the gossip calibrator for the atlas muon spectrometer
DESCRIPTION
The GOSSIP Calibrator for the ATLAS Muon Spectrometer. Harry van der Graaf ATLAS/Detector R & D Nikhef, Amsterdam ATLAS Muon Week CERN, Geneva, Jan 30, 2008. Summary: - We have developed a new (gaseous) tracking detector - This detector potentially outperforms Si trackers due to: - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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The GOSSIP Calibratorfor the
ATLAS Muon Spectrometer
Harry van der GraafATLAS/Detector R & D
Nikhef, Amsterdam
ATLAS Muon WeekCERN, Geneva, Jan 30, 2008
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Summary:
- We have developed a new (gaseous) tracking detector
- This detector potentially outperforms Si trackers due to:- low mass- low power consumption (thus mass)- radiation hardness
and is therefore an interesting candidate for the ATLAS SCT Upgrade
- We would like to demonstrate the new detector in ATLAS
- It would be useful to have an independent Muon Calibrator in the ATLAS Muon Spectrometer [MUST (Schuller, Virchaut)!]
- We propose to construct & install a GOSSIP Muon Calibrator
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Si (vertex) track detector GOSSIP
CMOS chip
Si [depletion] layer
Vbias
• Si strip detectors• Si pixel detectors• MAPs• CCDs
Gas: 1 mm as detection medium99 % chance to have at least 1 e-
Gas amplification ~ 1000:
Single electron sensitive
All signals arrive within 20 ns
Cluster3
Cathode (drift) plane
Integrated Grid (InGrid)
Cluster2
Cluster1
Slimmed Silicon Readout chipInput pixel
1mm,100V
50um, 400V
50um
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Wafer post-processing:InGrid
InGrid: an Integrated Grid on Si (wafers or chips)
• perfect alignment of grid holes and pixel pads• small pillars Ø, hidden pillars, full pixel area coverage• Sub-micron precision: homogeneity• Monolithic readout device: integrated electron amplifier
Grids
Silicon wafer
HV biasing
Hex / Pillars
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Full post-processing of a TimePix• Timepix chip + Micromegas mesh:
• Timepix chip + SiProt + Ingrid:
Moiré effects
+ pillars
“Uniform”MESA+
IMT Neuchatel
CERN
Charge mode
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Full post-processing of a TimePix• Timepix chip + SiProt + Ingrid:
“Uniform”
MESA+
IMT Neuchatel
Charge mode
14 mm
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A “scratch” occurred during the construction of Ingrid;
Loose parts removed. Ingrid working!
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New InGrid developments and results• Process improvement: grids much
flatter– Extremely good energy resolution:
13.6 % FWHM with 55Fe in P10– Removal of Kβ 6.5 keV line:
11.7 % @ 5.9 keV in P10– With F=0.17 and Ne = 229
gain fluctuation ~ 0.5
• New wafer masks:hole pitches down to 20 μmwith various diameters and gaps– Investigate Micromegas geometry– Test of the ion backflow theory feasible
• Until now: 1 μm thin Albut can now be increased to 5 μm by electrolysisExpect less damaged from sparks
Kα escapeKβ escape
13.6 % FWHM
Kβ-filtered spectrum with Cr foil
11.7% FWHM
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setup
Next-1,2
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A “long” cosmic track
Timepix +
20 μm thick Siprot
+
Ingrid
Drifttime (bin = 10 ns)
Stable operation in He iC4H10
10 mm
cathode @ - 1500 V 14 mm
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Cosmic rays in Argon
Time mode
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Gossip: replacement of Si tracker
Essential: thin gas layer (1.2 mm)
1.2 mm
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GOSSIP-Brico: PSI-46 (CMS Pixel FE chip)First prototype of GOSSIP on a PSI46 is working:
• 1.2 mm drift gap• Grid signal used as trigger• 30 µm layer of SiProt
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Animated GIF of 100 hits on the PSI46 brico, 30µm SiProt.(if this does not animate, drop the picture into a web browser)
8m
m
7.8mm
We can see tracks!(Frame # 17 is really great)
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Tracking sensor material: gas versus Si- it is light
- primary electrons can simply be multiplied: gas amplification: low power
- no bias current: low power & simple FE circuits
- gas can be exchanged: no radiation damage of sensor
- gas has a low εr: with small voxels the source capacity can be small (10 fF) allowing fast, low-noise, and low-power preamps
- gas is usually cheap
- low sensitive for neutron and X-ray background
- δ-rays can be recognized
- [high ion & electron mobility: fast signals, high count rates are possible]
- discharges/sparks: readout system should be spark proof- ageing: must be solved and must be understood / under control- diffusion: limits max. drift length
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Un-coated anode
Coated anode
SiProt: a low T deposited hydrogenated amorphous silicon (aSi:H) layer
Up to 50 μm thick films, ~1011 Ω.cm
SiProt protection against:
• hot spark plasma• Too large charge in pixel circuitry [principle of RPCs]
• local reduction of E-field: quenching• widening discharge funnel: signal dilution• increased distance of ‘influention’
3 µm
TimePix chip
InGrid
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Final assessment: spark-proofness
• Provoke discharges by introducing small amount of Thorium in the Ar gas– Thorium decays to Radon 222 which emits 2 alphas of 6.3 & 6.8 MeV– Depose on average 2.5.105 & 2.7.105 e- in Ar/iC4H10 80/20
at -420 V on the grid, likely to trigger discharges
Since 1 week, some 5.104 alpha events recordedin 1% of which …
Charge mode
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Qmax ~ 1 – 2 fC
Chip may die if Qmax > 10 fC
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… discharges are observed !
For the 1st time: image of discharges are being recorded
Round-shaped pattern of some 100 overflow pixels
Perturbations in the concerned column pixels– Threshold– Power
Chip keeps working
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Discharge signals on grid directly measured on scope
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proportional signalsfrom alfas discharges
- CMOS chips are no longer destroyed
- discharges in gas proportional chambers are hard to exclude
- SiProt makes chips spark proof
- This a-Si layer may be useful for the ATLAS Muon ‘Micromegas’ upgrade: charge spread widening over anode pads
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Demo Movie: ‘Helix event’
B = 0.2 TeslaGas: He Isobutane 77/23Irradiation with beta’s from 90Sr: endpoint 2.5 MeV
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Ageing
Radiation damage of CMOS pixel chip is relevant- common for all tracking detectors- believed to widthstand ATLAS Upgrade Dose in 90 nm technology
Radiation damage of sensor: not relevant for Gossip sensor since this is gas being exchanged
Typical for gaseous detectors: the deposit of an (insulating) polymeron the electrodes of a detector. Decrease of signal amplitude
Little ageing expected:- little primary ionisation (~ 10 e-/track)- low gas gain (500 – 1000)- large anode surface (compare pixel anode plane with surface of thin wire)- E-field at flat anode ~3 lower than E-field at anode wire
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Linear fitI = I0 + a.ta = -0.5932=> a/I2 = 0.0183
av current = 5.9 A=> total charge deposited = 5.9*3600*24*4 = 2.55 Csurface 0.49 cm2
=> 5.2 C/cm2
assume: drift distance 1 mm Ar/CH4 having 9e-/mm=> 1 mip = 9*1000*1.6*10-19
= 1.44 10-15Cdeposited charge corresponds to3.6 1015 mips/cm2
X ray irradiation at PANalytical (detail)
Time
14-M
ay-0
5
16-M
ay-0
5
18-M
ay-0
5
I cath
(A
)
0
2
4
6
8
Icath
1/x fit
3.6x1015 mips/cm2@ gain = 1000
gas: standard Ar/Methane 90/10. Deposit containing C found on anode
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set up ageing test
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Gossip 23Nov 28Ar/iC4H10 70/30
Particle flux: 1.6 GHz
Gossip ageing using mips from 90Sr source
Time (days)
0 5 10 15 20 25
I cent
re (
nA)
0
50
100
150
200
G = 1000 G = 1000
Fluence (mips/cm2)
0 1e+15 2e+15 3e+15
switch fromVgrid = -635 to -640 V
little ageing in Argon/IsobutaneBut: HV breakdown after 3 x 1015 MIPs
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Upgraded SCT: Gossip could replace:
- Pixel vertex detector: Gossip- Si Strip detectors: replace by Gossip Strixel detectors- TRT: use Gossip as tracker/TR X-ray detector
Essentials:
- power dissipation: 60 mW/cm2
- intrinsic mass: 0.1 % radiation length- low cost: 10 $ / cm2
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- Ladder strings fixed to end cones- Integration of beam pipe, end cones & pixel vertex detector- 5 double layers seems feasible
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Stainless steel tube: - string- power- CO2 cooling
Gossip chip + InGriddrift gapcathode foil
ladder cross sectiondata lines (Cu/kapton)
casted aluminium
ladder side view
ladder top view
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Upgraded SCT: Gossip/GridPix could replace:
- Pixel vertex detector: Gossip- Si Strip detectors: replace by Gossip Strixel detectors- TRT: use GridPix as tracker/TR X-ray detector
strixels/strips
preamp channels
Essentials:
- power dissipation: 1/16 x 60 mW/cm2 = 4 mW/cm2
now:25 mW/cm2
- intrinsic mass: 0.1 % radiation length- low cost: 10 $ / cm2
~ 20 mm
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Upgraded Tracker: Gossip could replace:
- Pixel vertex detector: Gossip- Si Strip detectors: replace by Gossip Strixel detectors- TRT: use Gossip with 17 mm Xe layer
as tracker/TR X-ray detector
Essential:- high position-resolution tracker throughout tracker- low mass, low cost detector- Efficient TRD possible
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L=30 mm
0.05 mm
V0 V1
Anatoli Romaniouk, Serguei Morozov, Serguei KonovalovMartin Fransen, Fred Hartjes, Max Chefdeville, Victor Blanco Carballo
Transition Radiator
Testbeam Nov 5 – 12, 2007PS/T9: electrons and pions, 1 – 15 GeV/c
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Samples pions (left) and electrons (right)
Particle Identification
6 GeV/c
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5 (double) layer Gossip Pixel
4 layer Gossip Strixel
3 layers Gossip TRT
radiator
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Conclusions and plans
• Gossip has shown to work with the PSI-46 CMS Pixel FE chip• With a 20 µm SiProt layer, CMOS chips are spark proof
Next steps:• Build from PSI-46 + SiProt + InGrid
– Demo ‘beam telescope’: testbeam work– ATLAS Muon Calibrator– Demo B-layer: to be installed in hot spot in ATLAS near beam pipe
• Gas ageing studies: testing Si containing compounds (SiO2, SiH4, SiCnHm)
• In framework of CERN R&D project RD51 (kick-off Worshop @ Nikhef April 2008)– Simulations– Development of general purpose GridPix chip TimePix-2
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GOSSIP-Brico: PSI-46 (CMS Pixel FE chip)First prototype of GOSSIP on a PSI46 is working:
• 1.2 mm drift gap• Grid signal used as trigger• 30 µm layer of SiProt
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ATLAS MUON
Projective extension plate design / BML common support
The worst case is on HV side :
Lens bloc from Nikhef
Aluminium profile glued (+ 1 rivet)
Extension plate
Projective platform
2 Holes for common support screws
BML HV common support
Cutting out
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RASNIK systems in the ATLAS Muon Spectrometer
Muon Calibrator
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Gas inHVpowerdata
1 NIMcrateeq.
Ethernet
GasAr/CO2
20 m
Could we implement this GOSSIP Calibrator ‘GOSCAL’ into the ATLAS Muon Spectrometer?
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NIKHEFHarry van der Graaf, Max Chefdeville, Fred Hartjes, Jan Timmermans, Jan Visschers, Marten Bosma, Martin Fransen, Yevgen Bilevych,Wim Gotink, Joop Rovekamp, Lucie de Nooy
University of TwenteCora Salm, Joost Melai, Jurriaan Schmitz, Sander Smits,Victor Blanco Carballo
University of Nijmegen Michael Rogers, Thei Wijnen, Adriaan Konig, Jan Dijkema,
Nicolo de Groot
CEA/DAPNIA SaclayD. Attié, P. Colas, I. Giomataris
CERNM. Campbell, X. Llopart
University of Neuchatel/MTINicolas Wyrsch
Czech Tech. Univ. Prague, PrahaPixelman: T. Holy et al.