The Gospel acc. to John

Selected Texts

Catholic Bible Institute Felix Just, S.J., Ph.D. – Loyola Institute for Spirituality

John’s Gospel in Music

That You May Have Life: Musical Stories from the Gospel of John Marty Haugen; GIA, 2005 Lyrics on Fr. Just’s Website:

http://catholic-resources.org/Bible/Music-Haugen.htm Copyright Restricted Access

Username: “student”Password: “scripture”

Selected Texts John 1 John 2 John 6 John 4 / 9 / 11

John 13–17 John 18–19 John 20 John 21

Literary Structures Chiasm

Greek letter Chi (shaped “X”): look at left side only

Ancient rhetorical style: helps in memorizing texts

First & second halves balanced: in reverse order

Highlight/Climax in the Middle: not like today, at end

ABA; ABCBA; ABCDCBA; ABCDEDCBA; etc.

Johannine Prologue (John 1:1-18) Most important verse in common opinion: v. 14? Central verse/theme in chiasitic analysis?

The Johannine Prologue (John 1:1-18)

A) 1-2: The Divine Word was with God eternally

B) 3: All things came into being through him (the Word)

C) 4-5: In him was life and light, which darkness did not overcome

D) 6-8: [John was not the light, but came to testify about the light]

E) 9-10: The True Light was in the world, but the world did not recognize him

F) 11: He came into his own realm, but his own people did not accept him

G) 12: THOSE WHO DO BELIEVE IN HIM BECOME CHILDREN OF GOD

F’) 13: These believers are not ordinary human offspring but are born of God

E’) 14: The Incarnate Word reveals God’s glory, full of grace and truth

D’) 15: [John testified about the priority of the one coming after him]

C’) 16: Out of his (the Word’s) fullness, we all received grace upon grace

B’) 17: Grace and truth came into being through Jesus Christ

A’) 18: The only-begotten Son has revealed God

Johann Christoph Weigel, 1695

John 1:1 John 1:14

The Prologue – A & A’

A 1 In origin was the Word, and the Word was toward [the] God, and god/deity/God was the Word. 2 This one was in origin toward [the] God.

A' 18 No one has seen God ever.The only-begotten God [or Son], the one existing in the bosom/lap of the Father, that one has revealed [him].

The Prologue – B & B’

B 3 All things through him came into being,and without him came into being not one thing.

B' 17 Because the law through Moses was given; the grace and the truth through Jesus Christ came into being.

The Prologue – C & C’

C What has come into being 4 in him was life,and the life was the light of humans;5 and the light in the darkness shines,and the darkness did not overcome it.

C‘ 16 Because out of his fullness we all received,even grace upon/from grace.

The Prologue – D & D’

D 6 There was human sent from God; his name was John.7 He came in testimony, so that he might testify about the light, so that all might come to believe through him. 8 He was not the light, but […] so that he might testify about the light.

D' 15 John is testifying to him and has cried out, saying,“This was the one of whom I said,The one coming after me came into being before mebecause he was prior to me.

The Prologue – E & E’E 9 The true light,

which enlightens every human,was coming into the world. 10 He was in the world, and the world through him came into being,and the world did not recognize him.

E' 14 And the Word became flesh, and tented among us, and we have seen his glory, glory like an only-begotten [child] of the father,full of grace and of truth.

The Prologue – F, G, F’F 11 He came into his own [things/realm],

and his own [people] did not accept him.

G 12 But as many as did receive him,he gave to them authority to become children of God, to those who believe in his name,

F' 13 those who, neither of bloods, nor of the will of the flesh, nor of the will of a man,but of God were born.

Rest of John 1 Testimony of John [the Baptizer] (1:19-34)

I) Prophetic Testimony of John about Himself (1:19-28) II) Prophetic Testimony of John about Jesus (1:29-34)

The First Disciples of Jesus (1:35-51) A1) The First Two Disciples (1:35-39) A2) The Third Disciple (1:40-42) B1) The Fourth Disciple (1:43-44) B2) The Fifth Disciple (1:45-51)

Call of the First Disciples in FG Note the dynamics of who calls whom to discipleship:

#1&2 - John (Baptist) sends two of his disciples to follow Jesus.#1&2 - One is named Andrew, but the other remains anonymous.#3 - Andrew brings his brother Simon (Peter) to Jesus.#4 - Jesus finds and invites Philip personally.#5 - Philip talks to Nathanael about Jesus.

Contrast: In Mark and Matthew, Jesus calls two pairs of brothers (Peter & Andrew, James & John) as his first disciples; while in Luke, the focus is mainly on Peter (for more details, see my page on Disciples and Discipleship).

John 2 First Sign: Wedding at Cana

Incident in the Jerusalem Temple

Transition to Ch. 3

John 6 Feeding of 5000

Contrast DETAILS with Mark, Matthew, Luke Walking on Water

Not really a “SIGN” in FG; no one comes to believe Bread of Life Discourse

Part I Part II Part III Part IV

Lenten Scrutiny Gospels

3rd Sunday of Lent – WATER:The Samaritan Woman at the Well

(John 4:1-42) 4th Sunday of Lent – LIGHT:

The Man Born Blind (John 9:1-41)

5th Sunday of Lent – LIFE:Martha, Mary, and Lazarus

(John 11:1-54)

The Samaritan Woman - DUCCIO di Buoninsegna

Gustave Doré

The Samaritan Woman (John 4:1-42)

A) 1-4: Transition: Departure from Judea toward Galilee

B) 5-6: Jesus arrives at Jacob’s well near Sychar in Samaria

C) 7-15: Dialogue: Jesus & Woman about Water & Thirst

D) 16-26: Dialogue: Jesus & Woman about Worship and the Messiah

A') 27: Transition: Disciples return & wonder about the Woman

B') 28-30: Woman tells her villagers about the Messiah

C') 31-38: Dialogue: Jesus & disciples about Food & Work

D') 39-42: Reaction of Samaritan Villagers to the Woman and to Jesus

The Man Born Blind – DUCCIO di Buoninsegna

Jerome Nadal

The Man Born Blind (John 9:1-41)A) 1-5: Jesus & the disciples

relation of sin & blindness

B) 6-7: Jesus & the blind personbringing the person to physical sight

C1) 8-12: neighbors & ex-blind personquestion of person’s identity; process of healing

D1) 13-17: ex-blind person & Phariseesdiscussion of Jesus’ origin: from God? sinful?

C2) 18-23: parents & Jewish authoritiesquestion of person’s identity; process of healing

D2) 24-34: ex-blind person & authoritiesdiscussion of Jesus’ origin: from God? sinful?

B') 35-38: Jesus & ex-blind personbringing the person to full spiritual insight

A') 39-41: Jesus & the Pharisees relation of sin & blindness

The Raising of Lazarus – DUCCIO di Buoninsegna

Gustave DORÉ

Mary, Martha, Lazarus (John 11:1-54)

A) 1-6: Introduction: Jesus receives a message from Martha and Mary about Lazarus’ illness

B) 7-16: Jesus and his disciples talk about Lazarus and the meaning of death

C) 17-27: Jesus and Martha talk aboutresurrection and eternal life

C') 28-37: Jesus and Mary express both deep sorrow and great love

B') 38-44: Jesus calls Lazarus out of the tomb, raising him from the dead

A') 45-54: Conclusion: Reactions of people who saw or heard about the raising of Lazarus

Group Exercise (before the break, please!)

Choose ONE of the three Scrutiny Gospels John 4 – Samaritan Woman at the Well

John 9 – Man Blind since Birth

John 11 – Martha, Mary, and Lazarus

Discuss in your groups: What major Johannine theme is stressed here? What does this story say about Jesus’ identity? How do the characters grow in believing? What does this story say for believers today?

Afternoon Break

Last Supper (John 13–17)

Chiastic Structure: The Washing of the Feet (13:1-30)

The Last Supper Discourse (13:31–16:33) The Prayer of Jesus (17:1-26)

Historical Expansion: Original ending 14:31 – “Get up, let us go.” (NAB) Continued 18:1 – “When he had said this, Jesus went out…”

Chaps. 15–17 added later ?

The Last Supper Discourse Chiastic Structure:

A) 13:31-38 - Introduction: Jesus gives new Love Commandment; foretells Peter's denials B) 14:1-7 - Don't let your hearts be troubled; I Am the Way, the Truth, and the Life C) 14:8-14 - Seeing and Believing in Jesus and in the Father; Mutual Indwelling D) 14:15-24 - The Paraclete, Spirit of Truth; Keep the Commands/Words of Jesus E) 14:25-31 - The Paraclete, whom the Father sends in my name; I Love the Father F) 15:1-10 - The Vine and the Branches; Remain in Me, as I Remain in You

G) 15:11 – Purpose/Goal: My JOY in You; Your JOY Complete

F') 15:12-17 - My Commandment: Love One Another as I Have Loved You E') 15:18-27 - The World Hates You; the Paraclete, whom I will send from the Father D') 16:1-11 - Opposition from the World; the Paraclete won't come unless I go C') 16:12-15 - Speaking and Hearing the Truth; the Glory of the Father B') 16:16-24 – You’ll no longer see me; you’ll have pain; later your joy will be completeA') 16:25-33 - Conclusion: Jesus speaks plainly about Father's Love & Disciples' Scattering

Gospel Gospel acc. to acc. to John: John: The Holy Spirit,The Holy Spirit,The ParacleteThe Paraclete

Felix Just, S.J., Ph.D.Felix Just, S.J., Ph.D.Loyola Institute for Spirituality, Orange, CALoyola Institute for Spirituality, Orange, CA

http://catholic-resources.orghttp://catholic-resources.org

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What is "spirit" / "Spirit"?What is "spirit" / "Spirit"?

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"Spirit" in the Bible"Spirit" in the Bible

Heb. Heb. RuachRuach & Gk. & Gk. PneumaPneuma refer to various thingsrefer to various things– Root meaning: Root meaning: "moving air""moving air" = wind, breath, spirit = wind, breath, spirit– Could be something natural, human, evil, or divineCould be something natural, human, evil, or divine

Hebrew Bible: Hebrew Bible: RuachRuach– Translation of Gen 1:1-2?Translation of Gen 1:1-2?– "In the beginning when God created the heavens and In the beginning when God created the heavens and

the earth, the earth was a formless void and darkness the earth, the earth was a formless void and darkness covered the face of the deep, while covered the face of the deep, while RUACH RUACH from God from God swept over the face of the waters." (wind? spirit?)swept over the face of the waters." (wind? spirit?)

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Jacques Tissot - Creation

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"Spirit" in the Hebrew Bible"Spirit" in the Hebrew Bible

God’s God’s Ruach Ruach as the basis of lifeas the basis of life– "Then the LORD God formed man ("Then the LORD God formed man (AdamAdam) from the ) from the

dust of the ground, dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils and breathed into his nostrils the breath of lifethe breath of life; and the man became ; and the man became a living a living beingbeing.." (Gen 2:7)

– "Then he said to me, ‘"Then he said to me, ‘Prophesy Prophesy to the to the breathbreath, , prophesyprophesy, mortal, and say to the , mortal, and say to the breathbreath: Thus says : Thus says the Lord GOD: Come from the four the Lord GOD: Come from the four windswinds, O , O breathbreath, , and and breathe breathe upon these slain, upon these slain, that they may livethat they may live.’ " .’ " (Ezek 37:9)(Ezek 37:9)

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Ezekiel 37Georg Weigel

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"Spirit" in the Hebrew Bible"Spirit" in the Hebrew Bible

God’s God’s Ruach Ruach with prophets, judges, kingswith prophets, judges, kings– "Then the LORD came down in the cloud and spoke "Then the LORD came down in the cloud and spoke

to him (Moses), and took some of to him (Moses), and took some of the spirit the spirit that was that was on him and put it on the seventy elders; and when on him and put it on the seventy elders; and when the spirit the spirit rested upon them, rested upon them, they prophesiedthey prophesied. But . But they did not do so again." (Num 11:25)they did not do so again." (Num 11:25)

Note:Note: " "ProphecyProphecy" is not "predicting the future"" is not "predicting the future"but rather "speaking on behalf of God"but rather "speaking on behalf of God"

Ruach Ruach on Judges & Kings:on Judges & Kings: see esp. Jdg & 1 Sam see esp. Jdg & 1 Sam

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"Spirit" in the Hebrew Bible"Spirit" in the Hebrew Bible

God’s God’s RuachRuach on the Messiah: on the Messiah:– ““A shoot shall come out from the stump of Jesse, A shoot shall come out from the stump of Jesse,

and a branch shall grow out of his roots. and a branch shall grow out of his roots. – The The spirit of the LORDspirit of the LORD shall rest on him, shall rest on him, – the the spirit of wisdom and understandingspirit of wisdom and understanding, , – the the spirit of counselspirit of counsel and might, and might, – the the spirit of knowledgespirit of knowledge and the and the fear of the LORDfear of the LORD””

(Isaiah 11:1-2)(Isaiah 11:1-2)

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"Spirit" in the Bible"Spirit" in the Bible

GreekGreek Bible used by Early Christians: Bible used by Early Christians:– Old Testament (LXX) & New TestamentOld Testament (LXX) & New Testament

PNEUMAPNEUMA = = any any "moving air""moving air": wind, breath, spirit: wind, breath, spirit– Cf. English "Cf. English "pneumoniapneumonia" = illness of the " = illness of the lungslungs– or "or "pneumaticpneumatic" (air-powered) tools: drills, pumps…" (air-powered) tools: drills, pumps…

Greek verbs Greek verbs pneo pneo / / ekpneoekpneo = "to breathe (out)“= "to breathe (out)“– Used only in connection with Jesus’ deathUsed only in connection with Jesus’ death

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"Pneuma" in the NT

Something in nature: moving air, wind, breath

Something human, but from God: spirit of adoption, spirit of faith, spirit of gentleness, spirit of glory, spirit of grace, spirit of holiness, spirit of life, spirit of power & love & self-discipline, spirit of prophecy, spirit of wisdom and revelation, spirit of your minds, spirits of the prophets, spirits of the righteous, spirit of Elijah

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"Pneuma" in the NT (cont.)

Something demonic: – evil spirit, unclean spirit– demonic spirit, foul spirit– spirit of an unclean demon– spirit of cowardice, spirit of divination– spirit of error, spirit of slavery– spirit of the antichrist– spirit of the world, sluggish spirit

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"Pneuma" in the NT (cont.)

Something divine: – Holy Spirit, Holy Spirit of God– Spirit of (our) God, Spirit of the Living God, – Spirit of the Lord, Spirit of your Father,– Spirit of Him who raised Jesus from the dead,– Spirit of His Son, Spirit of Jesus– Spirit of Christ, Spirit of Jesus Christ– Spirit that is from God– Spirit of Truth, eternal Spirit– seven spirits of God (only in Rev 3)

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Trinity from Mission Santa Clara & by El Greco

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Holy Spirit?

Icon by Andrei Rublev

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Trinity from Mission Santa Clara

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"Holy Spirit" in the Gospels(see statistics table on handout)

Mark:Mark:– "spirit" used 24 times, but "Holy Spirit" only 4 times"spirit" used 24 times, but "Holy Spirit" only 4 times

Matthew:Matthew:– "spirit" used 19x, but "Holy Spirit" only 5x"spirit" used 19x, but "Holy Spirit" only 5x

Luke + Acts:Luke + Acts:– "spirit" used 36x + 70x; "spirit" used 36x + 70x; "Holy Spirit" used 13x + 41x"Holy Spirit" used 13x + 41x– ""Holy SpiritHoly Spirit" drives all the action " drives all the action (see handout)(see handout)

John & 1 John:John & 1 John:– "Holy Spirit" 3x; "Spirit of Truth" 4x; "Paraclete" 5x"Holy Spirit" 3x; "Spirit of Truth" 4x; "Paraclete" 5x

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"Holy Spirit" in the Gospels

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“Spirit” in JOHN’s Gospel

Meanings of pneuma:– “wind” (John 3:8)– animating force of human life (3:6)– Jesus’ own life force (11:33; 13:21; 19:30)– something Jesus gives the disciples (20:22)– something coming from God (1:32-33; 3:5-8; 15:26)

“Holy Spirit” rare in John (only 3x; cf. Luke/Acts) “Spirit of Truth” only in Jn 14:17; 15:26; 16:13; 1 Jn 4:6

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“HOLY SPIRIT” in John

“Holy Spirit” present 3x in Fourth Gospel:– near beginning (Jesus’ baptism; 1:32-33)– middle (Last Supper discourse; 14:26)– end (first appearance of risen Jesus; 20:22)

Curious that “Spirit” not mentioned in Prologue– Yet “Logos” in John 1:1-5 has much the same role as

the “Spirit” in the creation accounts of Gen 1—2

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“PARACLETE” in John

Greek parakaleo (“to call to one’s side”)– Verb occurs often in NT, esp. Paul’s letters

Related noun parakletos only in John and 1 John– Translations? Counselor, Comforter, Advocate, etc.

Outside NT: parakaleo and parakletos used mostly in juridical/courtroom contexts

Holy Spirit is “another Advocate” (John 14:16)– Implies Jesus was the first “Advocate “ (cf. 1 John 2:1)– Thus, the Paraclete does same things as Jesus

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“PARACLETE” in John

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Roles of the “PARACLETE”

Companion – will be with disciples “forever” after Jesus is gone (14:16-18; cf. 1 John 3:24; 4:13)

Teacher – will “remind” disciples about Jesus’ own words & teachings (14:26)

Legal witness – will give “testimony” about Jesus to the disciples & world (15:26)

Judge – will “convict” (or “convince”?) the world “about sin & righteousness & judgment” (16:8-11)

Revealer – will “guide” disciples to “truth” about God and Jesus (16:13-15; cf. 1 John 5:6-8)

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Texts with “PARACLETE”

14:14-17 – “If in my name you ask me for anything, I will do it. / If you love me, you will keep my commandments. / And I will ask the Father, and he will give you another ADVOCATE, to be with you forever. / This is the Spirit of truth, whom the world cannot receive, because it neither sees him nor knows him. You know him, because he abides with you, and he will be in you.”

14:25-26 – “I have said these things to you while I am still with you. / But the ADVOCATE, the Holy Spirit, whom the Father will send in my name, will teach you everything, and remind you of all that I have said to you.”

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Texts with “PARACLETE”

15:26-27 – “When the ADVOCATE comes, whom I will send to you from the Father, the Spirit of truth who comes from the Father, he will testify on my behalf. / You also are to testify because you have been with me from the beginning.”

16:7 – “Nevertheless I tell you the truth: it is to your advantage that I go away, for if I do not go away, the ADVOCATE will not come to you; but if I go, I will send him to you.”

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Questions for Reflection

Is Paraclete sent by the Father (John 14:16; 14:26) or by Jesus himself (15:26; 16:7)?

Why can’t the world “receive” the Spirit/ Paraclete (14:17)?

Why can’t the Spirit/ Paraclete be sent until after Jesus’ departure (16:7)?

What’s the relationship between Holy Spirit and forgiveness of sins (20:21-23)?

East Trinity vs. West Trinity

Father(Creator)

Son (Savior)

Spirit (Life-giver)

Father(Creator)

Son (Savior)

Spirit(Life-giver)

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East vs. West

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Great Prayer of Jesus (John 17:1-26)A) 1-3: Jesus’ hour of glory has come;

he gives eternal life and knowledge to believers B) 4-8: Jesus’ work glorifying & revealing the Father

is complete C) 9-12: Jesus prays that God protect the believers

who are still in the world D) 13: Jesus’ return to the Father will make the JOY

of all who believe complete C') 14-19: Jesus prays that God sanctify the believers

who are not of the world B') 20-23: Jesus’ unity with Father completes unity

of all believersA') 24-26: Jesus’ glory reveals the Father;

believers have the knowledge and love of God

John 17 in Art?

Jesus’ Prayer: John 17 (A . . D . . A’)

A 1 After Jesus had spoken these words, he looked up to heaven and said, “Father, the hour has come; glorify your Son so that the Son may glorify you, 2 since you have given him authority over all people, to give eternal life to all whom you have given him. And this is eternal life, that they may know you, the only true God, and Jesus Christ whom you have sent.

D 13 But now I am coming to you, and I speak these things in the world So that they may have my JOY made complete in themselves.

A’ 24 Father, I desire that those also, whom you have given me, may be with me where I am, to see my glory, which you have given me because you loved me before the foundation of the world. 25 Righteous Father, the world does not know you, but I know you; and these know that you have sent me. 26 I made your name known to them, and I will make it known, so that the love with which you have loved me may be in them, and I in them.”

Art Sources

Biblical Art on the WWW: http://www.biblical-art.com/

by Rolf E. Stærk

Biblical and Religious Art & Music: http://catholic-resources.org/Art/

by Felix Just, S.J.

John 18–19: Passion (?) Passion Narrative Begins (18:1-27)

Arrest Interrogation

Jesus' Trial before Pilate (18:28-40; 19:1-16a) seven scenes, alternating outside & inside the praetorium

Crucifixion, Death, and Burial (19:16b-42)

Passion Narrative Begins (18:1-27) The Arrest of Jesus:

Introduction: Garden Scene (vv. 1-2) Overcoming the Enemies (vv. 3-6) Protecting the Disciples (vv. 7-9) Conclusion: Peter's Sword vs. the Father's Cup (vv. 10-11)

The Interrogation of Jesus: Introduction: High Priests Annas & Caiaphas (vv. 12-14) Peter's First Denial (vv. 15-18) Annas' Questions & Jesus' Responses (vv. 19-24) Peter's Second & Third Denials (vv. 25-27)

Jesus’ Trial before Pilate (18:28–19:16a) Seven scenes, alternating outside/inside the praetorium:

18:28-32 (outside) Jewish authorities take Jesus to Pilate, who asks, “What accusation do you bring against this man?”

18:33-38a (inside) Pilate questions Jesus: “Are you the King of the Jews?” Jesus: “My kingdom is not from this world.”

18:38b-40 (outside) Pilate tells the Jews, “I find no case against him,” and offers to release Jesus.

19:1-3 (implicitly inside) Pilate has Jesus flogged; soldiers mock him, saying, “Hail, King of the Jews!”

19:4-7 (outside) Pilate presents Jesus: “Here is the man!” Chief priests: “Crucify him! Crucify him!”

19:8-12 (inside) Pilate questions Jesus again, “Where are you from?” Pilate again wants to release Jesus.

19:13-16 (outside) Pilate: “Here is your King!” Jews: “We have no king but Caesar.” Pilate hands Jesus over to be crucified.

Crucifixion & Death of Jesus (19:16b-42) Crucifixion scene overall: Jesus crucified between two

others at Golgotha, the Place of the Skull (vv. 16b-18) The Inscription with the political charge in three languages:

"Jesus of Nazareth, the King of the Jews" (vv. 19-22) The Soldiers divide Jesus' garments and casts lots for his tunic: scripture

is fulfilled (vv. 23-25a; cf. Ps 22:19) The Mother of Jesus and the Beloved Disciple:

"Behold, your mother. Behold, your son" (vv. 25b-27) The Thirst of Jesus; he drinks, thus "finishing" all his work

and giving up his spirit (vv. 28-30; cf. Ps 22:16; 69:22) The Legs of Jesus are not broken, but his side is pierced instead,

thus fulfilling scripture (vv. 31-34; cf. Num 9:12; Ps 34:21; Zech 12:10)

Burial of Jesus (19:38-42)

Joseph of Arimathea and Nicodemus: Ask Pilate for permission Remove and anoint the body of Jesus Bury it in a new garden tomb

Contrast details with Mark, Matthew, and Luke?

John 20: Resurrection Appearances

Empty Tomb Narrative (vv. 1-10)

Risen Jesus Appears to Mary Magdalene on Sunday Morning (vv. 11-18)

Risen Jesus Appears to His Disciples that Sunday Evening (vv. 19-23)

Risen Jesus Appears to His Disciples again a Week Later (vv. 24-29)

Gospel's First Conclusion (vv. 30-31)

Epilogue (John 21:1-25)

Another Resurrection Appearance (21:1-14) Fishing Story, in Galilee (compare Luke 5?)

Jesus Asks Peter about his Love (21:15-19) Three sets: Question, Responses, Commission Two different verbs: Agapein vs. Philein?

Peter and the Beloved Disciple (21:20-23) He “remains”; You “follow me”; False Rumors?

Second Conclusion to the Gospel (21:24-25) Not enough books ! ? !