Rich 2000-5000 0.05 0.12 16.2Sheer Rich 5000-10000 0.01 0.02 18.1Super Rich >10000 neg 0.01 19.8



Annexure Table 3.97



Income class Below 0.5 Rural Totalmillion

Deprived <90 42.3 279.4 321.7

Aspirers 90 - 200 36.6 39.7 76.3

Seekers 200-500 8.3 5.4 13.7

Strivers 500-1000 1.3 0.4 1.8

Near Rich 1000-2000 0.4 0.1 0.4

Clear Rich 2000-5000 0.10 0.01 0.11

Sheer Rich 5000-10000 0.02 neg 0.02

Super Rich >10000 0.01 neg 0.01




Eastern India

D. ORISSA

Laggard progress

TRADITIONALLY ONE OF THE COUNTRY�Smore backward states, it has even less rich than stateslike Madhya Pradesh and Himachal Pradesh which hasa sixth its population. In terms of density of population,the state is marginally better off than Bihar andMadhya Pradesh. The state accounts for 4 per cent ofthe country�s population, but is home to around 5 percent of the country�s �deprived� households � this figurewas 4 per cent in 1995-96 (Chart 1).

In terms of growth in different income classes,the state is generally at the bottom of the heap(Table 1). It was second last in the growth in �superrich�, 3rd last in the �sheer rich�, and so on. Itwas, however, ranked 2nd for growth in thenumber of �deprived�.

The state is ranked very low in most incomegroups, and its position has declined over the period1995-96 to 2001-02 (Table 2).

There has been a marginal improvement in

OPPRESSIVE POVERTY

With 3.6 per cent of the country�s populationand 2.4 per cent of its income, Orissa is perhapsone of the poorest regions in the country, withthe usual exception of Bihar. It is just marginallybetter than Uttar Pradesh and worse thaneven Assam. Orissa�s per capita income is 1.8times higher than Bihar�s, marginally higher thanUttar Pradesh and just a bit lower than Assam.

It has one of the country�s most oppressive demographics, with 86 percent of its people in the �deprived� category, and though this has declinedmarginally since 1995-96, the fall is one of the country�s lowest.










Eastern India

the state�s income demographics between 1995-96and 2001-02. The proportion of �deprived� house-holds in the state has dropped from 89 per cent to85, while the proportion of �seekers� has increasedfrom 10 to a little over 12 per cent.

A little under 14 per cent of the state wasurban in 2001-02, and this too is getting lowerwith each passing year (Table 3, Chart 3). As in thecase of Meghalaya, the proportion of rich living in

urban areas is much higher. While 70 per cent of As-samese �super rich� live in urban areas, the figurefor Orissa is 89 per cent. In the case of the �sheerrich�, 65 per cent of Assamese in this class lived inurban areas, while the comparative figure forOrissa is 83 per cent.

Of the population that lives in urban areas,three-fourths lives in towns with less than5,00,000 people.

Income class 1995-96 2001-02

Deprived <90 11 9Aspirers 90 - 200 16 15Seekers 200-500 15 15Strivers 500-1000 16 16Near Rich 1000-2000 16 17Clear Rich 2000-5000 17 17Sheer Rich 5000-10000 17 18Super Rich >10000 17 18

Table 2: Orissa�s ranking


Income class 1995-96 2001-02 Growth (%)Deprived <90 5,243.4 6,631.6 4.0Aspirers 90 - 200 557.4 961.0 9.5Seekers 200-500 89.2 136.7 7.4Strivers 500-1000 9.1 15.3 9.0Near Rich 1000-2000 1.8 3.3 10.8Clear Rich 2000-5000 0.4 0.8 13.1Sheer Rich 5000-10000 neg 0.1 16.3Super Rich >10000 neg neg 19.6

Total 5,901.4 7,749.0 4.6(neg: negligible) Annexure Table 3.101





Income class 0.5 - 1 Below 0.5 Rural Totalmillion million

Deprived <90 162.8 531.8 5,937.1 6,631.6Aspirers 90-200 85.2 234.1 641.7 961.0Seekers 200-500 8.9 30.7 97.1 136.7Strivers 500-1000 1.5 5.3 8.5 15.3Near Rich 1000-2000 0.4 1.5 1.4 3.3Clear Rich 2000-5000 0.1 0.5 0.2 0.8Sheer Rich 5000-10000 0.02 0.07 0.02 0.10Super Rich >10000 0.01 0.03 neg 0.03Total 259.0 804.0 6,686.0 7,749.0Annexure Table 3.213



Eastern India

E. WEST BENGAL

Great leap back

NO STATE, NOT EVEN UTTAR PRADESH, ORany other of the BIMARU1 group, has seen the kindof decline that West Bengal has in terms of its relativerankings. For �super rich�, its all-India rank hasdropped from 7 in 1995-96 to 8 in 2001-02, for the�sheer rich� it from 6 to 9, from 5 to 10 for the �clear rich�,and from 4 to 10 for the �near rich� (Table 2).

Between 1995-96 and 2001-02, the state�s incomedemographics have hardly changed (Chart 1).Thanks to its poor showing, the state is also home toa larger share of the country�s �deprived� � thisshare is up from 8.5 to 9 per cent � and to far fewerrich households. In 1995-96, 3.7 per cent of all �superrich� in the country were to be found in the state, butthe figure was down to 3.1 by 2001-02 (Table 1).

From 79 per cent of its population being in the

1 Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh, a group of India’s backward states





Chart 2: Change in income density (Number of households per million households in each income class)

OH, CALCUTTA

Big cities are generally the lifeline of moststates, but none is so dependent on its topmetro as West Bengal. Without Kolkata, thenumber of rich households in the state falls 80per cent on an average. Naturally, the state�sranking falls dramatically without Kolkata� by five in the case of the number of �superrich�, four in the case of the �sheer� and

�clear� and three in the case of the �near rich�. Kolkata, though, is alsothe fastest growing city in the country in terms of the �deprived�, makingit a bundle of contradictions.




Eastern India

�deprived� category, this has fallen to 78, the pro-portion of �aspirers� has gone up from 18 to 19, andfrom 2.5 to 2.8 in the case of the �seekers�.

A little under 30 per cent of the state wasurban in 2001-02, but in keeping with severallarge states, the majority of the rich live in urbanareas (Table 3, Chart 3 ). Between 90 and 95 percent of the rich live in urban areas, while just 18 percent of the �deprived� live in urban areas. Of those

who live in urban areas, the majority live in bigtowns of over 5 million people each. 90 per cent ofurban �super rich�, for instance, are to be found inbig cities.

Yet, for all its decline, West Bengal remains thetop state of the east with a per capita income of Rs17,893 per annum, a figure that is over threetimes that of Bihar and 1.8 times that of northernstates like Uttar Pradesh.

Income class 1995-96 2001-02

Deprived <90 5 4Aspirers 90 - 200 3 6Seekers 200-500 3 12Strivers 500-1000 4 10Near Rich 1000-2000 4 10Clear Rich 2000-5000 5 10Sheer Rich 5000-10000 6 9Super Rich >10000 7 8

Table 2: West Bengal�s ranking

(All-India ranking based on number of households in each incomeclass, income in Rs �000 per annum at 2001-02 prices)







Income class Over 5 1 - 2 Below 0.5 Rural Totalmillion million million

Deprived <90 1,012.7 99.0 1,085.7 9,932.2 12,129.6Aspirers 90-200 1,537.4 114.0 329.9 929.1 2,910.4Seekers 200-500 277.8 17.7 14.1 121.0 430.5Strivers 500-1000 56.5 3.6 2.9 15.4 78.4Near Rich 1000-2000 18.3 1.2 0.9 3.4 23.8Clear Rich 2000-5000 6.6 0.4 0.3 0.8 8.2

Sheer Rich 5000-10000 1.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 1.5Super Rich >10000 0.53 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.61

Total 2,911.0 236.0 1,434.0 11,002.0 15,583.0(neg: negligible) Annexure Table 3.217



UST A SEVENTH OF INDIA�S TOTALpopulation lives in 67 cities that have apopulation of over 5,00,000 people. But itis in these cities that the bulk of India�smiddle classes live. And as you go up the in-come chain, from the �seekers� to the�strivers� to the various categories of rich, theshare of these 67 cities gets even larger.In 2001-02, three-fourths of the �superrich� lived in these 67 cities, as did 69 percent of the �sheer rich�, 64 per cent of the�clear rich�, and 58 per cent of the �nearrich�. Under 7 per cent of the country�s �de-prived� live in these cities (Chart 1).

All told, these 67 cities are home to 1.4million households with an annual incomeof over Rs 5,00,000 per year � that is,over 55 per cent of Indians with this salarylive in these cities. These cities also have amuch higher density of upper incomehouseholds than the country as a whole. Ofevery million households in the country,there are 13,382 households with an annual

income of over Rs 5 lakh in the country. Thecomparable figure for these 67 cities is51,899. In other words, for every 100households in these cities, more than 5have an annual income of over Rs 5,00,000.

The share of the cities, interestingly, hasnot just increased over time but has gone upsignificantly. In 1995-96, 45 per cent of all

Chapter 15

India�s Top Cities

J URBAN UTOPIACompare India�s top 67 cities with the rest of the

country, especially over time, and it�s clear the cities

are the growth centres. Under 7 per cent of the

country�s �deprived� live in these cities versus 93 per

cent in the rest of India. And, despite their low

population share, 75 per cent of the country�s �super

rich� live in these cities. So while a third of city-

dwellers are �deprived�, the figure is 72 per cent for

the rest of the country. The density of the rich is also

much higher, from 17 �super rich� per million in rural

India to 105 in towns with under 5,00,000 people,

to 851 for areas with over 5 million people.


�super rich� Indian households were to be found in24 cities with a population of over 1 million1. By2001-02, 68 per cent of India�s �super rich� lived inthese cities. In the case of the �sheer rich�, theshare of households to be found in these 24 citiesrose to 62 per cent (Chart 1). The proportion of the

�deprived� living in these cities has fallen fromnearly 6 per cent in 1995-96 to a little over 4 percent in 2001-02.

While Mumbai is traditionally seen as the homeof the rich and famous, it is actually Delhi that is muchricher. Delhi had 5,085 �super rich� households in2001-02 while Mumbai had 4,4392. And whileMumbai�s �super rich� grew at a much faster rate thanDelhi between 1995-96 and 2001-02 (41 per centversus 27), the post-1997 economic slowdown tooka heavier toll on Mumbai. Between 1998-99 and2001-02, Delhi saw a much higher growth in thenumber of �super rich� households (29 versus 14 per


(Per cent growth in selected cities, for �super rich� households)

1995-98 1998-02 1995-01

Ahmedabad 162.2 3.4 64.7

Bangalore 90.6 -16.1 26.5

Chennai 91.8 15.5 48.8

Delhi 25.8 29.1 27.5

Kolkata 24.5 17.7 21.0

Mumbai 75.2 13.7 41.2

ALL CITIES 51.4 20.0 34.8

Table 1: Growth fluctuations

Annexure Table 4.18

Chart 1: Share of cities in various income classes

(Number of households in top 24 cities to all-India, in per cent)


Surat 208.1 343.7 51.0 11.3 3.9 1.5 0.3 0.1 620 Hyderabad 209.8 598.4 303.5 51.0 14.1 4.3 0.7 0.2 1,182 Ludhiana 35.7 121.5 94.1 20.8 7.2 2.8 0.6 0.3 283 Ahmedabad 307.5 520.2 108.9 24.0 8.3 3.2 0.6 0.3 973 Nagpur 156.1 201.0 59.7 15.8 6.4 2.9 0.7 0.4 443 Chennai 515.3 612.0 278.7 54.5 17.1 5.9 1.1 0.4 1,485 Kolkata 1,012.7 1,537.4 277.8 56.5 18.3 6.6 1.2 0.5 2,911 Pune 151.1 447.1 141.3 37.2 14.9 6.8 1.6 1.0 801 Mumbai 816.0 1,745.4 636.3 168.2 67.4 30.8 7.4 4.4 3,476 Delhi 197.9 911.5 969.1 242.2 92.7 40.2 9.2 5.1 2,468 Annexure Table 4.18

Table 2: India�s richest cities in 2001-02(Income in Rs �000 per annum, households in �000)

1 In the 1995-96 survey, NCAER sampled the 24 cities that had a population of over 1 million. In the 2001-02 survey the sampling was extended tocities with 5,00,000 population.

2 For more details on the performance of different cities in each income categories, read chapters 2 to 9. Chapter 2, on the ‘crorepatis’ or ‘super rich’,tells you that Delhi, for instance, has 2,060 ‘crorepatis’ households per million households in the state, compared to Mumbai’s 1,277.


cent). This is not just the case for the �super rich�; theanalysis holds for most income classes.

Indeed, for most cities, there has been a sharpslowdown in the fresh growth in the number of richhouseholds in the 1998-99 to 2001-02 period. Forall 24 cities for which a comparison is possible,there was a 51 per cent annual growth in thenumber of �super rich� households in the 1995-96 to1998-99 period, but this fell to just 20 per cent in the1998-99 to 2001-02 period (Table 1).

In part, this can be explained by the fact thatit is difficult to maintain the same growth on ahigher base. But, expectedly, this drop coincides withindustrial and economic slowdown. Manufacturinggrowth, for instance, fell to 4 per cent in 1997-1998, after averaging 11 per cent in the previousthree years. Being more of a bureaucratic city, andwith more trading than manufacturing activity,Delhi, however, has remained largely immune to thistrend � the city�s growth in most income classes ac-tually rose in the 1998-99 to 2001-02 period. In-terestingly, in this period, Kolkata actually saw ahigher growth in the number of �super rich� house-holds than Mumbai.

While the main metros remain the country�srichest cities, the growth areas lie elsewhere (Tables2 and 3). In the 1995-96 to 2001-02 period, for in-stance, the metros don�t even figure in the top-5growth states. Instead, it is cities like Surat, Nagpur,Vadodara, Ahmedabad and Vijaywada that fea-


Chart 2: India�s fastest growing cities

(Growth between 1995-96 and 2001-02 in per cent)

Deprived Aspirers Seekers Strivers Near Rich Clear Rich Sheer Rich Super Rich<90 90 - 200 200-500 500-1000 1000-2000 2000-5000 5000-10000 >10000

Surat 336 554 82 18 6 2 0 0Hyderabad 178 506 257 43 12 4 1 0Ludhiana 126 429 333 74 25 10 2 1Ahmedabad 316 535 112 25 8 3 1 0Nagpur 352 454 135 36 14 7 2 1Chennai 347 412 188 37 11 4 1 0Kolkata 348 528 95 19 6 2 0 0Pune 189 558 176 46 19 8 2 1Mumbai 235 502 183 48 19 9 2 1Delhi 80 369 393 98 38 16 4 2 Annexure Table 4.20

Table 3: Density of rich households in India�s richest cities in 2001-02(Number of �000 households in income class per million households in city)



ture most prominently. In the case of the �super rich�, for instance,

Nagpur has the highest growth, Surat the second, andthese are followed by Vadodara, Ahmedabad and Vi-jaywada. In the case of the �sheer rich�, the ranking isunchanged except for the fact that Surat and Nagpurswap places. The top five ranks for the �clear rich� arethe same as those for the �sheer rich� (Chart 2).

Look at the growth rates in the 1998-99 to2001-02 period, when the economy slowed dra-matically, and cities like Nagpur and Varanasi figureconsistently. Pune also enters the picture as a fast-growing state. For marketers of premium prod-ucts, these are the cities that merit attention.

As far as the middle class is concerned (definedas �seekers� and �strivers�), the top growth city isCochin, which has seen the middle class grow from10,111 households in 1995-96 to 53,143 in 2001-02,or an annual growth of just under 32 per cent.Chennai is number 2 with an annual growth of27 per cent, Coimbatore 3rd with a little under

27 per cent, Vijaywada 4th with over 26 per cent andHyderabad 5th with annual growth a little bit lowerthan Vijaywada�s.

Though there is no past data to compare with,so no estimate can be made about their pace ofgrowth, industrial/export clusters like Bhiwandiand Tiruppur are also emerging as interestingmarkets. With 162 �super rich� households per mil-lion households in the city, Tiruppur actually had ahigher density of �super rich� than Bangalore (113),and Bhiwandi (438) was streets ahead. Industrialtowns in Punjab also have some of the highest den-sities of �super rich� and other assorted rich classes.

While Delhi had a �super rich� density of 2,060in 2001-02, Jalandhar had an impressive 735, Am-ritsar 750, and Ludhiana 945. Compared withDelhi�s �sheer rich� density of 3,717, Ludhiana had1,995, Amritsar 1,607, and Jalandhar 1,578.

Interestingly, just because a city has a large richpopulation does not mean it doesn�t have �de-prived� households. Around 29 per cent of thepopulation in the 24 cities (with a population of overa million each), for instance, are in the �deprived� cat-egory (Chart 3). This though is dramatically lowerthan the 47 per cent that were deprived in 1995-96.

The share of �aspirers�, similarly, has gone upfrom 43 to 47 per cent in this period. A fourth of thepopulation in these cities forms the middle class, andthis is up from 10 per cent in 1995-96.

Among the cities, Delhi seems to have themost equitable distribution of income, with just 8 percent of its population in the �deprived� category, andanother 37 per cent in the �aspirer� category.Mumbai, by contrast, has 23 per cent of its populationin the �deprived� category, and another 50 per centin the �aspirer� category.

While greater details on 67 cities are available inthe annexures, a profile of 8 important cities, from thepoint of view of the rich and the middle classes, is givenon the next page (Table 4).

Annexure Table 4.18

Chart 3: Household share in different income classes(Per cent of households in income class to total; data for 24 top citiesin 2001-02)



DELHI 1995-96 2001-02 1995-96 2001-02

Deprived <90 538.66 197.93 280.67 80.2Aspirers 90 - 200 981.97 911.55 511.65 369.35Seekers 200-500 290.16 969.12 151.18 392.67Strivers 500-1000 69.05 242.2 35.98 98.14Near rich 1000-2000 25.38 92.71 13.22 37.56Clear rich 2000-5000 10.53 40.24 5.49 16.31Sheer rich 5000-10000 2.29 9.17 1.19 3.72Super rich >10000 1.19 5.09 0.62 2.06

Total 1,919.21 2,468.00

CHENNAI 1995-96 2001-02 1995-96 2001-02

Deprived <90 787.37 515.33 634.85 347.02Aspirers 90 - 200 370.93 612 299.08 412.12Seekers 200-500 68.22 278.66 55 187.65Strivers 500-1000 10.17 54.5 8.2 36.7Near rich 1000-2000 2.63 17.07 2.12 11.49Clear rich 2000-5000 0.77 5.94 0.62 4Sheer rich 5000-10000 0.11 1.06 0.09 0.71Super rich >10000 0.04 0.43 0.03 0.29

Total 1,240.24 1,485.00

COCHIN 1995-96 2001-02 1995-96 2001-02


Total 265.89 323

KOLKATA 1995-96 2001-02 1995-96 2001-02

Deprived <90 1,037.62 1,012.66 415.51 347.87Aspirers 90 - 200 1,184.69 1,537.41 474.41 528.14Seekers 200-500 226.4 277.76 90.66 95.42Strivers 500-1000 35.44 56.54 14.19 19.42Near rich 1000-2000 9.54 18.29 3.82 6.28Clear rich 2000-5000 2.89 6.6 1.16 2.27Sheer rich 5000-10000 0.45 1.23 0.18 0.42Super rich >10000 0.17 0.53 0.07 0.18

Total 2,497.21 2,911.00

MUMBAI 1995-96 2001-02 1995-96 2001-02

Deprived <90 1,121.47 815.98 387.72 234.75Aspirers 90 - 200 1,385.22 1,745.40 478.91 502.13Seekers 200-500 302.26 636.32 104.5 183.06Strivers 500-1000 57.27 168.21 19.8 48.39Near rich 1000-2000 18 67.43 6.22 19.4Clear rich 2000-5000 6.46 30.8 2.23 8.86Sheer rich 5000-10000 1.22 7.43 0.42 2.14Super rich >10000 0.56 4.44 0.19 1.28

Total 2,892.47 3,476.00

NAGPUR 1995-96 2001-02 1995-96 2001-02


Total 343.91 443.00

PUNE 1995-96 2001-02 1995-96 2001-02


Total 528.85 801.00

VARANASI 1995-96 2001-02 1995-96 2001-02

Deprived <90 130.63 91.41 575.94 423.17Aspirers 90 - 200 86.42 100.43 380.99 464.94Seekers 200-500 8.82 20.45 38.91 94.66Strivers 500-1000 0.78 2.84 3.45 13.16Near rich 1000-2000 0.13 0.67 0.59 3.13Clear rich 2000-5000 0.03 0.17 0.11 0.81Sheer rich 5000-10000 neg 0.02 0.01 0.10Super rich >10000 0.00 0.01 neg 0.03

Total 226.82 216.00

Households Households(in �000) per million

Households Households(in �000) per million

Table 4: Density of rich households in India�s richest cities in 2001-02(Number of households in �000s per million households in city, income in Rs �000 per annum at 2001-02 prices)


CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONSUrban Areas: The definition of urban

areas adopted for this study is the same asused in the 2001 census.

Accordingly, urban areas include:lAll places with a municipality/corporation,

cantonment board or a notified town areacommittee;

l All other places satisfying the followingcriteria:lminimum population of 5,000lat least 75 per cent of the male workforceis engaged in non-agricultural pursuitsla population density of over 400 per sq km(1,000 per sq mile).

Size of city/town: Cities/towns are clas-sified by their 2001 census population into thefollowing groups.

1. Over 50 lakh2. 10 to 50 lakh3. 5 to 10 lakh4. 2 to 5 lakh5. 1 to 2 lakh6. 50,000 to 1 lakh7. 20,000 to 50,0008. Below 20,000Household: A household is defined as a

person or a group of persons, related byblood, marriage or adoption, sharing thesame kitchen. Servants, permanent labourersand unrelated members are treated as mem-bers of the household in case they take their

meals regularly from the same kitchen. If aperson is out for more than six monthsduring the reference period (2001-02), he/sheis not treated as a member of the household.

Household income: The Market Infor-mation Survey of Households (MISH) is oneof the few consistent sources providing com-parable household income data on a regularbasis notwithstanding the fact that in the strictsense, MISH is neither an income nor an ex-penditure survey. The main concept of in-come that has been used in the MISH is theconcept of �perceived monetary income�,which includes all income received by thehousehold as a whole, and by each of its mem-bers, during the reference year. This incomeconcept is different from the economic conceptof income as defined by the National AccountsStatistics, which includes employers� contri-butions to provident fund (PF), interest on PF,interest on cumulative deposits and the like.MISH also does not include incomes in kind.Further, certain components of income arenot perceived as income by the respondents andhence get excluded from incomes reported toMISH. Items like reimbursements for travel,medical and such other expenses are not re-ported in MISH. Income estimated fromMISH is, therefore, not directly comparable to�personal disposable income�.

Reference period: The reference periodfor the survey was April 1, 2001, to March 31,


Survey concepts,definitions andmethodology


2002, while primary data were collected duringJune-September 2002.

SURVEY DESCRIPTION AND METHODOLOGY

The MISH surveys aimed to provide three setsof information: demographic profile of households (in-come, education, occupation, etc), estimates of marketsize and penetration of manufactured consumergoods (consumables and durables) and ownership pat-terns. The target population of the survey was the totalpopulation in the country, with states and urban/ruralcategories as sub-populations or target groups, forwhom representative estimates were also sought.

The survey methodology and sampling designadopted is similar to that used by the NationalSample Survey Organisation (NSSO) in its HouseholdBudget Surveys (HBS). MISH is a household surveyand a list of households (sampling frame) is a pre-requisite to selecting the representative sample fromwhich to collect the desired information. The samplingframe needs to be up-to-date and free from errors ofomission and duplication (which is particularly prob-lematic). In developing countries like India, such asampling frame is neither readily available nor can itbe easily prepared since developing new frames is anexpensive proposition. The survey design adopteda three-stage stratification in which a ready-made framecould be used at least for the first two stages, and asampling frame developed in the last stage.

NCAER�s experience with socio-economic surveysin India has been that, more than the total sample size,it is the geographical spread over the country that ismore important from the point of view of statistical ef-ficiency of estimates. This applies perhaps even moreso to income and expenditure, whose distributionacross the population is likely to show a large degreeof heterogeneity. Consequently, a notable feature of thesurvey design is that the sample of households was se-lected from a wide cross-section of households in thecountry, covering both rural and urban areas, with the

objective of enhancing the precision of the estimates.The rural sample for the survey was selected from a rep-resentative number of districts across the country,while the urban sample covered a range from bigcities to small towns with populations below 5,000.

While the first two stages of stratification inthe survey used pre-existing sampling frames, thesurvey developed a sampling frame of households atthe third and last stage. In the absence of a definitivelist of households, households in the selected villagesand urban blocks were randomly selected byadopting systematic random sampling. In the case oflarge villages/urban blocks, a fraction of householdswere listed in view of time and cost constraints.These households were randomly chosen.

SAMPLE SELECTION AND SAMPLE SIZEFor all rounds of MISH a multi-stage stratified

sampling scheme has been adopted. Sample districts,villages and households form the first, second and thirdstages, respectively, of selection for the rural sample whilecities/towns, urban blocks and households are thethree stages of selection for the urban sample.

Technically the sampling methodology is ap-proximately the same for all the rounds of MISH.However, the actual locations (sample villages andtowns) and households are independently selectedfor each round. The survey covers all states/UnionTerritories (UTs) of India except for the states thatpose operational difficulty in the coverage1.

SELECTION OF RURAL SAMPLEOver 70 per cent of India�s population live in

about 6,00,000 villages spread over 550 districts in32 states. To provide adequate geographical coverageof sample households within a state, the districtswere cross-classified by rural population and in-come from agriculture to form homogeneous strata.The number of such strata in a state was deter-mined on considerations of the range of the strati-fication variables and the resulting frequency in

1 The states/Union Territories that are left out of MISH survey are Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, Tripura, Jammu and Kashmir,Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Lakshadweep. These account for 3 to 4 per cent of the country’s total population.


each stratum. From each of effective strata a pre-as-signed number of districts, depending on the size ofthe stratum, was randomly selected. A total numberof 221 districts were selected as the first stage and thedistribution of number of sample districts among var-ious states was done in the proportion of rural pop-ulation of the state in 2001 (Census 2001).

Villages formed the second stage of selection pro-cedure. District-wise lists of villages are available fromcensus records (Census 1991) along with popula-tion. Two to six villages were selected independentlyfrom each sample district by adopting probabilityproportional to the population of the village. A totalof about 856 villages were covered for the study.

The households (approximately 200) in eachsample village were selected by adopting systematicrandom sampling. From each sample household,the relevent information was collected by askingquestions about all members of households on in-formation related to demographics (individualmember�s age, gender, education, occupation, in-come) and information related to the consumerdurable products such as ownership, current year pur-chases, consumer finance, etc, through a well-designedquestionnaire. The profile of rural sample has beengiven in Table 2.

SELECTION OF URBAN SAMPLE The process of selecting households in the

urban areas was roughly similar to that of rural areas.According to the 2001 census, there are about 4,850cities/towns in the states/UTs (excluding Jammu &Kashmir). The population of cities/towns in India variesfrom less than 5,000 to over a crore. There are 64 citieswith a population exceeding 10 lakh. All the cities wereselected with a probability of one. The remainingcities/towns were grouped into seven strata on the basisof their population size and from each stratum asample of towns was selected independently.

A progressively increasing sampling fraction withincreasing town population class was used for de-termining the number of towns to be selected fromeach stratum. The sampling fraction was used at thestate level. (Table 1).

In all, 687 cities and towns thus selected wereconstituted the first stage of the sample for urban areas.These accounted for over 15 per cent of the totalcities/towns in the country but, more importantly, willcover a major part of the urban population.

The NSSO Urban Frame Survey (UFS) blockmaps were used to select urban blocks. A sample ofsuch blocks was selected independently from eachsample city/town and constituted the second stage unitfor the urban sample. The number of blocks fromeach city/town thus selected varied between twoand 60, depending on the size of city/town and thetotal number of such blocks.

Town population Sampling No of cities group (in �000) fraction selectedOver 500 1.00 66200 - 500 0.40 85100 - 200 0.30 11850 - 100 0.25 11220 - 50 0.10 13210 - 20 0.10 725 - 10 0.05 63Below 5 0.04 18All India 0.15 666

Table 1: Sampling fraction for city/town groups (by state)

Sample size and distributionRRuurraall ssaammpplleeDistricts: 221Villages: 858Households

Listed : 96,000Selected: 8,580

Urban sampleTowns: 666UFS blocks: 3,100Households

Listed: 320,000Selected: 31,000


Number of sample towns/cities by size of townState/ Union Over 50-100* 10-50* 5-10* 2-5* 1-2* 1*-50# 20-50# Below No. of sample No.of sample No.of sample Territory 100* 20# towns blocks households

Andhra Pradesh - 1 2 1 11 16 14 6 4 55 278 33,402Assam - - - 1 - 3 2 3 6 15 49 5,924Bihar - - 1 - 3 6 5 7 4 26 101 11,395Chandigarh - - 1 - - - - - - 1 10 1,500Chhattisgarh - - - 2 2 3 2 2 4 15 64 5,683Delhi 1 - - - - - - - - 1 60 5,419Goa - - - - - 1 2 2 5 10 26 2,434Gujarat - - 4 2 4 6 8 8 5 37 196 23,205Haryana - - 1 - 6 5 2 3 5 22 96 9,995Himachal Pradesh - - - - - 1 - 2 5 8 20 1,600Jharkhand - - 2 1 1 3 4 4 5 20 92 9,547Karnataka - 1 - 3 7 5 8 11 5 40 199 24,647Kerala - - 1 2 4 3 5 7 5 27 117 9,429Madhya Pradesh - - 3 1 4 7 6 10 12 43 179 15,584Maharashtra 1 - 3 2 10 6 11 13 8 54 307 34,559Meghalaya - - - - 1 - 1 2 3 7 21 1,595Orissa - - - 2 3 2 4 4 5 20 80 9,185Pondicherry - - - 1 1 - 1 - 1 4 21 2,316Punjab - - 2 1 2 5 5 4 5 24 109 8,630Rajasthan - - 1 2 4 6 6 9 5 33 143 14,397Tamil Nadu - 1 2 3 7 12 11 18 27 81 331 37,288Uttar Pradesh - - 6 1 9 18 14 18 19 85 362 39,089Uttaranchal - - - 1 1 2 2 2 5 13 46 4,121West Bengal 1 - 1 - 5 8 6 6 10 37 193 20,905ALL URBAN 3 3 29 31 85 118 112 132 153 666 3,100 331,849

* lakh; # �000

Table 3: Sample profile � urban

State/ Union Territory Number of Number of Number of sample districts sample villages sample households

Andhra Pradesh 12 56 6,488Assam 13 43 4,318Bihar 13 58 6,098Chandigarh 1 4 600Chhattisgarh 4 19 1,755Delhi 1 4 332Goa 2 4 295Gujarat 12 43 4,656Haryana 8 23 2,422Himachal Pradesh 8 19 458Jharkhand 8 30 2,920Karnataka 12 45 5,394Kerala 8 35 3,194

Madhya Pradesh 16 54 4,686

Maharashtra 19 80 9,183

Meghalaya 5 10 617

Orissa 8 35 3,506

Pondicherry 2 4 419

Punjab 8 30 2,011

Rajasthan 13 48 4,976

Tamil Nadu 12 54 5,941

Uttar Pradesh 23 101 11,022

Uttaranchal 4 11 858

West Bengal 9 48 5,496

ALL INDIA 221 858 87,645

State/ Union Territory Number of Number of Number of sample districts sample villages sample households

Table 2: Sample profile � rural

SAMPLINGThe larger villages exhibit a high degree

of variation in the ownership and purchase ofconsumer goods. Varying probability selectionwas done to ensure that larger villages wereadequately represented in the sample. The dis-tribution of sample villages in the 2001-02Market Information Survey of Households(MISH) indicates that larger villages wereover-represented and smaller villages wereunder-represented. However, the estimateddistributions of villages and population basedon MISH are very close to the distributionsavailable in the 2001 census.

Another source to validate MISH datais the tourism study conducted by NCAER for2002. In the tourism study, primary datawas collected from 8,00,000 households in tworounds. The comparative distribution of thevillages and population were similar to the dis-tribution in the Census (Chart 1).

Comparing the population estimatesfrom MISH 2001-02 with those availablefrom the 2001 census provides anothercheck (Table 2). At the all-India level, theMISH tracks official population estimates rel-atively closely � the MISH-based estimateof population, households and householdsize for both rural as well as urban India areshown in Table 1.

INCOMEAt the all-India level, perceived mone-

tary income as captured by various MISH sur-veys varies 63 to 74 per cent of Net State Do-mestic Product (NSDP) for the states covered

under MISH. In spite of the under-estima-tion of income through MISH surveys, the di-rection of change is similar to that of theNational Accounts Statistics (NAS) which ismeaningful for policy analysis (Suman Bery andR K Shukla, 2003)

1.


Validation of resultsChart 1: Distribution of villages and

population: Census 2001, Tourism 2002 and MISH 2001-02

1 Bery, Suman and Shukla, R.K. (2002) NCAER’s Market Information Survey of Households: Statistical Properties and Application forPolicy Annalysis. Special issue of Economic and Political Weekly, January 25, 2003.

Another source to validate the MISH incomequestion is the Macro Impact of Micro Economic andAdjustment Policies (MIMAP) study conducted byNCAER for 1994-95. MISH was also conductedin this year. In the MIMAP study, primary datawas collected from 5,000 households to obtain de-tails of income, expenditure, savings and employmentand other social indicators from different cate-gories of households in both rural and urban India.

In other words, coverage of income is better inthe MIMAP because it includes more componentssuch as imputed and accrued but not realised in-comes. The distribution of income by quantilegroups of population (obtained by converting thehousehold income data to individual income data)from three surveys is similar for both rural andurban areas (Table 2).

The validity checks made above reflect a fair de-gree of match with other surveys in regard to the dis-tributional properties. In the light of the specific ob-jectives of the MISH survey, it does not adopt an eco-nomic concept of income. However, its consistencywith regard to the methodology and coverage givesus a fair degree of confidence towards using this datafor demographic analyses oriented towards mean-ingful policy research.


Census 2001 MISH (2002)Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total

Population (million) 742 285 1,027 732 287 1,019

Households (million) 138 54 192 135 54 189

Household size 5.37 5.31 5.35 5.42 5.31 5.39

Table 1: Census 2001 and MISH 2002

(Per cent share in income)

Quantile MIMAP MISH Tourismgroup (1994-95) (2001-02) '(2002)

Rural Urban Rural Urban Rural Urban

Q1 7.0 6.0 6.2 5.6 6.4 6.7

Q2 11.2 10.6 11.2 13.1 11.4 12.8

Q3 15.7 15.5 16.0 16.6 17.4 17.6

Q4 21.5 22.4 22.5 23.8 23.4 22.5

Q5 44.6 45.5 44.1 40.9 41.4 40.5

Gini 0.38 0.39 0.36 0.37 0.35 0.33

Household income 27,411 57,675 51,610 86,907 61,683 96,955(Rs per annum)

PCI 4,860 11,309 9,522 16,367 12,306 21,787 (Rs per annum)

Table 2: Income distribution by quantile groups

NE OF THE BY-PRODUCTS OF THEMarket Information Survey of Households(MISH) surveys is the distribution of house-holds by income. With such a large sample,the surveys could provide income distri-butions at a much-disaggregated level. Thedistributions are available at the state levelfor rural and urban areas separately. Further,for urban areas, distributions are availablefor each state for town groups classified bypopulation. Distribution for individualtowns is also available for cities with popu-lation of 5,00,000 and more. Such aunique data set is not available from anyother source.

Despite the large sample size, thehigher-income groups (annual household in-come over Rs 1,80,000 for the year 2001-02)could not be extended further due to fewerobservations because their distribution is er-ratic due to small sample sizes. This isprobably because the sample selected is inrandom clusters and rich households tend tolive in clusters.

To derive such a distribution purelythrough sample surveys would mean in-creasing the sample several folds. In view ofthis, we have used a theoretical model to es-timate the distribution of high-incomehouseholds beyond the range available inMISH. The broad approach is to approxi-mate the existing observed distributions toa theoretical distribution and then extend thetheoretical distribution for the desired incomeranges.

THE THEORETICAL MODELOne of the income distributions com-

monly used to explain the rich is throughPareto�s Law, first started by its author in1897. According to Pareto�s Law, if N(y) isthe number of people or households havingan income over �y�, then

N(y) = by-a , where a and b are parameters.

When this law is turned into a proba-bility distribution, we get

F(y) = P(y < = y) = 1 - N(y)N (y0)

Where y0 is the lowest income (exoge-nously fixed) beyond which Pareto�s Law ap-plies.

If we set y* =y

Where y* > 1, theny0

F(y*) =1- 1 = 1 - (y*)-a

(y*)a

The corresponding density functionis given by

f(y*) = a = a.(y*)(-1-a)

(y*)(1+a)

and the mean income in the originalmoney units is

E(y) = y0aa-1

ESTIMATED INCOME DISTRIBUTIONThe parameter �a� can be estimated

from the observed frequencies generated


Estimating the highincome groups

O

through MISH. Since the Pareto Distribution hasonly a single parameter, equating the expectedmean income as given earlier with the observedmean from the MISH sample, it is possible to de-rive an estimate of �a�. This procedure would,however, fail to take into account the dispersion ordisparity in income distribution. A better procedurewould be to use the minimum chi-square methodto estimate �a�.

The theoretical model is fitted for households

with an annual income over Rs. 40,500. The originaldata were reclassified into finer income groups in orderto get a better estimate of �a�. In all, the householdswere distributed into 32 income classes. The uppertail, that is, above Rs 1,80,000, had 20 classes.

From this distribution the value of �a�was es-timated through the method of minimum chi-square. This value of �a� was used to derive the the-oretical frequencies of households in the differentincome groups.



Table 1.1: Distribution of Households by States ('000)Year: 2001-02

States Urban Rural TotalHaryana 1,051 2,419 3,470Himachal Pradesh 140 1,082 1,222Chhattisgarh 772 3,311 4,083Madhya Pradesh 2,733 8,009 10,742Punjab 1,457 2,736 4,193Uttar Pradesh 5,730 21,290 27,020Uttaranchal 382 1,179 1,561Chandigarh 177 24 201Delhi 2,468 250 2,718North 14,910 40,300 55,210Gujarat 3,675 5,802 9,477Rajasthan 2,137 7,054 9,191Maharashtra 7,891 10,836 18,727Goa 135 139 274West 13,838 23,831 37,669Andhra Pradesh 4,801 12,495 17,296Karnataka 3,478 6,580 10,058Kerala 1,797 4,872 6,669Tamil Nadu 5,768 8,156 13,924Pondicherry 133 71 204South 15,977 32,174 48,151Assam 699 4,160 4,859Bihar 1,293 12,479 13,772Jharkhand 1,037 3,748 4,785Meghalaya 89 325 414Orissa 1,063 6,686 7,749West Bengal 4,581 11,002 15,583East 8,762 38,400 47,162All India 53,487 134,705 188,192

Table 1.2: Percentage Distribution of Households by StatesYear: 2001-02

States Urban Rural TotalHaryana 1.96 1.80 1.84Himachal Pradesh 0.26 0.80 0.65Chhattisgarh 1.44 2.46 2.17Madhya Pradesh 5.11 5.95 5.71Punjab 2.72 2.03 2.23Uttar Pradesh 10.71 15.80 14.36Uttaranchal 0.71 0.88 0.83Chandigarh 0.33 0.02 0.11Delhi 4.61 0.19 1.44North 27.88 29.92 29.34Gujarat 6.87 4.31 5.04Rajasthan 4.00 5.24 4.88Maharashtra 14.75 8.04 9.95Goa 0.25 0.10 0.15West 25.87 17.69 20.02Andhra Pradesh 8.98 9.28 9.19Karnataka 6.50 4.88 5.34Kerala 3.36 3.62 3.54Tamil Nadu 10.78 6.05 7.40Pondicherry 0.25 0.05 0.11South 29.87 23.88 25.59Assam 1.31 3.09 2.58Bihar 2.42 9.26 7.32Jharkhand 1.94 2.78 2.54Meghalaya 0.17 0.24 0.22Orissa 1.99 4.96 4.12West Bengal 8.56 8.17 8.28East 16.38 28.51 25.06All India 100 100 100


Table 1.3: Percentage Distribution of Households � Urban/RuralYear: 2001-02

States Urban Rural TotalHaryana 30.29 69.71 100Himachal Pradesh 11.46 88.54 100Chhattisgarh 18.91 81.09 100Madhya Pradesh 25.44 74.56 100Punjab 34.75 65.25 100Uttar Pradesh 21.21 78.79 100Uttaranchal 24.47 75.53 100Chandigarh 88.06 11.94 100Delhi 90.80 9.20 100North 27.01 72.99 100Gujarat 38.78 61.22 100Rajasthan 23.25 76.75 100Maharashtra 42.14 57.86 100Goa 49.27 50.73 100West 36.74 63.26 100Andhra Pradesh 27.76 72.24 100Karnataka 34.58 65.42 100Kerala 26.95 73.05 100Tamil Nadu 41.42 58.58 100Pondicherry 65.20 34.80 100South 33.18 66.82 100Assam 14.39 85.61 100Bihar 9.39 90.61 100Jharkhand 21.67 78.33 100Meghalaya 21.50 78.50 100Orissa 13.72 86.28 100West Bengal 29.40 70.60 100East 18.58 81.42 100All India 28.42 71.58 100

Table 1.4: States Ranked by Total HouseholdsUrban

Year: 2001-02Rank State Total households ('000) Percentage1 Meghalaya 89 0.172 Pondicherry 133 0.253 Goa 135 0.254 Himachal Pradesh 140 0.265 Chandigarh 177 0.336 Uttaranchal 382 0.717 Assam 699 1.318 Chhattisgarh 772 1.449 Jharkhand 1,037 1.9410 Haryana 1,051 1.9611 Orissa 1,063 1.9912 Bihar 1,293 2.4213 Punjab 1,457 2.7214 Kerala 1,797 3.3615 Rajasthan 2,137 4.0016 Delhi 2,468 4.6117 Madhya Pradesh 2,733 5.1118 Karnataka 3,478 6.5019 Gujarat 3,675 6.8720 West Bengal 4,581 8.5621 Andhra Pradesh 4,801 8.9822 Uttar Pradesh 5,730 10.7123 Tamil Nadu 5,768 10.7824 Maharashtra 7,891 14.75

All India 53,487 100.00Regions North 14,910 27.88

West 13,838 25.87South 15,977 29.87East 8,762 16.38


Table 1.5: States Ranked by Total HouseholdsRural

Year: 2001-02Rank State Total households ('000) Percentage1 Chandigarh 24 0.022 Pondicherry 71 0.053 Goa 139 0.104 Delhi 250 0.195 Meghalaya 325 0.246 Himachal Pradesh 1,082 0.807 Uttaranchal 1,179 0.888 Haryana 2,419 1.809 Punjab 2,736 2.0310 Chhattisgarh 3,311 2.4611 Jharkhand 3,748 2.7812 Assam 4,160 3.0913 Kerala 4,872 3.6214 Gujarat 5,802 4.3115 Karnataka 6,580 4.8816 Orissa 6,686 4.9617 Rajasthan 7,054 5.2418 Madhya Pradesh 8,009 5.9519 Tamil Nadu 8,156 6.0520 Maharashtra 10,836 8.0421 West Bengal 11,002 8.1722 Bihar 12,479 9.2623 Andhra Pradesh 12,495 9.2824 Uttar Pradesh 21,290 15.80


West 23,831 17.69South 32,174 23.88East 38,400 28.51

Table 1.6: States Ranked by Total HouseholdsAll India

Year: 2001-02Rank State Total households ('000) Percentage1 Chandigarh 201 0.112 Pondicherry 204 0.113 Goa 274 0.154 Meghalaya 414 0.225 Himachal Pradesh 1,222 0.656 Uttaranchal 1,561 0.837 Delhi 2,718 1.448 Haryana 3,470 1.849 Chhattisgarh 4,083 2.1710 Punjab 4,193 2.2311 Jharkhand 4,785 2.5412 Assam 4,859 2.5813 Kerala 6,669 3.5414 Orissa 7,749 4.1215 Rajasthan 9,191 4.8816 Gujarat 9,477 5.0417 Karnataka 10,058 5.3418 Madhya Pradesh 10,742 5.7119 Bihar 13,772 7.3220 Tamil Nadu 13,924 7.4021 West Bengal 15,583 8.2822 Andhra Pradesh 17,296 9.1923 Maharashtra 18,727 9.9524 Uttar Pradesh 27,020 14.36


West 37,669 20.02South 48,151 25.59East 47,162 25.06


Table 1.7: Distribution of Households by State and Size of Town ('000)Year: 2001-02

States Over 5 2-5 1-2 500-1,000 Below 500 All urbanmillion million million thousand thousand

Haryana 191 860 1,051Himachal Pradesh 140 140Chhattisgarh 329 443 772Madhya Pradesh 779 155 1,799 2,733Punjab 475 131 851 1,457Uttar Pradesh 903 1,032 464 3,331 5,730Uttaranchal 96 286 382Chandigarh 177 177Delhi 2,468 2,468North 2,468 903 2,477 1,492 7,570 14,910Gujarat 1,593 531 224 1,327 3,675Rajasthan 406 265 1,466 2,137Maharashtra 3,476 1,244 245 316 2,610 7,891Goa 135 135West 3,476 3,243 776 940 5,403 13,838Andhra Pradesh 1,182 489 119 3,011 4,801Karnataka 1,215 376 1,887 3,478Kerala 323 401 1,073 1,797Tamil Nadu 1,485 610 488 3,185 5,768Pondicherry 133 133South 3,882 0 1,422 1,517 9,156 15,977Assam 174 525 699Bihar 266 1,027 1,293Jharkhand 407 160 470 1,037Meghalaya 89 89Orissa 259 804 1,063West Bengal 2,911 236 1,434 4,581East 2,911 0 909 593 4,349 8,762All India 12,737 4,146 5,584 4,542 26,478 53,487

Table 1.8: Percentage Distribution of Households by State and Size of TownYear: 2001-02


Haryana 0 0 3.42 0 3.25 1.96Himachal Pradesh 0 0 0 3.08 0 0.26Chhattisgarh 0 0 0 7.24 1.67 1.44Madhya Pradesh 0 0 13.95 3.41 6.79 5.11Punjab 0 0 8.51 2.88 3.21 2.72Uttar Pradesh 0 21.78 18.48 10.22 12.58 10.71Uttaranchal 0 0 0 2.11 1.08 0.71Chandigarh 0 0 0 3.90 0 0.33Delhi 19.38 0 0 0 0 4.61North 19.38 21.78 44.36 32.85 28.59 27.88Gujarat 0 38.42 9.51 4.93 5.01 6.87Rajasthan 0 9.79 0 5.83 5.54 4.00Maharashtra 27.29 30.00 4.39 6.96 9.86 14.75Goa 0 0 0 2.97 0 0.25West 27.29 78.22 13.90 20.70 20.41 25.87Andhra Pradesh 9.28 0 8.76 2.62 11.37 8.98Karnataka 9.54 0 0 8.28 7.13 6.50Kerala 0 0 5.78 8.83 4.05 3.36Tamil Nadu 11.66 0 10.92 10.74 12.03 10.78Pondicherry 0 0 0 2.93 0 0.25South 30.48 0 25.47 33.40 34.58 29.87Assam 0 0 0 3.83 1.98 1.31Bihar 0 0 4.76 0 3.88 2.42Jharkhand 0 0 7.29 3.52 1.78 1.94Meghalaya 0 0 0 0 0.34 0.17Orissa 0 0 0 5.70 3.04 1.99West Bengal 22.85 0 4.23 0 5.42 8.56East 22.85 0 16.28 13.06 16.42 16.38All India 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00


Table 1.9: Percentage Distribution of Households by Size of Town within StateYear: 2001-02


Haryana 0 0 18.17 0 81.83 100.00Himachal Pradesh 0 0 0 100.00 0 100.00Chhattisgarh 0 0 0 42.62 57.38 100.00Madhya Pradesh 0 0 28.50 5.67 65.83 100.00Punjab 0 0 32.60 8.99 58.41 100.00Uttar Pradesh 0 15.76 18.01 8.10 58.13 100.00Uttaranchal 0 0 0 25.13 74.87 100.00Chandigarh 0 0 0 100.00 0 100.00Delhi 100 0 0 0 0 100.00North 16.55 6.06 16.61 10.01 50.77 100.00Gujarat 0 43.35 14.45 6.10 36.11 100.00Rajasthan 0 19.00 0 12.40 68.60 100.00Maharashtra 44.05 15.76 3.10 4.00 33.08 100.00Goa 0 0 0 100.00 0 100.00West 25.12 23.44 5.61 6.79 39.04 100.00Andhra Pradesh 24.62 0 10.19 2.48 62.72 100.00Karnataka 34.93 0 0 10.81 54.26 100.00Kerala 0 0 17.97 22.31 59.71 100.00Tamil Nadu 25.75 0 10.58 8.46 55.22 100.00Pondicherry 0 0 0 100.00 0 100.00South 24.30 0.00 8.90 9.50 57.31 100.00Assam 0 0 0 24.89 75.11 100.00Bihar 0 0 20.57 0 79.43 100.00Jharkhand 0 0 39.25 15.43 45.32 100.00Meghalaya 0 0 0 0 100.00 100.00Orissa 0 0 0 24.37 75.63 100.00West Bengal 63.55 0.00 5.15 0 31.30 100.00East 33.22 0.00 10.37 6.77 49.63 100.00All India 23.81 7.75 10.44 8.49 49.50 100.00

Table 2.1: Household Distribution by Income ('000)All India

Year: 2001-02Income Class (Rs '000) Urban Rural TotalBelow 90 24,632 110,746 135,37890 - 135 7,305 5,532 12,838135 - 200 13,962 14,462 28,424200 - 250 2,224 1,373 3,597250 - 300 1,324 760 2,084300 - 500 2,214 1,139 3,353500 - 750 854 372 1,226750 - 1,000 351 135 4851,000 - 1,500 291 99 3901,500 - 2,000 119 36 1552,000 - 3,000 99 27 1263,000 - 5,000 62 14 765,000 - 7,500 24 5 287,500 - 10,000 10 2 11Above 10,000 17 2 20Total households 53,487 134,705 188,192

Table 2.2: Rich Households ('000)All India

Year: 2001-02Income Class (Rs '000) Urban Rural TotalOver 500 1,826 692 2,518Over 1,000 622 185 807Over 2,000 212 49 261Over 5,000 51 9 60Over 10,000 17 2 20


Table 2.3: Households Per Million by IncomeAll India

Year: 2001-02Income Class (Rs '000) Urban Rural TotalBelow 90 460,524 822,137 719,36190 - 135 136,582 41,070 68,216135 - 200 261,031 107,362 151,037200 - 250 41,581 10,190 19,112250 - 300 24,749 5,645 11,075300 - 500 41,392 8,457 17,818500 - 750 15,963 2,765 6,516750 - 1,000 6,555 1,001 2,5801,000 - 1,500 5,435 738 2,0731,500 - 2,000 2,231 267 8262,000 - 3,000 1,850 197 6673,000 - 5,000 1,155 105 4045,000 - 7,500 445 34 1517,500 - 10,000 183 12 61Above 10,000 324 17 104

Table 2.4: Rich Households Per MillionAll India

Year: 2001-02Income Class (Rs '000) Urban Rural TotalOver 500 34,141 5,139 13,382Over 1,000 11,623 1,373 4,286Over 2,000 3,957 367 1,387Over 5,000 952 64 316Over 10,000 324 17 104

Table 2.5: Distribution of Households by Income and Size of Town ('000)All India

Year: 2001 - 02Income Class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 All urban(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandBelow 90 3,126 1,423 2,473 2,197 15,413 24,63290 - 135 2,189 795 772 619 2,931 7,305135 - 200 3,847 1,270 1,552 1,160 6,133 13,962200 - 250 987 188 246 177 626 2,224250 - 300 602 113 143 103 363 1,324300 - 500 1,044 191 230 165 584 2,214500 - 750 423 76 84 60 212 854750 - 1,000 180 32 33 23 83 3511,000 - 1,500 153 27 26 19 66 2911,500 - 2,000 65 11 10 7 26 1192,000 - 3,000 55 10 8 6 20 993,000 - 5,000 35 6 5 3 12 625,000 - 7,500 14 2 2 1 4 247,500 - 10,000 6 1 1 0 2 10Above 10,000 11 2 1 1 3 17Total 12,737 4,146 5,584 4,542 26,478 53,487

Table 2.6: Rich Households by Size of Town ('000)All India

Year: 2001 - 02Income Class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 All urban(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandOver 500 942 166 169 121 428 1,826Over 1,000 340 59 52 37 133 622Over 2,000 121 21 16 12 41 212Over 5,000 31 5 3 2 9 51Over 10,000 11 2 1 1 3 17


Table 2.7: Households Per Million by Size of TownAll India

Year: 2001 - 02Income Class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 All urban(Rs '000) million million million tThousand thousandBelow 90 245,455 343,336 442,792 483,749 582,087 460,52490 - 135 171,837 191,696 138,210 136,357 110,689 136,582135 - 200 302,006 306,294 277,968 255,374 231,631 261,031200 - 250 77,489 45,262 44,071 38,931 23,661 41,581250 - 300 47,276 27,162 25,587 22,612 13,725 24,749300 - 500 81,959 46,106 41,164 36,371 22,049 41,392500 - 750 33,205 18,234 14,960 13,200 7,999 15,963750 - 1,000 14,107 7,646 5,866 5,167 3,134 6,5551,000 - 1,500 12,046 6,474 4,654 4,093 2,486 5,4351,500 - 2,000 5,091 2,719 1,822 1,599 974 2,2312,000 - 3,000 4,328 2,303 1,443 1,265 773 1,8503,000 - 5,000 2,784 1,478 847 742 456 1,1555,000 - 7,500 1,105 587 306 268 166 4457,500 - 10,000 462 246 119 105 65 183Above 10,000 851 456 189 167 105 324

Table 2.8: Rich Households Per Million by Size of TownAll India

Year: 2001 - 02Income-Class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 All urban(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandOver 500 73,979 40,143 30,207 26,607 16,159 34,141Over 1,000 26,667 14,263 9,381 8,240 5,026 11,623Over 2,000 9,530 5,071 2,905 2,548 1,566 3,957Over 5,000 2,418 1,289 614 540 336 952Over 10,000 851 456 189 167 105 324

Table 2.9: States� Ranking: Household Income Below Rs 90,000 Per Annum(Number of households)

UrbanYear: 2001-02

Rank State Households Percentage24 Goa 15,920 0.0623 Chandigarh 21,500 0.0922 Meghalaya 42,337 0.1721 Himachal Pradesh 54,830 0.2220 Pondicherry 68,472 0.2819 Delhi 197,929 0.8018 Uttaranchal 209,009 0.8517 Haryana 266,909 1.0816 Assam 303,531 1.2315 Punjab 431,196 1.7514 Chhattisgarh 542,710 2.2013 Orissa 694,532 2.8212 Kerala 716,644 2.9111 Jharkhand 718,712 2.9210 Bihar 907,757 3.699 Rajasthan 1,161,843 4.728 Gujarat 1,480,908 6.017 Karnataka 1,605,643 6.526 Andhra Pradesh 1,628,403 6.615 Madhya Pradesh 1,859,367 7.554 West Bengal 2,197,417 8.923 Tamil Nadu 2,968,334 12.052 Maharashtra 3,148,007 12.781 Uttar Pradesh 3,390,165 13.76

Total 24,632,077 100.00Regions North 6,973,616 28.31

West 6,987,496 28.37South 5,806,678 23.57East 4,864,286 19.75


Table 2.10: States� Ranking: Household Income Below Rs 90,000 Per Annum (Numbers in per million households) Urban

Year: 2001-02Rank State Per million households Index All India=10024 Delhi 80,198 17.4123 Goa 117,927 25.6122 Chandigarh 121,472 26.3821 Haryana 253,957 55.1520 Punjab 295,948 64.2619 Andhra Pradesh 339,180 73.6518 Himachal Pradesh 391,646 85.0417 Kerala 398,800 86.6016 Maharashtra 398,936 86.6315 Gujarat 402,968 87.5014 Assam 434,236 94.2913 Karnataka 461,657 100.2512 Meghalaya 475,692 103.2911 West Bengal 479,680 104.1610 Tamil Nadu 514,619 111.759 Pondicherry 514,829 111.798 Rajasthan 543,680 118.067 Uttaranchal 547,145 118.816 Uttar Pradesh 591,652 128.475 Orissa 653,370 141.884 Madhya Pradesh 680,339 147.733 Jharkhand 693,069 150.502 Bihar 702,055 152.451 Chhattisgarh 702,992 152.65


West 419,618 91.12South 437,347 94.97East 555,157 120.55

Table 2.11: States� Ranking: Household Income Between Rs 90,000 and Rs 200,000 Per Annum(Number of households) Urban

Year: 2001-02Rank State Households Percentage24 Meghalaya 36,575 0.1723 Pondicherry 53,833 0.2522 Himachal Pradesh 63,364 0.3021 Chandigarh 73,104 0.3420 Goa 73,412 0.3519 Uttaranchal 133,027 0.6318 Chhattisgarh 179,855 0.8517 Jharkhand 275,480 1.3016 Orissa 319,346 1.5015 Assam 334,397 1.5714 Bihar 335,713 1.5813 Haryana 509,597 2.4012 Punjab 674,757 3.1711 Madhya Pradesh 767,289 3.6110 Rajasthan 791,858 3.729 Kerala 792,588 3.738 Delhi 911,547 4.297 Karnataka 1,475,572 6.946 Gujarat 1,763,768 8.295 Uttar Pradesh 1,909,965 8.984 West Bengal 1,981,315 9.323 Tamil Nadu 2,145,551 10.092 Andhra Pradesh 2,367,125 11.131 Maharashtra 3,298,108 15.51


West 6,834,669 32.14South 5,927,146 27.87East 3,282,826 15.44


Table 2.12: States� Ranking: Household Income Between Rs 90,000 and Rs 200,000 Per Annum (Numbers in per million households) Urban

Year: 2001-02Rank State Per million households Index All India=10024 Chhattisgarh 232,972 58.5923 Bihar 259,639 65.3022 Jharkhand 265,651 66.8121 Madhya Pradesh 280,750 70.6120 Orissa 300,419 75.5619 Uttar Pradesh 333,327 83.8318 Uttaranchal 348,239 87.5817 Delhi 369,346 92.8916 Rajasthan 370,547 93.1915 Tamil Nadu 371,973 93.5514 Pondicherry 404,756 101.8013 Meghalaya 410,959 103.3612 Chandigarh 413,018 103.8711 Maharashtra 417,958 105.1210 Karnataka 424,259 106.709 West Bengal 432,507 108.788 Kerala 441,061 110.937 Himachal Pradesh 452,598 113.836 Punjab 463,114 116.475 Assam 478,393 120.324 Gujarat 479,937 120.703 Haryana 484,869 121.942 Andhra Pradesh 493,048 124.001 Goa 543,791 136.76


West 428,324 107.72South 427,781 107.59East 374,666 94.23

Table 2.13: States� Ranking: Household Income Between Rs 200,000 and Rs 500,000 Per Annum(Number of households) Urban

Year: 2001-02Rank State Households Percentage24 Meghalaya 8,277 0.1423 Pondicherry 8756 0.1522 Himachal Pradesh 18,060 0.3121 Uttaranchal 33,811 0.5920 Jharkhand 34,318 0.6019 Goa 36,856 0.6418 Orissa 39,622 0.6917 Bihar 39,707 0.6916 Chhattisgarh 42,405 0.7415 Assam 48,466 0.8414 Chandigarh 61,044 1.0613 Madhya Pradesh 91,198 1.5812 Rajasthan 149,864 2.6011 Haryana 213,531 3.7110 Kerala 231,567 4.029 Punjab 263,288 4.578 Karnataka 306,183 5.317 West Bengal 309,580 5.376 Gujarat 322,122 5.595 Uttar Pradesh 364,417 6.324 Tamil Nadu 509,851 8.853 Andhra Pradesh 654,576 11.362 Delhi 969,120 16.821 Maharashtra 1,005,102 17.44


West 1,710,934 29.69South 1,513,943 26.28East 479,971 8.33


Table 2.14: States� Ranking: Household Income Between Rs 200,000 and Rs 500,000 Per Annum(Numbers in per million households) Urban

Year: 2001-02Rank State Per million households Index All India=10024 Bihar 30,710 28.5123 Jharkhand 33,094 30.7222 Madhya Pradesh 33,369 30.9821 Orissa 37,274 34.6020 Chhattisgarh 54,929 50.9919 Uttar Pradesh 63,598 59.0418 Pondicherry 65,833 61.1117 West Bengal 67,579 62.7316 Assam 69,336 64.3715 Rajasthan 70,128 65.1014 Gujarat 87,652 81.3713 Karnataka 88,034 81.7212 Tamil Nadu 88,393 82.0611 Uttaranchal 88,511 82.1710 Meghalaya 93,005 86.349 Maharashtra 127,373 118.248 Kerala 128,863 119.637 Himachal Pradesh 129,000 119.756 Andhra Pradesh 136,342 126.575 Punjab 180,706 167.754 Haryana 203,169 188.613 Goa 273,005 253.442 Chandigarh 344,880 320.161 Delhi 392,674 364.53


West 109,405 101.56South 107,087 99.41East 54,779 50.85

Table 2.15: States� Ranking: Household Income Between Rs 500,000 and Rs 1,000,000 Per Annum(Number of households) Urban

Year: 2001-02Rank State Households Percentage24 Meghalaya 1,331 0.1123 Pondicherry 1,422 0.1222 Himachal Pradesh 2786 0.2321 Uttaranchal 4,701 0.3920 Chhattisgarh 5,469 0.4519 Jharkhand 6,063 0.5018 Goa 6,346 0.5317 Orissa 6,836 0.5716 Bihar 7,015 0.5815 Assam 8,893 0.7414 Madhya Pradesh 11,779 0.9813 Chandigarh 13,876 1.1512 Rajasthan 24,467 2.0311 Kerala 40,325 3.3510 Haryana 41,977 3.499 Uttar Pradesh 50,144 4.168 Punjab 57,859 4.807 Karnataka 61,785 5.136 West Bengal 63,005 5.235 Gujarat 71,175 5.914 Tamil Nadu 99,584 8.273 Andhra Pradesh 109,594 9.102 Delhi 242,199 20.111 Maharashtra 265,765 22.07

Total 1,204,396 100.00Regions North 430,790 35.77

West 312,710 25.96South 367,752 30.53East 93,144 7.73


Table 2.16: States� Ranking: Household Income Between Rs 500,000 and Rs 1,000,000 Per Annum(Numbers in per million households) Urban

Year: 2001-02Rank State Per million households Index All India=10024 Madhya Pradesh 4,310 19.1423 Bihar 5,426 24.1022 Jharkhand 5,847 25.9721 Orissa 6,431 28.5620 Chhattisgarh 7,084 31.4619 Uttar Pradesh 8,751 38.8618 Pondicherry 10,688 47.4717 Rajasthan 11,449 50.8516 Uttaranchal 12,307 54.6615 Assam 12,722 56.5014 West Bengal 13,754 61.0813 Meghalaya 14,953 66.4112 Tamil Nadu 17,265 76.6711 Karnataka 17,765 78.8910 Gujarat 19,367 86.019 Himachal Pradesh 19,898 88.378 Kerala 22,440 99.667 Andhra Pradesh 22,827 101.386 Maharashtra 33,680 149.575 Punjab 39,711 176.364 Haryana 39,940 177.373 Goa 47,004 208.742 Chandigarh 78,394 348.151 Delhi 98,136 435.82


West 26,576 118.02South 19,573 86.92East 10,630 47.21

Table 2.17: States� Ranking: Household Income Between Rs 1,000,000 and Rs 2,000,000 Per Annum(Number of households) Urban

Year: 2001-02Rank State Households Percentage24 Meghalaya 355 0.0923 Pondicherry 383 0.0922 Himachal Pradesh 719 0.1821 Uttaranchal 1,116 0.2720 Chhattisgarh 1222 0.3019 Jharkhand 1,748 0.4318 Goa 1,791 0.4417 Orissa 1,933 0.4716 Bihar 2,022 0.4915 Madhya Pradesh 2,636 0.6414 Assam 2,644 0.6413 Chandigarh 4,913 1.2012 Rajasthan 6,615 1.6111 Kerala 11,489 2.8010 Uttar Pradesh 11,807 2.889 Haryana 13,200 3.228 Karnataka 19,847 4.847 Punjab 19,928 4.866 West Bengal 20,380 4.975 Gujarat 24,624 6.014 Andhra Pradesh 30,243 7.383 Tamil Nadu 31,150 7.602 Delhi 92,705 22.611 Maharashtra 106,562 25.99

Total 410,034 100.00Regions North 148,248 36.15

West 93,112 22.71South 139,592 34.04East 29,083 7.09


Table 2.18: States� Ranking: Household Income Between Rs 1,000,000 and Rs 2,000,000 Per Annum (Numbers in per million households) Urban

Year: 2001-02Rank State Per million households Index All India=10024 Madhya Pradesh 964 12.5823 Bihar 1,564 20.4022 Chhattisgarh 1,583 20.6621 Jharkhand 1,686 21.9920 Orissa 1,819 23.7219 Uttar Pradesh 2,061 26.8818 Pondicherry 2,877 37.5317 Uttaranchal 2,922 38.1216 Rajasthan 3,096 40.3815 Assam 3,782 49.3314 Meghalaya 3,993 52.0913 West Bengal 4,449 58.0312 Himachal Pradesh 5,138 67.0311 Tamil Nadu 5,400 70.4510 Karnataka 5,707 74.449 Andhra Pradesh 6,299 82.178 Kerala 6,393 83.407 Gujarat 6,700 87.406 Haryana 12,559 163.835 Goa 13,269 173.084 Maharashtra 13,504 176.163 Punjab 13,677 178.412 Chandigarh 27,759 362.101 Delhi 37,563 489.99


West 10,088 131.59South 5,828 76.02East 3,319 43.30


Year: 2001-02Rank State Households Percentage24 Meghalaya 104 0.0623 Pondicherry 113 0.0722 Himachal Pradesh 203 0.1321 Uttaranchal 288 0.1820 Chhattisgarh 296 0.1819 Jharkhand 556 0.3518 Goa 557 0.3517 Orissa 603 0.3716 Madhya Pradesh 638 0.4015 Bihar 644 0.4014 Assam 870 0.5413 Chandigarh 1,958 1.2212 Rajasthan 1,964 1.2211 Uttar Pradesh 3,019 1.8810 Kerala 3,610 2.259 Haryana 4,618 2.878 Karnataka 7,108 4.427 West Bengal 7,355 4.586 Punjab 7,703 4.795 Andhra Pradesh 9,180 5.714 Gujarat 9,564 5.953 Tamil Nadu 10,836 6.742 Delhi 40,241 25.041 Maharashtra 48,687 30.29


West 30,848 19.19South 60,773 37.81East 10,131 6.30


Table 2.20: States� Ranking: Household Income Between Rs 2,000,000 and Rs 5,000,000 Per Annum(Numbers in per million households) Urban

Year: 2001-02Rank State Per million households Index All India=10024 Madhya Pradesh 233 7.7723 Chhattisgarh 383 12.7422 Bihar 498 16.5721 Uttar Pradesh 527 17.5420 Jharkhand 536 17.8519 Orissa 567 18.8618 Uttaranchal 754 25.1017 Pondicherry 850 28.2916 Rajasthan 919 30.5915 Meghalaya 1,170 38.9314 Assam 1,245 41.4213 Himachal Pradesh 1,451 48.3112 West Bengal 1,605 53.4311 Tamil Nadu 1,879 62.5210 Andhra Pradesh 1,912 63.649 Kerala 2,009 66.868 Karnataka 2,044 68.027 Gujarat 2,603 86.626 Goa 4,128 137.385 Haryana 4,394 146.254 Punjab 5,287 175.943 Maharashtra 6,170 205.342 Chandigarh 11,060 368.101 Delhi 16,305 542.64


West 4,392 146.16South 1,931 64.26East 1,156 38.48


Year: 2001-02Rank State Households Percentage24 Meghalaya 15 0.0523 Pondicherry 17 0.0522 Himachal Pradesh 29 0.0821 Chhattisgarh 35 0.1020 Uttaranchal 36 0.1119 Madhya Pradesh 75 0.2218 Goa 87 0.2617 Jharkhand 90 0.2716 Orissa 95 0.2815 Bihar 104 0.3114 Assam 145 0.4313 Rajasthan 292 0.8712 Uttar Pradesh 378 1.1311 Chandigarh 406 1.2110 Kerala 573 1.709 Haryana 827 2.468 Karnataka 1,307 3.897 West Bengal 1,364 4.066 Andhra Pradesh 1,400 4.175 Punjab 1,543 4.594 Gujarat 1,927 5.743 Tamil Nadu 1,929 5.742 Delhi 9,174 27.311 Maharashtra 11,747 34.97


West 5,225 15.55South 14,053 41.83East 1,813 5.40


Table 2.22: States� Ranking: Household Income Between Rs 5,000,000 and Rs 10,000,000 Per Annum(Numbers in per million households) Urban

Year: 2001-02Rank State Per million households Index All India=10024 Madhya Pradesh 27 4.3723 Chhattisgarh 45 7.1522 Uttar Pradesh 66 10.5121 Bihar 80 12.7620 Jharkhand 86 13.7519 Orissa 89 14.1818 Uttaranchal 95 15.1917 Pondicherry 126 20.0116 Rajasthan 137 21.7615 Meghalaya 171 27.2614 Himachal Pradesh 204 32.4513 Assam 208 33.1312 Andhra Pradesh 292 46.4211 West Bengal 298 47.4210 Kerala 319 50.749 Tamil Nadu 334 53.248 Karnataka 376 59.847 Gujarat 524 83.486 Goa 647 103.075 Haryana 787 125.354 Punjab 1,059 168.653 Maharashtra 1,489 237.012 Chandigarh 2,293 365.011 Delhi 3,717 591.84

All India 628 100.00Regions North 839 133.52

West 1,016 161.69South 327 52.07East 207 32.94

Table 2.23: States� Ranking: Household Income Above Rs 10,000,000 Per Annum(Number of households) Urban

Year: 2001-02Rank State Households Percentage24 Meghalaya 5 0.0323 Pondicherry 6 0.0322 Himachal Pradesh 9 0.0521 Chhattisgarh 9 0.0520 Uttaranchal 10 0.0619 Madhya Pradesh 19 0.1118 Goa 31 0.1817 Jharkhand 33 0.1916 Orissa 33 0.1915 Bihar 38 0.2214 Assam 55 0.3213 Rajasthan 97 0.5612 Uttar Pradesh 104 0.6011 Chandigarh 199 1.1510 Kerala 205 1.189 Haryana 340 1.968 Andhra Pradesh 478 2.767 Karnataka 554 3.196 West Bengal 584 3.375 Punjab 726 4.184 Tamil Nadu 786 4.543 Gujarat 912 5.262 Delhi 5,085 29.321 Maharashtra 7,023 40.50


West 2,029 11.70South 8,063 46.50East 748 4.31


Table 2.24: States� Ranking: Household Income Above Rs 10,000,000 (Numbers in per million households) Urban

Year: 2001-02Rank State Per million households Index All India=10024 Madhya Pradesh 7 2.1923 Chhattisgarh 12 3.5822 Uttar Pradesh 18 5.6221 Uttaranchal 27 8.2220 Bihar 29 8.9719 Jharkhand 31 9.6718 Orissa 31 9.7117 Pondicherry 41 12.8016 Rajasthan 45 14.0015 Meghalaya 56 17.2514 Himachal Pradesh 64 19.6313 Assam 79 24.3312 Andhra Pradesh 100 30.7311 Kerala 114 35.1010 West Bengal 128 39.339 Tamil Nadu 136 42.058 Karnataka 159 49.137 Goa 228 70.406 Gujarat 248 76.555 Haryana 323 99.764 Punjab 498 153.613 Maharashtra 890 274.512 Chandigarh 1,124 346.821 Delhi 2,060 635.52


West 583 179.72South 127 39.17East 85 26.32

Table 2.25: States� Ranking: Household Income Below Rs 90,000 Per Annum(Number of households) Rural

Year: 2001-02Rank State Households Percentage24 Chandigarh 7,188 0.0123 Pondicherry 49,833 0.0422 Delhi 64,156 0.0621 Goa 86,012 0.0820 Meghalaya 279,370 0.2519 Himachal Pradesh 794,031 0.7218 Uttaranchal 899,894 0.8117 Haryana 1,097,106 0.9916 Punjab 1,470,460 1.3315 Chhattisgarh 3,024,038 2.7314 Jharkhand 3,401,730 3.0713 Assam 3,686,865 3.3312 Kerala 3,698,126 3.3411 Gujarat 4,381,338 3.9610 Rajasthan 5,063,492 4.579 Karnataka 5,272,999 4.768 Orissa 5,937,100 5.367 Tamil Nadu 6,712,453 6.066 Madhya Pradesh 7,026,824 6.345 Maharashtra 8,403,332 7.594 West Bengal 9,932,225 8.973 Andhra Pradesh 10,447,461 9.432 Bihar 11,346,441 10.251 Uttar Pradesh 17,663,503 15.95


West 26,180,872 23.64South 17,934,175 16.19East 34,583,731 31.23


Table 2.26: States� Ranking: Household Income Below Rs 90,000 Per Annum(Numbers in per million households) Rural

Year: 2001-02Rank State Per million households Index All India=10024 Delhi 256,625 31.2123 Chandigarh 299,515 36.4322 Haryana 453,537 55.1721 Punjab 537,449 65.3720 Goa 618,792 75.2719 Pondicherry 701,872 85.3718 Rajasthan 717,819 87.3117 Himachal Pradesh 733,855 89.2616 Gujarat 755,143 91.8515 Kerala 759,057 92.3314 Uttaranchal 763,269 92.8413 Maharashtra 775,501 94.3312 Karnataka 801,368 97.4711 Tamil Nadu 823,008 100.1110 Uttar Pradesh 829,662 100.929 Andhra Pradesh 836,131 101.708 Meghalaya 859,602 104.567 Madhya Pradesh 877,366 106.726 Assam 886,266 107.805 Orissa 887,990 108.014 West Bengal 902,766 109.813 Jharkhand 907,612 110.402 Bihar 909,243 110.601 Chhattisgarh 913,331 111.09


West 752,557 91.54South 813,728 98.98East 900,618 109.55

Table 2.27: States� Ranking: Household Income Between Rs 90,000 and Rs 200,000 Per Annum(Number of households) Rural

Year: 2001-02Rank State Households Percentage24 Chandigarh 9,151 0.0523 Pondicherry 16,001 0.0822 Meghalaya 39,730 0.2021 Goa 43,607 0.2220 Delhi 107,783 0.5419 Himachal Pradesh 228,112 1.1418 Uttaranchal 233,930 1.1717 Chhattisgarh 265,259 1.3316 Jharkhand 299,318 1.5015 Assam 402,712 2.0114 Orissa 641,690 3.2113 Punjab 861,132 4.3112 Kerala 870,200 4.3511 Haryana 899,041 4.5010 Madhya Pradesh 928,585 4.649 West Bengal 929,114 4.658 Karnataka 968,937 4.857 Bihar 1,054,326 5.276 Gujarat 1,187,850 5.945 Tamil Nadu 1,304,170 6.524 Rajasthan 1,616,399 8.083 Andhra Pradesh 1,921,101 9.612 Maharashtra 2,118,691 10.601 Uttar Pradesh 3,047,668 15.24


West 5,080,409 25.41South 4,966,547 24.84East 3,366,889 16.84


Table 2.28: States� Ranking: Household Income Between Rs 90,000 and Rs 200,000 Per Annum(Numbers in per million households) Rural

Year: 2001-02Rank State Per million households Index All India=10024 Jharkhand 79,861 53.8023 Chhattisgarh 80,114 53.9722 West Bengal 84,450 56.8921 Bihar 84,488 56.9220 Orissa 95,975 64.6619 Assam 96,806 65.2218 Madhya Pradesh 115,943 78.1117 Meghalaya 122,245 82.3616 Uttar Pradesh 143,150 96.4415 Karnataka 147,255 99.2114 Andhra Pradesh 153,750 103.5813 Tamil Nadu 159,903 107.7312 Kerala 178,612 120.3311 Maharashtra 195,523 131.7310 Uttaranchal 198,414 133.679 Gujarat 204,731 137.938 Himachal Pradesh 210,825 142.037 Pondicherry 225,368 151.836 Rajasthan 229,146 154.385 Goa 313,720 211.364 Punjab 314,741 212.043 Haryana 371,658 250.392 Chandigarh 381,300 256.891 Delhi 431,133 290.46


West 208,407 140.41South 157,904 106.38East 87,679 59.07

Table 2.29: States� Ranking: Household Income Between Rs 200,000 and Rs 500,000 Per Annum(Number of households) Rural

Year: 2001-02Rank State Households Percentage24 Pondicherry 4,371 0.1323 Meghalaya 5,373 0.1622 Chandigarh 5,900 0.1821 Goa 7,933 0.2420 Chhattisgarh 18,714 0.5719 Uttaranchal 37,757 1.1518 Jharkhand 41,090 1.2617 Madhya Pradesh 46,213 1.4116 Himachal Pradesh 48,985 1.5015 Assam 58,919 1.8014 Delhi 61,000 1.8613 Bihar 68,484 2.0912 Orissa 97,104 2.9711 Andhra Pradesh 100,353 3.0710 Tamil Nadu 111,027 3.399 West Bengal 120,958 3.708 Gujarat 186,125 5.697 Maharashtra 248,671 7.606 Kerala 262,045 8.015 Karnataka 286,202 8.754 Punjab 314,761 9.623 Rajasthan 325,471 9.952 Haryana 330,931 10.111 Uttar Pradesh 483,887 14.79


West 763,998 23.35South 768,199 23.48East 391,929 11.98


Table 2.30: States� Ranking: Household Income Between Rs 200,000 and Rs 500,000 Per Annum(Numbers in per million households) Rural

Year: 2001-02Rank State Per million households Index All India=10024 Bihar 5,488 22.5923 Chhattisgarh 5,652 23.2722 Madhya Pradesh 5,770 23.7521 Andhra Pradesh 8,031 33.0620 Jharkhand 10,963 45.1319 West Bengal 10,994 45.2618 Tamil Nadu 13,613 56.0417 Assam 14,163 58.3016 Orissa 14,524 59.7915 Meghalaya 16,532 68.0514 Uttar Pradesh 22,728 93.5613 Maharashtra 22,949 94.4712 Uttaranchal 32,024 131.8311 Gujarat 32,079 132.0610 Karnataka 43,496 179.059 Himachal Pradesh 45,273 186.378 Rajasthan 46,140 189.947 Kerala 53,786 221.416 Goa 57,072 234.945 Pondicherry 61,560 253.424 Punjab 115,044 473.593 Haryana 136,805 563.162 Delhi 244,002 1,004.451 Chandigarh 245,819 1,011.93


West 32,235 132.70South 23,746 97.75East 10,206 42.02

Table 2.31: States� Ranking: Household Income Between Rs 500,000 and Rs 10,000,000 Per Annum(Number of households) Rural

Year: 2001-02Rank State Households Percentage24 Meghalaya 445 0.0923 Pondicherry 608 0.1222 Goa 1,106 0.2221 Chandigarh 1,198 0.2420 Chhattisgarh 2341 0.4619 Jharkhand 4,683 0.9218 Uttaranchal 5,582 1.1017 Madhya Pradesh 5,782 1.1416 Bihar 7,789 1.5415 Himachal Pradesh 7,966 1.5714 Orissa 8,463 1.6713 Assam 8,667 1.7112 Delhi 11,813 2.3311 West Bengal 15,378 3.0310 Andhra Pradesh 18,405 3.639 Tamil Nadu 20,092 3.968 Kerala 32,639 6.437 Gujarat 33,235 6.556 Rajasthan 38,548 7.605 Karnataka 39,666 7.824 Maharashtra 45,960 9.063 Punjab 61,774 12.182 Haryana 63,763 12.571 Uttar Pradesh 71,452 14.08


West 111,410 21.96South 118,848 23.43East 45,425 8.95


Table 2.32: States� Ranking: Household Income Between Rs 500,000 and Rs 1,000,000 Per Annum(Number in per million households) Rural

Year: 2001-02Rank State Per million households Index All India=10024 Bihar 624 16.5723 Chhattisgarh 707 18.7722 Madhya Pradesh 722 19.1721 Jharkhand 1,249 33.1720 Orissa 1,266 33.6119 Meghalaya 1,368 36.3318 West Bengal 1,398 37.1117 Andhra Pradesh 1,473 39.1116 Assam 2,083 55.3215 Tamil Nadu 2,463 65.4114 Uttar Pradesh 3,356 89.1113 Maharashtra 4,241 112.6112 Uttaranchal 4,734 125.7011 Rajasthan 5,465 145.0910 Gujarat 5,728 152.099 Karnataka 6,028 160.058 Kerala 6,699 177.877 Himachal Pradesh 7,362 195.476 Goa 7,955 211.225 Pondicherry 8,559 227.254 Punjab 22,578 599.473 Haryana 26,359 699.852 Delhi 47,251 1,254.551 Chandigarh 49,919 1,325.39


West 4,987 132.41South 3,463 91.94East 1,183 31.41

Table 2.33: States� Ranking: Household Income Between Rs 1,000,000 and Rs 2,000,000 Per Annum(Number of households) Rural

Year: 2001-02Rank State Households Percentage24 Meghalaya 70 0.0523 Pondicherry 144 0.1122 Goa 263 0.1921 Chandigarh 387 0.2920 Chhattisgarh 510 0.3819 Jharkhand 947 0.7018 Madhya Pradesh 1,261 0.9317 Orissa 1,382 1.0216 Uttaranchal 1,392 1.0315 Bihar 1,573 1.1614 Himachal Pradesh 2,146 1.5813 Assam 2,153 1.5912 West Bengal 3,396 2.5111 Delhi 3,668 2.7110 Andhra Pradesh 5,467 4.039 Tamil Nadu 5,904 4.368 Kerala 7,091 5.237 Rajasthan 8,043 5.946 Karnataka 9,391 6.935 Gujarat 9,660 7.134 Maharashtra 13,739 10.143 Uttar Pradesh 17,805 13.142 Punjab 19,392 14.311 Haryana 19,718 14.55


West 27,998 20.66South 31,705 23.40East 9,522 7.03


Table 2.34: States� Ranking: Household Income Between Rs 1,000,000 and Rs 2,000,000 Per Annum(Numbers in per million households) Rural

Year: 2001-02Rank State Per million households Index All India=10024 Bihar 126 12.5323 Chhattisgarh 154 15.3222 Madhya Pradesh 157 15.6521 Orissa 207 20.5520 Meghalaya 214 21.3219 Jharkhand 253 25.1318 West Bengal 309 30.6917 Andhra Pradesh 438 43.5016 Assam 518 51.4515 Tamil Nadu 724 71.9614 Uttar Pradesh 836 83.1413 Rajasthan 1,140 113.3512 Uttaranchal 1,181 117.3911 Maharashtra 1,268 126.0410 Karnataka 1,427 141.899 Kerala 1,456 144.698 Gujarat 1,665 165.527 Goa 1,892 188.126 Himachal Pradesh 1,984 197.185 Pondicherry 2,032 201.984 Punjab 7,088 704.593 Haryana 8,151 810.322 Delhi 14,672 1,458.551 Chandigarh 16,113 1,601.80


West 1,330 132.26South 870 86.51East 248 24.65


Year: 2001-02Rank State Households Percentage24 Meghalaya 12 0.0323 Pondicherry 37 0.0922 Goa 68 0.1721 Chhattisgarh 120 0.2920 Chandigarh 139 0.3419 Jharkhand 206 0.5018 Orissa 239 0.5917 Madhya Pradesh 297 0.7316 Bihar 341 0.8415 Uttaranchal 379 0.9314 Assam 583 1.4313 Himachal Pradesh 635 1.5612 West Bengal 810 1.9911 Delhi 1,265 3.1010 Kerala 1,662 4.089 Andhra Pradesh 1,797 4.418 Rajasthan 1,805 4.437 Tamil Nadu 1,918 4.716 Karnataka 2,415 5.925 Gujarat 3,101 7.614 Maharashtra 4,547 11.163 Uttar Pradesh 4,838 11.872 Punjab 6,770 16.611 Haryana 6,772 16.62


West 7,830 19.21South 9,522 23.36East 2,191 5.38


Table 2.36: States� Ranking: Household Income Between Rs 2,000,000 and Rs 5,000,000 Per Annum(Numbers in per million households) Rural

Year: 2001-02Rank State Per million households Index All India=10024 Bihar 27 9.0323 Meghalaya 35 11.7322 Orissa 36 11.8121 Chhattisgarh 36 11.9920 Madhya Pradesh 37 12.2419 Jharkhand 55 18.1418 West Bengal 74 24.3417 Assam 140 46.3316 Andhra Pradesh 144 47.5415 Uttar Pradesh 227 75.1014 Tamil Nadu 235 77.7213 Rajasthan 256 84.5912 Uttaranchal 321 106.1511 Kerala 341 112.7710 Karnataka 367 121.299 Maharashtra 420 138.708 Goa 489 161.627 Pondicherry 524 173.146 Gujarat 535 176.675 Himachal Pradesh 586 193.824 Punjab 2,474 817.823 Haryana 2,800 925.272 Delhi 5,062 1,672.941 Chandigarh 5,799 1,916.65


West 400 132.06South 243 80.43East 57 18.86


Year: 2001-02Rank State Households Percentage24 Meghalaya 1 0.0123 Pondicherry 5 0.0722 Goa 9 0.1421 Chhattisgarh 14 0.2220 Orissa 19 0.3019 Jharkhand 21 0.3418 Chandigarh 26 0.4117 Madhya Pradesh 34 0.5316 Bihar 35 0.5615 Uttaranchal 51 0.8114 Assam 78 1.2313 West Bengal 94 1.4812 Himachal Pradesh 94 1.4911 Kerala 188 2.9810 Rajasthan 194 3.079 Delhi 223 3.538 Andhra Pradesh 300 4.757 Karnataka 304 4.816 Tamil Nadu 316 5.005 Gujarat 504 7.974 Uttar Pradesh 649 10.283 Maharashtra 765 12.102 Haryana 1,188 18.791 Punjab 1,209 19.14


West 1,113 17.61South 1,471 23.29East 248 3.92


Table 2.38: States� Ranking: Household Income Between Rs 5,000,000 and Rs 10,000,000 Per Annum (Numbers in per million households) Rural

Year: 2001-02Rank State Per million households Index All India=10024 Meghalaya 3 5.6823 Bihar 3 6.0222 Orissa 3 6.0221 Chhattisgarh 4 8.7920 Madhya Pradesh 4 8.9819 Jharkhand 6 12.1118 West Bengal 9 18.1417 Assam 19 39.9616 Andhra Pradesh 24 51.1715 Rajasthan 28 58.7014 Uttar Pradesh 31 65.0313 Kerala 39 82.3112 Tamil Nadu 39 82.5411 Uttaranchal 43 92.0110 Karnataka 46 98.559 Goa 62 132.078 Pondicherry 66 141.137 Maharashtra 71 150.446 Himachal Pradesh 87 184.885 Gujarat 87 185.114 Punjab 442 942.193 Haryana 491 1,046.462 Delhi 892 1,901.651 Chandigarh 1,072 2,285.12


West 62 131.62South 35 73.73East 6 13.76

Table 2.39: States� Ranking: Household Income Above Rs 10,000,000 Per Annum(Number of households) Rural

Year: 2001-02Rank State Households Percentage24 Meghalaya 0 0.0123 Pondicherry 1 0.0622 Goa 2 0.1121 Orissa 3 0.1520 Chhattisgarh 3 0.1519 Jharkhand 5 0.2118 Bihar 8 0.3517 Madhya Pradesh 9 0.3716 Chandigarh 11 0.4815 Uttaranchal 15 0.6714 Assam 23 1.0213 West Bengal 24 1.0512 Himachal Pradesh 31 1.3611 Rajasthan 46 2.0210 Kerala 47 2.069 Karnataka 86 3.728 Delhi 91 3.957 Andhra Pradesh 115 4.996 Tamil Nadu 119 5.175 Gujarat 187 8.134 Uttar Pradesh 195 8.493 Maharashtra 295 12.832 Haryana 482 20.921 Punjab 501 21.77


West 368 15.99South 531 23.08East 64 2.78


Table 2.40: States� Ranking: Household Income Above Rs 10,000,000 Per Annum (Numbers in per million households) Rural

Year: 2001-02Rank State Per million households Index All India=10024 Meghalaya 0 2.6323 Orissa 1 2.9322 Bihar 1 3.7921 Chhattisgarh 1 6.1020 Madhya Pradesh 1 6.2319 Jharkhand 1 7.6518 West Bengal 2 12.8017 Assam 6 32.8716 Rajasthan 7 38.5215 Uttar Pradesh 9 53.7014 Andhra Pradesh 9 53.7713 Kerala 10 56.8712 Karnataka 13 76.0811 Uttaranchal 13 76.0910 Tamil Nadu 15 85.419 Goa 18 102.588 Pondicherry 19 109.327 Maharashtra 27 159.516 Himachal Pradesh 29 169.615 Gujarat 32 188.654 Punjab 183 1,071.703 Haryana 199 1,164.732 Delhi 364 2,129.161 Chandigarh 463 2,707.18


West 22 130.46South 11 66.95East 2 9.74

Table 2.41: States� Ranking: Household Income Below Rs 90,000 Per Annum(Number of households) All India

Year: 2001-02Rank State Households Percentage24 Chandigarh 28,689 0.0223 Goa 101,932 0.0822 Pondicherry 118,305 0.0921 Delhi 262,085 0.1920 Meghalaya 321,707 0.2419 Himachal Pradesh 848,861 0.6318 Uttaranchal 1,108,904 0.8217 Haryana 1,364,015 1.0116 Punjab 1,901,657 1.4015 Chhattisgarh 3,566,748 2.6314 Assam 3,990,396 2.9513 Jharkhand 4,120,443 3.0412 Kerala 4,414,770 3.2611 Gujarat 5,862,246 4.3310 Rajasthan 6,225,335 4.609 Orissa 6,631,633 4.908 Karnataka 6,878,641 5.087 Madhya Pradesh 8,886,191 6.566 Tamil Nadu 9,680,787 7.155 Maharashtra 11,551,339 8.534 Andhra Pradesh 12,075,865 8.923 West Bengal 12,129,641 8.962 Bihar 12,254,198 9.051 Uttar Pradesh 21,053,668 15.55


West 23,740,853 17.54South 33,168,369 24.50East 39,448,017 29.14


Table 2.42: States� Ranking: Household Income Below Rs 90,000 Per Annum (Numbers in per million households) All India

Year: 2001-02Rank State Per million households Index All India=10024 Delhi 96,426 13.4023 Chandigarh 142,731 19.8422 Goa 372,016 51.7121 Haryana 393,088 54.6420 Punjab 453,531 63.0519 Pondicherry 579,927 80.6218 Maharashtra 616,828 85.7517 Gujarat 618,576 85.9916 Kerala 661,984 92.0215 Rajasthan 677,330 94.1614 Karnataka 683,898 95.0713 Himachal Pradesh 694,649 96.5612 Tamil Nadu 695,258 96.6511 Andhra Pradesh 698,188 97.0610 Uttaranchal 710,380 98.759 Meghalaya 777,070 108.028 West Bengal 778,389 108.217 Uttar Pradesh 779,188 108.326 Assam 821,238 114.165 Madhya Pradesh 827,238 115.004 Orissa 855,805 118.973 Jharkhand 861,116 119.712 Chhattisgarh 873,561 121.441 Bihar 889,791 123.69


West 630,249 87.61South 688,840 95.76East 836,437 116.27

Table 2.43: States� Ranking: Household Income Between Rs 90,000 and Rs 200,000 Per Annum(Number of households) All India

Year: 2001-02Rank State Households Percentage24 Pondicherry 69,834 0.1723 Meghalaya 76,305 0.1822 Chandigarh 82,255 0.2021 Goa 117,019 0.2820 Himachal Pradesh 291,476 0.7119 Uttaranchal 366,957 0.8918 Chhattisgarh 445,114 1.0817 Jharkhand 574,798 1.3916 Assam 737,108 1.7915 Orissa 961,035 2.3314 Delhi 1,019,330 2.4713 Bihar 1,390,039 3.3712 Haryana 1,408,638 3.4111 Punjab 1,535,889 3.7210 Kerala 1,662,787 4.039 Madhya Pradesh 1,695,873 4.118 Rajasthan 2,408,257 5.847 Karnataka 2,444,509 5.926 West Bengal 2,910,429 7.055 Gujarat 2,951,618 7.154 Tamil Nadu 3,449,722 8.363 Andhra Pradesh 4,288,226 10.392 Uttar Pradesh 4,957,632 12.021 Maharashtra 5,416,799 13.13


West 10,893,693 26.40South 11,915,078 28.88East 6,649,715 16.12


Table 2.44: States� Ranking: Household Income Between Rs 90,000 and Rs 200,000 Per Annum (Numbers in per million households) All India

Year: 2001-02Rank State Per million households Index All India=10024 Bihar 100,932 46.0323 Chhattisgarh 109,016 49.7222 Jharkhand 120,125 54.7921 Orissa 124,021 56.5720 Assam 151,700 69.1919 Madhya Pradesh 157,873 72.0118 Uttar Pradesh 183,480 83.6817 Meghalaya 184,312 84.0616 West Bengal 186,770 85.1815 Uttaranchal 235,078 107.2214 Himachal Pradesh 238,524 108.7913 Karnataka 243,041 110.8512 Tamil Nadu 247,753 113.0011 Andhra Pradesh 247,932 113.0810 Kerala 249,331 113.729 Rajasthan 262,023 119.518 Maharashtra 289,251 131.937 Gujarat 311,451 142.056 Pondicherry 342,322 156.135 Punjab 366,298 167.074 Delhi 375,029 171.053 Haryana 405,948 185.152 Chandigarh 409,231 186.651 Goa 427,076 194.79


West 289,195 131.90South 247,452 112.86East 140,997 64.31

Table 2.45: States� Ranking: Household Income Between Rs 200,000 and Rs 500,000 Per Annum(Number of households) All India

Year: 2001-02Rank State Households Percentage24 Pondicherry 13,127 0.1523 Meghalaya 13,650 0.1522 Goa 44,789 0.5021 Chhattisgarh 61,118 0.6820 Chandigarh 66,943 0.7419 Himachal Pradesh 67,045 0.7418 Uttaranchal 71,568 0.7917 Jharkhand 75,409 0.8316 Assam 107,385 1.1915 Bihar 108,192 1.2014 Orissa 136,726 1.5113 Madhya Pradesh 137,411 1.5212 West Bengal 430,538 4.7711 Rajasthan 475,334 5.2610 Kerala 493,612 5.469 Gujarat 508,247 5.638 Haryana 544,462 6.037 Punjab 578,049 6.406 Karnataka 592,385 6.565 Tamil Nadu 620,878 6.874 Andhra Pradesh 754,929 8.363 Uttar Pradesh 848,304 9.392 Delhi 1,030,120 11.401 Maharashtra 1,253,772 13.88


West 2,282,142 25.26South 2,474,932 27.40East 871,899 9.65


Table 2.46: States� Ranking: Household Income Between Rs 200,000 and Rs 500,000 Per Annum (Numbers in per million households) All India

Year: 2001-02Rank State Per million households Index All India=10024 Bihar 7,856 16.3723 Madhya Pradesh 12,792 26.6522 Chhattisgarh 14,969 31.1821 Jharkhand 15,759 32.8320 Orissa 17,644 36.7619 Assam 22,100 46.0418 West Bengal 27,629 57.5517 Uttar Pradesh 31,395 65.4016 Meghalaya 32,972 68.6915 Andhra Pradesh 43,648 90.9214 Tamil Nadu 44,590 92.8913 Uttaranchal 45,847 95.5112 Rajasthan 51,717 107.7411 Gujarat 53,629 111.7210 Himachal Pradesh 54,865 114.299 Karnataka 58,897 122.698 Pondicherry 64,346 134.047 Maharashtra 66,950 139.476 Kerala 74,016 154.195 Punjab 137,860 287.184 Haryana 156,905 326.863 Goa 163,462 340.522 Chandigarh 333,051 693.801 Delhi 378,999 789.51


West 60,584 126.21South 51,399 107.07East 18,487 38.51

Table 2.47: States� Ranking: Household Income Between Rs 500,000 and Rs 1,000,000 Per Annum(Number of households) All India

Year: 2001-02Rank State Households Percentage24 Meghalaya 1,776 0.1023 Pondicherry 2,029 0.1222 Goa 7,451 0.4421 Chhattisgarh 7,810 0.4620 Uttaranchal 10,283 0.6019 Jharkhand 10,746 0.6318 Himachal Pradesh 10,752 0.6317 Bihar 14,804 0.8616 Chandigarh 15,074 0.8815 Orissa 15,300 0.8914 Assam 17,560 1.0313 Madhya Pradesh 17,560 1.0312 Rajasthan 63,015 3.6811 Kerala 72,964 4.2610 West Bengal 78,383 4.589 Karnataka 101,451 5.938 Gujarat 104,409 6.107 Haryana 105,740 6.186 Punjab 119,633 6.995 Tamil Nadu 119,676 6.994 Uttar Pradesh 121,596 7.103 Andhra Pradesh 127,999 7.482 Delhi 254,012 14.841 Maharashtra 311,725 18.21

Total 1,711,749 100.00Regions North 662,460 38.70

West 486,600 28.43South 424,120 24.78East 138,568 8.10


Table 2.48: States� Ranking: Household Income Between Rs 500,000 and Rs 1,000,000 Per Annum (Number in per million households) All India

Year: 2001-02Rank State Per million households Index All India=10024 Bihar 1,075 11.8223 Madhya Pradesh 1,635 17.9722 Chhattisgarh 1,913 21.0321 Orissa 1,974 21.7120 Jharkhand 2,246 24.6919 Assam 3,614 39.7318 Meghalaya 4,289 47.1517 Uttar Pradesh 4,500 49.4816 West Bengal 5,030 55.3015 Uttaranchal 6,587 72.4214 Rajasthan 6,856 75.3813 Andhra Pradesh 7,400 81.3612 Tamil Nadu 8,595 94.4911 Himachal Pradesh 8,798 96.7310 Pondicherry 9,947 109.369 Karnataka 10,087 110.898 Kerala 10,941 120.297 Gujarat 11,017 121.126 Maharashtra 16,646 183.015 Goa 27,195 298.984 Punjab 28,532 313.683 Haryana 30,473 335.022 Chandigarh 74,994 824.501 Delhi 93,455 1,027.46


West 12,918 142.02South 8,808 96.84East 2,938 32.30

Table 2.49: States� Ranking: Household Income Between Rs 1,000,000 and Rs 2,000,000 Per Annum(Number of households) All India

Year: 2001-02Rank State Households Percentage24 Meghalaya 425 0.0823 Pondicherry 527 0.1022 Chhattisgarh 1,733 0.3221 Goa 2,054 0.3820 Uttaranchal 2,509 0.4619 Jharkhand 2,695 0.4918 Himachal Pradesh 2,866 0.5317 Orissa 3315 0.6116 Bihar 3,596 0.6615 Madhya Pradesh 3,896 0.7114 Assam 4,797 0.8813 Chandigarh 5,300 0.9712 Rajasthan 14,658 2.6911 Kerala 18,580 3.4110 West Bengal 23,777 4.369 Karnataka 29,239 5.368 Uttar Pradesh 29,613 5.437 Haryana 32,918 6.036 Gujarat 34,284 6.285 Andhra Pradesh 35,711 6.554 Tamil Nadu 37,054 6.793 Punjab 39,320 7.212 Delhi 96,373 17.671 Maharashtra 120,300 22.05


West 171,297 31.40South 121,110 22.20East 38,605 7.08


Table 2.50: States� Ranking: Household Income Between Rs 1,000,000 and Rs 2,000,000 Per Annum(Numbers in per million households) All India

Year: 2001-02Rank State Per million households Index All India=10024 Bihar 261 9.0123 Madhya Pradesh 363 12.5122 Chhattisgarh 424 14.6421 Orissa 428 14.7620 Jharkhand 563 19.4319 Assam 987 34.0518 Meghalaya 1,027 35.4217 Uttar Pradesh 1,096 37.8116 West Bengal 1,526 52.6415 Rajasthan 1,595 55.0214 Uttaranchal 1,607 55.4413 Andhra Pradesh 2,065 71.2212 Himachal Pradesh 2,345 80.8911 Pondicherry 2,583 89.0910 Tamil Nadu 2,661 91.809 Kerala 2,786 96.118 Karnataka 2,907 100.287 Gujarat 3,618 124.806 Maharashtra 6,424 221.605 Goa 7,497 258.644 Punjab 9,377 323.493 Haryana 9,486 327.252 Chandigarh 26,368 909.621 Delhi 35,457 1,223.16


West 4,547 156.87South 2,515 86.77East 819 28.24


Year: 2001-02Rank State Households Percentage24 Meghalaya 116 0.0623 Pondicherry 150 0.0722 Chhattisgarh 416 0.2121 Goa 625 0.3120 Uttaranchal 667 0.3319 Jharkhand 762 0.3818 Himachal Pradesh 838 0.4217 Orissa 841 0.4216 Madhya Pradesh 935 0.4615 Bihar 985 0.4914 Assam 1,453 0.7213 Chandigarh 2,097 1.0412 Rajasthan 3,769 1.8711 Kerala 5,273 2.6210 Uttar Pradesh 7,857 3.909 West Bengal 8,165 4.058 Karnataka 9,523 4.737 Andhra Pradesh 10,977 5.456 Haryana 11,391 5.655 Gujarat 12,666 6.294 Tamil Nadu 12,754 6.333 Punjab 14,473 7.182 Delhi 41,506 20.601 Maharashtra 53234 26.42


West 70,295 34.89South 38,677 19.20East 12,322 6.12


Table 2.52: States� Ranking: Household Income Between Rs 2,000,000 and Rs 5,000,000 Per Annum (Numbers in per million households) All India

Year: 2001-02Rank State Per million households Index All India=10024 Bihar 72 6.6823 Madhya Pradesh 87 8.1322 Chhattisgarh 102 9.5121 Orissa 109 10.1420 Jharkhand 159 14.8819 Meghalaya 279 26.0918 Uttar Pradesh 291 27.1617 Assam 299 27.9316 Rajasthan 410 38.3115 Uttaranchal 427 39.9014 West Bengal 524 48.9413 Andhra Pradesh 635 59.2812 Himachal Pradesh 686 64.0311 Pondicherry 736 68.7910 Kerala 791 73.859 Tamil Nadu 916 85.568 Karnataka 947 88.447 Gujarat 1,336 124.846 Goa 2,282 213.155 Maharashtra 2,843 265.534 Haryana 3,283 306.623 Punjab 3,452 322.412 Chandigarh 10,432 974.461 Delhi 15,271 1,426.43


West 1,866 174.31South 803 75.03East 261 24.40


Year: 2001-02Rank State Households Percentage24 Meghalaya 16 0.0423 Pondicherry 21 0.0522 Chhattisgarh 48 0.1221 Uttaranchal 87 0.2220 Goa 96 0.2419 Madhya Pradesh 109 0.2718 Jharkhand 111 0.2817 Orissa 114 0.2816 Himachal Pradesh 122 0.3115 Bihar 139 0.3514 Assam 223 0.5613 Chandigarh 432 1.0812 Rajasthan 486 1.2211 Kerala 761 1.9110 Uttar Pradesh 1,028 2.579 West Bengal 1,458 3.658 Karnataka 1,612 4.047 Andhra Pradesh 1,700 4.266 Haryana 2,015 5.055 Tamil Nadu 2,245 5.624 Gujarat 2,431 6.093 Punjab 2,753 6.902 Delhi 9,397 23.541 Maharashtra 12,511 31.35


West 15,524 38.89South 6,338 15.88East 2,061 5.16


Table 2.54: States� Ranking: Household Income Between Rs 5,000,000 and Rs 10,000,000 Per Annum(Numbers in per million households) All India

Year: 2001-02Rank State Per million households Index All India=10024 Bihar 10 4.7523 Madhya Pradesh 10 4.7722 Chhattisgarh 12 5.5821 Orissa 15 6.9120 Jharkhand 23 10.9219 Uttar Pradesh 38 17.9318 Meghalaya 39 18.3417 Assam 46 21.6816 Rajasthan 53 24.9415 Uttaranchal 56 26.3814 West Bengal 94 44.1113 Andhra Pradesh 98 46.3412 Himachal Pradesh 100 47.2211 Pondicherry 105 49.4910 Kerala 114 53.799 Karnataka 160 75.548 Tamil Nadu 161 76.017 Gujarat 256 120.936 Goa 350 165.215 Haryana 581 273.794 Punjab 656 309.533 Maharashtra 668 315.002 Chandigarh 2,147 1,012.231 Delhi 3,457 1,630.16


West 412 194.32South 132 62.06East 44 20.60

Table 2.55: States� Ranking: Household Income Above Rs 10,000,000 Per Annum(Number of households) All India

Year: 2001-02Rank State Households Percentage24 Meghalaya 5 0.0323 Pondicherry 7 0.0322 Chhattisgarh 12 0.0621 Uttaranchal 26 0.1320 Madhya Pradesh 28 0.1419 Goa 33 0.1718 Orissa 37 0.1917 Jharkhand 37 0.1916 Himachal Pradesh 40 0.2115 Bihar 46 0.2314 Assam 79 0.4013 Rajasthan 143 0.7312 Chandigarh 210 1.0711 Kerala 252 1.2810 Uttar Pradesh 300 1.539 Andhra Pradesh 593 3.028 West Bengal 608 3.107 Karnataka 640 3.266 Haryana 822 4.185 Tamil Nadu 906 4.614 Gujarat 1,099 5.603 Punjab 1,227 6.252 Delhi 5,176 26.351 Maharashtra 7,318 37.26


West 8,594 43.75South 2,397 12.20East 812 4.13


Table 2.56: States� Ranking: Household Income Above Rs 10,000,000 Per Annum (Numbers in per million households) All India

Year: 2001-02Rank State Per million households Index All India=10024 Madhya Pradesh 3 2.4923 Chhattisgarh 3 2.9122 Bihar 3 3.1821 Orissa 5 4.5520 Jharkhand 8 7.4919 Uttar Pradesh 11 10.6318 Meghalaya 12 11.8617 Rajasthan 16 14.9516 Assam 16 15.4815 Uttaranchal 16 15.6614 Himachal Pradesh 33 31.5813 Pondicherry 34 32.1512 Andhra Pradesh 34 32.8511 Kerala 38 36.1810 West Bengal 39 37.399 Karnataka 64 60.928 Tamil Nadu 65 62.307 Gujarat 116 111.126 Goa 121 116.255 Haryana 237 226.834 Punjab 293 280.323 Maharashtra 391 374.392 Chandigarh 1,045 1,001.551 Delhi 1,904 1,824.44


West 228 218.58South 50 47.69East 17 16.49


Table 3.1: Household Distribution by IncomeState: Haryana

Year: 2001-02Income Class (Rs '000) Urban Rural TotalBelow 90 266,909 1,097,106 1,364,01590 - 135 207,625 268,655 476,280135 - 200 301,972 630,386 932,358200 - 250 83,413 130,030 213,443250 - 300 49,241 76,400 125,641300 - 500 80,877 124,501 205,378500 - 750 30,067 45,781 75,848750 - 1,000 11,910 17,982 29,8921,000 - 1,500 9,488 14,208 23,6951,500 - 2,000 3,712 5,510 9,2222,000 - 3,000 2,925 4,306 7,2313,000 - 5,000 1,694 2,466 4,1605,000 - 7,500 599 861 1,4607,500 - 10,000 229 326 555Above 10,000 340 482 822Total Households 1,051,000 2,419,000 3,470,000

Table 3.2: Rich HouseholdsState: Haryana

Year: 2001-02Income Class (Rs '000) Urban Rural TotalOver 500 60,963 91,922 152,885Over 1,000 18,986 28,159 47,145Over 2,000 5,786 8,441 14,227Over 5,000 1,167 1,669 2,837Over 10,000 340 482 822

Table 3.3: Households Per Million by IncomeState: Haryana

Year: 2001-02Income Class (Rs '000) Urban Rural TotalBelow 90 253,957 453,537 393,08890 - 135 197,550 111,060 137,256135 - 200 287,319 260,598 268,691200 - 250 79,365 53,754 61,511250 - 300 46,852 31,583 36,208300 - 500 76,952 51,468 59,187500 - 750 28,608 18,926 21,858750 - 1,000 11,332 7,434 8,6141,000 - 1,500 9,027 5,873 6,8291,500 - 2,000 3,532 2,278 2,6582,000 - 3,000 2,783 1,780 2,0843,000 - 5,000 1,611 1,019 1,1995,000 - 7,500 570 356 4217,500 - 10,000 218 135 160Above 10,000 323 199 237

Table 3.4: Rich Households Per MillionState: Haryana

Year: 2001-02Income Class (Rs '000) Urban Rural TotalOver 500 58,005 38,000 96,005Over 1,000 18,064 11,641 29,705Over 2,000 5,505 3,490 8,995Over 5,000 1,111 690 1,801Over 10,000 323 199 523


Table 3.5: Household Distribution by IncomeState: Himachal Pradesh

Year: 2001-02Income Class (Rs '000) Urban Rural TotalBelow 90 54,830 794,031 848,86190 - 135 23,197 84,418 107,615135 - 200 40,167 143,694 183,861200 - 250 7,545 20,178 27,723250 - 300 4,201 11,381 15,582300 - 500 6,314 17,427 23,740500 - 750 2,052 5,833 7,885750 - 1,000 734 2,133 2,8671,000 - 1,500 532 1,577 2,1081,500 - 2,000 188 569 7572,000 - 3,000 135 416 5513,000 - 5,000 69 218 2875,000 - 7,500 21 69 917,500 - 10,000 7 24 32Above 10,000 9 31 40Total households 140,000 1,082,000 1,222,000

Table 3.6: Rich HouseholdsState: Himachal Pradesh

Year: 2001-02Income Class (Rs '000) Urban Rural TotalOver 500 3,746 10,872 14,617Over 1,000 960 2,906 3,866Over 2,000 241 760 1,000Over 5,000 37 125 163Over 10,000 9 31 40

Table 3.7: Households Per Million by IncomeState: Himachal Pradesh

Year: 2001-02Income Class (Rs '000) Urban Rural TotalBelow 90 391,646 733,855 694,64990 - 135 165,690 78,021 88,065135 - 200 286,908 132,804 150,459200 - 250 53,892 18,649 22,686250 - 300 30,010 10,518 12,751300 - 500 45,099 16,106 19,428500 - 750 14,656 5,391 6,452750 - 1,000 5,242 1,971 2,3461,000 - 1,500 3,797 1,457 1,7251,500 - 2,000 1,341 526 6202,000 - 3,000 961 385 4513,000 - 5,000 490 202 2355,000 - 7,500 152 64 747,500 - 10,000 52 23 26Above 10,000 64 29 33

Table 3.8: Rich Households Per MillionState: Himachal Pradesh



Table 3.9: Household Distribution by IncomeState: Chhattisgarh

Year: 2001-02Income Class (Rs '000) Urban Rural TotalBelow 90 542,710 3,024,038 3,566,74890 - 135 40,340 50,318 90,658135 - 200 139,515 214,941 354,456200 - 250 18,555 8,252 26,807250 - 300 9,899 4,371 14,270300 - 500 13,951 6,091 20,042500 - 750 4,107 1,763 5,870750 - 1,000 1,362 578 1,9401,000 - 1,500 921 386 1,3061,500 - 2,000 302 125 4262,000 - 3,000 202 82 2843,000 - 5,000 94 38 1325,000 - 7,500 26 10 377,500 - 10,000 8 3 12Above 10,000 9 3 12Total Households 772,000 3,311,000 4,083,000

Table 3.10: Rich HouseholdsState: Chhattisgarh

Year: 2001-02Income Class (Rs '000) Urban Rural TotalOver 500 7,031 2,989 10,020Over 1,000 1,562 648 2,209Over 2,000 339 137 476Over 5,000 44 17 61Over 10,000 9 3 12

Table 3.11: Households Per Million by IncomeState: Chhattisgarh

Year: 2001-02Income Class (Rs '000) Urban Rural TotalBelow 90 702,992 913,331 873,56190 - 135 52,254 15,197 22,204135 - 200 180,719 64,917 86,813200 - 250 24,035 2,492 6,566250 - 300 12,822 1,320 3,495300 - 500 18,071 1,840 4,909500 - 750 5,320 533 1,438750 - 1,000 1,765 174 4751,000 - 1,500 1,193 116 3201,500 - 2,000 391 38 1042,000 - 3,000 261 25 703,000 - 5,000 122 11 325,000 - 7,500 34 3 97,500 - 10,000 11 1 3Above 10,000 12 1 3

Table 3.12: Rich Households Per MillionState: Chhattisgarh

Year: 2001-02Income Class (Rs '000) Urban Rural TotalOver 500 9,107 903 10,010Over 1,000 2,023 196 2,218Over 2,000 439 41 481Over 5,000 57 5 62Over 10,000 12 1 13


Table 3.13: Household Distribution by IncomeState: Madhya Pradesh

Year: 2001-02Income Class (Rs '000) Urban Rural TotalBelow 90 1,859,367 7,026,824 8,886,19190 - 135 218,588 230,388 448,976135 - 200 548,701 698,197 1,246,898200 - 250 39,892 20,377 60,269250 - 300 21,288 10,793 32,082300 - 500 30,018 15,042 45,060500 - 750 8,843 4,355 13,198750 - 1,000 2,935 1,427 4,3621,000 - 1,500 1,985 953 2,9371,500 - 2,000 651 308 9592,000 - 3,000 435 203 6393,000 - 5,000 203 93 2965,000 - 7,500 57 26 827,500 - 10,000 18 8 26Above 10,000 19 9 28Total households 2,733,000 8,009,003 10,742,003

Table 3.14: Rich HouseholdsState: Madhya Pradesh

Year: 2001-02Income Class (Rs '000) Urban Rural TotalOver 500 15,146 7,381 22,528Over 1,000 3,368 1,600 4,967Over 2,000 732 339 1,071Over 5,000 94 42 137Over 10,000 19 9 28

Table 3.15: Households Per Million by IncomeState: Madhya Pradesh

Year: 2001-02Income Class (Rs '000) Urban Rural TotalBelow 90 680,339 877,366 827,23890 - 135 79,981 28,766 41,796135 - 200 200,769 87,176 116,077200 - 250 14,596 2,544 5,611250 - 300 7,789 1,348 2,987300 - 500 10,983 1,878 4,195500 - 750 3,236 544 1,229750 - 1,000 1,074 178 4061,000 - 1,500 726 119 2731,500 - 2,000 238 38 892,000 - 3,000 159 25 593,000 - 5,000 74 12 285,000 - 7,500 21 3 87,500 - 10,000 7 1 2Above 10,000 7 1 3

Table 3.16: Rich Households Per MillionState: Madhya Pradesh



Table 3.17: Household Distribution by IncomeState: Punjab

Year: 2001-02Income Class (Rs '000) Urban Rural TotalBelow 90 431,196 1,470,460 1,901,65790 - 135 253,780 274,331 528,111135 - 200 420,977 586,801 1,007,778200 - 250 99,548 123,026 222,574250 - 300 60,373 72,606 132,979300 - 500 103,367 119,129 222,496500 - 750 40,884 44,256 85,140750 - 1,000 16,975 17,518 34,4931,000 - 1,500 14,132 13,942 28,0751,500 - 2,000 5,795 5,450 11,2452,000 - 3,000 4,773 4,290 9,0623,000 - 5,000 2,930 2,480 5,4105,000 - 7,500 1,102 875 1,9777,500 - 10,000 442 334 776Above 10,000 726 501 1,227Total households 1,457,000 2,736,000 4,193,000

Table 3.18: Rich HouseholdsState: Punjab

Year: 2001-02Income Class (Rs '000) Urban Rural TotalOver 500 87,758 89,647 177,405Over 1,000 29,899 27,873 57,772Over 2,000 9,972 8,481 18,452Over 5,000 2,269 1,711 3,980Over 10,000 726 501 1,227

Table 3.19: Households Per Million by IncomeState: Punjab

Year: 2001-02Income Class (Rs '000) Urban Rural TotalBelow 90 295,948 537,449 453,53190 - 135 174,180 100,267 125,951135 - 200 288,934 214,474 240,348200 - 250 68,324 44,965 53,082250 - 300 41,436 26,537 31,714300 - 500 70,945 43,541 53,064500 - 750 28,060 16,176 20,305750 - 1,000 11,651 6,403 8,2261,000 - 1,500 9,700 5,096 6,6961,500 - 2,000 3,978 1,992 2,6822,000 - 3,000 3,276 1,568 2,1613,000 - 5,000 2,011 907 1,2905,000 - 7,500 756 320 4717,500 - 10,000 303 122 185Above 10,000 498 183 293

Table 3.20: Rich Households Per MillionState: Punjab



Table 3.21: Household Distribution by IncomeState: Uttar Pradesh

Year: 2001-02Income Class (Rs '000) Urban Rural TotalBelow 90 3,390,165 17,663,503 21,053,66890 - 135 547,766 728,473 1,276,239135 - 200 1,362,198 2,319,195 3,681,393200 - 250 156,858 204,515 361,373250 - 300 84,986 112,711 197,697300 - 500 122,573 166,660 289,234500 - 750 37,396 52,882 90,277750 - 1,000 12,748 18,570 31,3181,000 - 1,500 8,833 13,221 22,0541,500 - 2,000 2,974 4,584 7,5582,000 - 3,000 2,038 3,228 5,2663,000 - 5,000 981 1,610 2,5915,000 - 7,500 284 485 7707,500 - 10,000 94 164 258Above 10,000 104 195 300Total households 5,730,000 21,289,997 27,019,997

Table 3.22: Rich HouseholdsState: Uttar Pradesh

Year: 2001-02Income Class (Rs '000) Urban Rural TotalOver 500 65,453 94,939 160,393Over 1,000 15,309 23,488 38,797Over 2,000 3,502 5,683 9,185Over 5,000 483 845 1,327Over 10,000 104 195 300

Table 3.23: Households Per Million by IncomeState: Uttar Pradesh

Year: 2001-02Income Class (Rs '000) Urban Rural TotalBelow 90 591,652 829,662 779,18890 - 135 95,596 34,217 47,233135 - 200 237,731 108,934 136,247200 - 250 27,375 9,606 13,374250 - 300 14,832 5,294 7,317300 - 500 21,392 7,828 10,704500 - 750 6,526 2,484 3,341750 - 1,000 2,225 872 1,1591,000 - 1,500 1,542 621 8161,500 - 2,000 519 215 2802,000 - 3,000 356 152 1953,000 - 5,000 171 76 965,000 - 7,500 50 23 287,500 - 10,000 16 8 10Above 10,000 18 9 11

Table 3.24: Rich Households Per MillionState: Uttar Pradesh

Year: 2001-02Income Class (Rs '000) Urban Rural TotalOver 500 11,423 4,459 15,882Over 1,000 2,672 1,103 3,775Over 2,000 611 267 878Over 5,000 84 40 124Over 10,000 18 9 27


Table 3.25: Household Distribution by IncomeState: Uttaranchal

Year: 2001-02Income Class (Rs '000) Urban Rural TotalBelow 90 209,009 899,894 1,108,90490 - 135 38,045 49,319 87,365135 - 200 94,982 184,611 279,593200 - 250 14,514 15,953 30,468250 - 300 7,884 8,794 16,678300 - 500 11,413 13,009 24,422500 - 750 3,502 4,131 7,633750 - 1,000 1,199 1,451 2,6501,000 - 1,500 834 1,034 1,8681,500 - 2,000 282 359 6412,000 - 3,000 194 253 4473,000 - 5,000 94 126 2205,000 - 7,500 27 38 657,500 - 10,000 9 13 22Above 10,000 10 15 26Total households 382,000 1,179,000 1,561,000

Table 3.26: Rich HouseholdsState: Uttaranchal


Table 3.27: Households Per Million by IncomeState: Uttaranchal

Year: 2001-02Income Class (Rs '000) Urban Rural TotalBelow 90 547,145 763,269 710,38090 - 135 99,595 41,832 55,967135 - 200 248,644 156,583 179,111200 - 250 37,996 13,531 19,518250 - 300 20,638 7,459 10,684300 - 500 29,877 11,034 15,645500 - 750 9,168 3,503 4,890750 - 1,000 3,139 1,231 1,6981,000 - 1,500 2,184 877 1,1971,500 - 2,000 739 304 4102,000 - 3,000 508 214 2863,000 - 5,000 246 107 1415,000 - 7,500 72 32 427,500 - 10,000 24 11 14Above 10,000 27 13 16

Table 3.28: Rich Households Per MillionState: Uttaranchal



Table 3.29: Household Distribution by IncomeState: Chandigarh

Year: 2001-02Income Class (Rs '000) Urban Rural TotalBelow 90 21,500 7,188 28,68990 - 135 30,180 4,461 34,642135 - 200 42,924 4,690 47,614200 - 250 22,848 2,283 25,131250 - 300 13,970 1,359 15,329300 - 500 24,225 2,258 26,483500 - 750 9,764 855 10,618750 - 1,000 4,112 343 4,4551,000 - 1,500 3,470 277 3,7471,500 - 2,000 1,443 110 1,5532,000 - 3,000 1,205 88 1,2923,000 - 5,000 753 52 8055,000 - 7,500 289 19 3077,500 - 10,000 117 7 124Above 10,000 199 11 210Total households 177,000 24,000 201,000

Table 3.30: Rich HouseholdsState: Chandigarh

Year: 2001-02Income Class (Rs '000) Urban Rural TotalOver 500 21,352 1,761 23,112Over 1,000 7,476 563 8,039Over 2,000 2,563 176 2,739Over 5,000 605 37 642Over 10,000 199 11 210

Table 3.31: Households Per Million by IncomeState: Chandigarh

Year: 2001-02Income Class (Rs '000) Urban Rural TotalBelow 90 121,472 299,515 142,73190 - 135 170,510 185,893 172,347135 - 200 242,508 195,407 236,884200 - 250 129,083 95,136 125,030250 - 300 78,929 56,612 76,264300 - 500 136,867 94,072 131,757500 - 750 55,162 35,617 52,828750 - 1,000 23,232 14,303 22,1661,000 - 1,500 19,604 11,538 18,6411,500 - 2,000 8,155 4,575 7,7272,000 - 3,000 6,807 3,650 6,4303,000 - 5,000 4,254 2,149 4,0035,000 - 7,500 1,630 773 1,5287,500 - 10,000 663 299 619Above 10,000 1,124 463 1,045

Table 3.32: Rich Households Per MillionState: Chandigarh

Year: 2001-02Income Class (Rs '000) Urban Rural TotalOver 500 120,631 73,366 193,997Over 1,000 42,236 23,447 65,683Over 2,000 14,477 7,334 21,811Over 5,000 3,417 1,535 4,952Over 10,000 1,124 463 1,587


Table 3.33: Household Distribution by IncomeState: Delhi

Year: 2001-02Income Class (Rs '000) Urban Rural TotalBelow 90 197,929 64,156 262,08590 - 135 382,766 40,750 423,516135 - 200 528,781 67,033 595,814200 - 250 352,363 23,934 376,297250 - 300 220,475 14,080 234,554300 - 500 396,282 22,987 419,269500 - 750 168,381 8,476 176,857750 - 1,000 73,818 3,336 77,1541,000 - 1,500 64,693 2,641 67,3351,500 - 2,000 28,012 1,027 29,0392,000 - 3,000 24,283 804 25,0873,000 - 5,000 15,958 462 16,4195,000 - 7,500 6,447 162 6,6087,500 - 10,000 2,728 61 2,789Above 10,000 5,085 91 5,176Total households 2,468,000 250,000 2,718,000

Table 3.34: Rich HouseholdsState: Delhi

Year: 2001-02Income Class (Rs '000) Urban Rural TotalOver 500 389,405 17,060 406,465Over 1,000 147,206 5,247 152,453Over 2,000 54,500 1,579 56,080Over 5,000 14,259 314 14,573Over 10,000 5,085 91 5,176

Table 3.35: Households Per Million by IncomeState: Delhi

Year: 2001-02Income Class (Rs '000) Urban Rural TotalBelow 90 80,198 256,625 96,42690 - 135 155,092 162,999 155,819135 - 200 214,255 268,134 219,211200 - 250 142,773 95,736 138,446250 - 300 89,333 56,318 86,297300 - 500 160,568 91,948 154,256500 - 750 68,226 33,906 65,069750 - 1,000 29,910 13,346 28,3861,000 - 1,500 26,213 10,566 24,7741,500 - 2,000 11,350 4,106 10,6842,000 - 3,000 9,839 3,215 9,2303,000 - 5,000 6,466 1,846 6,0415,000 - 7,500 2,612 647 2,4317,500 - 10,000 1,105 245 1,026Above 10,000 2,060 364 1,904

Table 3.36: Rich Households Per MillionState: Delhi



Table 3.37: Household Distribution by IncomeRegion: North

Year: 2001-02Income Class (Rs '000) Urban Rural TotalBelow 90 6,973,616 32,047,202 39,020,81890 - 135 1,742,287 1,731,114 3,473,401135 - 200 3,480,217 4,849,547 8,329,764200 - 250 795,536 548,548 1,344,084250 - 300 472,317 312,494 784,811300 - 500 789,021 487,104 1,276,124500 - 750 304,995 168,333 473,328750 - 1,000 125,794 63,338 189,1321,000 - 1,500 104,888 48,238 153,1261,500 - 2,000 43,360 18,041 61,4012,000 - 3,000 36,189 13,670 49,8593,000 - 5,000 22,774 7,545 30,3195,000 - 7,500 8,852 2,545 11,3977,500 - 10,000 3,652 942 4,594Above 10,000 6,502 1,339 7,841Total households 14,910,000 40,300,000 55,210,000

Table 3.38: Rich HouseholdsRegion: North

Year: 2001-02Income Class (Rs '000) Urban Rural TotalOver 500 657,006 323,990 980,996Over 1,000 226,216 92,320 318,536Over 2,000 77,969 26,041 104,010Over 5,000 19,005 4,826 23,832Over 10,000 6,502 1,339 7,841

Table 3.39: Households Per Million by IncomeRegion: North

Year: 2001-02Income Class (Rs '000) Urban Rural TotalBelow 90 467,714 795,216 706,77190 - 135 116,854 42,956 62,913135 - 200 233,415 120,336 150,874200 - 250 53,356 13,612 24,345250 - 300 31,678 7,754 14,215300 - 500 52,919 12,087 23,114500 - 750 20,456 4,177 8,573750 - 1,000 8,437 1,572 3,4261000 - 1,500 7,035 1,197 2,7741500 - 2,000 2,908 448 1,1122000 - 3,000 2,427 339 9033000 - 5,000 1,527 187 5495000 - 7,500 594 63 2067500 - 10,000 245 23 83Above 10,000 436 33 142

Table 3.40: Rich Households Per MillionRegion: North

Year: 2001-02Income Class (Rs '000) Urban Rural TotalOver 500 44,065 8,039 52,104Over 1,000 15,172 2,291 17,463Over 2,000 5,229 646 5,875Over 5,000 1,275 120 1,394Over 10,000 436 33 469


Table 3.41: Household Distribution by IncomeState: Gujarat

Year: 2001-02Income Class (Rs '000) Urban Rural TotalBelow 90 1,480,908 4,381,338 5,862,24690 - 135 625,691 318,859 944,549135 - 200 1,138,077 868,992 2,007,069200 - 250 121,595 74,721 196,316250 - 300 73,841 43,104 116,945300 - 500 126,686 68,299 194,985500 - 750 50,259 24,076 74,336750 - 1,000 20,916 9,158 30,0741000 - 1,500 17,451 7,023 24,4741500 - 2,000 7,173 2,638 9,8112000 - 3,000 5,920 2,000 7,9203000 - 5,000 3,645 1,101 4,7465000 - 7,500 1,375 369 1,7437500 - 10,000 552 135 687Above 10,000 912 187 1,099Total households 3,675,000 5,802,001 9,477,000

Table 3.42: Rich HouseholdsState: Gujarat

Year: 2001-02Income Class (Rs '000) Urban Rural TotalOver 500 108,202 46,687 154,889Over 1,000 37,027 13,453 50,480Over 2,000 12,403 3,792 16,196Over 5,000 2,839 691 3,530Over 10,000 912 187 1,099

Table 3.43: Households Per Million by IncomeState: Gujarat

Year: 2001-02Income Class (Rs '000) Urban Rural TotalBelow 90 402,968 755,143 618,57690 - 135 170,256 54,957 99,668135 - 200 309,681 149,774 211,783200 - 250 33,087 12,879 20,715250 - 300 20,093 7,429 12,340300 - 500 34,472 11,772 20,575500 - 750 13,676 4,150 7,844750 - 1,000 5,691 1,578 3,1731,000 - 1,500 4,749 1,210 2,5821,500 - 2,000 1,952 455 1,0352,000 - 3,000 1,611 345 8363,000 - 5,000 992 190 5015,000 - 7,500 374 64 1847,500 - 10,000 150 23 73Above 10,000 248 32 116

Table 3.44: Rich Households Per MillionState: Gujarat



Table 3.45: Household Distribution by IncomeState: Maharashtra

Year: 2001-02Income Class (Rs '000) Urban Rural TotalBelow 90 3,148,007 8,403,332 11,551,33990 - 135 1,221,746 513,825 1,735,571135 - 200 2,076,362 1,604,866 3,681,228200 - 250 359,050 98,870 457,920250 - 300 227,764 57,511 285,275300 - 500 418,288 92,289 510,577500 - 750 183,414 33,161 216,575750 - 1,000 82,351 12,798 95,1501,000 - 1,500 73,823 9,948 83,7711,500 - 2,000 32,738 3,791 36,5292,000 - 3,000 29,029 2,914 31,9433,000 - 5,000 19,658 1,633 21,2915,000 - 7,500 8,195 557 8,7537,500 - 10,000 3,551 207 3,759Above 10,000 7,023 295 7,318Total households 7,891,000 10,836,000 18,727,000

Table 3.46: Rich HouseholdsState: Maharashtra


Table 3.47: Households Per Million by IncomeState: Maharashtra

Year: 2001-02Income Class (Rs '000) Urban Rural TotalBelow 90 398,936 775,501 616,82890 - 135 154,828 47,418 92,677135 - 200 263,130 148,105 196,573200 - 250 45,501 9,124 24,452250 - 300 28,864 5,307 15,233300 - 500 53,008 8,517 27,264500 - 750 23,243 3,060 11,565750 - 1,000 10,436 1,181 5,0811,000 - 1,500 9,355 918 4,4731,500 - 2,000 4,149 350 1,9512,000 - 3,000 3,679 269 1,7063,000 - 5,000 2,491 151 1,1375,000 - 7,500 1,039 51 4677,500 - 10,000 450 19 201Above 10,000 890 27 391

Table 3.48: Rich Households Per MillionState: Maharashtra



Table 3.49: Household Distribution by IncomeState: Rajasthan

Year: 2001-02Income Class (Rs '000) Urban Rural TotalBelow 90 1,161,843 5,063,492 6,225,33590 - 135 253,323 533,564 786,887135 - 200 538,535 1,082,835 1,621,371200 - 250 61,660 145,471 207,131250 - 300 34,807 76,051 110,858300 - 500 53,397 103,949 157,346500 - 750 17,907 29,201 47,108750 - 1,000 6,560 9,347 15,9071,000 - 1,500 4,858 6,111 10,9691,500 - 2,000 1,758 1,932 3,6892,000 - 3,000 1,287 1,249 2,5373,000 - 5,000 677 556 1,2335,000 - 7,500 216 148 3647,500 - 10,000 76 46 122Above 10,000 97 46 143Total households 2,137,000 7,053,998 9,190,999

Table 3.50: Rich HouseholdsState: Rajasthan

Year: 2001-02Income Class (Rs '000) Urban Rural TotalOver 500 33,435 48,637 82,072Over 1,000 8,968 10,089 19,057Over 2,000 2,353 2,046 4,399Over 5,000 389 241 630Over 10,000 97 46 143

Table 3.51: Households Per Million by IncomeState: Rajasthan

Year: 2001-02Income Class (Rs '000) Urban Rural TotalBelow 90 543,680 717,819 677,33090 - 135 118,541 75,640 85,615135 - 200 252,005 153,507 176,409200 - 250 28,854 20,622 22,536250 - 300 16,288 10,781 12,062300 - 500 24,987 14,736 17,120500 - 750 8,380 4,140 5,125750 - 1,000 3,070 1,325 1,7311,000 - 1,500 2,273 866 1,1931,500 - 2,000 822 274 4012,000 - 3,000 602 177 2763,000 - 5,000 317 79 1345,000 - 7,500 101 21 407,500 - 10,000 36 6 13Above 10,000 45 7 16

Table 3.52: Rich Households Per MillionState: Rajasthan



Table 3.53: Household Distribution by IncomeState: Goa

Year: 2001-02Income Class (Rs '000) Urban Rural TotalBelow 90 15,920 86,012 101,93290 - 135 40,142 12,681 52,823135 - 200 33,270 30,926 64,196200 - 250 14,945 3,404 18,349250 - 300 8,545 1,850 10,395300 - 500 13,366 2,679 16,045500 - 750 4,616 824 5,440750 - 1,000 1,729 282 2,0121,000 - 1,500 1,308 197 1,5041,500 - 2,000 484 67 5502,000 - 3,000 362 46 4083,000 - 5,000 195 22 2185,000 - 7,500 64 6 717,500 - 10,000 23 2 25Above 10,000 31 2 33Total households 135,000 139,000 274,000

Table 3.54: Rich HouseholdsState: Goa


Table 3.55: Households Per Million by IncomeState: Goa

Year: 2001-02Income Class (Rs '000) Urban Rural TotalBelow 90 117,927 618,792 372,01690 - 135 297,345 91,232 192,784135 - 200 246,446 222,488 234,292200 - 250 110,705 24,486 66,966250 - 300 63,296 13,309 37,938300 - 500 99,004 19,277 58,558500 - 750 34,195 5,925 19,853750 - 1,000 12,809 2,031 7,3411,000 - 1,500 9,685 1,414 5,4891,500 - 2,000 3,583 479 2,0082,000 - 3,000 2,680 329 1,4883,000 - 5,000 1,448 160 7945,000 - 7,500 475 47 2587,500 - 10,000 172 15 93Above 10,000 228 18 121

Table 3.56: Rich Households Per MillionState: Goa



Table 3.57: Household Distribution by IncomeRegion: West

Year: 2001-02Income Class (Rs '000) Urban Rural TotalBelow 90 5,806,678 17,934,175 23,740,85390 - 135 2,140,901 1,378,928 3,519,829135 - 200 3,786,245 3,587,619 7,373,864200 - 250 557,250 322,466 879,716250 - 300 344,957 178,516 523,473300 - 500 611,736 267,217 878,953500 - 750 256,197 87,262 343,459750 - 1,000 111,556 31,586 143,1421,000 - 1,500 97,440 23,278 120,7181,500 - 2,000 42,152 8,427 50,5792,000 - 3,000 36,598 6,210 42,8083,000 - 5,000 24,175 3,312 27,4875,000 - 7,500 9,850 1,081 10,9317,500 - 10,000 4,203 391 4,594Above 10,000 8,063 531 8,594Total households 13,838,000 23,830,999 37,668,999

Table 3.58: Rich HouseholdsRegion: West


Table 3.59: Households Per Million by IncomeRegion: West

Year: 2001-02Income Class (Rs '000) Urban Rural TotalBelow 90 419,618 752,557 630,24990 - 135 154,712 57,863 93,441135 - 200 273,612 150,544 195,754200 - 250 40,270 13,531 23,354250 - 300 24,928 7,491 13,897300 - 500 44,207 11,213 23,334500 - 750 18,514 3,662 9,118750 - 1,000 8,062 1,325 3,8001,000 - 1,500 7,041 977 3,2051,500 - 2,000 3,046 354 1,3432,000 - 3,000 2,645 261 1,1363,000 - 5,000 1,747 139 7305,000 - 7,500 712 45 2907,500 - 10,000 304 16 122Above 10,000 583 22 228

Table 3.60: Rich Households Per MillionRegion: West



Table 3.61: Household Distribution by IncomeState: Andhra Pradesh

Year: 2001-02Income Class (Rs '000) Urban Rural TotalBelow 90 1,628,403 10,447,461 12,075,86590 - 135 859,342 457,110 1,316,452135 - 200 1,507,783 1,463,991 2,971,774200 - 250 267,479 39,987 307,465250 - 300 151,907 23,216 175,124300 - 500 235,190 37,150 272,340500 - 750 79,983 13,292 93,275750 - 1,000 29,611 5,113 34,7241,000 - 1,500 22,145 3,962 26,1081,500 - 2,000 8,098 1,505 9,6032,000 - 3,000 5,990 1,154 7,1443,000 - 5,000 3,190 644 3,8345,000 - 7,500 1,031 219 1,2507,500 - 10,000 369 81 450Above 10,000 478 115 593Total households 4,801,000 12,495,000 17,296,000

Table 3.62: Rich HouseholdsState: Andhra Pradesh


Table 3.63: Households Per Million by IncomeState: Andhra Pradesh

Year: 2001-02Income Class (Rs '000) Urban Rural TotalBelow 90 339,180 836,131 698,18890 - 135 178,992 36,583 76,113135 - 200 314,056 117,166 171,819200 - 250 55,713 3,200 17,777250 - 300 31,641 1,858 10,125300 - 500 48,988 2,973 15,746500 - 750 16,660 1,064 5,393750 - 1,000 6,168 409 2,0081,000 - 1,500 4,613 317 1,5091,500 - 2,000 1,687 120 5552,000 - 3,000 1,248 92 4133,000 - 5,000 664 52 2225,000 - 7,500 215 18 727,500 - 10,000 77 6 26Above 10,000 100 9 34

Table 3.64: Rich Households Per MillionState: Andhra Pradesh



Table 3.65: Household Distribution by IncomeState: Karnataka

Year: 2001-02Income Class (Rs '000) Urban Rural TotalBelow 90 1,605,643 5,272,999 6,878,64190 - 135 464,052 284,376 748,428135 - 200 1,011,520 684,561 1,696,081200 - 250 118,706 122,973 241,679250 - 300 70,521 66,750 137,271300 - 500 116,957 96,479 213,435500 - 750 44,116 29,559 73,675750 - 1,000 17,669 10,107 27,7761,000 - 1,500 14,221 7,021 21,2421,500 - 2,000 5,626 2,371 7,9962,000 - 3,000 4,479 1,629 6,1083,000 - 5,000 2,629 786 3,4155,000 - 7,500 943 229 1,1727,500 - 10,000 364 75 440Above 10,000 554 86 640Total households 3,478,000 6,580,000 10,058,000

Table 3.66: Rich HouseholdsState: Karnataka


Table 3.67: Households Per Million by IncomeState: Karnataka

Year: 2001-02Income Class (Rs '000) Urban Rural TotalBelow 90 461,657 801,368 683,89890 - 135 133,425 43,218 74,411135 - 200 290,834 104,037 168,630200 - 250 34,131 18,689 24,029250 - 300 20,276 10,144 13,648300 - 500 33,628 14,662 21,220500 - 750 12,684 4,492 7,325750 - 1,000 5,080 1,536 2,7621,000 - 1,500 4,089 1,067 2,1121,500 - 2,000 1,618 360 7952,000 - 3,000 1,288 248 6073,000 - 5,000 756 119 3405,000 - 7,500 271 35 1167,500 - 10,000 105 11 44Above 10,000 159 13 64

Table 3.68: Rich Households Per MillionState: Karnataka



Table 3.69: Household Distribution by IncomeState: Kerala

Year: 2001-02Income Class (Rs '000) Urban Rural TotalBelow 90 716,644 3,698,126 4,414,77090 - 135 308,321 296,060 604,381135 - 200 484,267 574,140 1,058,406200 - 250 93,607 115,676 209,284250 - 300 53,667 61,206 114,873300 - 500 84,293 85,162 169,455500 - 750 29,298 24,597 53,895750 - 1,000 11,027 8,042 19,0691,000 - 1,500 8,375 5,361 13,7361,500 - 2,000 3,114 1,731 4,8442,000 - 3,000 2,339 1,141 3,4803,000 - 5,000 1,271 521 1,7935,000 - 7,500 420 143 5637,500 - 10,000 153 45 198Above 10,000 205 47 252Total households 1,797,000 4,872,000 6,669,000

Table 3.70: Rich HouseholdsState: Kerala

Year: 2001-02Income Class (Rs '000) Urban Rural TotalOver 500 56,201 41,628 97,830Over 1,000 15,876 8,989 24,865Over 2,000 4,387 1,898 6,285Over 5,000 777 235 1,013Over 10,000 205 47 252

Table 3.71: Households Per Million by IncomeState: Kerala

Year: 2001-02Income Class (Rs '000) Urban Rural TotalBelow 90 398,800 759,057 661,98490 - 135 171,575 60,768 90,625135 - 200 269,486 117,845 158,705200 - 250 52,091 23,743 31,382250 - 300 29,865 12,563 17,225300 - 500 46,908 17,480 25,409500 - 750 16,304 5,049 8,081750 - 1,000 6,137 1,651 2,8591,000 - 1,500 4,661 1,100 2,0601,500 - 2,000 1,733 355 7262,000 - 3,000 1,302 234 5223,000 - 5,000 707 107 2695,000 - 7,500 234 29 847,500 - 10,000 85 9 30Above 10,000 114 10 38

Table 3.72: Rich Households Per MillionState: Kerala



Table 3.73: Household Distribution by IncomeState: Tamil Nadu

Year: 2001-02Income Class (Rs '000) Urban Rural TotalBelow 90 2,968,334 6,712,453 9,680,78790 - 135 856,213 272,040 1,128,253135 - 200 1,289,338 1,032,130 2,321,468200 - 250 199,536 44,406 243,942250 - 300 117,610 25,699 143,309300 - 500 192,706 40,921 233,627500 - 750 71,384 14,533 85,917750 - 1,000 28,200 5,559 33,7591,000 - 1,500 22,407 4,285 26,6921,500 - 2,000 8,743 1,619 10,3612,000 - 3,000 6,871 1,234 8,1053,000 - 5,000 3,965 684 4,6495,000 - 7,500 1,396 231 1,6277,500 - 10,000 532 85 618Above 10,000 786 119 906Total households 5,768,023 8,155,999 13,924,022

Table 3.74: Rich HouseholdsState: Tamil Nadu


Table 3.75: Households Per Million by IncomeState: Tamil Nadu


Table 3.76: Rich Households Per MillionState: Tamil Nadu



Table 3.77: Household Distribution by IncomeState: Pondicherry

Year: 2001-02Income Class (Rs '000) Urban Rural TotalBelow 90 68,472 49,833 118,30590 - 135 17,715 4,242 21,957135 - 200 36,118 11,759 47,877200 - 250 3,608 1,876 5,484250 - 300 2,034 1,019 3,053300 - 500 3,114 1,475 4,589500 - 750 1,041 453 1,494750 - 1,000 380 155 5351,000 - 1,500 281 108 3891,500 - 2,000 101 36 1382,000 - 3,000 74 25 993,000 - 5,000 39 12 515,000 - 7,500 12 4 167,500 - 10,000 4 1 6Above 10,000 6 1 7Total households 133,000 71,000 204,000

Table 3.78: Rich HouseholdsState: Pondicherry


Table 3.79: Households Per Million by IncomeState: Pondicherry

Year: 2001-02Income Class (Rs '000) Urban Rural TotalBelow 90 514,829 701,872 579,92790 - 135 133,194 59,751 107,633135 - 200 271,562 165,617 234,689200 - 250 27,127 26,429 26,884250 - 300 15,293 14,357 14,967300 - 500 23,413 20,775 22,495500 - 750 7,828 6,376 7,322750 - 1,000 2,861 2,183 2,6251,000 - 1,500 2,114 1,518 1,9071,500 - 2,000 763 513 6762,000 - 3,000 558 353 4863,000 - 5,000 292 171 2505,000 - 7,500 93 50 787,500 - 10,000 33 16 27Above 10,000 41 19 34

Table 3.80: Rich Households Per MillionState: Pondicherry



Table 3.81: Household Distribution by IncomeRegion: South

Year: 2001-02Income Class (Rs '000) Urban Rural TotalBelow 90 6,987,496 26,180,872 33,168,36990 - 135 2,505,643 1,313,828 3,819,471135 - 200 4,329,025 3,766,582 8,095,607200 - 250 682,935 324,919 1,007,854250 - 300 395,739 177,892 573,630300 - 500 632,260 261,187 893,447500 - 750 225,822 82,433 308,256750 - 1,000 86,888 28,976 115,8651,000 - 1,500 67,430 20,737 88,1671,500 - 2,000 25,681 7,261 32,9432,000 - 3,000 19,754 5,182 24,9363,000 - 5,000 11,094 2,647 13,7415,000 - 7,500 3,803 825 4,6287,500 - 10,000 1,422 288 1,710Above 10,000 2,029 368 2,397Total households 15,977,023 32,173,998 48,151,021

Table 3.82: Rich HouseholdsRegion: South


Table 3.83: Households Per Million by IncomeRegion: South


Table 3.84: Rich Households Per MillionRegion: South



Table 3.85: Household Distribution by IncomeState: Assam

Year: 2001-02Income Class (Rs '000) Urban Rural TotalBelow 90 303,531 3,686,865 3,990,39690 - 135 93,593 129,058 222,651135 - 200 240,803 273,654 514,457200 - 250 19,308 24,927 44,235250 - 300 11,210 13,725 24,935300 - 500 17,948 20,267 38,215500 - 750 6,422 6,417 12,839750 - 1,000 2,471 2,250 4,7211,000 - 1,500 1,916 1,599 3,5151,500 - 2,000 728 554 1,2822,000 - 3,000 558 389 9483,000 - 5,000 312 194 5065,000 - 7,500 106 58 1647,500 - 10,000 39 20 59Above 10,000 55 23 79Total households 699,000 4,160,000 4,859,000

Table 3.86: Rich HouseholdsState: Assam


Table 3.87: Households Per Million by IncomeState: Assam

Year: 2001-02Income Class (Rs '000) Urban Rural TotalBelow 90 434,236 886,266 821,23890 - 135 133,896 31,023 45,822135 - 200 344,497 65,782 105,877200 - 250 27,622 5,992 9,104250 - 300 16,037 3,299 5,132300 - 500 25,677 4,872 7,865500 - 750 9,187 1,543 2,642750 - 1,000 3,535 541 9721,000 - 1,500 2,740 384 7231,500 - 2,000 1,041 133 2642,000 - 3,000 799 94 1953,000 - 5,000 446 47 1045,000 - 7,500 152 14 347,500 - 10,000 56 5 12Above 10,000 79 6 16

Table 3.88: Rich Households Per MillionState: Assam



Table 3.89: Household Distribution by IncomeState: Bihar

Year: 2001-02Income Class (Rs '000) Urban Rural TotalBelow 90 907,757 11,346,441 12,254,19890 - 135 88,956 218,077 307,034135 - 200 246,757 836,249 1,083,006200 - 250 15,987 30,912 46,899250 - 300 9,198 16,005 25,203300 - 500 14,523 21,567 36,090500 - 750 5,088 5,924 11,013750 - 1,000 1,927 1,865 3,7911,000 - 1,500 1,472 1,200 2,6721,500 - 2,000 551 373 9232,000 - 3,000 416 237 6533,000 - 5,000 228 104 3315,000 - 7,500 76 27 1037,500 - 10,000 28 8 36Above 10,000 38 8 46Total households 1,293,000 12,478,998 13,771,998

Table 3.90: Rich HouseholdsState: Bihar


Table 3.91: Households Per Million by IncomeState: Bihar

Year: 2001-02Income Class (Rs '000) Urban Rural TotalBelow 90 702,055 909,243 889,79190 - 135 68,798 17,476 22,294135 - 200 190,840 67,013 78,638200 - 250 12,364 2,477 3,405250 - 300 7,113 1,283 1,830300 - 500 11,232 1,728 2,621500 - 750 3,935 475 800750 - 1,000 1,490 149 2751,000 - 1,500 1,138 96 1941,500 - 2,000 426 30 672,000 - 3,000 322 19 473,000 - 5,000 176 8 245,000 - 7,500 59 2 77,500 - 10,000 21 1 3Above 10,000 29 1 3

Table 3.92: Rich Households Per MillionState: Bihar



Table 3.93: Household Distribution by IncomeState: Jharkhand

Year: 2001-02Income Class (Rs '000) Urban Rural TotalBelow 90 718,712 3,401,730 4,120,44390 - 135 42,169 62,211 104,380135 - 200 233,311 237,107 470,418200 - 250 13,817 18,538 32,355250 - 300 7,949 9,603 17,552300 - 500 12,552 12,949 25,501500 - 750 4,398 3,561 7,959750 - 1,000 1,665 1,122 2,7871,000 - 1,500 1,272 723 1,9951,500 - 2,000 476 225 7012,000 - 3,000 359 143 5033,000 - 5,000 197 63 2595,000 - 7,500 66 16 827,500 - 10,000 24 5 29Above 10,000 33 5 37Total households 1,037,000 3,748,001 4,785,001

Table 3.94: Rich HouseholdsState: Jharkhand


Table 3.95: Households Per Million by IncomeState: Jharkhand


Table 3.96: Rich Households Per MillionState: Jharkhand



Table 3.97: Household Distribution by IncomeState: Meghalaya

Year: 2001-02Income Class (Rs '000) Urban Rural TotalBelow 90 42,337 279,370 321,70790 - 135 12,368 11,691 24,059135 - 200 24,208 28,039 52,247200 - 250 3,420 2,609 6,029250 - 300 1,923 1,252 3,176300 - 500 2,934 1,512 4,446500 - 750 976 349 1,324750 - 1,000 355 96 4511,000 - 1,500 261 55 3161,500 - 2,000 94 15 1092,000 - 3,000 68 8 773,000 - 5,000 36 3 395,000 - 7,500 11 1 127,500 - 10,000 4 0 4Above 10,000 5 0 5Total households 89,000 325,000 414,000

Table 3.98: Rich HouseholdsState: Meghalaya


Table 3.99: Households Per Million by IncomeState: Meghalaya

Year: 2001-02Income Class (Rs '000) Urban Rural TotalBelow 90 475,692 859,602 777,07090 - 135 138,964 35,972 58,112135 - 200 271,996 86,274 126,200200 - 250 38,425 8,027 14,562250 - 300 21,611 3,854 7,671300 - 500 32,969 4,652 10,739500 - 750 10,963 1,073 3,199750 - 1,000 3,990 296 1,0901,000 - 1,500 2,937 169 7641,500 - 2,000 1,056 46 2632,000 - 3,000 769 26 1863,000 - 5,000 401 10 945,000 - 7,500 127 2 297,500 - 10,000 45 1 10Above 10,000 56 0 12

Table 3.100: Rich Households Per MillionState: Meghalaya



Table 3.101: Household Distribution by IncomeState: Orissa

Year: 2001-02Income Class (Rs '000) Urban Rural TotalBelow 90 694,532 5,937,100 6,631,63390 - 135 91,853 468,083 559,936135 - 200 227,493 173,607 401,099200 - 250 16,057 46,614 62,672250 - 300 9,186 22,655 31,841300 - 500 14,379 27,835 42,213500 - 750 4,972 6,604 11,576750 - 1,000 1,864 1,859 3,7231,000 - 1,500 1,411 1,081 2,4921,500 - 2,000 522 301 8232,000 - 3,000 391 173 5643,000 - 5,000 211 66 2775,000 - 7,500 70 15 847,500 - 10,000 25 4 29Above 10,000 33 3 37Total households 1,063,000 6,686,001 7,749,001

Table 3.102: Rich HouseholdsState: Orissa


Table 3.103: Households Per Million by IncomeState: Orissa


Table 3.104: Rich Households Per MillionState: Orissa



Table 3.105: Household Distribution by IncomeState: West Bengal

Year: 2001-02Income Class Urban Rural TotalBelow 90 2,197,417 9,932,225 12,129,64190 - 135 587,604 219,385 806,988135 - 200 1,393,712 709,729 2,103,441200 - 250 119,726 53,123 172,849250 - 300 71,273 28,246 99,520300 - 500 118,580 39,588 158,169500 - 750 44,941 11,564 56,505750 - 1,000 18,064 3,813 21,8781,000 - 1,500 14,589 2,562 17,1511,500 - 2,000 5,792 834 6,6262,000 - 3000 4,627 554 5,1813,000 - 5,000 2,728 256 2,9845,000 - 7,500 983 71 1,0547,500 - 10,000 381 23 404Above 10,000 584 24 608Total households 4,581,000 11,001,998 15,582,999

Table 3.106: Rich HouseholdsState: West Bengal


Table 3.107: Households Per Million by IncomeState: West Bengal

Year: 2001-02Income Class Urban Rural TotalBelow 90 479,680 902,766 778,38990 - 135 128,270 19,940 51,786135 - 200 304,237 64,509 134,983200 - 250 26,135 4,829 11,092250 - 300 15,558 2,567 6,386300 - 500 25,885 3,598 10,150500 - 750 9,810 1,051 3,626750 - 1,000 3,943 347 1,4041,000 - 1,500 3,185 233 1,1011,500 - 2,000 1,264 76 4252,000 - 3,000 1,010 50 3323,000 - 5,000 595 23 1915,000 - 7,500 215 6 687,500 - 10,000 83 2 26Above 10,000 128 2 39

Table 3.108: Rich Households Per MillionState: West Bengal



Table 3.109: Household Distribution by IncomeRegion: East

Year: 2001-02Income Class (Rs '000) Urban Rural TotalBelow 90 4,864,286 34,583,731 39,448,01790 - 135 916,544 1,108,504 2,025,048135 - 200 2,366,282 2,258,385 4,624,667200 - 250 188,315 176,724 365,039250 - 300 110,739 91,487 202,226300 - 500 180,917 123,717 304,634500 - 750 66,797 34,420 101,217750 - 1,000 26,347 11,005 37,3521,000 - 1,500 20,920 7,221 28,1411,500 - 2,000 8,162 2,301 10,4642,000 - 3,000 6,420 1,506 7,9253,000 - 5,000 3,712 685 4,3965,000 - 7,500 1,311 188 1,4997,500 - 10,000 502 60 561Above 10,000 748 64 812Total households 8,762,001 38,399,998 47,161,998

Table 3.110: Rich HouseholdsRegion: East


Table 3.111: Households Per Million by IncomeRegion: East


Table 3.112: Rich Households Per MillionRegion: East



Table 3.113: Distribution of Households by Income and Size of TownState: Haryana

Year: 2001-02Income Class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandBelow 90 29,316 237,593 266,90990 - 135 34,397 173,227 207,625135 - 200 47,123 254,849 301,972200 - 250 24,368 59,044 83,413250 - 300 14,383 34,858 49,241300 - 500 23,619 57,258 80,877500 - 750 8,778 21,289 30,067750 - 1,000 3,476 8,434 11,9101,000 - 1,500 2,769 6,719 9,4881,500 - 2,000 1,083 2,629 3,7122,000 - 3,000 853 2,072 2,9253,000 - 5,000 494 1,200 1,6945,000 - 7,500 174 424 5997,500 - 10,000 67 162 229Above 10,000 99 241 340Total households 0 0 191,000 0 860,000 1,051,000

Table 3.114: Rich Households by Size of TownState: Haryana

Year: 2001-02Income Class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandOver 500 17,793 43,170 60,963Over 1,000 5,539 13,447 18,986Over 2,000 1,687 4,099 5,786Over 5,000 340 827 1,167Over 10,000 99 241 340

Table 3.115: Households Per Million by Size of Town State: Haryana

Year: 2001-02Income Class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandBelow 90 153,488 276,271 253,95790 - 135 180,091 201,427 197,550135 - 200 246,716 296,336 287,319200 - 250 127,582 68,656 79,365250 - 300 75,306 40,533 46,852300 - 500 123,661 66,579 76,952500 - 750 45,958 24,755 28,608750 - 1,000 18,201 9,807 11,3321,000 - 1,500 14,495 7,813 9,0271,500 - 2,000 5,670 3,057 3,5322,000 - 3,000 4,467 2,409 2,7833,000 - 5,000 2,585 1,395 1,6115,000 - 7,500 914 493 5707,500 - 10,000 349 189 218Above 10,000 518 280 323

Table 3.116: Rich Households Per Million by Size of TownState: Haryana

Year: 2001-02Income Class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandOver 500 93,157 50,198 58,005Over 1,000 28,999 15,636 18,064Over 2,000 8,833 4,766 5,505Over 5,000 1,781 962 1,111Over 10,000 518 280 323


Table 3.117: Distribution of Households by Income and Size of TownState: Himachal Pradesh

Year: 2001-02Income Class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandBelow 90 54,830 54,83090 - 135 23,197 23,197135 - 200 40,167 40,167200 - 250 7,545 7,545250 - 300 4,201 4,201300 - 500 6,314 6,314500 - 750 2,052 2,052750 - 1,000 734 7341,000 - 1,500 532 5321,500 - 2,000 188 1882,000 - 3,000 135 1353,000 - 5,000 69 695,000 - 7,500 21 217,500 - 10,000 7 7Above 10,000 9 9Total households 0 0 0 140,000 0 140,000

Table 3.118: Rich Households by Size of TownState: Himachal Pradesh

Year: 2001-02Income Class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandOver 500 3746 3746Over 1,000 960 960Over 2,000 241 241Over 5,000 37 37Over 10,000 9 9

Table 3.119: Households Per Million by Size of TownState: Himachal Pradesh

Year: 2001-02Income Class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandBelow 90 391,646 3,91,64690 - 135 165,690 1,65,690135 - 200 286,908 2,86,908200 - 250 53,892 53,892250 - 300 30,010 30,010300 - 500 45,099 45,099500 - 750 14,656 14,656750 - 1,000 5,242 5,2421,000 - 1,500 3,797 3,7971,500 - 2,000 1,341 1,3412,000 - 3,000 961 9613,000 - 5,000 490 4905,000 - 7,500 152 1527,500 - 10,000 52 52Above 10,000 64 64

Table 3.120: Rich Households Per Million by Size of TownState: Himachal Pradesh

Year: 2001-02Income Class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandOver 500 26,756 26,756Over 1,000 6,857 6,857Over 2,000 1,719 1,719Over 5,000 267 267Over 10,000 64 64


Table 3.121: Distribution of Households by Income and Size of TownState: Chhattisgarh

Year: 2001-02Income Class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandBelow 90 201,295 341,415 542,71090 - 135 17,561 22,778 40,340135 - 200 89,200 50,315 139,515200 - 250 7,844 10,711 18,555250 - 300 4,190 5,709 9,899300 - 500 5,915 8,035 13,951500 - 750 1,746 2,360 4,107750 - 1,000 581 782 1,3621,000 - 1,500 393 528 9211,500 - 2,000 129 173 3022,000 - 3,000 86 115 2023,000 - 5,000 40 54 945,000 - 7,500 11 15 267,500 - 10,000 4 5 8Above 10,000 4 5 9Total households 0 0 0 329,000 443,000 772,000

Table 3.122: Rich Households by Size of TownState: Chhattisgarh

Year: 2001-02Income Class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandOver 500 2,995 4,036 7,031Over 1,000 668 894 1,562Over 2,000 146 194 339Over 5,000 19 25 44Over 10,000 4 5 9

Table 3.123: Households Per Million by Size of TownState: Chhattisgarh

Year: 2001-02Income Class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandBelow 90 611,838 770,688 702,99290 - 135 53,378 51,418 52,254135 - 200 271,125 113,577 180,719200 - 250 23,841 24,179 24,035250 - 300 12,734 12,887 12,822300 - 500 17,980 18,139 18,071500 - 750 5,308 5,328 5,320750 - 1,000 1,765 1,765 1,7651,000 - 1,500 1,195 1,191 1,1931,500 - 2,000 392 390 3912,000 - 3,000 263 260 2613,000 - 5,000 123 121 1225,000 - 7,500 34 34 347,500 - 10,000 11 11 11Above 10,000 12 11 12

Table 3.124: Rich Households Per Million by Size of TownState: Chhattisgarh

Year: 2001-02Income Class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandOver 500 9,103 9,111 9,107Over 1,000 2,030 2,017 2,023Over 2,000 443 437 439Over 5,000 57 56 57Over 10,000 12 11 12


Table 3.125: Distribution of Households by Income and Size of TownState: Madhya Pradesh

Year: 2001-02Income Class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandBelow 90 425,779 89,374 1,344,214 1,859,36790 - 135 94,385 19,454 104,748 218,588135 - 200 182,386 34,904 331,411 548,701200 - 250 28,670 4,220 7,002 39,892250 - 300 15,302 2,254 3,732 21,288300 - 500 21,582 3,183 5,253 30,018500 - 750 6,360 940 1,543 8,843750 - 1,000 2,112 312 511 2,9351,000 - 1,500 1,428 212 345 1,9851,500 - 2,000 468 69 113 6512,000 - 3,000 313 47 75 4353,000 - 5,000 146 22 35 2035,000 - 7,500 41 6 10 577,500 - 10,000 13 2 3 18Above 10,000 14 2 3 19Total households 0 0 779,000 155,000 1,799,000 273,3000

Table 3.126: Rich Households by Size of TownState: Madhya Pradesh

Year: 2001-02Income Class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandOver 500 10,896 1,612 2,639 15,146Over 1,000 2,424 359 584 3,368Over 2,000 527 78 127 732Over 5,000 68 10 16 94Over 10,000 14 2 3 19

Table 3.127: Households Per Million by Size of TownState: Madhya Pradesh

Year: 2001-02Income Class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandBelow 90 546,572 576,603 747,200 680,33990 - 135 121,162 125,511 58,226 79,981135 - 200 234,128 225,187 184,220 200,769200 - 250 36,804 27,225 3,892 14,596250 - 300 19,643 14,542 2,075 7,789300 - 500 27,704 20,534 2,920 10,983500 - 750 8,164 6,062 858 3,236750 - 1,000 2,711 2,016 284 1,0741,000 - 1,500 1,833 1,365 192 7261,500 - 2,000 601 448 63 2382,000 - 3,000 402 300 42 1593,000 - 5,000 187 140 19 745,000 - 7,500 53 39 5 217,500 - 10,000 17 13 2 7Above 10,000 18 13 2 7

Table 3.128: Rich Households Per Million by Size of TownState: Madhya Pradesh

Year: 2001-02Income Class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandOver 500 13,987 10,397 1,467 5,542Over 1,000 3,112 2,319 325 1,232Over 2,000 677 506 70 268Over 5,000 87 65 9 35Over 10,000 18 13 2 7


Table 3.129: Distribution of Households by Income and Size of TownState: Punjab

Year: 2001-02Income Class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandBelow 90 75,071 27,232 328,893 431,19790 - 135 77,424 23,996 152,361 253,780135 - 200 125,091 31,644 264,243 420,977200 - 250 55,917 13,710 29,921 99,548250 - 300 33,926 8,301 18,145 60,373300 - 500 58,126 14,175 31,066 103,367500 - 750 23,013 5,585 12,286 40,884750 - 1,000 9,562 2,312 5,101 16,9751,000 - 1,500 7,966 1,919 4,246 14,1321,500 - 2,000 3,269 785 1,741 5,7952,000 - 3,000 2,694 645 1,434 4,7733,000 - 5,000 1,656 394 880 2,9305,000 - 7,500 623 148 331 1,1027,500 - 10,000 250 59 133 442Above 10,000 411 96 218 726Total households 0 0 475,000 131,000 851,000 1,457,000

Table 3.130: Rich Households by Size of TownState: Punjab

Year: 2001-02Income Class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandOver 500 49,445 11,943 26,371 87,758Over 1,000 16,870 4,046 8,983 29,899Over 2,000 5,634 1,342 2,995 9,972Over 5,000 1,285 303 681 2,269Over 10,000 411 96 218 726

Table 3.131: Households Per Million by Size of TownState: Punjab

Year: 2001-02Income Class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandBelow 90 158,044 207,880 386,479 295,94890 - 135 162,997 183,172 179,037 174,180135 - 200 263,349 241,557 310,508 288,934200 - 250 117,720 104,656 35,160 68,324250 - 300 71,424 63,364 21,323 41,436300 - 500 122,371 108,,206 36,506 70,945500 - 750 48,448 42,632 14,438 28,060750 - 1,000 20,130 17,648 5,994 11,6511,000 - 1,500 16,771 14,652 4,990 9,7001,500 - 2,000 6,883 5,991 2,046 39782,000 - 3,000 5,672 4,920 1,685 3,2763,000 - 5,000 3,486 3,009 1,034 2,0115,000 - 7,500 1,312 1,127 389 7567,500 - 10,000 526 450 156 303Above 10,000 866 735 256 498

Table 3.132: Rich Households Per Million by Size of TownState: Punjab

Year: 2001-02Income Class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandOver 500 104,094 91,166 30,988 60,232Over 1,000 35,516 30,885 10,556 20,521Over 2,000 11,862 10,242 3,520 6,844Over 5,000 2,704 2,313 801 1,557Over 10,000 866 735 256 498


Table 3.133: Distribution of Households by Income and Size of TownState: Uttar Pradesh

Year: 2001-02Income Class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandBelow 90 433,433 603,033 297,401 2,056,298 3390,16590 - 135 131,398 104,473 44,609 267,286 547,766135 - 200 227,112 253,297 97,395 784,394 1362,198200 - 250 40,415 26,025 9,028 81,390 156,858250 - 300 21,928 14,087 4,876 44,094 84,986300 - 500 31,695 20,289 6,999 63,590 122,573500 - 750 9,702 6,177 2,119 19,397 37,396750 - 1,000 3,316 2,102 718 6,612 12,7481,000 - 1,500 2,303 1,454 495 4,581 8,8331,500 - 2,000 777 489 166 1,542 2,9742,000 - 3,000 534 335 113 1,057 2,0383,000 - 5,000 258 161 54 508 9815,000 - 7,500 75 47 16 147 2847,500 - 10,000 25 15 5 48 94Above 10,000 28 17 6 54 104Total households 0 903000 1032000 464000 3330999 5730000

Table 3.134: Rich Households by Size of TownState: Uttar Pradesh

Year: 2001-02Income Class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandOver 500 17,017 10,796 3,692 33,947 65,453Over 1,000 4,000 2,518 854 7,938 15,309Over 2,000 919 574 193 1,815 3,502Over 5,000 127 79 26 250 483Over 10,000 28 17 6 54 104

Table 3.135: Households Per Million by Size of TownState: Uttar Pradesh

Year: 2001-02Income Class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandBelow 90 479,993 584,334 640,950 617,322 591,65290 - 135 145,513 101,233 96,140 80,242 95,596135 - 200 251,509 245,443 209,904 235,483 237,731200 - 250 44,756 25,218 19,457 24,434 27,375250 - 300 24,284 13,650 10,508 13,238 14,832300 - 500 35,100 19,660 15,083 19,090 21,392500 - 750 10,744 5,985 4,568 5,823 6,526750 - 1,000 3,672 2,037 1,548 1,985 2,2251,000 - 1,500 2,550 1,409 1,067 1,375 1,5421,500 - 2,000 861 474 357 463 5192,000 - 3,000 591 324 244 317 3563,000 - 5,000 285 156 116 153 1715,000 - 7,500 83 45 34 44 507,500 - 10,000 27 15 11 15 16Above 10,000 31 16 12 16 18

Table 3.136: Rich Households Per Million by Size of TownState: Uttar Pradesh

Year: 2001-02Income Class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandOver 500 18,846 10,462 7,958 10,191 11,423Over 1,000 4,429 2,439 1,841 2,383 2,672Over 2,000 1,018 556 417 545 611Over 5,000 141 76 57 75 84Over 10,000 31 16 12 16 18


Table 3.137: Distribution of Households by Income and Size of TownState: Uttaranchal

Year: 2001-02Income Class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandBelow 90 57,568 151,442 209,00990 - 135 9,324 28,721 38,045135 - 200 21,888 73,094 94,982200 - 250 2,634 11,880 14,514250 - 300 1,427 6,456 7,884300 - 500 2,059 9,354 11,413500 - 750 628 2874 3,502750 - 1,000 214 985 1,1991,000 - 1,500 148 686 8341,500 - 2,000 50 232 2822,000 - 3,000 34 160 1943,000 - 5,000 16 77 945,000 - 7,500 5 23 277,500 - 10,000 2 7 9Above 10,000 2 8 10Total households 0 0 0 96,000 286,000 382,000

Table 3.138: Rich Households by Size of TownState: Uttaranchal

Year: 2001-02Income Class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandOver 500 1,100 5,053 6,152Over 1,000 257 1,194 1,451Over 2,000 59 276 335Over 5,000 8 39 47Over 10,000 2 8 10

Table 3.139: Households Per Million by Size of TownState: Uttaranchal

Year: 2001-02Income Class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandBelow 90 599,664 529,516 547,14590 - 135 97,128 100,423 99,595135 - 200 228,002 255,572 248,644200 - 250 27,439 41,539 37,996250 - 300 14,868 22,575 20,638300 - 500 21,445 32,707 29,877500 - 750 6,543 10,049 9,168750 - 1,000 2,231 3,444 3,1391,000 - 1,500 1,546 2,398 2,1841,500 - 2,000 521 812 7392,000 - 3,000 357 559 5083,000 - 5,000 172 271 2465,000 - 7,500 50 79 727,500 - 10,000 16 26 24Above 10,000 18 29 27

Table 3.140: Rich Households Per Million by Size of TownState: Uttaranchal

Year: 2001-02Income Class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandOver 500 11,454 17,667 16,106Over 1,000 2,679 4,174 3,799Over 2,000 613 965 876Over 5,000 84 135 122Over 10,000 18 29 27


Table 3.141: Distribution of Households by Income and Size of TownState: Chandigarh

Year: 2001-02Income Class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandBelow 90 21,500 21,50090 - 135 30,180 30,180135 - 200 42,924 42,924200 - 250 22,848 22,848250 - 300 13,970 13,970300 - 500 24,225 24,225500 - 750 9,764 9,764750 - 1,000 4,112 4,1121,000 - 1,500 3,470 3,4701,500 - 2,000 1,443 1,4432,000 - 3,000 1,205 1,2053,000 - 5,000 753 7535,000 - 7,500 289 2897,500 - 10,000 117 117Above 10,000 199 199Total households 0 0 0 177,000 0 177,000

Table 3.142: Rich Households by Size of TownState: Chandigarh

Year: 2001-02Income Class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandOver 500 21,352 21,352Over 1,000 7,476 7,476Over 2,000 2,563 2,563Over 5,000 605 605Over 10,000 199 199

Table 3.143: Households Per Million by Size of TownState: Chandigarh

Year: 2001-02Income Class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandBelow 90 121,472 121,47290 - 135 170,510 170,510135 - 200 242,508 242,508200 - 250 129,083 129,083250 - 300 78,929 78,929300 - 500 136,867 136,867500 - 750 55,162 55,162750 - 1,000 23,232 23,2321,000 - 1,500 19,604 19,6041,500 - 2,000 8,155 8,1552,000 - 3,000 6,807 6,8073,000 - 5,000 4,254 4,2545,000 - 7,500 1,630 1,6307,500 - 10,000 663 663Above 10,000 1,124 1,124

Table 3.144: Rich Households Per Million by Size of TownState: Chandigarh

Year: 2001-02Income Class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandOver 500 120,631 120,631Over 1,000 42,236 42,236Over 2,000 14,477 14,477Over 5,000 3,417 3,417Over 10,000 1,124 1,124


Table 3.145: Distribution of Households by Income and Size of TownState: Delhi

Year: 2001-02Income Class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandBelow 90 197,929 197,92990 - 135 382,766 382,766135 - 200 528,781 528,781200 - 250 352,363 352,363250 - 300 220,475 220,475300 - 500 396,282 396,282500 - 750 168,381 168,381750 - 1,000 73,818 73,8181,000 - 1,500 64,693 64,6931,500 - 2,000 28,012 28,0122,000 - 3,000 24,283 24,2833,000 - 5,000 15,958 15,9585,000 - 7,500 6,447 6,4477,500 - 10,000 2,728 2,728Above 10,000 5,085 5,085Total households 2,468,000 0 0 0 0 2,468,000

Table 3.146: Rich Households by Size of TownState: Delhi


Table 3.147: Households Per Million by Size of TownState: Delhi

Year: 2001-02Income Class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandBelow 90 80,198 80,19890 - 135 155,092 155,092135 - 200 214,255 214,255200 - 250 142,773 142,773250 - 300 89,333 89,333300 - 500 160,568 160,568500 - 750 68,226 68,226750 - 1,000 29,910 29,9101,000 - 1,500 26,213 26,2131,500 - 2,000 11,350 11,3502,000 - 3,000 9,839 9,8393,000 - 5,000 6,466 6,4665,000 - 7,500 2,612 2,6127,500 - 10,000 1,105 1,105Above 10,000 2,060 2,060

Table 3.148: Rich Households Per Million by Size of TownState: Delhi



Table 3.149: Distribution of Households by Income and Size of TownRegion: North

Year: 2001-02Income Class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandBelow 90 197,929 433,433 1,133,199 749,200 4,459,854 6,973,61690 - 135 382,766 131,398 310,679 168,321 749122 1,742,287135 - 200 528,781 227,112 607,896 358,123 1,758,306 3,480,217200 - 250 352,363 40,415 134,981 67,829 199,949 795,536250 - 300 220,475 21,928 77,699 39,219 112,996 472,317300 - 500 396,282 31,695 123,616 62,870 174,557 789,021500 - 750 168,381 9,702 44,327 22,834 59,751 304,995750 - 1,000 73,818 3,316 17,252 8,984 22,425 125,7941,000 - 1,500 64,693 2,303 13,618 7,169 17,105 104,8881,500 - 2,000 28,012 777 5,310 2,830 6,430 43,3602,000 - 3,000 24,283 534 4,195 2,264 4,913 36,1893,000 - 5,000 15,958 258 2,456 1,348 2,754 22,7745,000 - 7,500 6,447 75 885 495 950 8,8527,500 - 10,000 2,728 25 345 196 359 3,652Above 10,000 5,085 28 541 318 530 6,502Total households 2,468,000 903,000 2,477,000 1492,000 7,570,000 14,910,000

Table 3.150: Rich Households by Size of TownRegion: North

Year: 2001-02Income Class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandOver 500 389,405 17,017 88,930 46,438 115,215 657,006Over 1,000 147,206 4,000 27,350 14,621 33,040 226,216Over 2,000 54,500 919 8,423 4,621 9,505 77,969Over 5,000 14,259 127 1,772 1,009 1,838 19,005Over 10,000 5,085 28 541 318 530 6,502

Table 3.151: Households Per Million by Size of TownRegion: North

Year: 2001-02Income Class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandBelow 90 80,198 479,993 457,489 502,145 589,149 467,71490 - 135 155,092 145,513 125,426 112,816 98,959 116,854135 - 200 214,255 251,509 245,416 240,028 232,273 233,415200 - 250 142,773 44,756 54,494 45,462 26,413 53,356250 - 300 89,333 24,284 31,368 26,286 14,927 31,678300 - 500 160,568 35,100 49,906 42,138 23,059 52,919500 - 750 68,226 10,744 17,896 15,304 7,893 20,456750 - 1,000 29,910 3,672 6,965 6,021 2,962 8,4371,000 - 1,500 26,213 2,550 5,498 4,805 2,260 7,0351,500 - 2,000 11,350 861 2,144 1,897 849 2,9082,000 - 3,000 9,839 591 1,694 1,518 649 2,4273,000 - 5,000 6,466 285 992 904 364 1,5275,000 - 7,500 2,612 83 357 332 125 5947,500 - 10,000 1,105 27 139 131 47 245Above 10,000 2,060 31 219 213 70 436

Table 3.152: Rich Households Per Million by Size of TownRegion: North

Year: 2001-02Income Class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandOver 500 157,781 18,846 35,902 31,125 15,220 44,065Over 1,000 59,646 4,429 11,042 9,799 4,365 15,172Over 2,000 22,083 1,018 3,400 3,097 1,256 5,229Over 5,000 5,778 141 715 676 243 1,275Over 10,000 2,060 31 219 213 70 436


Table 3.153: Distribution of Households by Income and Size of TownState: Gujarat

Year: 2001-02Income Class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandBelow 90 515,654 174,429 87,321 703,504 1,480,90890 - 135 312,671 134,643 37,535 140,841 625,691135 - 200 551,202 161,655 69,987 355,233 1,138,077200 - 250 60,390 16,991 8,208 36,006 121,595250 - 300 36,657 10,327 4,991 21,865 73,841300 - 500 62,850 17,741 8,582 37,513 126,686500 - 750 24,910 7,052 3,415 14,882 50,259750 - 1,000 10,358 2,939 1,425 6,193 20,9161,000 - 1,500 8,637 2,456 1,191 5,167 17,4511,500 - 2,000 3,547 1,011 491 2,124 7,1732,000 - 3,000 2,925 836 406 1,753 5,9203,,000 - 5,000 1,799 515 251 1,079 3,6455,000 - 7,500 678 195 95 407 1,3757,500 - 10,000 272 78 38 163 552Above 10,000 449 130 63 270 912Total households 0 1,593,000 531,000 224,000 1,327,000 3,675,000

Table 3.154: Rich Households by Size of TownState: Gujarat

Year: 2001-02Income Class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandOver 500 53,576 15,213 7,376 32,038 108,202Over 1,000 18,308 5,221 2,536 10,963 37,027Over 2,000 6,124 1,754 853 3,672 12,403Over 5,000 1,399 403 197 840 2,839Over 10,000 449 130 63 270 912

Table 3.155: Households Per Million by Size of TownState: Gujarat

Year: 2001-02Income Class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandBelow 90 323,700 328,492 389,828 530,146 402,96890 - 135 196,278 253,565 167,566 106,135 170,256135 - 200 346,015 304,436 312,443 267,696 309,681200 - 250 37,909 31,999 36,642 27,134 33,087250 - 300 23,011 19,448 22,282 16,477 20,093300 - 500 39,454 33,411 38,311 28,269 34,472500 - 750 15,637 13,281 15,247 11,215 13,676750 - 1,000 6,502 5,535 6,361 4,667 5,6911,000 - 1,500 5,422 4,625 5,319 3,894 4,7491,500 - 2,000 2,227 1,904 2,192 1,600 1,9522,000 - 3,000 1,836 1,574 1,813 1,321 1,6113,000 - 5,000 1,130 971 1,119 813 9925,000 - 7,500 426 367 424 307 3747,500 - 10,000 171 148 171 123 150Above 10,000 282 245 283 203 248

Table 3.156: Rich Households Per Million by Size of TownState: Gujarat

Year: 2001-02Income Class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandOver 500 33,632 28,649 32,928 24,143 29,443Over 1,000 11,493 9,832 11,320 8,262 10,075Over 2,000 3,844 3,303 3,810 2,767 3,375Over 5,000 878 759 877 633 773Over 10,000 282 245 283 203 248


Table 3.157: Distribution of Households by Income and Size of TownState: Maharashtra

Year: 2001-02Income Class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandBelow 90 815,982 307,206 136,500 178,716 1,709,603 3,148,00790 - 135 610,901 291,598 33,740 42,926 242,581 1,221,746135 - 200 1,134,495 356,556 50,622 64,832 469,857 2,076,362200 - 250 227,332 71,842 5,919 7,257 46,700 359,050250 - 300 144,199 45,550 3,770 4,619 29,626 227,764300 - 500 264,792 83,587 6,969 8,529 54,412 418,288500 - 750 116,089 36,609 3,085 3,769 23,861 183,414750 - 1,000 52,117 16,423 1,395 1,702 10,714 82,3511,000 - 1,500 46,714 14,710 1,259 1,534 9,606 73,8231,500 - 2,000 20,713 6,518 562 685 4,260 32,7382,000 - 3,000 18,364 5,775 502 610 3,778 29,0293,000 - 5,000 12,434 3,906 343 416 2,558 19,6585,000 - 7,500 5,183 1,627 144 175 1,067 8,1957,500 - 10,000 2,246 704 63 76 462 3,551Above 10,000 4439 1,390 127 153 914 7,023Total households 3,476,000 1,244,000 245,000 316,000 2,610,001 7,891,000

Table 3.158: Rich Households by Size of TownState: Maharashtra

Year: 2001-02Income Class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandOver 500 278,299 87,661 7,481 9,121 57,221 439,783Over 1,000 110,093 34,629 3,001 3,650 22,645 174,018Over 2,000 42,666 13,401 1,180 1,431 8,779 67,457Over 5,000 11,867 3,720 334 404 2,443 18,770Over 10,000 4,439 1,390 127 153 914 7,023

Table 3.159: Households Per Million by Size of TownState: Maharashtra

Year: 2001-02Income Class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandBelow 90 234,748 246,950 557,143 565,555 655,020 398,93690 - 135 175,748 234,404 137,713 135,842 92,943 154,828135 - 200 326,380 286,621 206,619 205,165 180,022 263,130200 - 250 65,400 57,751 24,157 22,966 17893 45,501250 - 300 41,484 36,616 15,388 14,618 11,351 28,864300 - 500 76,177 67,192 28,444 26,989 20,847 53,008500 - 750 33,397 29,429 12,591 11,927 9,142 23,243750 - 1,000 14,993 13,202 5,694 5,387 4,105 10,4361,000 - 1,500 13,439 11,825 5,139 4,856 3,680 9,3551,500 - 2,000 5,959 5,239 2,296 2,166 1,632 4,1492,000 - 3,000 5,283 4,642 2,049 1,932 1,447 3,6793,000 - 5,000 3,577 3,140 1,400 1,318 980 2,4915,000 - 7,500 1,491 1,308 589 554 409 1,0397,500 - 10,000 646 566 257 241 177 450Above 10,000 1,277 1,117 518 484 350 890

Table 3.160: Rich Households Per Million by Size of TownState: Maharashtra

Year: 2001-02Income Class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandOver 500 80,063 70,467 30,535 28,864 21,924 55,732Over 1,000 31,672 27,837 12,250 11,551 8,676 22,053Over 2,000 12,274 10,773 4,815 4,529 3,364 8,549Over 5,000 3,414 2,991 1,365 1,279 936 2,379Over 10,000 1,277 1,117 518 484 350 890


Table 3.161: Distribution of Households by Income and Size of TownState: Rajasthan

Year: 2001-02Income Class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandBelow 90 167,178 153,515 841,150 1,161,84390 - 135 59,103 25,784 168,436 253,323135 - 200 135,026 68,,566 334,944 538,535200 - 250 15,010 5,786 40,865 61660250 - 300 8,480 3,260 23,067 34,807300 - 500 13,024 4,988 35,385 53,397500 - 750 4,375 1,666 11,866 17,907750 - 1,000 1,605 608 4,346 6,5601,000 - 1,500 1,190 449 3,219 4,8581,500 - 2,000 431 162 1,164 1,7582,000 - 3,000 316 118 853 1,2873,000 - 5,000 166 62 448 6775,000 - 7,500 53 20 143 2167,500 - 10,000 19 7 51 76Above 10,000 24 9 64 97Total households 0 406,000 0 265,000 1,466,000 2,137,000

Table 3.162: Rich Households by Size of TownState: Rajasthan

Year: 2001-02Income Class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandOver 500 8,180 3,101 22,154 33,435Over 1,000 2,200 827 5,942 8,968Over 2,000 579 216 1,559 2,353Over 5,000 96 35 258 389Over 10,000 24 9 64 97

Table 3.163: Households Per Million by Size of TownState: Rajasthan

Year: 2001-02Income Class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandBelow 90 411,768 579,303 573,772 543,68090 - 135 145,573 97,300 114,895 118,541135 - 200 332,576 258,739 228,474 252,005200 - 250 36,970 21,832 27,875 28,854250 - 300 20,886 12,302 15,735 16,288300 - 500 32,078 18,822 24,137 24,987500 - 750 10,777 6,286 8,094 8,380750 - 1,000 3,953 2,295 2,965 3,0701,000 - 1,500 2,931 1,695 2,195 2,2731,500 - 2,000 1,062 611 794 8222,000 - 3,000 779 446 582 6023,000 - 5,000 410 234 306 3175,000 - 7,500 131 74 97 1017,500 - 10,000 46 26 34 36Above 10,000 59 33 44 45

Table 3.164: Rich Households Per Million by Size of TownState: Rajasthan

Year: 2001-02Income Class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandOver 500 20,148 11,702 15,112 15,646Over 1,000 5,418 3,120 4,053 4,197Over 2,000 1,425 814 1,063 1,101Over 5,000 236 133 176 182Over 10,000 59 33 44 45


Table 3.165: Distribution of Households by Income and Size of TownState: Goa

Year: 2001-02Income Class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandBelow 90 15920 1592090 - 135 40142 40142135 - 200 33270 33270200 - 250 14945 14945250 - 300 8545 8545300 - 500 13366 13366500 - 750 4616 4616750 - 1,000 1729 17291,000 - 1,500 1308 13081,500 - 2,000 484 4842,000 - 3,000 362 3623,000 - 5,000 195 1955,000 - 7,500 64 647,500 - 10,000 23 23Above 10,000 31 31Total households 0 0 0 135000 0 135000

Table 3.166: Rich Households by Size of TownState: Goa


Table 3.167: Households Per Million by Size of TownState: Goa

Year: 2001-02Income Class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandBelow 90 117927 11792790 - 135 297345 297345135 - 200 246446 246446200 - 250 110705 110705250 - 300 63296 63296300 - 500 99004 99004500 - 750 34195 34195750 - 1,000 12809 128091,000 - 1,500 9685 96851,500 - 2,000 3583 35832,000 - 3,000 2680 26803,000 - 5,000 1448 14485,000 - 7,500 475 4757,500 - 10,000 172 172Above 10,000 228 228

Table 3.168: Rich Households Per Million by Size of TownState: Goa



Table 3.169: Distribution of Households by Income and Size of TownRegion: West

Year: 2001-02Income Class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandBelow 90 815,982 990,037 310,929 435,472 3,254,257 5,806,67990 - 135 610,901 663,373 168,383 146,387 551,858 2,140,901135 - 200 1,134,495 1,042,784 212,277 236,656 1,160,033 3,786,245200 - 250 227,332 147,242 22,910 36,196 123,571 557,250250 - 300 144,199 90,687 14,097 21,,416 74,558 344,957300 - 500 264,792 159,460 24,710 35,464 127,310 611,736500 - 750 116,089 65,894 10,137 13,466 50,609 256,197750 - 1,000 52,117 28,386 4,334 5,465 21,254 111,5561,000 - 1,500 46,714 24,537 3,715 4,483 17,991 97,4401,500 - 2,000 20,713 10,496 1,573 1,821 7,548 42,1522,000 - 3,000 18364 9,016 1,338 1,497 6,383 36,5983,000 - 5,000 12,434 5,872 859 925 4,086 24,1755,000 - 7,500 5,183 2,358 339 354 1,617 9,8507,500 - 10,000 2,246 995 141 145 676 4,203Above 10,000 4,439 1,862 257 256 1,249 8,063Total households 3,476,000 3,243,000 776,000 940,000 5,403,001 13,838,000

Table 3.170: Rich Households by Size of TownRegion: West

Year: 2001-02Income Class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandOver 500 278,299 149,417 22,694 28,410 111,413 590,233Over 1,000 110,093 55,136 8,222 9,479 39,550 222,481Over 2,000 42,666 20,104 2,934 3,175 14,010 82,889Over 5,000 11,867 5,215 737 754 3,541 22,116Over 10,000 4,439 1,862 257 256 1,249 8,063

Table 3.171: Households Per Million by Size of TownRegion: West

Year: 2001-02Income Class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandBelow 90 234,748 305,284 400,682 463,269 602,306 419,61890 - 135 175,748 204,555 216,988 155,731 102,139 154,712135 - 200 326,380 321,549 273,553 251,761 214,702 273,612200 - 250 65,400 45,403 29,523 38,506 22,871 40,270250 - 300 41,484 27,964 18,166 22,783 13,799 24,928300 - 500 76,177 49,171 31,843 37,727 23,563 44,207500 - 750 33,397 20,319 13,063 14,326 9,367 18,514750 - 1,000 14,993 8,753 5,586 5,813 3,934 8,0621,000 - 1,500 13,439 7,566 4,787 4,769 3,330 7,0411,500 - 2,000 5,959 3,237 2,028 1,937 1,397 3,0462,000 - 3,000 5,283 2,780 1,724 1,592 1,181 2,6453,000 - 5,000 3,577 1,811 1,106 984 756 1,7475,000 - 7,500 1,491 727 437 376 299 7127,500 - 10,000 646 307 182 154 125 304Above 10,000 1,277 574 331 272 231 583

Table 3.172: Rich Households Per Million by Size of TownRegion: West

Year: 2001-02Income Class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandOver 500 80,063 46,074 29,245 30,224 20,621 42,653Over 1,000 31,672 17,002 10,596 10,084 7,320 16,078Over 2,000 12,274 6,199 3,781 3,378 2,593 5,990Over 5,000 3,414 1,608 950 803 655 1598Over 10,000 1,277 574 331 272 231 583


Table 3.173: Distribution of Households by Income and Size of TownState: Andhra Pradesh

Year: 2001-02Income Class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandBelow 90 209838 152703 44595 1221266 162840390 - 135 276773 85378 27792 469399 859342135 - 200 321581 186385 29131 970686 1507783200 - 250 123898 21572 5874 116134 267479250 - 300 70427 12214 3318 65949 151907300 - 500 109184 18821 5094 102091 235190500 - 750 37206 6355 1710 34711 79983750 - 1,000 13795 2340 627 12848 296111,000 - 1,500 10332 1741 465 9607 221451,500 - 2,000 3784 633 168 3512 80982,000 - 3,000 2803 466 123 2598 59903,000 - 5,000 1495 247 65 1383 31905,000 - 7,500 484 79 21 447 10317,500 - 10,000 173 28 7 160 369Above 10,000 226 36 9 207 478Total households 1182000 0 489000 119000 3011000 4801000

Table 3.174: Rich Households by Size of TownState: Andhra Pradesh

Year: 2001-02Income Class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandOver 500 70299 11926 3196 65474 150895Over 1,000 19297 3231 859 17915 41301Over 2,000 5182 856 226 4795 11058Over 5,000 883 143 37 814 1878Over 10,000 226 36 9 207 478

Table 3.175: Households Per Million by Size of TownState: Andhra Pradesh

Year: 2001-02Income Class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandBelow 90 177528 312277 374750 405602 33918090 - 135 234156 174598 233544 155895 178992135 - 200 272065 381155 244801 322380 314056200 - 250 104821 44115 49364 38570 55713250 - 300 59583 24977 27880 21903 31641300 - 500 92372 38489 42804 33906 48988500 - 750 31477 12997 14372 11528 16660750 - 1,000 11671 4786 5269 4267 61681,000 - 1,500 8741 3561 3905 3191 46131,500 - 2,000 3201 1295 1414 1167 16872,000 - 3,000 2371 953 1037 863 12483,000 - 5,000 1265 504 545 459 6645,000 - 7,500 410 162 174 148 2157,500 - 10,000 147 58 62 53 77Above 10,000 191 74 78 69 100

Table 3.176: Rich Households Per Million by Size of TownState: Andhra Pradesh

Year: 2001-02Income Class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandOver 500 59474 24390 26856 21745 31430Over 1,000 16326 6607 7216 5950 8603Over 2,000 4384 1751 1896 1592 2303Over 5,000 747 293 314 270 391Over 10,000 191 74 78 69 100


Table 3.177: Distribution of Households by Income and Size of TownState: Karnataka

Year: 2001-02Income Class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandBelow 90 374,619 172,752 1,058,272 1,605,64390 - 135 207,264 52,891 203,897 464,052135 - 200 423,367 107,802 480,351 1,011,520200 - 250 66,956 13,717 38,032 118,706250 - 300 38,827 7,920 23,773 70,521300 - 500 61,885 12,541 42,531 116,957500 - 750 21,869 4,387 17,860 44,116750 - 1,000 8,295 1,652 7,723 17,6691,000 - 1,500 6,320 1,249 6,652 14,2211,500 - 2,000 2,348 461 2,817 5,6262,000 - 3,000 1,755 342 2,382 4,4793,000 - 5,000 942 182 1,505 2,6295,000 - 7,500 305 58 579 9437,500 - 10,000 109 21 235 364Above 10,000 137 26 391 554Total households 1,215,000 0 0 376,000 1,887,000 3,478,000

Table 3.178: Rich Households by Size of TownState: Karnataka

Year: 2001-02Income Class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandOver 500 42,080 8,378 40,144 90,602Over 1,000 11,916 2,339 14,562 28,817Over 2,000 3,249 628 5,092 8,969Over 5,000 551 105 1,206 1,861Over 10,000 137 26 391 554

Table 3.179: Households Per Million by Size of TownState: Karnataka

Year: 2001-02Income Class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandBelow 90 308,329 459,447 560,822 461,65790 - 135 170,588 140,667 108,053 133,425135 - 200 348,451 286,706 254,558 290,834200 - 250 55,108 36,483 20,155 34,131250 - 300 31,956 21,064 12,599 20,276300 - 500 50,934 33,353 22,539 33,628500 - 750 17,999 11,669 9,465 12,684750 - 1,000 6,827 4,393 4,093 5,0801,000 - 1,500 5,201 3,323 3,525 4,0891,500 - 2,000 1,932 1,225 1,493 1,6182,000 - 3,000 1,445 910 1,262 1,2883,000 - 5,000 776 484 797 7565,000 - 7,500 251 155 307 2717,500 - 10,000 89 55 125 105Above 10,000 113 68 207 159

Table 3.180: Rich Households Per Million by Size of TownState: Karnataka

Year: 2001-02Income Class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandOver 500 34,634 22,281 21,274 26,050Over 1,000 9,808 6,220 7,717 8,285Over 2,000 2,674 1,671 2,699 2,579Over 5,000 454 278 639 535Over 10,000 113 68 207 159


Table 3.181: Distribution of Households by Income and Size of TownState: Kerala

Year: 2001-02Income class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandBelow 90 118703 169296 428646 71664490 - 135 55179 70819 182323 308321135 - 200 92875 104718 286673 484267200 - 250 18300 18272 57035 93607250 - 300 10490 10475 32701 53667300 - 500 16474 16452 51367 84293500 - 750 5724 5718 17856 29298750 - 1,000 2154 2152 6721 110271,000 - 1,500 1636 1634 5105 83751,500 - 2,000 608 607 1898 31142,000 - 3,000 457 456 1426 23393,000 - 5,000 248 248 775 12715,000 - 7,500 82 82 256 4207,500 - 10,000 30 30 93 153Above 10,000 40 40 125 205Total households 0 0 323000 401000 1073000 1797000

Table 3.182: Rich Households by Size of TownState: Kerala

Year: 2001-02Income class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandOver 500 10978 10967 34256 56201Over 1,000 3100 3098 9679 15876Over 2,000 856 856 2675 4387Over 5,000 152 152 474 777Over 10,000 40 40 125 205

Table 3.183: Households Per Million by Size of TownState: Kerala

Year: 2001-02Income class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandBelow 90 367500 422184 399483 39880090 - 135 170834 176606 169919 171575135 - 200 287540 261143 267169 269486200 - 250 56656 45567 53155 52091250 - 300 32478 26123 30476 29865300 - 500 51003 41028 47872 46908500 - 750 17722 14259 16641 16304750 - 1,000 6669 5366 6264 61371,000 - 1,500 5064 4075 4758 46611,500 - 2,000 1882 1515 1769 17332,000 - 3,000 1414 1138 1329 13023,000 - 5,000 768 618 722 7075,000 - 7,500 254 204 239 2347,500 - 10,000 92 74 87 85Above 10,000 123 99 116 114

Table 3.184: Rich Households Per Million by Size of TownState: Kerala

Year: 2001-02Income class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandOver 500 33989 27350 31925 31275Over 1,000 9597 7725 9020 8835Over 2,000 2651 2134 2493 2442Over 5,000 469 378 442 432Over 10,000 123 99 116 114


Table 3.185: Distribution of Households by Income and Size of TownState: Tamil Nadu

Year: 2001-02Income class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandBelow 90 515,330 308,448 242,156 1,902,399 2,968,33490 - 135 210,517 76,653 70,041 499,003 856,213135 - 200 401,484 120,676 103,041 664,137 1,289,338200 - 250 109,013 31,816 22,284 36,423 199,536250 - 300 64,276 18,747 13,115 21,472 117,610300 - 500 105,372 30,702 21,439 35,194 192,706500 - 750 39,063 11,365 7,914 13,043 71,384750 - 1,000 15,441 4,487 3,118 5,154 28,2001,000 - 1,500 12,275 3,564 2,471 4,097 22,4071,500 - 2,000 4,792 1,390 962 1,599 8,7432,000 - 3,000 3,768 1,092 754 1,257 6,8713,000 - 5,000 2,176 630 434 726 3,9655,000 - 7,500 767 222 152 256 1,3967,500 - 10,000 293 85 58 98 532Above 10,000 433 125 85 144 786Total households 1,485,000 0 610,000 488,023 3,185,000 5,768,023

Table 3.186: Rich Households by Size of TownState: Tamil Nadu

Year: 2001-02Income class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandOver 500 79,008 22,959 15,947 26,372 144,286Over 1,000 24,504 7,107 4,916 8,175 44,702Over 2,000 7,437 2,153 1,483 2,480 13,552Over 5,000 1,492 431 295 497 2,715Over 10,000 433 125 85 144 786

Table 3.187: Households Per Million by Size of TownState: Tamil Nadu

Year: 2001-02Income class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandBelow 90 347,024 505,653 496,198 597,300 514,61990 - 135 141,762 125,660 143,520 156,673 148,441135 - 200 270,360 197,829 211,140 208,520 223,532200 - 250 73,409 52,157 45,663 11,436 34,593250 - 300 43,283 30,732 26,873 6,742 20,390300 - 500 70,958 50,331 43,930 11,050 33,409500 - 750 26,305 18,631 16,216 4,095 12,376750 - 1,000 10,398 7,356 6,389 1,618 4,8891,000 - 1,500 8,266 5,843 5,064 1,286 3,8851,500 - 2,000 3,227 2,279 1,971 502 1,5162,000 - 3,000 2,538 1,790 1,545 395 1,1913,000 - 5,000 1,465 1,032 889 228 6875,000 - 7,500 516 363 312 80 2427,500 - 10,000 197 139 119 31 92Above 10,000 291 204 174 45 136

Table 3.188: Rich Households Per Million by Size of TownState: Tamil Nadu

Year: 2001-02Income class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandOver 500 53,204 37,638 32,677 8,280 25,015Over 1,000 16,501 11,650 10,072 2,567 7,750Over 2,000 5,008 3,529 3,038 779 2,349Over 5,000 1,005 706 605 156 471Over 10,000 291 204 174 45 136


Table 3.189: Distribution of Households by Income and Size of TownState: Pondicherry

Year: 2001-02Income class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandBelow 90 68,472 68,47290 - 135 17,715 17,715135 - 200 36,118 36,118200 - 250 3,608 3,608250 - 300 2,034 2,034300 - 500 3,114 3,114500 - 750 1,041 1,041750 - 1,000 380 3801,000 - 1,500 281 2811,500 - 2,000 101 1012,000 - 3,000 74 743,000 - 5,000 39 395,000 - 7,500 12 127,500 - 10,000 4 4Above 10,000 6 6Total households 0 0 0 133,000 0 133,000

Table 3.190: Rich Households by Size of TownState: Pondicherry

Year: 2001-02Income class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandOver 500 1,939 1,939Over 1,000 518 518Over 2,000 135 135Over 5,000 22 22Over 10,000 6 6

Table 3.191: Households Per Million by Size of TownState: Pondicherry

Year: 2001-02Income class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandBelow 90 514,829 514,82990 - 135 133,194 133,194135 - 200 271,562 271,562200 - 250 27,127 27,127250 - 300 15,293 15,293300 - 500 23,413 23,413500 - 750 7,828 7,828750 - 1,000 2,861 2,8611,000 - 1,500 2,114 2,1141,500 - 2,000 763 7632,000 - 3,000 558 5583,000 - 5,000 292 2925,000 - 7,500 93 937,500 - 10,000 33 33Above 10,000 41 41

Table 3.192: Rich Households Per Million by Size of TownState: Pondicherry

Year: 2001-02Income class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandOver 500 14,582 14,582Over 1,000 3,894 3,894Over 2,000 1,017 1,017Over 5,000 167 167Over 10,000 41 41


Table 3.193: Distribution of Households by Income and Size of TownRegion: South

Year: 2001-02Income class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandBelow 90 1,099,788 579,854 697,271 4610,583 6987,49690 - 135 694,554 217,210 239,257 1354,622 2505,643135 - 200 1,146,433 399,936 380,810 2401,846 4329,025200 - 250 299,868 71,688 63,756 247,623 682,935250 - 300 173,530 41451 36,862 143,896 395,739300 - 500 276,442 65,997 58,639 231,182 632,260500 - 750 98,138 23,444 20,770 83,469 225,822750 - 1,000 37,531 8,982 7,929 32,446 86,8881,000 - 1,500 28,927 6,941 6,101 25,462 67,4301,500 - 2,000 10,924 2,631 2,300 9,827 25,6812,000 - 3,000 8,327 2,015 1,750 7,662 19,7543,000 - 5,000 4,614 1,124 967 4,389 11,0945,000 - 7,500 1,557 383 326 1,538 3,8037,500 - 10,000 575 142 120 585 1,422Above 10,000 795 201 165 867 2,029Total households 3,882,000 0 1,422,000 1,517,023 9,156,000 15,977,023

Table 3.194: Rich Households by Size of TownRegion: South

Year: 2001-02Income class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandOver 500 191,387 45,864 40,428 166,246 443,924Over 1,000 55,718 13,438 11,728 50,330 131,214Over 2,000 15,867 3,865 3,328 15,042 38,102Over 5,000 2,927 726 611 2,991 7,254Over 10,000 795 201 165 867 2,029

Table 3.195: Households Per Million by Size of TownRegion: South

Year: 2001-02Income class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandBelow 90 283,304 407,774 459,631 503,559 437,34790 - 135 178,916 152,750 157,715 147,949 156,828135 - 200 295,320 281,249 251,025 262,325 270,953200 - 250 77,246 50,414 42,027 27,045 42,745250 - 300 44,701 29,150 24,299 15,716 24,769300 - 500 71,211 46,411 38,654 25,249 39,573500 - 750 25,280 16,487 13,691 9,116 14,134750 - 1,000 9,668 6,316 5,227 3,544 5,4381,000 - 1,500 7,452 4,881 4,022 2,781 4,2201,500 - 2,000 2,814 1,850 1,516 1,073 1,6072,000 - 3,000 2,145 1,417 1,153 837 1,2363,000 - 5,000 1,188 791 638 479 6945,000 - 7,500 401 269 215 168 2387,500 - 10,000 148 100 79 64 89Above 10,000 205 141 109 95 127

Table 3.196: Rich Households Per Million by Size of TownRegion: South

Year: 2001-02Income class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandOver 500 49,301 32,253 26,649 18,157 27,785Over 1,000 14,353 9,450 7,731 5,497 8,213Over 2,000 4,087 2,718 2,194 1,643 2,385Over 5,000 754 511 403 327 454Over 10,000 205 141 109 95 127


Table 3.197: Distribution of Households by Income and Size of TownState: Assam

Year: 2001-02Income class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandBelow 90 62,622 240,909 303,53190 - 135 40,126 53,467 93,593135 - 200 60,576 180,227 240,803200 - 250 3,372 15,936 19,308250 - 300 1,959 9,251 11,210300 - 500 3,138 14,811 17,948500 - 750 1,124 5,298 6,422750 - 1,000 433 2,038 2,4711,000 - 1,500 336 1,580 1,9161,500 - 2,000 128 600 7282,000 - 3,000 98 460 5583,000 - 5,000 55 257 3125,000 - 7,500 19 87 1067,500 - 10,000 7 32 39Above 10,000 10 45 55Total households 0 0 0 174,000 525,000 699,000

Table 3.198: Rich Households by Size of TownState: Assam

Year: 2001-02Income class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandOver 500 2,207 10,399 12,607Over 1,000 651 3,063 3,714Over 2,000 188 883 1,071Over 5,000 35 165 201Over 10,000 10 45 55

Table 3.199: Households Per Million by Size of TownState: Assam

Year: 2001-02Income class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandBelow 90 359,897 458,874 434,23690 - 135 230,612 101,842 133,896135 - 200 348,138 343,290 344,497200 - 250 19,379 30,354 27,622250 - 300 11,256 17,622 16,037300 - 500 18,032 28,211 25,677500 - 750 6,458 10,092 9,187750 - 1,000 2,486 3,882 3,5351,000 - 1,500 1,929 3,009 2,7401,500 - 2,000 733 1144 1,0412,000 - 3,000 563 877 7993,000 - 5,000 315 490 4465,000 - 7,500 107 167 1527,500 - 10,000 40 62 56Above 10,000 56 87 79

Table 3.200: Rich Households Per Million by Size of TownState: Assam

Year: 2001-02Income class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandOver 500 12,686 19,808 18,035Over 1,000 3,742 5,834 5,313Over 2,000 1,080 1,681 1,532Over 5,000 203 315 287Over 10,000 56 87 79


Table 3.201: Distribution of Households by Income and Size of TownState: Bihar

Year: 2001-02Income class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandBelow 90 126,642 781,115 907,75790 - 135 26,464 62,492 88,956135 - 200 103,510 143,247 246,757200 - 250 3,038 12,949 15,987250 - 300 1,745 7,452 9,198300 - 500 2,751 11,772 14,523500 - 750 961 4,128 5,088750 - 1,000 363 1,564 1,9271,000 - 1,500 277 1,195 1,4721,500 - 2,000 103 447 5512,000 - 3,000 78 338 4163,000 - 5,000 43 185 2285,000 - 7,500 14 62 767,500 - 10,000 5 23 28Above 10,000 7 31 38Total households 0 0 266,000 0 1,027,000 1,293,000

Table 3.202: Rich Households by Size of TownState: Bihar

Year: 2001-02Income class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandOver 500 1,851 7,972 9,823Over 1,000 527 2,281 2,807Over 2,000 147 638 785Over 5,000 26 115 141Over 10,000 7 31 38

Table 3.203: Households Per Million by Size of TownState: Bihar

Year: 2001-02Income class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandBelow 90 476,096 760,580 702,05590 - 135 99,489 60,849 68,798135 - 200 389,135 139,481 190,840200 - 250 11,420 12,609 12,364250 - 300 6,562 7,256 7,113300 - 500 10,341 11,463 11,232500 - 750 3,612 4,019 3,935750 - 1,000 1,365 1,523 1,4901,000 - 1,500 1,040 1,164 1,1381,500 - 2,000 388 435 4262,000 - 3,000 293 329 3223,000 - 5,000 160 180 1765,000 - 7,500 53 60 597,500 - 10,000 19 22 21Above 10,000 26 30 29

Table 3.204: Rich Households Per Million by Size of TownState: Bihar

Year: 2001-02Income class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandOver 500 6,957 7,762 7,597Over 1,000 1,980 2,221 2,171Over 2,000 551 621 607Over 5,000 99 112 109Over 10,000 26 30 29


Table 3.205: Distribution of Households by Income and Size of TownState: Jharkhand

Year: 2001-02Income class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandBelow 90 222,891 89,880 405,941 718,71290 - 135 19,816 5,278 17,075 42,169135 - 200 143,800 58,501 31,010 233,311200 - 250 6,613 2,062 5,142 13,817250 - 300 3,805 1,182 2,962 7,949300 - 500 6,009 1,858 4,686 12,552500 - 750 2,106 646 1,646 4,398750 - 1,000 798 243 625 1,6651,000 - 1,500 609 185 478 1,2721,500 - 2,000 228 69 179 4762,000 - 3,000 172 52 136 3593,000 - 5,000 94 28 74 1975,000 - 7,500 31 9 25 667,500 - 10,000 11 3 9 24Above 10,000 16 5 12 33Total households 0 0 407,000 160,000 470,000 1,037,000

Table 3.206: Rich Households by Size of TownState: Jharkhand

Year: 2001-02Income class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandOver 500 4,066 1,239 3,185 8,490Over 1,000 1,162 350 914 2,426Over 2,000 325 97 257 678Over 5,000 58 17 46 122Over 10,000 16 5 12 33

Table 3.207: Households Per Million by Size of TownState: Jharkhand

Year: 2001-02Income class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandBelow 90 547,644 561,752 863,704 693,06990 - 135 48,688 32,985 36,331 40,665135 - 200 353,318 365,629 65,978 224,986200 - 250 16,248 12,889 10,940 13,324250 - 300 9,349 7,391 6,302 7,666300 - 500 14,764 11,610 9,969 12,104500 - 750 5,174 4,036 3,503 4,241750 - 1,000 1,960 1,519 1,329 1,6061,000 - 1,500 1,497 1,154 1,017 1,2271,500 - 2,000 560 429 381 4592,000 - 3,000 423 322 289 3473,000 - 5,000 232 175 158 1905,000 - 7,500 77 58 53 637,500 - 10,000 28 21 19 23Above 10,000 38 28 26 31

Table 3.208: Rich Households Per Million by Size of TownState: Jharkhand

Year: 2001-02Income class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandOver 500 9,990 7,744 6,776 8,187Over 1,000 2,856 2,188 1,944 2,340Over 2,000 799 605 546 654Over 5,000 144 107 99 118Over 10,000 38 28 26 31


Table 3.209: Distribution of Households by Income and Size of TownState: Meghalaya

Year: 2001-02Income class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandBelow 90 42,337 42,33790 - 135 12,368 12,368135 - 200 24,208 24,208200 - 250 3,420 3,420250 - 300 1,923 1,923300 - 500 2,934 2,934500 - 750 976 976750 - 1,000 355 3551,000 - 1,500 261 2611,500 - 2,000 94 942,000 - 3,000 68 683,000 - 5,000 36 365,000 - 7,500 11 117,500 - 10,000 4 4Above 10,000 5 5Total households 0 0 0 0 89,000 89,000

Table 3.210: Rich Households by Size of TownState: Meghalaya

Year: 2001-02Income class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandOver 500 1,811 1,811Over 1,000 480 480Over 2,000 124 124Over 5,000 20 20Over 10,000 5 5

Table 3.211: Households Per Million by Size of TownState: Meghalaya

Year: 2001-02Income class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandBelow 90 475,692 475,69290 - 135 138,964 138,964135 - 200 271,996 271,996200 - 250 38,425 38,425250 - 300 21,611 21,611300 - 500 32,969 32,969500 - 750 10,963 10,963750 - 1,000 3,990 3,9901,000 - 1,500 2,937 2,9371,500 - 2,000 1,056 1,0562,000 - 3,000 769 7693,000 - 5,000 401 4015,000 - 7,500 127 1277,500 - 10,000 45 45Above 10,000 56 56

Table 3.212: Rich Households Per Million by Size of TownState: Meghalaya

Year: 2001-02Income class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandOver 500 20,343 20,343Over 1,000 5,390 5,390Over 2,000 1,397 1,397Over 5,000 227 227Over 10,000 56 56


Table 3.213: Distribution of Households by Income and Size of TownState: Orissa

Year: 2001-02Income class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandBelow 90 162,751 531,781 694,53290 - 135 19,969 71,884 91,853135 - 200 65,249 162,243 227,493200 - 250 3,611 12,446 16,057250 - 300 2,064 7,121 9,186300 - 500 3,228 11,151 14,379500 - 750 1,115 3,858 4,972750 - 1,000 417 1,447 1,8641,000 - 1,500 316 1,095 1,4111,500 - 2,000 117 406 5222,000 - 3,000 87 304 3913,000 - 5,000 47 164 2115,000 - 7,500 15 54 707,500 - 10,000 6 20 25Above 10,000 7 26 33Total households 0 0 0 259,000 804,000 1,063,000

Table 3.214: Rich Households by Size of TownState: Orissa

Year: 2001-02Income class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandOver 500 2,127 7,373 9,500Over 1,000 595 2,069 2,664Over 2,000 163 568 731Over 5,000 28 100 128Over 10,000 7 26 33

Table 3.215: Households Per Million by Size of TownState: Orissa

Year: 2001-02Income class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandBelow 90 628,383 661,419 653,37090 - 135 77,100 89,408 86,409135 - 200 251,928 201,795 214,010200 - 250 13,942 15,481 15,106250 - 300 7,970 8,857 8,641300 - 500 12,464 13,869 13,527500 - 750 4,303 4,798 4,677750 - 1,000 1,612 1,800 1,7541,000 - 1,500 1,218 1,362 1,3271,500 - 2,000 451 505 4912,000 - 3,000 337 378 3683,000 - 5,000 182 204 1995,000 - 7,500 60 67 657,500 - 10,000 22 24 24Above 10,000 29 32 31

Table 3.216: Rich Households Per Million by Size of TownState: Orissa

Year: 2001-02Income class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandOver 500 8,212 9,170 8,937Over 1,000 2,298 2,573 2,506Over 2,000 629 706 687Over 5,000 110 124 121Over 10,000 29 32 31


Table 3.217: Distribution of Households by Income and Size of TownState: West Bengal

Year: 2001-02Income class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandBelow 90 1,012,656 99,037 1,085,723 2,197,41790 - 135 500,468 29,209 57,927 587,604135 - 200 1,036,941 84,757 272,013 1393,712200 - 250 107,413 6,862 5,451 119,726250 - 300 63,946 4,081 3,246 71,273300 - 500 106,396 6,779 5,405 118580500 - 750 40,327 2,563 2,051 44,941750 - 1,000 16,211 1,028 825 18,0641,000 - 1,500 13,093 829 667 14,5891,500 - 2,000 5,198 329 265 5,7922,000 - 3,000 4,153 262 212 4,6273,000 - 5,000 2,449 154 125 2,7285,000 - 7,500 882 55 45 9837,500 - 10,000 342 21 18 381Above 10,000 525 33 27 584Total households 2,911,001 0 236,000 0 1,434,000 4,581,000

Table 3.218: Rich Households by Size of TownState: West Bengal

Year: 2001-02Income class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandOver 500 83,180 5,275 4,234 92,689Over 1,000 26,642 1,683 1,358 29,683Over 2,000 8,351 526 426 9,303Over 5,000 1,749 110 89 1,948Over 10,000 525 33 27 584

Table 3.219: Households Per Million by Size of TownState: West Bengal

Year: 2001-02Income class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandBelow 90 347,872 419,650 757,129 479,68190 - 135 171,923 123,769 40,395 128,270135 - 200 356,215 359,140 189,689 304,237200 - 250 36,899 29,077 3,801 26,135250 - 300 21,967 17,292 2,264 15,558300 - 500 36,550 28,723 3,769 25,885500 - 750 13,853 10,860 1,430 9,810750 - 1,000 5,569 4,357 575 3,9431,000 - 1,500 4,498 3,513 465 3,1851,500 - 2,000 1,786 1,392 185 1,2642,000 - 3,000 1,427 1,110 148 1,0103,000 - 5,000 841 653 87 5955,000 - 7,500 303 235 31 2157,500 - 10,000 118 91 12 83Above 10,000 180 139 19 128

Table 3.220: Rich Households Per Million by Size of TownState: West Bengal

Year: 2001-02Income class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandOver 500 28,574 22,350 2,953 20,233Over 1,000 9,152 7,133 947 6,480Over 2,000 2,869 2,228 297 2,031Over 5,000 601 464 62 425Over 10,000 180 139 19 128


Table 3.221: Distribution of Households by Income and Size of TownRegion: East

Year: 2001-02Income class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandBelow 90 1,012,656 448,570 315,253 3,087,806 4,864,28690 - 135 500,468 75,490 65,373 275,213 916,544135 - 200 1,036,941 332,067 184,326 812,948 2,366,282200 - 250 107,413 16,513 9,045 55,344 188,315250 - 300 63,946 9,631 5,205 31,957 110,739300 - 500 106,396 15,538 8,223 50,759 180,917500 - 750 40,327 5,630 2,884 17,956 66,797750 - 1,000 16,211 2,189 1,093 6,854 26,3471,000 - 1,500 13,093 1,715 836 5,277 20,9201,500 - 2,000 5,198 660 313 1,991 8,1622,000 - 3,000 4,153 512 237 1,518 6,4203,000 - 5,000 2,449 291 130 842 3,7125,000 - 7,500 882 101 43 284 1,3117,500 - 10,000 342 38 16 105 502Above 10,000 525 55 22 146 748Total households 2,911,001 0 909,000 593,000 4,349,000 8,762,001

Table 3.222: Rich Households by Size of TownRegion: East

Year: 2001-02Income class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandOver 500 83,180 11,191 5,573 34,974 134,918Over 1,000 26,642 3,372 1,596 10,164 41,774Over 2,000 8,351 997 448 2896 12,692Over 5,000 1,749 194 81 536 2,561Over 10,000 525 55 22 146 748

Table 3.223: Households Per Million by Size of TownRegion: East

Year: 2001-02Income class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandBelow 90 347,872 493,476 531,625 710,004 555,15790 - 135 171,923 83,047 110,241 63,282 104,604135 - 200 356,215 365,310 310,837 186,928 270,062200 - 250 36,899 18,166 15,254 12,726 21,492250 - 300 21,967 10,595 8778 7,348 12,639300 - 500 36,550 17,094 13,867 11,671 20,648500 - 750 13,853 6,193 4863 4,129 7,623750 - 1,000 5,569 2,408 1,843 1,576 3,0071,000 - 1,500 4,498 1,887 1,409 1,213 2,3881,500 - 2,000 1,786 726 528 458 9322,000 - 3,000 1,427 563 399 349 7333,000 - 5,000 841 320 219 194 4245,000 - 7,500 303 111 73 65 1507,500 - 10,000 118 42 27 24 57Above 10,000 180 61 36 34 85

Table 3.224: Rich Households Per Million by Size of TownRegion: East

Year: 2001-02Income class Over 5 2 - 5 1 - 2 500 - 1,000 Below 500 Total(Rs '000) million million million thousand thousandOver 500 28,574 12,311 9,399 8,042 15,398Over 1,000 9,152 3,710 2,692 2,337 4,768Over 2,000 2,869 1,097 755 666 1,449Over 5,000 601 214 136 123 292Over 10,000 180 61 36 34 85


Table 4.1: Cities Ranked by Total Households ('000)Year: 2001-02

Rank Cities Total households Percentage67 Dehra Dun 96 0.3666 Belgaum 103 0.3865 Bhavnagar 106 0.3964 Gorakhpur 108 0.4063 Mangalore 110 0.4162 Moradabad 112 0.4261 Aligarh 117 0.4460 Jamnagar 118 0.4459 Kota 119 0.4458 Warangal 119 0.4457 Cuttack 120 0.4556 Tiruppur 125 0.4755 Bareilly 127 0.4754 Bhiwandi 128 0.4853 Jalandhar 131 0.4952 Pondicherry 133 0.4951 Goa 135 0.5050 Bhubaneshwar 139 0.5249 Raipur 142 0.5348 Jodhpur 146 0.5447 Gwalior 155 0.5846 Ranchi 160 0.6045 Mysore 163 0.6144 Salem 171 0.6443 Guwahati 174 0.6542 Chandigarh 177 0.6641 Ghaziabad 179 0.6740 Allahabad 186 0.6939 Durgbhilai Nagar 187 0.7038 Aurangabad 188 0.7037 Faridabad 191 0.7136 Amritsar 192 0.7135 Tiruchirapalli 192 0.7134 Kozhikode 196 0.7333 Dhanbad 198 0.7432 Jabalpur 200 0.7431 Thiruvananthapuram 205 0.7630 Jamshedpur 209 0.7829 Meerut 210 0.7828 Vijaywada 210 0.7827 Rajkot 214 0.8026 Varanasi 216 0.8025 Asansole 236 0.8824 Agra 241 0.9023 Nasik 245 0.9122 Patna 266 0.9921 Bhopal 269 1.0020 Madurai 273 1.0219 Vishakhapatnam 279 1.0418 Ludhiana 283 1.0517 Indore 310 1.1516 Vadodara 317 1.1815 Kochi 323 1.2014 Coimbatore 337 1.2513 Jaipur 406 1.5112 Lucknow 414 1.5411 Nagpur 443 1.6510 Kanpur 489 1.829 Surat 620 2.318 Pune 801 2.987 Ahmedabad 973 3.626 Hyderabad 1,182 4.405 Bangalore 1,215 4.524 Chennai 1,485 5.533 Delhi 2,468 9.192 Kolkata 2,911 10.831 Mumbai 3,476 12.94

Total 26,869 100


Table 4.2: Cities Ranked by Households EarningBelow Rs 90,000 per annum All cities Year: 2001-02

Rank Cities Total households Percentage67 Goa 15,920 0.1766 Chandigarh 21,500 0.2365 Jalandhar 27,232 0.3064 Faridabad 29,316 0.3263 Ludhiana 35,743 0.3962 Amritsar 39,328 0.4361 Bhavnagar 42,288 0.4660 Warangal 44,595 0.4959 Jamnagar 45,034 0.4958 Belgaum 48,191 0.5357 Mangalore 50,998 0.5656 Dehra Dun 57,568 0.6355 Guwahati 62,622 0.6854 Tiruppur 65,304 0.7153 Pondicherry 68,472 0.7552 Kota 69,719 0.7651 Gorakhpur 69,969 0.7650 Moradabad 72,339 0.7949 Mysore 73,563 0.8048 Bhiwandi 73,789 0.8147 Aligarh 74,703 0.8246 Cuttack 75,595 0.8245 Vijaywada 75,650 0.8344 Vishakhapatnam 77,054 0.8443 Rajkot 79,141 0.8642 Bareilly 80,390 0.8841 Kozhikode 82,856 0.9040 Jodhpur 83,796 0.9139 Salem 84,837 0.9338 Thiruvananthapuram 86,440 0.9437 Bhubaneshwar 87,156 0.9536 Raipur 87,159 0.9535 Gwalior 89,374 0.9834 Ranchi 89,880 0.9833 Varanasi 91,406 1.0032 Tiruchirapalli 92,015 1.0031 Vadodara 95,288 1.0430 Asansole 99,037 1.0829 Aurangabad 104,927 1.1428 Dhanbad 107,311 1.1727 Ghaziabad 113,050 1.2326 Durgbhilai Nagar 114,135 1.2525 Jabalpur 114,490 1.2524 Jamshedpur 115,580 1.2623 Allahabad 116,993 1.2822 Kochi 118,703 1.3021 Coimbatore 124,940 1.3620 Patna 126,642 1.3819 Meerut 131,595 1.4418 Nasik 136,500 1.4917 Bhopal 142,793 1.5616 Agra 149,989 1.6415 Pune 151,127 1.6514 Nagpur 156,078 1.7013 Jaipur 167,178 1.8212 Indore 168,497 1.8411 Madurai 183,508 2.0010 Lucknow 185,109 2.029 Delhi 197,929 2.168 Surat 208,107 2.277 Hyderabad 209,838 2.296 Kanpur 248,325 2.715 Ahmedabad 307,547 3.364 Bangalore 374,619 4.093 Chennai 515,330 5.622 Mumbai 815,982 8.901 Kolkata 1,012,656 11.05

Total 9,164,746 100.00


Table 4.3: Cities Ranked by Per Million Households Earning below Rs 90,000 per annum All cities Year: 2001-02

Rank State Per million households Index All India=10067 Delhi 80,198 23.5166 Goa 117,927 34.5765 Chandigarh 121,472 35.6164 Ludhiana 126,301 37.0363 Faridabad 153,488 45.0062 Hyderabad 177,528 52.0561 Pune 188,673 55.3160 Amritsar 204,833 60.0559 Jalandhar 207,880 60.9558 Mumbai 234,748 68.8257 Vishakhapatnam 276,178 80.9756 Vadodara 300,593 88.1355 Bangalore 308,329 90.4054 Ahmedabad 316,081 92.6753 Surat 335,656 98.4152 Chennai 347,024 101.7451 Kolkata 347,872 101.9950 Nagpur 352,321 103.2949 Guwahati 359,897 105.5148 Vijaywada 360,237 105.6147 Kochi 367,500 107.7446 Rajkot 369,820 108.4245 Coimbatore 370,742 108.6944 Warangal 374,750 109.8743 Jamnagar 381,642 111.8942 Bhavnagar 398,940 116.9641 Jaipur 411,768 120.7240 Asansole 419,650 123.0339 Thiruvananthapuram 421,658 123.6238 Kozhikode 422,733 123.9437 Varanasi 423,175 124.0736 Lucknow 447,123 131.0935 Mysore 451,308 132.3134 Mangalore 463,618 135.9233 Belgaum 467,872 137.1732 Patna 476,096 139.5831 Tiruchirapalli 479,247 140.5030 Salem 496,053 145.4329 Kanpur 507,822 148.8828 Pondicherry 514,829 150.9427 Tiruppur 522,432 153.1726 Bhopal 530,830 155.6325 Dhanbad 541,974 158.8924 Indore 543,537 159.3523 Jamshedpur 553,015 162.1322 Nasik 557,143 163.3421 Aurangabad 558,122 163.6320 Ranchi 561,752 164.6919 Jabalpur 572,448 167.8318 Jodhpur 573,947 168.2717 Bhiwandi 576,474 169.0116 Gwalior 576,603 169.0515 Kota 585,874 171.7714 Dehra Dun 599,664 175.8113 Durgbhilai Nagar 610,350 178.9412 Raipur 613,799 179.9511 Agra 622,363 182.4610 Meerut 626,642 183.729 Bhubaneshwar 627,022 183.838 Allahabad 628,994 184.417 Cuttack 629,959 184.696 Ghaziabad 631,563 185.165 Bareilly 632,988 185.584 Aligarh 638,489 187.193 Moradabad 645,887 189.362 Gorakhpur 647,858 189.941 Madurai 672,191 197.07

All India 341,090 100.00


Table 4.4: Cities Ranked by Households EarningRs 90,000 to Rs 200,000 per annum All cities Year: 2001-02

Rank State Households Percentage67 Dehra Dun 31,212 0.2666 Gorakhpur 32,554 0.2765 Moradabad 33,907 0.2864 Aligarh 35,995 0.3063 Cuttack 39,291 0.3262 Bareilly 39,548 0.3361 Tiruppur 41,882 0.3460 Kota 41,937 0.3559 Bhiwandi 43,176 0.3658 Belgaum 44,024 0.3657 Bhubaneshwar 45,928 0.3856 Raipur 45,937 0.3855 Mangalore 46,651 0.3854 Bhavnagar 49,516 0.4153 Jodhpur 52,413 0.4352 Pondicherry 53,833 0.4451 Gwalior 54,358 0.4550 Jalandhar 55,640 0.4649 Ghaziabad 55,923 0.4648 Warangal 56,923 0.4747 Jamnagar 58,006 0.4846 Allahabad 58,396 0.4845 Salem 59,040 0.4944 Durgbhilai Nagar 60,825 0.5043 Ranchi 63,778 0.5342 Aurangabad 64,582 0.5341 Meerut 66,286 0.5540 Madurai 69,788 0.5739 Mysore 70,017 0.5838 Jabalpur 70,585 0.5837 Tiruchirapalli 72,160 0.5936 Chandigarh 73,104 0.6035 Goa 73,412 0.6034 Agra 76,738 0.6333 Amritsar 81,061 0.6732 Dhanbad 81,099 0.6731 Faridabad 81,520 0.6730 Jamshedpur 82,518 0.6829 Nasik 84,361 0.6928 Kozhikode 85,791 0.7127 Thiruvananthapuram 89,746 0.7426 Varanasi 100,427 0.8325 Bhopal 100,549 0.8324 Guwahati 100,702 0.8323 Vijaywada 103,863 0.8622 Rajkot 105,123 0.8721 Indore 105,636 0.8720 Asansole 113,966 0.9419 Ludhiana 121,454 1.0018 Coimbatore 127,541 1.0517 Patna 129,974 1.0716 Kochi 148,055 1.2215 Vishakhapatnam 167,900 1.3814 Kanpur 178,433 1.4713 Lucknow 180,078 1.4812 Vadodara 191,176 1.5711 Jaipur 194,129 1.6010 Nagpur 201,008 1.669 Surat 343,686 2.838 Pune 447,146 3.687 Ahmedabad 520,188 4.286 Hyderabad 598,354 4.935 Chennai 612,001 5.044 Bangalore 630,632 5.193 Delhi 911,547 7.512 Kolkata 1,537,409 12.661 Mumbai 1,745,396 14.38

Total 12,139,832 100.00


Table 4.5: Cities Ranked by Per Million Households Earning Rs 90,000 to Rs 200,000 per annum All cities Year: 2001-02

Rank State Per million households Index All India=10067 Madurai 255,632 56.5866 Gorakhpur 301,428 66.7165 Moradabad 302,744 67.0164 Aligarh 307,647 68.0963 Bareilly 311,403 68.9262 Ghaziabad 312,419 69.1561 Allahabad 313,956 69.4960 Meerut 315,648 69.8659 Agra 318,413 70.4758 Raipur 323,499 71.6057 Dehra Dun 325,130 71.9656 Durgbhilai Nagar 325,266 71.9955 Cuttack 327,423 72.4754 Bhubaneshwar 330,414 73.1353 Tiruppur 335,054 74.1652 Bhiwandi 337,311 74.6651 Indore 340,761 75.4250 Aurangabad 343,523 76.0349 Nasik 344,332 76.2148 Salem 345,217 76.4147 Gwalior 350,697 77.6246 Kota 352,411 78.0045 Jabalpur 352,927 78.1144 Jodhpur 358,996 79.4643 Kanpur 364,893 80.7642 Delhi 369,346 81.7541 Bhopal 373,790 82.7340 Tiruchirapalli 375,834 83.1839 Coimbatore 378,460 83.7638 Jamshedpur 394,821 87.3937 Ranchi 398,615 88.2336 Pondicherry 404,756 89.5835 Dhanbad 409,591 90.6534 Chennai 412,122 91.2133 Chandigarh 413,018 91.4132 Amritsar 422,190 93.4431 Mangalore 424,101 93.8730 Jalandhar 424,729 94.0129 Faridabad 426,807 94.4628 Belgaum 427,420 94.6027 Ludhiana 429,165 94.9926 Mysore 429,551 95.0725 Lucknow 434,971 96.2724 Kozhikode 437,709 96.8823 Thiruvananthapuram 437,787 96.9022 Nagpur 453,743 100.4321 Kochi 458,374 101.4520 Varanasi 464,941 102.9119 Bhavnagar 467,131 103.3918 Jaipur 478,149 105.8317 Warangal 478,345 105.8716 Asansole 482,909 106.8815 Patna 488,624 108.1514 Rajkot 491,227 108.7213 Jamnagar 491,579 108.8012 Vijaywada 494,587 109.4711 Mumbai 502,128 111.1410 Hyderabad 506,221 112.049 Bangalore 519,038 114.888 Kolkata 528,138 116.897 Ahmedabad 534,623 118.336 Goa 543,791 120.365 Surat 554,332 122.694 Pune 558,235 123.553 Guwahati 578,749 128.092 Vishakhapatnam 601,791 133.191 Vadodara 603,079 133.48

All India 451,815 100.00


Table 4.6: Cities Ranked by Households EarningRs 200,000 to Rs 500,000 per annum All cities Year: 2001-02

Rank State Households Percentage67 Cuttack 4,128 0.1066 Gorakhpur 4,655 0.1165 Bhubaneshwar 4,776 0.1164 Moradabad 4,902 0.1263 Ranchi 5,102 0.1262 Aligarh 5,353 0.1361 Bareilly 5,993 0.1460 Kota 6,015 0.1459 Dehra Dun 6,120 0.1558 Patna 7,534 0.1857 Raipur 7,634 0.1856 Bhiwandi 7,641 0.1855 Dhanbad 7,690 0.1854 Jodhpur 8,018 0.1953 Guwahati 8,468 0.2052 Ghaziabad 8,522 0.2051 Belgaum 8,664 0.2150 Jamshedpur 8,736 0.2149 Pondicherry 8,756 0.2148 Allahabad 9,005 0.2247 Gwalior 9,657 0.2346 Mangalore 9,917 0.2445 Meerut 10,311 0.2544 Durgbhilai Nagar 10,315 0.2543 Bhavnagar 10,610 0.2542 Jamnagar 11,171 0.2741 Agra 12,117 0.2940 Aurangabad 12,764 0.3139 Jabalpur 12,802 0.3138 Tiruppur 13,938 0.3337 Warangal 14,286 0.3436 Madurai 15,487 0.3735 Mysore 15,597 0.3734 Nasik 16,657 0.4033 Asansole 17,722 0.4232 Varanasi 20,446 0.4931 Salem 21,188 0.5130 Tiruchirapalli 21,713 0.5229 Bhopal 21,977 0.5328 Kozhikode 22,013 0.5327 Rajkot 22,171 0.5326 Vadodara 22,889 0.5525 Thiruvananthapuram 23,186 0.5624 Vijaywada 24,807 0.5923 Vishakhapatnam 27,800 0.6722 Indore 30,775 0.7421 Jalandhar 36,186 0.8720 Jaipur 36,513 0.8819 Goa 36,856 0.8818 Lucknow 41,392 0.9917 Kochi 45,264 1.0916 Surat 51,022 1.2215 Kanpur 52,647 1.2614 Amritsar 53,823 1.2913 Nagpur 59,663 1.4312 Chandigarh 61,044 1.4611 Faridabad 62,371 1.5010 Coimbatore 65,778 1.589 Ludhiana 94,146 2.268 Ahmedabad 108,875 2.617 Pune 141,316 3.396 Bangalore 167,669 4.025 Kolkata 277,755 6.664 Chennai 278,661 6.683 Hyderabad 303,509 7.282 Mumbai 636,322 15.261 Delhi 969,120 23.24

Total 4,169,958 100.00


Table 4.7: Cities Ranked by Per Million Households Earning Rs 200,000 to Rs 500,000 per annum All cities Year: 2001-02

Rank State Per million households Index All India=10067 Patna 28,323 18.2566 Ranchi 31,890 20.5565 Bhubaneshwar 34,359 22.1464 Cuttack 34,397 22.1663 Dhanbad 38,840 25.0362 Jamshedpur 41,801 26.9361 Gorakhpur 43,104 27.7760 Moradabad 43,768 28.2059 Aligarh 45,750 29.4858 Bareilly 47,186 30.4057 Ghaziabad 47,609 30.6856 Allahabad 48,413 31.1955 Guwahati 48,667 31.3654 Meerut 49,102 31.6453 Agra 50,280 32.4052 Kota 50,546 32.5751 Raipur 53,760 34.6450 Jodhpur 54,921 35.3949 Durgbhilai Nagar 55,160 35.5448 Madurai 56,727 36.5547 Bhiwandi 59,698 38.4746 Gwalior 62,302 40.1445 Dehra Dun 63,752 41.0844 Jabalpur 64,008 41.2443 Pondicherry 65,833 42.4242 Aurangabad 67,893 43.7541 Nasik 67,990 43.8140 Vadodara 72,205 46.5339 Asansole 75,091 48.3838 Bhopal 81,699 52.6437 Surat 82,293 53.0336 Belgaum 84,118 54.2035 Jaipur 89,934 57.9534 Mangalore 90,155 58.0933 Varanasi 94,657 60.9932 Jamnagar 94,668 61.0031 Kolkata 95,416 61.4830 Mysore 95,687 61.6629 Indore 99,275 63.9728 Vishakhapatnam 99,641 64.2027 Lucknow 99,980 64.4226 Bhavnagar 100,092 64.4925 Rajkot 103,601 66.7624 Kanpur 107,662 69.3723 Tiruppur 111,500 71.8422 Ahmedabad 111,897 72.1021 Kozhikode 112,313 72.3720 Tiruchirapalli 113,088 72.8719 Thiruvananthapuram 113,105 72.8818 Vijaywada 118,130 76.1217 Warangal 120,049 77.3516 Salem 123,887 79.8315 Nagpur 134,680 86.7814 Bangalore 137,999 88.9213 Kochi 140,137 90.3012 Pune 176,424 113.6811 Mumbai 183,062 117.9610 Chennai 187,650 120.919 Coimbatore 195,186 125.778 Hyderabad 256,776 165.457 Goa 273,005 175.916 Jalandhar 276,225 177.995 Amritsar 280,330 180.634 Faridabad 326,548 210.413 Ludhiana 332,672 214.362 Chandigarh 344,880 222.221 Delhi 392,674 253.02

All India 155,196 100.00


Table 4.8: Cities Ranked by Households EarningRs 500,000 to Rs 1,000,000 per annum All cities Year: 2001-02

Rank State Households Percentage67 Gorakhpur 632 0.0766 Moradabad 657 0.0765 Cuttack 710 0.0864 Aligarh 729 0.0863 Bareilly 821 0.0962 Bhubaneshwar 821 0.0961 Dehra Dun 842 0.0960 Ranchi 889 0.1059 Kota 975 0.1158 Raipur 987 0.1157 Ghaziabad 1,157 0.1356 Allahabad 1,232 0.1455 Gwalior 1,252 0.1454 Jodhpur 1,299 0.1453 Patna 1,324 0.1552 Durgbhilai Nagar 1,340 0.1551 Dhanbad 1,357 0.1550 Meerut 1,391 0.1549 Pondicherry 1,422 0.1648 Belgaum 1,529 0.1747 Jamshedpur 1,546 0.1746 Guwahati 1,556 0.1745 Jabalpur 1,652 0.1844 Agra 1,655 0.1843 Mangalore 1,754 0.1942 Bhiwandi 2,040 0.2341 Warangal 2,337 0.2640 Bhavnagar 2,355 0.2639 Jamnagar 2,485 0.2738 Tiruppur 2,688 0.3037 Mysore 2,756 0.3036 Varanasi 2,843 0.3135 Bhopal 2,858 0.3234 Madurai 2,940 0.3233 Aurangabad 3,431 0.3832 Asansole 3,591 0.4031 Kozhikode 3,832 0.4230 Indore 3,963 0.4429 Thiruvananthapuram 4,038 0.4528 Salem 4,120 0.4527 Vijaywada 4,132 0.4626 Tiruchirapalli 4,224 0.4725 Nasik 4,480 0.4924 Vishakhapatnam 4,564 0.5023 Rajkot 4,953 0.5522 Vadodara 5,038 0.5621 Lucknow 5,688 0.6320 Jaipur 5,980 0.6619 Goa 6,346 0.7018 Kanpur 7,330 0.8117 Kochi 7,878 0.8716 Jalandhar 7,897 0.8715 Surat 11,296 1.2514 Amritsar 11,757 1.3013 Faridabad 12,254 1.3512 Coimbatore 12,912 1.4211 Chandigarh 13,876 1.5310 Nagpur 15,833 1.759 Ludhiana 20,818 2.308 Ahmedabad 23,972 2.647 Bangalore 30,164 3.336 Pune 37,199 4.105 Hyderabad 51,002 5.624 Chennai 54,504 6.013 Kolkata 56,538 6.232 Mumbai 168,206 18.551 Delhi 242,199 26.71

Total 906,846 100.00


Table 4.9: Cities Ranked by Per Million Households Earning Rs 500,000 to Rs 1,000,000 per annum All cities Year: 2001-02

Rank State Per million households Index All India=10067 Patna 4,977 14.7566 Ranchi 5,556 16.4665 Gorakhpur 5,849 17.3364 Moradabad 5,862 17.3763 Bhubaneshwar 5,910 17.5162 Cuttack 5,920 17.5461 Aligarh 6,232 18.4660 Bareilly 6,461 19.1459 Ghaziabad 6,463 19.1558 Meerut 6,626 19.6357 Allahabad 6,626 19.6356 Dhanbad 6,855 20.3155 Agra 6,865 20.3454 Raipur 6,952 20.6053 Durgbhilai Nagar 7,165 21.2352 Jamshedpur 7,398 21.9251 Gwalior 8,078 23.9450 Kota 8,191 24.2749 Jabalpur 8,258 24.4748 Dehra Dun 8,774 26.0047 Jodhpur 8,900 26.3746 Guwahati 8,944 26.5045 Bhopal 10,623 31.4744 Pondicherry 10,688 31.6743 Madurai 10,771 31.9142 Indore 12,783 37.8841 Varanasi 13,164 39.0040 Lucknow 13,739 40.7139 Jaipur 14,730 43.6438 Belgaum 14,847 43.9937 Kanpur 14,990 44.4136 Asansole 15,217 45.0935 Vadodara 15,894 47.0934 Bhiwandi 15,941 47.2333 Mangalore 15,945 47.2432 Vishakhapatnam 16,358 48.4731 Mysore 16,907 50.0930 Surat 18,219 53.9829 Aurangabad 18,248 54.0728 Nasik 18,286 54.1827 Kolkata 19,422 57.5526 Kozhikode 19,551 57.9325 Warangal 19,641 58.1924 Vijaywada 19,675 58.2923 Thiruvananthapuram 19,696 58.3622 Jamnagar 21,061 62.4021 Tiruppur 21,504 63.7120 Tiruchirapalli 22,001 65.1919 Bhavnagar 22,216 65.8218 Rajkot 23,146 68.5817 Salem 24,088 71.3716 Kochi 24,391 72.2715 Ahmedabad 24,638 73.0014 Bangalore 24,826 73.5613 Nagpur 35,740 105.9012 Chennai 36,703 108.7511 Coimbatore 38,314 113.5210 Hyderabad 43,149 127.859 Pune 46,441 137.608 Goa 47,004 139.277 Mumbai 48,391 143.386 Jalandhar 60,280 178.615 Amritsar 61,235 181.434 Faridabad 64,159 190.103 Ludhiana 73,560 217.952 Chandigarh 78,394 232.271 Delhi 98,136 290.77

All India 33,751 100.00


Table 4.10: Cities Ranked by Households EarningRs 1,000,000 to Rs 2,000,000 per annum All cities Year: 2001-02

Rank State Households Percentage67 Gorakhpur 147 0.0566 Moradabad 151 0.0565 Aligarh 170 0.0564 Bareilly 192 0.0663 Dehra Dun 198 0.0662 Cuttack 201 0.0661 Raipur 221 0.0760 Bhubaneshwar 232 0.0759 Ranchi 253 0.0858 Kota 262 0.0857 Ghaziabad 269 0.0856 Gwalior 281 0.0955 Allahabad 289 0.0954 Durgbhilai Nagar 301 0.0953 Meerut 323 0.1052 Jodhpur 349 0.1151 Jabalpur 369 0.1250 Patna 380 0.1249 Pondicherry 383 0.1248 Agra 387 0.1247 Dhanbad 391 0.1246 Belgaum 433 0.1445 Jamshedpur 446 0.1444 Guwahati 463 0.1543 Mangalore 497 0.1642 Warangal 633 0.2041 Bhopal 643 0.2040 Varanasi 675 0.2139 Mysore 780 0.2538 Bhavnagar 818 0.2637 Bhiwandi 825 0.2636 Tiruppur 832 0.2635 Jamnagar 865 0.2734 Indore 885 0.2833 Madurai 899 0.2832 Kozhikode 1,091 0.3431 Vijaywada 1,135 0.3630 Thiruvananthapuram 1,150 0.3629 Asansole 1,158 0.3628 Vishakhapatnam 1,239 0.3927 Salem 1,284 0.4026 Tiruchirapalli 1,317 0.4125 Lucknow 1,338 0.4224 Aurangabad 1,394 0.4423 Jaipur 1,621 0.5122 Rajkot 1,729 0.5421 Vadodara 1,738 0.5520 Kanpur 1,742 0.5519 Goa 1,791 0.5618 Nasik 1,822 0.5717 Kochi 2,244 0.7116 Jalandhar 2,704 0.8515 Faridabad 3,852 1.2114 Surat 3,914 1.2313 Amritsar 4,029 1.2712 Coimbatore 4,055 1.2811 Chandigarh 4,913 1.5510 Nagpur 6,367 2.009 Ludhiana 7,206 2.278 Ahmedabad 8,270 2.607 Bangalore 8,668 2.736 Hyderabad 14,116 4.445 Pune 14,861 4.684 Chennai 17,067 5.373 Kolkata 18,291 5.762 Mumbai 67,427 21.221 Delhi 92,705 29.18

Total 317,684 100.00


Table 4.11: Cities Ranked by Per Million Households Earning Rs 1,000,000 to Rs 2,000,000 per annum All cities Year: 2001-02

Rank State Per million households Index All India=10067 Moradabad 1,350 11.4266 Gorakhpur 1,362 11.5265 Patna 1,429 12.0864 Aligarh 1,455 12.3163 Ghaziabad 1,505 12.7362 Bareilly 1,515 12.8261 Meerut 1,536 12.9960 Allahabad 1,553 13.1459 Raipur 1,557 13.1758 Ranchi 1,583 13.3957 Agra 1,607 13.5956 Durgbhilai Nagar 1,610 13.6255 Bhubaneshwar 1,667 14.1054 Cuttack 1,671 14.1353 Gwalior 1,813 15.3452 Jabalpur 1,846 15.6151 Dhanbad 1,975 16.7050 Dehra Dun 2,066 17.4849 Jamshedpur 2,135 18.0648 Kota 2,201 18.6247 Bhopal 2,390 20.2146 Jodhpur 2,392 20.2345 Guwahati 2,662 22.5244 Indore 2,853 24.1343 Pondicherry 2,877 24.3342 Varanasi 3,126 26.4441 Lucknow 3,231 27.3340 Madurai 3,292 27.8439 Kanpur 3,563 30.1438 Jaipur 3,993 33.7737 Belgaum 4,201 35.5336 Vishakhapatnam 4,442 37.5735 Mangalore 4,519 38.2234 Mysore 4,788 40.4933 Asansole 4,905 41.4932 Warangal 5,319 44.9931 Vijaywada 5,406 45.7230 Vadodara 5,482 46.3629 Kozhikode 5,568 47.1028 Thiruvananthapuram 5,611 47.4627 Kolkata 6,283 53.1426 Surat 6,313 53.3925 Bhiwandi 6,443 54.5024 Tiruppur 6,657 56.3023 Tiruchirapalli 6,860 58.0222 Kochi 6,946 58.7521 Bangalore 7,134 60.3420 Jamnagar 7,327 61.9719 Aurangabad 7,416 62.7218 Nasik 7,435 62.8817 Salem 7,507 63.4916 Bhavnagar 7,714 65.2515 Rajkot 8,081 68.3414 Ahmedabad 8,499 71.8813 Chennai 11,493 97.2112 Hyderabad 11,942 101.0011 Coimbatore 12,033 101.7710 Goa 13,269 112.229 Nagpur 14,373 121.568 Pune 18,552 156.917 Mumbai 19,398 164.066 Faridabad 20,165 170.555 Jalandhar 20,643 174.604 Amritsar 20,987 177.503 Ludhiana 25,464 215.372 Chandigarh 27,759 234.781 Delhi 37,563 317.70

All India 11,823 100.00



Rank State Households Percentage67 Gorakhpur 37 0.0366 Moradabad 38 0.0365 Aligarh 43 0.0364 Bareilly 49 0.0463 Dehra Dun 51 0.0462 Raipur 54 0.0461 Cuttack 62 0.0560 Ghaziabad 68 0.0559 Gwalior 68 0.0558 Bhubaneshwar 72 0.0657 Durgbhilai Nagar 73 0.0656 Allahabad 74 0.0655 Kota 77 0.0654 Ranchi 80 0.0653 Meerut 81 0.0652 Jabalpur 89 0.0751 Agra 98 0.0850 Jodhpur 103 0.0849 Pondicherry 113 0.0948 Patna 120 0.0947 Dhanbad 124 0.1046 Belgaum 132 0.1045 Jamshedpur 142 0.1144 Mangalore 152 0.1243 Guwahati 153 0.1242 Bhopal 156 0.1241 Varanasi 174 0.1440 Warangal 188 0.1539 Indore 214 0.1738 Mysore 239 0.1937 Tiruppur 286 0.2236 Madurai 305 0.2435 Bhavnagar 319 0.2534 Jamnagar 338 0.2633 Lucknow 342 0.2732 Kozhikode 343 0.2731 Vijaywada 343 0.2730 Thiruvananthapuram 361 0.2829 Vishakhapatnam 370 0.2928 Bhiwandi 380 0.3027 Asansole 416 0.3326 Salem 445 0.3525 Kanpur 450 0.3524 Tiruchirapalli 457 0.3623 Jaipur 483 0.3822 Goa 557 0.4421 Aurangabad 647 0.5120 Vadodara 673 0.5319 Rajkot 678 0.5318 Kochi 705 0.5517 Nasik 845 0.6616 Jalandhar 1,039 0.8115 Faridabad 1,347 1.0514 Coimbatore 1,417 1.1113 Surat 1,523 1.1912 Amritsar 1,549 1.2111 Chandigarh 1,958 1.5310 Bangalore 2,698 2.119 Ludhiana 2,801 2.198 Nagpur 2,919 2.287 Ahmedabad 3,202 2.506 Hyderabad 4,298 3.365 Chennai 5,944 4.654 Kolkata 6,602 5.163 Pune 6,762 5.282 Mumbai 30,798 24.071 Delhi 40,241 31.45

Total 127,965 100.00



Rank State Per million households Index All India=10067 Moradabad 337 7.0866 Gorakhpur 344 7.2265 Aligarh 369 7.7464 Raipur 377 7.9263 Ghaziabad 380 7.9962 Bareilly 386 8.1061 Meerut 386 8.1160 Durgbhilai Nagar 392 8.2259 Allahabad 395 8.3058 Agra 408 8.5757 Gwalior 440 9.2556 Jabalpur 446 9.3755 Patna 453 9.5054 Ranchi 498 10.4553 Bhubaneshwar 518 10.8852 Cuttack 520 10.9151 Dehra Dun 528 11.1050 Bhopal 582 12.2249 Dhanbad 628 13.1848 Kota 649 13.6347 Jamshedpur 681 14.2946 Indore 689 14.4645 Jodhpur 706 14.8144 Varanasi 807 16.9443 Lucknow 825 17.3342 Pondicherry 850 17.8541 Guwahati 877 18.4240 Kanpur 920 19.3339 Madurai 1,117 23.4538 Jaipur 1,189 24.9637 Belgaum 1,286 27.0036 Vishakhapatnam 1,325 27.8335 Mangalore 1,385 29.0934 Mysore 1,467 30.8033 Warangal 1,582 33.2232 Vijaywada 1,633 34.3031 Kozhikode 1,749 36.7330 Asansole 1,763 37.0229 Thiruvananthapuram 1,763 37.0228 Vadodara 2,122 44.5527 Kochi 2,182 45.8126 Bangalore 2,220 46.6225 Kolkata 2,268 47.6224 Tiruppur 2,290 48.0823 Tiruchirapalli 2,378 49.9322 Surat 2,456 51.5821 Salem 2,601 54.6120 Jamnagar 2,864 60.1319 Bhiwandi 2,970 62.3718 Bhavnagar 3,008 63.1717 Rajkot 3,170 66.5616 Ahmedabad 3,291 69.1015 Aurangabad 3,439 72.2114 Nasik 3,450 72.4413 Hyderabad 3,636 76.3512 Chennai 4,003 84.0511 Goa 4,128 86.6810 Coimbatore 4,205 88.289 Nagpur 6,588 138.348 Faridabad 7,052 148.077 Jalandhar 7,929 166.496 Amritsar 8,068 169.405 Pune 8,442 177.264 Mumbai 8,860 186.043 Ludhiana 9,897 207.812 Chandigarh 11,060 232.241 Delhi 16,305 342.36

All India 4,763 100.00



Rank State Households Percentage67 Gorakhpur 5 0.0266 Moradabad 5 0.0265 Aligarh 5 0.0264 Bareilly 6 0.0263 Raipur 6 0.0262 Dehra Dun 6 0.0261 Gwalior 8 0.0360 Ghaziabad 8 0.0359 Durgbhilai Nagar 9 0.0358 Allahabad 9 0.0357 Cuttack 10 0.0456 Meerut 10 0.0455 Jabalpur 10 0.0454 Bhubaneshwar 11 0.0453 Kota 11 0.0452 Agra 12 0.0451 Ranchi 13 0.0550 Jodhpur 15 0.0649 Pondicherry 17 0.0648 Bhopal 19 0.0747 Patna 19 0.0746 Belgaum 20 0.0745 Dhanbad 20 0.0744 Varanasi 22 0.0843 Jamshedpur 23 0.0842 Mangalore 23 0.0841 Indore 25 0.0940 Guwahati 26 0.0939 Warangal 28 0.1038 Mysore 36 0.1337 Lucknow 43 0.1636 Tiruppur 50 0.1835 Vijaywada 52 0.1934 Madurai 53 0.1933 Kozhikode 54 0.2032 Vishakhapatnam 55 0.2031 Kanpur 57 0.2130 Thiruvananthapuram 57 0.2129 Bhavnagar 65 0.2428 Jamnagar 69 0.2527 Jaipur 72 0.2626 Asansole 77 0.2825 Salem 79 0.2924 Tiruchirapalli 81 0.2923 Goa 87 0.3222 Bhiwandi 93 0.3421 Kochi 112 0.4120 Vadodara 135 0.4919 Rajkot 138 0.5018 Aurangabad 159 0.5817 Jalandhar 207 0.7516 Nasik 207 0.7615 Faridabad 241 0.8814 Coimbatore 253 0.9213 Surat 307 1.1212 Amritsar 308 1.1211 Chandigarh 406 1.4810 Bangalore 414 1.519 Ludhiana 565 2.068 Ahmedabad 643 2.347 Hyderabad 658 2.406 Nagpur 707 2.575 Chennai 1,060 3.864 Kolkata 1,225 4.463 Pune 1,624 5.922 Mumbai 7,428 27.061 Delhi 9,174 33.42

Total 27,452 100.00



Rank State Per million households Index All India=10067 Moradabad 41 4.0266 Gorakhpur 42 4.1665 Raipur 44 4.3464 Aligarh 46 4.4763 Durgbhilai Nagar 46 4.5362 Ghaziabad 47 4.6061 Meerut 47 4.6460 Bareilly 48 4.7059 Allahabad 49 4.8258 Agra 51 4.9657 Gwalior 52 5.0856 Jabalpur 52 5.1355 Dehra Dun 66 6.4854 Bhopal 69 6.7453 Patna 72 7.0952 Ranchi 79 7.7351 Indore 81 7.9050 Bhubaneshwar 81 7.9549 Cuttack 81 7.9748 Kota 96 9.3847 Dhanbad 101 9.8846 Varanasi 102 9.9945 Lucknow 103 10.1044 Jodhpur 104 10.1943 Jamshedpur 110 10.7442 Kanpur 117 11.4141 Pondicherry 126 12.3040 Guwahati 147 14.3839 Jaipur 177 17.3638 Madurai 193 18.9137 Belgaum 194 18.9436 Vishakhapatnam 198 19.3935 Mangalore 209 20.4534 Mysore 221 21.6333 Warangal 236 23.0732 Vijaywada 248 24.2531 Kozhikode 277 27.1530 Thiruvananthapuram 280 27.3829 Asansole 326 31.8828 Bangalore 341 33.3527 Kochi 346 33.8626 Tiruppur 402 39.3825 Kolkata 421 41.1824 Tiruchirapalli 422 41.2623 Vadodara 426 41.6822 Salem 461 45.1021 Surat 496 48.5320 Hyderabad 556 54.4719 Jamnagar 581 56.8518 Bhavnagar 609 59.5917 Rajkot 646 63.2016 Goa 647 63.3615 Ahmedabad 661 64.6614 Chennai 713 69.8313 Bhiwandi 724 70.8412 Coimbatore 752 73.6111 Aurangabad 843 82.5610 Nasik 847 82.879 Faridabad 1,263 123.598 Jalandhar 1,578 154.407 Nagpur 1,595 156.146 Amritsar 1,607 157.265 Ludhiana 1,995 195.284 Pune 2,028 198.453 Mumbai 2,137 209.162 Chandigarh 2,293 224.391 Delhi 3,717 363.84

All India 1,022 100.00


Table 4.16: Cities Ranked by Households EarningMore Than Rs 10,000,000 per annum All cities Year: 2001-02

Rank State Households Percentage67 Moradabad 1 0.0166 Gorakhpur 1 0.0165 Aligarh 1 0.0164 Raipur 2 0.0163 Bareilly 2 0.0162 Dehra Dun 2 0.0161 Gwalior 2 0.0160 Durgbhilai Nagar 2 0.0259 Ghaziabad 2 0.0258 Allahabad 3 0.0257 Meerut 3 0.0256 Jabalpur 3 0.0255 Agra 3 0.0254 Cuttack 3 0.0253 Kota 4 0.0352 Bhubaneshwar 4 0.0351 Ranchi 5 0.0350 Bhopal 5 0.0349 Jodhpur 5 0.0348 Pondicherry 6 0.0447 Varanasi 6 0.0446 Indore 6 0.0445 Belgaum 6 0.0444 Patna 7 0.0543 Dhanbad 7 0.0542 Mangalore 7 0.0541 Jamshedpur 8 0.0640 Warangal 9 0.0639 Guwahati 10 0.0738 Mysore 12 0.0837 Lucknow 12 0.0836 Kanpur 16 0.1135 Vijaywada 18 0.1234 Vishakhapatnam 18 0.1333 Kozhikode 19 0.1332 Tiruppur 20 0.1431 Thiruvananthapuram 20 0.1430 Madurai 21 0.1429 Jaipur 24 0.1728 Bhavnagar 31 0.2127 Goa 31 0.2126 Salem 32 0.2225 Jamnagar 33 0.2324 Asansole 33 0.2323 Tiruchirapalli 33 0.2322 Kochi 40 0.2721 Bhiwandi 56 0.3920 Vadodara 64 0.4419 Rajkot 66 0.4618 Jalandhar 96 0.6617 Aurangabad 97 0.6716 Faridabad 99 0.6815 Coimbatore 104 0.7114 Nasik 127 0.8713 Bangalore 137 0.9412 Amritsar 144 0.9911 Surat 146 1.0010 Chandigarh 199 1.379 Hyderabad 226 1.558 Ludhiana 267 1.847 Ahmedabad 303 2.086 Nagpur 425 2.925 Chennai 433 2.984 Kolkata 525 3.613 Pune 965 6.642 Mumbai 4,439 30.531 Delhi 5,085 34.97

Total 14,540 100.00


Table 4.17: Cities Ranked by Per Million Households Earning more than Rs 10,000,000 per annum All cities Year: 2001-02

Rank State Per million households Index All India=10067 Moradabad 11 2.0466 Raipur 11 2.1265 Gorakhpur 12 2.1464 Durgbhilai Nagar 12 2.2363 Aligarh 12 2.3162 Ghaziabad 13 2.3761 Meerut 13 2.3760 Bareilly 13 2.4459 Gwalior 13 2.4958 Allahabad 14 2.5057 Jabalpur 14 2.5056 Agra 14 2.5755 Bhopal 18 3.3154 Dehra Dun 18 3.3853 Indore 21 3.8452 Patna 26 4.8351 Ranchi 28 5.2150 Lucknow 28 5.2649 Varanasi 29 5.2748 Bhubaneshwar 29 5.2847 Cuttack 29 5.3146 Kota 32 5.8345 Kanpur 33 6.0344 Jodhpur 34 6.3443 Dhanbad 37 6.7642 Jamshedpur 40 7.3741 Pondicherry 41 7.6740 Guwahati 56 10.3139 Jaipur 59 10.9338 Belgaum 63 11.5937 Vishakhapatnam 66 12.2436 Mangalore 68 12.5435 Mysore 72 13.2534 Madurai 76 14.0833 Warangal 78 14.5032 Vijaywada 84 15.5531 Kozhikode 99 18.3030 Thiruvananthapuram 100 18.4629 Bangalore 113 20.8428 Kochi 123 22.8127 Asansole 139 25.6326 Tiruppur 162 29.8625 Tiruchirapalli 171 31.6124 Kolkata 180 33.3023 Salem 187 34.5322 Hyderabad 191 35.2721 Vadodara 201 37.0720 Goa 228 42.1819 Surat 235 43.4718 Jamnagar 277 51.2417 Bhavnagar 290 53.5516 Chennai 291 53.8315 Coimbatore 308 56.9914 Rajkot 310 57.2713 Ahmedabad 311 57.5312 Bhiwandi 438 81.0311 Aurangabad 516 95.2910 Nasik 518 95.739 Faridabad 518 95.808 Jalandhar 735 135.867 Amritsar 750 138.546 Ludhiana 945 174.665 Nagpur 958 177.114 Chandigarh 1,124 207.793 Pune 1,205 222.632 Mumbai 1,277 235.991 Delhi 2,060 380.75

All India 541 100.00


Table 4.18: Distribution of Households By Income The 67 Five-Lakh-plus Cities of India

Year: 2001 - 02

Income Class (Rs '000) Delhi Mumbai Pune Kolkata Chennai Nagpur Ahmedabad LudhianaBelow 90 197,929 815,982 151,127 1,012,656 515,330 156,078 307,547 35,74390 - 135 382,766 610,901 203,607 500,468 210,517 87,991 132,241 48,065135 - 200 528,781 1,134,495 243,539 1,036,941 401,484 113,017 387,947 73,389200 - 250 352,363 227,332 50,553 107,413 109,013 21,289 41,141 35,530250 - 300 220,475 144,199 32,034 63,946 64,276 13,517 24,963 21,580300 - 500 396,282 264,792 58,729 106,396 105,372 24,858 42,771 37,035500 - 750 168,381 116,089 25,688 40,327 39,063 10,922 16,935 14,699750 - 1,000 73,818 52,117 11,512 16,211 15,441 4,911 7,037 6,1191,000 - 1,500 64,693 46,714 10,301 13,093 12,275 4,409 5,863 5,1071,500 - 2,000 28,012 20,713 4,559 5,198 4,792 1,958 2,406 2,1002,000 - 3,000 24,283 18,364 4,036 4,153 3,768 1,739 1,983 1,7333,000 - 5,000 15,958 12,434 2,726 2,449 2,176 1,180 1,219 1,0685,000 - 7,500 6,447 5,183 1,134 882 767 493 459 4037,500 - 10,000 2,728 2,246 490 342 293 214 184 162Above 10,000 5,085 4,439 965 525 433 425 303 267Total 2,468,000 3,476,000 801,000 2,911,001 1,485,000 443,000 973,000 283,000

Table 4.19: Rich Households The 67 Five-Lakh-plus Cities of India

Year: 2001 - 02Income Class (Rs '000) Delhi Mumbai Pune Kolkata Chennai Nagpur Ahmedabad LudhianaOver 500 389,405 278,299 61,411 83,180 79,008 26,250 36,390 31,657Over 1,000 147,206 110,093 24,212 26,642 24,504 10,417 12,417 10,839Over 2,000 54,500 42,666 9,351 8,351 7,437 4,050 4,148 3,633Over 5,000 14,259 11,867 2,589 1,749 1,492 1,131 946 832Over 10,000 5,085 4,439 965 525 433 425 303 267

Table 4.18: Conti . . .Year: 2001 - 02

Income Class (Rs '000) Hyderabad Chandigarh Surat Amritsar Bangalore Nasik Coimbatore FaridabadBelow 90 209,838 21,500 208,107 39,328 374,619 136,500 124,940 29,31690 - 135 276,773 30,180 180,431 29,359 207,264 33,740 53,039 34,397135 - 200 321,581 42,924 163,255 51,702 423,367 50,622 74,502 47,123200 - 250 123,898 22,848 19,248 20,387 66,956 5,919 25,706 24,368250 - 300 70,427 13,970 11,695 12,346 38,827 3,770 15,170 14,383300 - 500 109,184 24,225 20,079 21,091 61,885 6,969 24,902 23,619500 - 750 37,206 9,764 7,974 8,314 21,869 3,085 9,250 8,778750 - 1,000 13,795 4,112 3,321 3,443 8,295 1,395 3,662 3,4761,000 - 1,500 10,332 3,470 2,773 2,860 6,320 1,259 2,915 2,7691,500 - 2,000 3,784 1,443 1,141 1,170 2,348 562 1,140 1,0832,000 - 3,000 2,803 1,205 942 961 1,755 502 898 8533,000 - 5,000 1,495 753 581 588 942 343 519 4945,000 - 7,500 484 289 219 220 305 144 183 1747,500 - 10,000 173 117 88 88 109 63 70 67Above 10,000 226 199 146 144 137 127 104 99Total 1,182,000 177,000 620,000 192,000 1,215,000 245,000 337,000 191,000

Table 4.19: Conti . . .Year: 2001 - 02

Income Class (Rs '000) Hyderabad Chandigarh Surat Amritsar Bangalore Nasik Coimbatore FaridabadOver 500 70,299 21,352 17,186 17,788 42,080 7,481 18,741 17,793Over 1,000 19,297 7,476 5,890 6,031 11,916 3,001 5,829 5,539Over 2,000 5,182 2,563 1,976 2,001 3,249 1,180 1,774 1,687Over 5,000 883 605 453 452 551 334 357 340Over 10,000 226 199 146 144 137 127 104 99


Table 4.18: Conti . . .Year: 2001 - 02

Income Class (Rs '000) Aurangabad Jalandhar Rajkot Vadodara Bhiwandi Kochi Tiruchirapalli AsansoleBelow 90 104,927 27,232 79,141 95,288 73,789 118,703 92,015 99,03790 - 135 25,791 23,996 38,290 96,353 17,135 55,179 32,985 29,209135 - 200 38,792 31,644 66,832 94,823 26,041 92,875 39,175 84,757200 - 250 4,536 13,710 8,341 8,650 2,721 18,300 8,507 6,862250 - 300 2,889 8,301 5,079 5,248 1,730 10,490 5,010 4,081300 - 500 5,339 14,175 8,750 8,991 3,190 16,474 8,196 6,779500 - 750 2,363 5,585 3,493 3,559 1,406 5,724 3,029 2,563750 - 1,000 1,068 2,312 1,460 1,479 634 2,154 1,195 1,0281,000 - 1,500 964 1,919 1,224 1,232 571 1,636 948 8291,500 - 2,000 430 785 505 506 254 608 369 3292,000 - 3,000 384 645 419 417 226 457 290 2623,000 - 5,000 262 394 259 256 154 248 167 1545,000 - 7,500 110 148 98 96 65 82 59 557,500 - 10,000 48 59 40 39 28 30 22 21Above 10,000 97 96 66 64 56 40 33 33Total 188,000 131,000 214,000 317,000 128,000 323,000 192,000 236,000

Table 4.19: Conti . . .Year: 2001 - 02

Income Class (Rs '000) Aurangabad Jalandhar Rajkot Vadodara Bhiwandi Kochi Tiruchirapalli AsansoleOver 500 5,727 11,943 7,565 7,647 3,394 10,978 6,112 5,275Over 1,000 2,296 4,046 2,612 2,609 1,354 3,100 1,887 1,683Over 2,000 902 1,342 883 871 529 856 570 526Over 5,000 256 303 205 199 149 152 114 110Over 10,000 97 96 66 64 56 40 33 33

Table 4.18: Conti . . .Year: 2001 - 02

Income Class (Rs '000) Jamnagar Salem Goa Bhavnagar Jaipur Madurai Thiruva�puram TiruppurBelow 90 45,034 84,837 15,920 42,288 167,178 183,508 86,440 65,30490 - 135 20,852 21,594 40,142 16,683 59,103 23,614 36,123 15,461135 - 200 37,154 37,446 33,270 32,833 135,026 46,174 53,624 26,421200 - 250 4,208 8,303 14,945 4,000 15,010 6,110 9,373 5,474250 - 300 2,560 4,888 8,545 2,431 8,480 3,577 5,374 3,217300 - 500 4,403 7,996 13,366 4,179 13,024 5,800 8,440 5,246500 - 750 1,753 2,955 4,616 1,662 4,375 2,115 2,933 1,930750 - 1,000 732 1,165 1,729 693 1,605 826 1,104 7581,000 - 1,500 612 924 1,308 579 1,190 649 839 5991,500 - 2,000 252 360 484 239 431 250 312 2332,000 - 3,000 209 282 362 197 316 194 234 1823,000 - 5,000 129 163 195 122 166 111 127 1045,000 - 7,500 49 57 64 46 53 38 42 367,500 - 10,000 20 22 23 19 19 14 15 14Above 10,000 33 32 31 31 24 21 20 20Total 118,000 171,023 135,000 106,000 406,000 273,000 205,000 125,000

Table 4.19: Conti . . .Year: 2001 - 02

Income Class (Rs '000) Jamnagar Salem Goa Bhavnagar Jaipur Madurai Thiruva�puram TiruppurOver 500 3,789 5,959 8,812 3,587 8,180 4,218 5,627 3,877Over 1,000 1,304 1,839 2,467 1,232 2,200 1,277 1,590 1,189Over 2,000 439 556 675 414 579 378 439 357Over 5,000 101 111 118 95 96 74 78 70Over 10,000 33 32 31 31 24 21 20 20


Table 4.18: Conti . . .Year: 2001 - 02

Income Class (Rs '000) Kozhikode Vishakhapatnam Vijaywada Kanpur Lucknow Mysore Guwahati WarangalBelow 90 82,856 77,054 75,650 248,325 185,109 73,563 62,622 44,59590 - 135 34,696 32,284 53,095 66,255 65,143 23,208 40,126 27,792135 - 200 51,095 135,616 50,769 112,177 114,935 46,809 60,576 29,131200 - 250 8,899 11,421 10,151 22,592 17,823 6,260 3,372 5,874250 - 300 5,102 6,456 5,758 12,275 9,653 3,614 1,959 3,318300 - 500 8,012 9,923 8,898 17,779 13,916 5,723 3,138 5,094500 - 750 2,784 3,338 3,017 5,460 4,242 2,002 1,124 1,710750 - 1,000 1,048 1,226 1,115 1,870 1,445 754 433 6271,000 - 1,500 796 910 832 1,302 1,001 570 336 4651,500 - 2000 296 330 303 441 337 210 128 1682,000 - 3,000 222 242 224 303 231 156 98 1233,000 - 5,000 121 128 119 147 111 83 55 655,000 - 7,500 40 41 38 43 32 27 19 217,500 - 10,000 14 14 14 14 11 9 7 7Above 10,000 19 18 18 16 12 12 10 9Total 196,000 279,000 210,000 489,000 414,000 163,000 174,000 119,000

Table 4.19: Conti . . .Year: 2001 - 02

Income Class (Rs '000) Kozhikode Vishakhapatnam Vijaywada Kanpur Lucknow Mysore Guwahati WarangalOver 500 5,340 6,247 5,680 9,596 7,422 3,823 2,207 3,196Over 1,000 1,508 1,683 1,548 2,266 1,734 1,067 651 859Over 2,000 417 443 413 523 396 287 188 226Over 5,000 74 74 70 73 55 48 35 37Over 10,000 19 18 18 16 12 12 10 9

Table 4.18: Conti . . Year: 2001 - 02

Income Class (Rs '000) Jamshedpur Mangalore Dhanbad Patna Belgaum Indore Varanasi PondicherryBelow 90 115,580 50,998 107,311 126,642 48,191 168,497 91,406 68,47290 - 135 11,097 15,281 8,719 26,464 14,402 36,143 38,612 17,715135 - 200 71,421 31,370 72,380 103,510 29,622 69,493 61,816 36,118200 - 250 3,516 3,979 3,097 3,038 3,478 13,472 8,776 3,608250 - 300 2,024 2,298 1,781 1,745 2,008 7,184 4,767 2,034300 - 500 3,197 3,640 2,812 2,751 3,178 10,119 6,902 3,114500 - 750 1,121 1,274 985 961 1,111 2,976 2,118 1,041750 - 1,000 425 480 373 363 418 987 725 3801,000 - 1,500 325 363 285 277 316 666 505 2811,500 - 2,000 122 134 106 103 117 218 171 1012,000 - 3,000 92 99 80 78 86 146 117 743,000 - 5,000 50 53 44 43 46 68 57 395,000 - 7,500 17 17 15 14 15 19 17 127,500 - 10,000 6 6 5 5 5 6 5 4Above 10,000 8 7 7 7 6 6 6 6Total 209,000 110,000 198,000 266,000 103,000 310,000 216,000 133,000

Table 4.19: Conti . . .Year: 2001 - 02

Income Class (Rs '000) Jamshedpur Mangalore Dhanbad Patna Belgaum Indore Varanasi PondicherryOver 500 2,166 2,434 1,900 1,851 2,121 5,092 3,721 1,939Over 1,000 620 680 543 527 591 1,130 878 518Over 2,000 174 183 152 147 159 245 202 135Over 5,000 31 30 27 26 26 31 28 22Over 10,000 8 7 7 7 6 6 6 6


Table 4.18: Conti . . .Year: 2001 - 02

Income Class (Rs '000) Jodhpur Bhopal Ranchi Bhubaneshwar Kota Cuttack Agra JabalpurBelow 90 83,796 142,793 89,880 87,156 69,719 75,595 149,989 114,49090 - 135 18,359 32,785 5,278 10,647 7,426 9,322 24,639 25,458135 - 200 34,055 67,764 58,501 35,281 34,511 29,969 52,098 45,128200 - 250 3,306 9,597 2,062 1,937 2,480 1,674 5,226 5,601250 - 300 1,863 5,130 1,182 1,107 1,397 957 2,826 2,988300 - 500 2,850 7,250 1,858 1,731 2,138 1,497 4,065 4,212500 - 750 952 2,144 646 598 714 517 1,235 1,240750 - 1,000 348 714 243 224 261 194 420 4111,000 - 1,500 257 484 185 169 193 146 290 2781,500 - 2,000 93 159 69 63 69 54 97 912,000 - 3,000 68 107 52 47 51 40 66 613,000 - 5,000 35 50 28 25 27 22 32 285,000 - 7,500 11 14 9 8 8 7 9 87,500 - 10,000 4 5 3 3 3 3 3 3Above 10,000 5 5 5 4 4 3 3 3Total 146,000 269,000 160,000 139,000 119,000 120,000 241,000 200,000

Table 4.19: Conti . . .Year: 2001 - 02

Income Class (Rs '000) Jodhpur Bhopal Ranchi Bhubaneshwar Kota Cuttack Agra JabalpurOver 500 1,772 3,680 1,239 1,140 1,329 987 2,156 2,123Over 1,000 472 823 350 319 354 276 501 472Over 2,000 123 180 97 87 92 76 114 102Over 5,000 20 23 17 15 15 13 16 13Over 10,000 5 5 5 4 4 3 3 3

Table 4.18: Conti . . .Year: 2001 - 02

Income Class (Rs '000) Meerut Allahabad Ghaziabad Durgbhilai Nagar Gwalior Dehra Dun Bareilly RaipurBelow 90 131,595 116,993 113,050 114,135 89,374 57,568 80,390 87,15990 - 135 4,872 18,615 17,735 10,030 19,454 9,324 12,524 7,532135 - 200 61,415 39,780 38,188 50,795 34,904 21,888 27,024 38,405200 - 250 4,461 3,881 3,681 4,505 4,220 2,634 2,583 3,338250 - 300 2,405 2,100 1,988 2,408 2,254 1,427 1,398 1,782300 - 500 3,445 3,023 2,853 3,402 3,183 2,059 2,012 2,514500 - 750 1,040 920 864 1,005 940 628 612 741750 - 1,000 352 313 293 334 312 214 208 2461,000 - 1,500 242 216 202 227 212 148 144 1661,500 - 2,000 81 73 68 74 69 50 48 552,000 - 3,000 55 50 46 50 47 34 33 373,000 - 5,000 26 24 22 23 22 16 16 175,000 - 7,500 8 7 6 7 6 5 5 57,500 - 10,000 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2Above 10,000 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2Total 210,000 186,000 179,000 187,000 155,000 96,000 127,000 142,000

Table 4.19: Conti . . .Year: 2001 - 02

Income Class (Rs '000) Meerut Allahabad Ghaziabad Durgbhilai Nagar Gwalior Dehra Dun Bareilly RaipurOver 500 1,808 1,607 1,505 1,725 1,612 1,100 1,070 1,270Over 1,000 416 374 348 385 359 257 249 283Over 2,000 94 85 79 84 78 59 57 61Over 5,000 13 12 11 11 10 8 8 8Over 10,000 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2


Table 4.18: Conti . . .Year: 2001 - 02

Income Class (Rs '000) Aligarh Gorakhpur Moradabad All citiesBelow 90 74,703 69,969 72,339 9,164,74690 - 135 11,346 10,139 10,600 4,351,363135 - 200 24,649 22,415 23,307 7,788,470200 - 250 2,310 2,011 2,125 1,590,004250 - 300 1,249 1,086 1,144 956,143300 - 500 1,794 1,558 1,634 1,623,811500 - 750 544 472 491 639,973750 - 1,000 185 160 165 266,8731,000 - 1,500 128 110 113 224,3121,500 - 2,000 43 37 38 93,3722,000 - 3,000 29 25 26 78,3503,000 - 5,000 14 12 12 49,6165,000 - 7,500 4 3 3 19,4067,500 - 10,000 1 1 1 8,046Above 10,000 1 1 1 14,540Total 117,000 108,000 112,000 26,869,024

Table 4.19: Conti . . .Year: 2001 - 02

Income Class (Rs '000) Aligarh Gorakhpur Moradabad All citiesOver 500 949 822 851 1,394,487Over 1,000 220 190 195 487,641Over 2,000 50 43 44 169,957Over 5,000 7 6 6 41,992Over 10,000 1 1 1 14,540

Table 4.20: Distribution of Households Per Million By Income The 67 Five-Lakh-plus Cities of India

Year: 2001 - 02Income Class (Rs '000) Delhi Mumbai Pune Kolkata Chennai Nagpur Ahmedabad LudhianaBelow 90 80,198 234,748 188,673 347,872 347,024 352,321 316,081 126,30190 - 135 155,092 175,748 254,191 171,923 141,762 198,626 135,910 169,841135 - 200 214,255 326,380 304,044 356,215 270,360 255,117 398,712 259,324200 - 250 142,773 65,400 63,112 36,899 73,409 48,056 42,283 125,549250 - 300 89,333 41,484 39,992 21,967 43,283 30,512 25,655 76,256300 - 500 160,568 76,177 73,320 36,550 70,958 56,112 43,958 130,867500 - 750 68,226 33,397 32,070 13,853 26,305 24,654 17,405 51,939750 - 1,000 29,910 14,993 14,372 5,569 10,398 11,086 7,232 21,6211,000 - 1,500 26,213 13,439 12,860 4,498 8,266 9,953 6,026 18,0451,500 - 2,000 11,350 5,959 5,692 1,786 3,227 4,420 2,473 7,4192,000 - 3,000 9,839 5,283 5,038 1,427 2,538 3,925 2,038 6,1253,000 - 5,000 6,466 3,577 3,404 841 1,465 2,663 1,253 3,7725,000 - 7,500 2,612 1,491 1,415 303 516 1,112 472 1,4237,500 - 10,000 1,105 646 612 118 197 483 189 572Above 10,000 2,060 1,277 1,205 180 291 958 311 945

Table 4.21: Rich Households Per MillionThe 67 Five-Lakh-plus Cities of India

Year: 2001 - 02Income Class (Rs '000) Delhi Mumbai Pune Kolkata Chennai Nagpur Ahmedabad LudhianaOver 500 157,781 80,063 76,668 28,574 53,204 59,256 37,400 111,861Over 1,000 59,646 31,672 30,227 9,152 16,501 23,515 12,762 38,301Over 2,000 22,083 12,274 11,674 2,869 5,008 9,142 4,263 12,837Over 5,000 5,778 3,414 3,232 601 1,005 2,554 972 2,940Over 10,000 2,060 1,277 1,205 180 291 958 311 945


Table 4.20: Conti . . .Year: 2001 - 02

Income Class (Rs '000) Hyderabad Chandigarh Surat Amritsar Bangalore Nasik Coimbatore FaridabadBelow 90 177,528 121,472 335,656 204,833 308,329 557,143 370,742 153,48890 - 135 234,156 170,510 291,017 152,909 170,588 137,713 157,385 180,091135 - 200 272,065 242,508 263,314 269,281 348,451 206,619 221,075 246,716200 - 250 104,821 129,083 31,046 106,181 55,108 24,157 76,278 127,582250 - 300 59,583 78,929 18,862 64,302 31,956 15,388 45,014 75,306300 - 500 92,372 136,867 32,385 109,848 50,934 28,444 73,893 123,661500 - 750 31,477 55,162 12,862 43,302 17,999 12,591 27,448 45,958750 - 1,000 11,671 23,232 5,357 17,933 6,827 5,694 10,866 18,2011,000 - 1,500 8,741 19,604 4,473 14,894 5,201 5,139 8,651 14,4951,500 - 2,000 3,201 8,155 1,840 6,092 1,932 2,296 3,382 5,6702,000 - 3,000 2,371 6,807 1,520 5,005 1,445 2,049 2,664 4,4673,000 - 5,000 1,265 4,254 937 3,063 776 1,400 1,541 2,5855,000 - 7,500 410 1,630 354 1,148 251 589 544 9147,500 - 10,000 147 663 142 459 89 257 208 349Above 10,000 191 1,124 235 750 113 518 308 518

Table 4.21: Conti . . .Year: 2001 - 02

Income Class (Rs '000) Hyderabad Chandigarh Surat Amritsar Bangalore Nasik Coimbatore FaridabadOver 500 59,474 120,631 27,719 92,646 34,634 30,535 55,613 93,157Over 1,000 16,326 42,236 9,500 31,411 9,808 12,250 17,298 28,999Over 2,000 4,384 14,477 3,187 10,424 2,674 4,815 5,265 8,833Over 5,000 747 3,417 731 2,356 454 1,365 1,061 1,781Over 10,000 191 1,124 235 750 113 518 308 518

Table 4.20: Conti . . .Year: 2001 - 02

Income Class (Rs '000) Aurangabad Jalandhar Rajkot Vadodara Bhiwandi Kochi Tiruchirapalli AsansoleBelow 90 558,122 207,880 369,820 300,593 576,474 367,500 479,247 419,65090 - 135 137,185 183,172 178,926 303,952 133,869 170,834 171,799 123,769135 - 200 206,338 241,557 312,300 299,126 203,442 287,540 204,035 359,140200 - 250 24,128 104,656 38,978 27,287 21,260 56,656 44,308 29,077250 - 300 15,367 63,364 23,734 16,555 13,518 32,478 26,091 17,292300 - 500 28,398 108,206 40,889 28,363 24,920 51,003 42,689 28,723500 - 750 12,567 42,632 16,322 11,229 10,987 17,722 15,778 10,860750 - 1,000 5,682 17,648 6,824 4,665 4,954 6,669 6,223 4,3571,000 - 1,500 5,127 14,652 5,719 3,887 4,458 5,064 4,937 3,5131,500 - 2,000 2,289 5,991 2,362 1,595 1,985 1,882 1,923 1,3922,000 - 3,000 2,043 4,920 1,958 1,314 1,767 1,414 1,509 1,1103,000 - 5,000 1,396 3,009 1,212 808 1,203 768 869 6535,000 - 7,500 587 1,127 460 304 504 254 305 2357,500 - 10,000 256 450 186 122 219 92 116 91Above 10,000 516 735 310 201 438 123 171 139

Table 4.21: Conti . . .Year: 2001 - 02

Income Class (Rs '000) Aurangabad Jalandhar Rajkot Vadodara Bhiwandi Kochi Tiruchirapalli AsansoleOver 500 30,462 91,166 35,352 24,124 26,517 33,989 31,831 22,350Over 1,000 12,214 30,885 12,206 8,230 10,576 9,597 9,830 7,133Over 2,000 4,798 10,242 4,126 2,748 4,133 2,651 2,970 2,228Over 5,000 1,359 2,313 956 626 1,162 469 593 464Over 10,000 516 735 310 201 438 123 171 139


Table 4.20: Conti . . .Year: 2001 - 02

Income Class (Rs '000) Jamnagar Salem Goa Bhavnagar Jaipur Madurai Thiruva�puram TiruppurBelow 90 381,642 496,053 117,927 398,940 411,768 672,191 421,658 522,43290 - 135 176,710 126,266 297,345 157,387 145,573 86,497 176,208 123,689135 - 200 314,868 218,951 246,446 309,744 332,576 169,135 261,580 211,365200 - 250 35,662 48,547 110,705 37,732 36,970 22,381 45,721 43,796250 - 300 21,693 28,583 63,296 22,939 20,886 13,102 26,213 25,735300 - 500 37,313 46,756 99,004 39,422 32,078 21,244 41,171 41,970500 - 750 14,860 17,276 34,195 15,679 10,777 7,747 14,310 15,438750 - 1,000 6,202 6,812 12,809 6,537 3,953 3,024 5,386 6,0661,000 - 1,500 5,189 5,403 9,685 5,464 2,931 2,376 4,091 4,7961,500 - 2,000 2,139 2,104 3,583 2,250 1,062 916 1,521 1,8612,000 - 3,000 1,770 1,651 2,680 1,860 779 712 1,142 1,4553,000 - 5,000 1,094 950 1,448 1,148 410 405 621 8345,000 - 7,500 414 334 475 434 131 140 205 2927,500 - 10,000 167 127 172 175 46 53 75 111Above 10,000 277 187 228 290 59 76 100 162

Table 4.21: Conti . . .Year: 2001 - 02

Income Class (Rs '000) Jamnagar Salem Goa Bhavnagar Jaipur Madurai Thiruva�puram TiruppurOver 500 32,111 34,843 65,276 33,837 20,148 15,449 27,450 31,014Over 1,000 11,049 10,755 18,272 11,621 5,418 4,678 7,754 9,511Over 2,000 3,722 3,248 5,004 3,907 1,425 1,386 2,143 2,854Over 5,000 858 648 876 899 236 269 380 564Over 10,000 277 187 228 290 59 76 100 162

Table 4.20: Conti . . .Year: 2001 - 02

Income Class (Rs '000) Kozhikode Vishakhapatnam Vijaywada Kanpur Lucknow Mysore Guwahati WarangalBelow 90 422,733 276,178 360,237 507,822 447,123 451,308 359,897 374,75090 - 135 177,022 115,712 252,831 135,492 157,350 142,378 230,612 233,544135 - 200 260,687 486,079 241,755 229,401 277,621 287,172 348,138 244,801200 - 250 45,405 40,935 48,340 46,201 43,050 38,404 19,379 49,364250 - 300 26,030 23,138 27,419 25,103 23,317 22,173 11,256 27,880300 - 500 40,878 35,568 42,371 36,359 33,613 35,109 18,032 42,804500 - 750 14,205 11,965 14,368 11,165 10,247 12,283 6,458 14,372750 - 1,000 5,346 4,393 5,307 3,825 3,491 4,624 2,486 5,2691,000 - 1,500 4,060 3,260 3,961 2,662 2,418 3,498 1,929 3,9051,500 - 2,000 1,509 1,182 1,445 901 814 1,290 733 1,4142,000 - 3,000 1,133 868 1,067 620 557 957 563 1,0373,000 - 5,000 616 457 567 300 268 509 315 5455,000 - 7,500 203 146 183 88 78 163 107 1747,500 - 10,000 74 52 65 29 26 58 40 62Above 10,000 99 66 84 33 28 72 56 78

Table 4.21: Conti . . .Year: 2001 - 02

Income Class (Rs '000) Kozhikode Vishakhapatnam Vijaywada Kanpur Lucknow Mysore Guwahati WarangalOver 500 27,245 22,390 27,046 19,623 17,927 23,454 12,686 26,856Over 1,000 7,694 6,032 7,372 4,633 4,188 6,547 3,742 7,216Over 2,000 2,126 1,590 1,965 1,070 957 1,759 1,080 1,896Over 5,000 376 264 332 149 132 293 203 314Over 10,000 99 66 84 33 28 72 56 78


Table 4.20: Conti . . .Year: 2001 - 02

Income Class (Rs '000) Jamshedpur Mangalore Dhanbad Patna Belgaum Indore Varanasi PondicherryBelow 90 553,015 463,618 541,974 476,096 467,872 543,537 423,175 514,82990 - 135 53,096 138,919 44,036 99,489 139,824 116,589 178,757 133,194135 - 200 341,725 285,182 365,555 389,135 287,596 224,173 286,183 271,562200 - 250 16,822 36,174 15,642 11,420 33,771 43,458 40,632 27,127250 - 300 9,682 20,891 8,997 6,562 19,493 23,175 22,071 15,293300 - 500 15,297 33,090 14,201 10,341 30,854 32,642 31,954 23,413500 - 750 5,365 11,583 4,973 3,612 10,788 9,600 9,806 7,828750 - 1,000 2,033 4,362 1,882 1,365 4,059 3,183 3,358 2,8611,000 - 1,500 1,554 3,301 1,437 1,040 3,070 2,150 2,336 2,1141,500 - 2,000 582 1,218 537 388 1,131 704 790 7632,000 - 3,000 440 904 406 293 839 470 544 5583,000 - 5,000 241 481 222 160 446 219 263 2925,000 - 7,500 80 154 74 53 143 61 77 937,500 - 10,000 29 55 27 19 51 20 25 33Above 10,000 40 68 37 26 63 21 29 41

Table 4.21: Conti . . .Year: 2001 - 02

Income Class (Rs '000) Jamshedpur Mangalore Dhanbad Patna Belgaum Indore Varanasi PondicherryOver 500 10,363 22,126 9,595 6,957 20,590 16,427 17,228 14,582Over 1,000 2,965 6,181 2,740 1,980 5,743 3,644 4,064 3,894Over 2,000 830 1,662 765 551 1,542 790 937 1,017Over 5,000 150 277 138 99 256 101 131 167Over 10,000 40 68 37 26 63 21 29 41

Table 4.20: Conti . . .Year: 2001 - 02

Income Class (Rs '000) Jodhpur Bhopal Ranchi Bhubaneshwar Kota Cuttack Agra JabalpurBelow 90 573,947 530,830 561,752 627,022 585,874 629,959 622,363 572,44890 - 135 125,744 121,877 32,985 76,596 62,401 77,683 102,238 127,289135 - 200 233,251 251,912 365,629 253,818 290,010 249,740 216,175 225,638200 - 250 22,642 35,677 12,889 13,937 20,839 13,949 21,685 28,006250 - 300 12,759 19,069 7,391 7,966 11,742 7,975 11,727 14,942300 - 500 19,520 26,953 11,610 12,456 17,965 12,473 16,868 21,061500 - 750 6,519 7,970 4,036 4,300 6,000 4,307 5,124 6,201750 - 1,000 2,381 2,653 1,519 1,610 2,191 1,613 1,741 2,0571,000 - 1,500 1,758 1,798 1,154 1,217 1,618 1,220 1,203 1,3911,500 - 2,000 634 591 429 450 583 451 404 4562,000 - 3,000 463 396 322 336 426 337 276 3053,000 - 5,000 242 185 175 182 223 182 132 1425,000 - 7,500 77 52 58 60 71 60 38 407,500 - 10,000 27 17 21 22 25 22 13 13Above 10,000 34 18 28 29 32 29 14 14

Table 4.21: Conti . . .Year: 2001 - 02

Income Class (Rs '000) Jodhpur Bhopal Ranchi Bhubaneshwar Kota Cuttack Agra JabalpurOver 500 12,136 13,681 7,744 8,205 11,169 8,221 8,945 10,617Over 1,000 3,236 3,058 2,188 2,295 2,978 2,301 2,079 2,359Over 2,000 844 669 605 628 777 630 473 512Over 5,000 138 87 107 110 127 110 65 66Over 10,000 34 18 28 29 32 29 14 14


Table 4.20: Conti . . .Year: 2001 - 02

Income Class (Rs '000) Meerut Allahabad Ghaziabad Durgbhilai Nagar Gwalior Dehra Dun Bareilly RaipurBelow 90 626,642 628,994 631,563 610,350 576,603 599,664 632,988 613,79990 - 135 23,198 100,082 99,078 53,636 125,511 97,128 98,614 53,039135 - 200 292,451 213,873 213,341 271,630 225,187 228,002 212,789 270,460200 - 250 21,241 20,867 20,563 24,094 27,225 27,439 20,336 23,509250 - 300 11,455 11,292 11,105 12,875 14,542 14,868 11,005 12,549300 - 500 16,406 16,254 15,940 18,191 20,534 21,445 15,845 17,702500 - 750 4,952 4,944 4,827 5,376 6,062 6,543 4,821 5,218750 - 1,000 1,674 1,682 1,636 1,789 2,016 2,231 1,640 1,7331,000 - 1,500 1,151 1,163 1,128 1,212 1,365 1,546 1,134 1,1721,500 - 2,000 384 391 378 398 448 521 381 3852,000 - 3,000 262 267 257 267 300 357 261 2573,000 - 5,000 125 128 123 125 140 172 125 1205,000 - 7,500 36 37 35 35 39 50 36 347,500 - 10,000 12 12 12 11 13 16 12 11Above 10,000 13 14 13 12 13 18 13 11

Table 4.21: Conti . . .Year: 2001 - 02

Income Class (Rs '000) Meerut Allahabad Ghaziabad Durgbhilai Nagar Gwalior Dehra Dun Bareilly RaipurOver 500 8,608 8,638 8,409 9,225 10,397 11,454 8,423 8,942Over 1,000 1,982 2,012 1,946 2,060 2,319 2,679 1,962 1,990Over 2,000 446 458 440 450 506 613 447 433Over 5,000 60 63 60 58 65 84 61 56Over 10,000 13 14 13 12 13 18 13 11

Table 4.20: Conti . . .Year: 2001 - 02

Income Class (Rs '000) Aligarh Gorakhpur Moradabad All citiesBelow 90 638,489 647,858 645,887 341,09090 - 135 96,973 93,883 94,642 161,947135 - 200 210,674 207,545 208,101 289,868200 - 250 19,744 18,620 18,970 59,176250 - 300 10,671 10,055 10,212 35,585300 - 500 15,335 14,430 14,586 60,434500 - 750 4,652 4,369 4,384 23,818750 - 1,000 1,579 1,481 1,478 9,9321,000 - 1,500 1,090 1,020 1,013 8,3481,500 - 2,000 365 342 337 3,4752,000 - 3,000 249 233 229 2,9163,000 - 5,000 119 111 109 1,8475,000 - 7,500 34 32 31 7227,500 - 10,000 11 10 10 299Above 10,000 12 12 11 541

Table 4.21: Conti . . .Year: 2001 - 02

Income Class (Rs '000) Aligarh Gorakhpur Moradabad All citiesOver 500 8,114 7,610 7,602 51,899Over 1,000 1,882 1,760 1,740 18,149Over 2,000 427 398 389 6,325Over 5,000 58 54 52 1,563Over 10,000 12 12 11 541

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