the graph of transactions in the iota cryptocurrency graph of...ref to block 1 block of data 3 ref...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: The graph of transactions in the IOTA cryptocurrency graph of...ref to block 1 Block of data 3 ref to block 2. Introduction The Tangle 5 Problem It does not scale. Introduction The](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071016/5fceed8820194c49ab7c1da5/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
©2015ICube
The graph of transactions in the IOTA cryptocurrency
Jun, 20th, 2018, Clermont-Ferrand
Quentin Bramas [email protected]
1
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Talk ChainIntroduction
2
The Tangle
Unconfirmed Transactions
Parasite Chain Attack
Conclusion
![Page 3: The graph of transactions in the IOTA cryptocurrency graph of...ref to block 1 Block of data 3 ref to block 2. Introduction The Tangle 5 Problem It does not scale. Introduction The](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071016/5fceed8820194c49ab7c1da5/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The TangleIntroduction
3
Data is distributed :
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The TangleIntroduction
3
Data is distributed :no single point of failure
![Page 5: The graph of transactions in the IOTA cryptocurrency graph of...ref to block 1 Block of data 3 ref to block 2. Introduction The Tangle 5 Problem It does not scale. Introduction The](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071016/5fceed8820194c49ab7c1da5/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
The TangleIntroduction
3
Data is distributed :no single point of failureno central Authority
![Page 6: The graph of transactions in the IOTA cryptocurrency graph of...ref to block 1 Block of data 3 ref to block 2. Introduction The Tangle 5 Problem It does not scale. Introduction The](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071016/5fceed8820194c49ab7c1da5/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
The TangleIntroduction
3
Data is distributed :no single point of failureno central Authorityno need to trust the others
![Page 7: The graph of transactions in the IOTA cryptocurrency graph of...ref to block 1 Block of data 3 ref to block 2. Introduction The Tangle 5 Problem It does not scale. Introduction The](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071016/5fceed8820194c49ab7c1da5/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
The TangleIntroduction
3
Data is distributed :no single point of failureno central Authorityno need to trust the others
I want to add some data
![Page 8: The graph of transactions in the IOTA cryptocurrency graph of...ref to block 1 Block of data 3 ref to block 2. Introduction The Tangle 5 Problem It does not scale. Introduction The](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071016/5fceed8820194c49ab7c1da5/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
The TangleIntroduction
4
Blockchain:
Block of data 1 Block of data 2
ref to block 1
Block of data 3
ref to block 2
![Page 9: The graph of transactions in the IOTA cryptocurrency graph of...ref to block 1 Block of data 3 ref to block 2. Introduction The Tangle 5 Problem It does not scale. Introduction The](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071016/5fceed8820194c49ab7c1da5/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
The TangleIntroduction
4
Basic principle of the Bitcoin Protocol :
Blockchain:
Block of data 1 Block of data 2
ref to block 1
Block of data 3
ref to block 2
![Page 10: The graph of transactions in the IOTA cryptocurrency graph of...ref to block 1 Block of data 3 ref to block 2. Introduction The Tangle 5 Problem It does not scale. Introduction The](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071016/5fceed8820194c49ab7c1da5/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
The TangleIntroduction
4
Basic principle of the Bitcoin Protocol : - Choose randomly one node
Blockchain:
Block of data 1 Block of data 2
ref to block 1
Block of data 3
ref to block 2
![Page 11: The graph of transactions in the IOTA cryptocurrency graph of...ref to block 1 Block of data 3 ref to block 2. Introduction The Tangle 5 Problem It does not scale. Introduction The](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071016/5fceed8820194c49ab7c1da5/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
The TangleIntroduction
4
Basic principle of the Bitcoin Protocol : - Choose randomly one node
The more computing power, the more chance you have to be selected
Blockchain:
Block of data 1 Block of data 2
ref to block 1
Block of data 3
ref to block 2
![Page 12: The graph of transactions in the IOTA cryptocurrency graph of...ref to block 1 Block of data 3 ref to block 2. Introduction The Tangle 5 Problem It does not scale. Introduction The](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071016/5fceed8820194c49ab7c1da5/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
The TangleIntroduction
4
Basic principle of the Bitcoin Protocol : - Choose randomly one node- This node decides what to write in the Blockchain
The more computing power, the more chance you have to be selected
Blockchain:
Block of data 1 Block of data 2
ref to block 1
Block of data 3
ref to block 2
![Page 13: The graph of transactions in the IOTA cryptocurrency graph of...ref to block 1 Block of data 3 ref to block 2. Introduction The Tangle 5 Problem It does not scale. Introduction The](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071016/5fceed8820194c49ab7c1da5/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
The TangleIntroduction
5
ProblemIt does not scale
![Page 14: The graph of transactions in the IOTA cryptocurrency graph of...ref to block 1 Block of data 3 ref to block 2. Introduction The Tangle 5 Problem It does not scale. Introduction The](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071016/5fceed8820194c49ab7c1da5/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
The TangleIntroduction
5
ProblemIt does not scale
![Page 15: The graph of transactions in the IOTA cryptocurrency graph of...ref to block 1 Block of data 3 ref to block 2. Introduction The Tangle 5 Problem It does not scale. Introduction The](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071016/5fceed8820194c49ab7c1da5/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
The Tangle Unconfirmed TransactionsIntroduction
6
The Tangle (IOTA)
![Page 16: The graph of transactions in the IOTA cryptocurrency graph of...ref to block 1 Block of data 3 ref to block 2. Introduction The Tangle 5 Problem It does not scale. Introduction The](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071016/5fceed8820194c49ab7c1da5/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
The Tangle Unconfirmed TransactionsIntroduction
6
The Tangle (IOTA)
Each transaction is a small block that reference two previous ones
![Page 17: The graph of transactions in the IOTA cryptocurrency graph of...ref to block 1 Block of data 3 ref to block 2. Introduction The Tangle 5 Problem It does not scale. Introduction The](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071016/5fceed8820194c49ab7c1da5/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
The Tangle Unconfirmed TransactionsIntroduction
6
The Tangle (IOTA)
Each transaction is a small block that reference two previous ones
![Page 18: The graph of transactions in the IOTA cryptocurrency graph of...ref to block 1 Block of data 3 ref to block 2. Introduction The Tangle 5 Problem It does not scale. Introduction The](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071016/5fceed8820194c49ab7c1da5/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
The Tangle Unconfirmed TransactionsIntroduction
6
The Tangle (IOTA)
Each transaction is a small block that reference two previous ones
You come up with a DAG (Directed Acyclic Graph)
![Page 19: The graph of transactions in the IOTA cryptocurrency graph of...ref to block 1 Block of data 3 ref to block 2. Introduction The Tangle 5 Problem It does not scale. Introduction The](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071016/5fceed8820194c49ab7c1da5/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
The Tangle Unconfirmed TransactionsIntroduction
6
The Tangle (IOTA)
Each transaction is a small block that reference two previous ones
You come up with a DAG (Directed Acyclic Graph)
You’re only limited by bandwidth and storage
![Page 20: The graph of transactions in the IOTA cryptocurrency graph of...ref to block 1 Block of data 3 ref to block 2. Introduction The Tangle 5 Problem It does not scale. Introduction The](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071016/5fceed8820194c49ab7c1da5/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
The Tangle Unconfirmed TransactionsIntroduction
7
The Tangle (IOTA)
Each transaction is a small block that reference two previous ones
sites
![Page 21: The graph of transactions in the IOTA cryptocurrency graph of...ref to block 1 Block of data 3 ref to block 2. Introduction The Tangle 5 Problem It does not scale. Introduction The](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071016/5fceed8820194c49ab7c1da5/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
The Tangle Unconfirmed TransactionsIntroduction
7
The Tangle (IOTA)
Each transaction is a small block that reference two previous ones
sites
tips (unconfirmed sites)
![Page 22: The graph of transactions in the IOTA cryptocurrency graph of...ref to block 1 Block of data 3 ref to block 2. Introduction The Tangle 5 Problem It does not scale. Introduction The](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071016/5fceed8820194c49ab7c1da5/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
The Tangle Unconfirmed TransactionsIntroduction
7
The Tangle (IOTA)
Each transaction is a small block that reference two previous ones
sites
tips (unconfirmed sites)
A new site and its parents should not create conflicts.
![Page 23: The graph of transactions in the IOTA cryptocurrency graph of...ref to block 1 Block of data 3 ref to block 2. Introduction The Tangle 5 Problem It does not scale. Introduction The](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071016/5fceed8820194c49ab7c1da5/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
The Tangle Unconfirmed TransactionsIntroduction
8
The Tangle (IOTA)
How to read a value?
![Page 24: The graph of transactions in the IOTA cryptocurrency graph of...ref to block 1 Block of data 3 ref to block 2. Introduction The Tangle 5 Problem It does not scale. Introduction The](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071016/5fceed8820194c49ab7c1da5/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
The Tangle Unconfirmed TransactionsIntroduction
9
The Tangle (IOTA)
How to read a value?
If you take a tip, you can order transactions and do the same as in a blockchain
![Page 25: The graph of transactions in the IOTA cryptocurrency graph of...ref to block 1 Block of data 3 ref to block 2. Introduction The Tangle 5 Problem It does not scale. Introduction The](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071016/5fceed8820194c49ab7c1da5/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
The Tangle Unconfirmed TransactionsIntroduction
10
The Tangle (IOTA)
What if tips are conflicting?
A new site cannot confirm conflicting sites
How to read a value?
![Page 26: The graph of transactions in the IOTA cryptocurrency graph of...ref to block 1 Block of data 3 ref to block 2. Introduction The Tangle 5 Problem It does not scale. Introduction The](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071016/5fceed8820194c49ab7c1da5/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
The Tangle Unconfirmed TransactionsIntroduction
11
The Tangle (IOTA)
What if tips are conflicting?
How to read a value?
Two conflicting tangles can appear
Which one is correct?
![Page 27: The graph of transactions in the IOTA cryptocurrency graph of...ref to block 1 Block of data 3 ref to block 2. Introduction The Tangle 5 Problem It does not scale. Introduction The](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071016/5fceed8820194c49ab7c1da5/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
The Tangle Unconfirmed TransactionsIntroduction
12
The Tangle (IOTA)
Tip Selection Algorithm (TSA):- so we know how to read values- so we know where to extend the Tangle
![Page 28: The graph of transactions in the IOTA cryptocurrency graph of...ref to block 1 Block of data 3 ref to block 2. Introduction The Tangle 5 Problem It does not scale. Introduction The](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071016/5fceed8820194c49ab7c1da5/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
The Tangle Unconfirmed TransactionsIntroduction
12
The Tangle (IOTA)
Tip Selection Algorithm (TSA):- so we know how to read values- so we know where to extend the Tangle
In Bitcoin, we read values from, and we try to extend, the longest chain. If you don’t follow this, you’ll lose money.
![Page 29: The graph of transactions in the IOTA cryptocurrency graph of...ref to block 1 Block of data 3 ref to block 2. Introduction The Tangle 5 Problem It does not scale. Introduction The](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071016/5fceed8820194c49ab7c1da5/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
The Tangle Unconfirmed TransactionsIntroduction
13
The Tangle (IOTA)
In the Tangle, forks are ok if not conflicting
![Page 30: The graph of transactions in the IOTA cryptocurrency graph of...ref to block 1 Block of data 3 ref to block 2. Introduction The Tangle 5 Problem It does not scale. Introduction The](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071016/5fceed8820194c49ab7c1da5/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
The Tangle Unconfirmed TransactionsIntroduction
13
The Tangle (IOTA)
In the Tangle, forks are ok if not conflicting
But conflicting forks are worst in this case
![Page 31: The graph of transactions in the IOTA cryptocurrency graph of...ref to block 1 Block of data 3 ref to block 2. Introduction The Tangle 5 Problem It does not scale. Introduction The](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071016/5fceed8820194c49ab7c1da5/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
The Tangle Unconfirmed TransactionsIntroduction
13
The Tangle (IOTA)
In the Tangle, forks are ok if not conflicting
But conflicting forks are worst in this case
![Page 32: The graph of transactions in the IOTA cryptocurrency graph of...ref to block 1 Block of data 3 ref to block 2. Introduction The Tangle 5 Problem It does not scale. Introduction The](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071016/5fceed8820194c49ab7c1da5/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
The Tangle Unconfirmed TransactionsIntroduction
14
The Tangle (IOTA)
In the Tangle, forks are ok if not conflicting
So its better to have something like this
![Page 33: The graph of transactions in the IOTA cryptocurrency graph of...ref to block 1 Block of data 3 ref to block 2. Introduction The Tangle 5 Problem It does not scale. Introduction The](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071016/5fceed8820194c49ab7c1da5/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
The Tangle Unconfirmed TransactionsIntroduction
15
The Tangle (IOTA)
![Page 34: The graph of transactions in the IOTA cryptocurrency graph of...ref to block 1 Block of data 3 ref to block 2. Introduction The Tangle 5 Problem It does not scale. Introduction The](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071016/5fceed8820194c49ab7c1da5/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
The Tangle Unconfirmed TransactionsIntroduction
15
The Tangle (IOTA)
Should be chosen with higher probability
![Page 35: The graph of transactions in the IOTA cryptocurrency graph of...ref to block 1 Block of data 3 ref to block 2. Introduction The Tangle 5 Problem It does not scale. Introduction The](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071016/5fceed8820194c49ab7c1da5/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
The Tangle Unconfirmed TransactionsIntroduction
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The Tangle (IOTA)Compute cumulative weight to each site
![Page 36: The graph of transactions in the IOTA cryptocurrency graph of...ref to block 1 Block of data 3 ref to block 2. Introduction The Tangle 5 Problem It does not scale. Introduction The](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071016/5fceed8820194c49ab7c1da5/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
The Tangle Unconfirmed TransactionsIntroduction
16
The Tangle (IOTA)Compute cumulative weight to each site
1
1
1
2
6
3
35
8
6
1
11
12
8
15
![Page 37: The graph of transactions in the IOTA cryptocurrency graph of...ref to block 1 Block of data 3 ref to block 2. Introduction The Tangle 5 Problem It does not scale. Introduction The](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071016/5fceed8820194c49ab7c1da5/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
The Tangle Unconfirmed TransactionsIntroduction
16
The Tangle (IOTA)Compute cumulative weight to each site
1
1
1
2
6
3
35
8
6
1
11
12
8
15
Perform a random walk
![Page 38: The graph of transactions in the IOTA cryptocurrency graph of...ref to block 1 Block of data 3 ref to block 2. Introduction The Tangle 5 Problem It does not scale. Introduction The](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071016/5fceed8820194c49ab7c1da5/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
The Tangle Unconfirmed TransactionsIntroduction
16
The Tangle (IOTA)Compute cumulative weight to each site
1
1
1
2
6
3
35
8
6
1
11
12
8
15
Perform a random walk
![Page 39: The graph of transactions in the IOTA cryptocurrency graph of...ref to block 1 Block of data 3 ref to block 2. Introduction The Tangle 5 Problem It does not scale. Introduction The](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071016/5fceed8820194c49ab7c1da5/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
The Tangle Unconfirmed TransactionsIntroduction
17
The Tangle (IOTA)Compute cumulative weight to each site
11
12
15
Perform a random walk
![Page 40: The graph of transactions in the IOTA cryptocurrency graph of...ref to block 1 Block of data 3 ref to block 2. Introduction The Tangle 5 Problem It does not scale. Introduction The](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071016/5fceed8820194c49ab7c1da5/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
The Tangle Unconfirmed TransactionsIntroduction
17
The Tangle (IOTA)Compute cumulative weight to each site
11
12
15
Perform a random walk
![Page 41: The graph of transactions in the IOTA cryptocurrency graph of...ref to block 1 Block of data 3 ref to block 2. Introduction The Tangle 5 Problem It does not scale. Introduction The](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071016/5fceed8820194c49ab7c1da5/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
The Tangle Unconfirmed TransactionsIntroduction
17
The Tangle (IOTA)Compute cumulative weight to each site
11
12
15
Perform a random walk
4
3
![Page 42: The graph of transactions in the IOTA cryptocurrency graph of...ref to block 1 Block of data 3 ref to block 2. Introduction The Tangle 5 Problem It does not scale. Introduction The](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071016/5fceed8820194c49ab7c1da5/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
The Tangle Unconfirmed TransactionsIntroduction
17
The Tangle (IOTA)Compute cumulative weight to each site
11
12
15
Perform a random walk
Transition function:
4
3
![Page 43: The graph of transactions in the IOTA cryptocurrency graph of...ref to block 1 Block of data 3 ref to block 2. Introduction The Tangle 5 Problem It does not scale. Introduction The](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071016/5fceed8820194c49ab7c1da5/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
The Tangle Unconfirmed TransactionsIntroduction
17
The Tangle (IOTA)Compute cumulative weight to each site
11
12
15
Perform a random walk
Transition function:
4
3
MCMC
![Page 44: The graph of transactions in the IOTA cryptocurrency graph of...ref to block 1 Block of data 3 ref to block 2. Introduction The Tangle 5 Problem It does not scale. Introduction The](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071016/5fceed8820194c49ab7c1da5/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
The Tangle Unconfirmed TransactionsIntroduction
17
The Tangle (IOTA)Compute cumulative weight to each site
11
12
15
Perform a random walk
Transition function:
4
3
LMCMCMCMC
![Page 45: The graph of transactions in the IOTA cryptocurrency graph of...ref to block 1 Block of data 3 ref to block 2. Introduction The Tangle 5 Problem It does not scale. Introduction The](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071016/5fceed8820194c49ab7c1da5/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
The Tangle Unconfirmed Transactions Parasite Chain Attack
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How many tips are left behind ?
![Page 46: The graph of transactions in the IOTA cryptocurrency graph of...ref to block 1 Block of data 3 ref to block 2. Introduction The Tangle 5 Problem It does not scale. Introduction The](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071016/5fceed8820194c49ab7c1da5/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
The Tangle Unconfirmed Transactions Parasite Chain Attack
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How many tips over the time ?
How many tips are left behind ?
![Page 47: The graph of transactions in the IOTA cryptocurrency graph of...ref to block 1 Block of data 3 ref to block 2. Introduction The Tangle 5 Problem It does not scale. Introduction The](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071016/5fceed8820194c49ab7c1da5/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
The Tangle Unconfirmed Transactions Parasite Chain Attack
18
How many tips over the time ?
How many tips are left behind ?
![Page 48: The graph of transactions in the IOTA cryptocurrency graph of...ref to block 1 Block of data 3 ref to block 2. Introduction The Tangle 5 Problem It does not scale. Introduction The](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071016/5fceed8820194c49ab7c1da5/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
The Tangle Unconfirmed Transactions Parasite Chain Attack
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How many tips over the time ?
How many tips are left behind ?
![Page 49: The graph of transactions in the IOTA cryptocurrency graph of...ref to block 1 Block of data 3 ref to block 2. Introduction The Tangle 5 Problem It does not scale. Introduction The](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071016/5fceed8820194c49ab7c1da5/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
The Tangle Unconfirmed Transactions Parasite Chain Attack
20
How many tips over the time ?
How many tips are left behind ?
![Page 50: The graph of transactions in the IOTA cryptocurrency graph of...ref to block 1 Block of data 3 ref to block 2. Introduction The Tangle 5 Problem It does not scale. Introduction The](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071016/5fceed8820194c49ab7c1da5/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
The Tangle Unconfirmed Transactions Parasite Chain Attack
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![Page 51: The graph of transactions in the IOTA cryptocurrency graph of...ref to block 1 Block of data 3 ref to block 2. Introduction The Tangle 5 Problem It does not scale. Introduction The](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071016/5fceed8820194c49ab7c1da5/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
The Tangle Unconfirmed Transactions Parasite Chain Attack
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How many tips are left behind ?
![Page 52: The graph of transactions in the IOTA cryptocurrency graph of...ref to block 1 Block of data 3 ref to block 2. Introduction The Tangle 5 Problem It does not scale. Introduction The](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071016/5fceed8820194c49ab7c1da5/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
The Tangle Unconfirmed Transactions Parasite Chain Attack
21
How many tips are left behind ?
- theoretical analysis, assuming random tip selection
![Page 53: The graph of transactions in the IOTA cryptocurrency graph of...ref to block 1 Block of data 3 ref to block 2. Introduction The Tangle 5 Problem It does not scale. Introduction The](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071016/5fceed8820194c49ab7c1da5/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
The Tangle Unconfirmed Transactions Parasite Chain Attack
21
How many tips are left behind ?
- theoretical analysis, assuming random tip selection- by simulation, for other tip selection
![Page 54: The graph of transactions in the IOTA cryptocurrency graph of...ref to block 1 Block of data 3 ref to block 2. Introduction The Tangle 5 Problem It does not scale. Introduction The](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071016/5fceed8820194c49ab7c1da5/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
The Tangle Unconfirmed Transactions Parasite Chain Attack
22
Theoretical analysis, assuming random tip selection
Discrete time model. At each round: Poisson(𝝀) new sites
![Page 55: The graph of transactions in the IOTA cryptocurrency graph of...ref to block 1 Block of data 3 ref to block 2. Introduction The Tangle 5 Problem It does not scale. Introduction The](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071016/5fceed8820194c49ab7c1da5/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
The Tangle Unconfirmed Transactions Parasite Chain Attack
23
Discrete time model. At each round: Poisson(𝝀) new sites
Theoretical analysis, assuming random tip selection
![Page 56: The graph of transactions in the IOTA cryptocurrency graph of...ref to block 1 Block of data 3 ref to block 2. Introduction The Tangle 5 Problem It does not scale. Introduction The](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071016/5fceed8820194c49ab7c1da5/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
The Tangle Unconfirmed Transactions Parasite Chain Attack
24
Discrete time model. At each round: Poisson(𝝀) new sites
Theoretical analysis, assuming random tip selection
![Page 57: The graph of transactions in the IOTA cryptocurrency graph of...ref to block 1 Block of data 3 ref to block 2. Introduction The Tangle 5 Problem It does not scale. Introduction The](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071016/5fceed8820194c49ab7c1da5/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
The Tangle Unconfirmed Transactions Necessary Security Assumption
25
Theoretical analysis, assuming random tip selection
![Page 58: The graph of transactions in the IOTA cryptocurrency graph of...ref to block 1 Block of data 3 ref to block 2. Introduction The Tangle 5 Problem It does not scale. Introduction The](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071016/5fceed8820194c49ab7c1da5/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
The Tangle Unconfirmed Transactions Necessary Security Assumption
25
Theoretical analysis, assuming random tip selection
![Page 59: The graph of transactions in the IOTA cryptocurrency graph of...ref to block 1 Block of data 3 ref to block 2. Introduction The Tangle 5 Problem It does not scale. Introduction The](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071016/5fceed8820194c49ab7c1da5/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
The Tangle Unconfirmed Transactions Necessary Security Assumption
25
Theoretical analysis, assuming random tip selection
![Page 60: The graph of transactions in the IOTA cryptocurrency graph of...ref to block 1 Block of data 3 ref to block 2. Introduction The Tangle 5 Problem It does not scale. Introduction The](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071016/5fceed8820194c49ab7c1da5/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
The Tangle Unconfirmed Transactions Necessary Security Assumption
25
Theoretical analysis, assuming random tip selection
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Theoretical analysis, assuming random tip selection
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Theoretical analysis, assuming random tip selection
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Theoretical analysis, assuming random tip selection
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Theoretical analysis, assuming random tip selection
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By simulation, for other tip selection
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By simulation, for other tip selection
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By simulation, for other tip selection
number of tips
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Double Spending Attack
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Double Spending Attack Alice send 10 IOTA to Bob for a sandwich
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Double Spending Attack Alice send 10 IOTA to Bob for a sandwichBob waits to see the transaction in the Tangle
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Double Spending Attack Alice send 10 IOTA to Bob for a sandwichBob waits to see the transaction in the TangleBob gives Alice the sandwich
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Double Spending Attack Alice send 10 IOTA to Bob for a sandwichBob waits to see the transaction in the TangleBob gives Alice the sandwichAlice generates a lots of transactions so that her first transaction is discarded
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Double Spending Attack Alice send 10 IOTA to Bob for a sandwichBob waits to see the transaction in the TangleBob gives Alice the sandwichAlice generates a lots of transactions so that her first transaction is discardedAlice eats the sandwich
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The parasite chain attack
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The parasite chain attack
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The parasite chain attack
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The parasite chain attack
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Theoretical analysis
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Theoretical analysisSimulations
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Theoretical analysis
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Theoretical analysis
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Theoretical analysis
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An attack is possible if hashing power of the adversary hashing power used by the all nodes.
An attack is possible if hashing power of the adversary hashing power of the all nodes
if all the honest nodes constantly generates new sites
Theorem
Corollary
Theoretical analysis
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How many red site so that:
By simulation
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Conclusion
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Conclusion
The Tangle (Theoretical Protocol) : Security based on PoW IOTA (Current Implementation) : Central coordinator
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Conclusion
How to attach the parasite chain?
The Tangle (Theoretical Protocol) : Security based on PoW IOTA (Current Implementation) : Central coordinator
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Conclusion
Number of tips Resistance to parasite chain attack
How to attach the parasite chain?
The Tangle (Theoretical Protocol) : Security based on PoW IOTA (Current Implementation) : Central coordinator