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Jie Liu
University of Virginia
On behalf of the g2P collaboration
The G2P Experiment
A Measurement of Proton ๐2 Structure Function And the Longitudinal-Transverse Spin Polarizability
Outline
โข Introduction
โข Motivation
โข Experiment Setup
โข Analysis
โข Summary
12/17/2013 Hall A Collaboration meeting Jie Liu <[email protected]>
Inclusive Electron Scattering
Introduction
โข Invariant Mass ๐2 = ๐2 + 2๐๐ โ ๐2
โข Four momentum transfer squared ๐2 = โ๐2 โข Bjorken variable ๐ฅ = ๐2/2๐๐ for fixed target
e (E,k)
P (M,0)
ฮธ
eโ (Eโ,kโ)
W
ฮณ* (ฮฝ,q) Polarized electron beam
Polarized target
๐2๐
๐ฮฉ๐๐ธโฒ=
๐๐
๐ฮฉ๐๐๐ก๐ก
(๐ผ๐น1 ๐ฅ, ๐2 + ๐ฝ๐น2 ๐ฅ, ๐2 + ๐พ๐1 ๐ฅ, ๐2 + ๐ฟ๐2 ๐ฅ, ๐2
๐1, ๐2: polarized nucleon Spin structure function
12/17/2013 Hall A Collaboration meeting Jie Liu <[email protected]> 1
Introduction
Introduction
๐โฅ=
๐โฅ=
= 4๐ผ2๐ธโฒ
๐๐๐2๐ธ[ ๐ธ + ๐ธโฒ๐๐๐ ๐ ๐1 โ 2๐๐ฅ๐2]
= 4๐ผ2๐ธโฒ
๐๐๐2๐ธ[๐ ๐๐๐ ๐1 +
2๐ธ
๐๐2 ]
Hall B EG4 measure g1P,
g2P experiment has one
measurement to cross check
g2P experiment measure
g2P essential contribution to
ฮ๐โฅ in our kinematic region
12/17/2013 Hall A Collaboration meeting Jie Liu <[email protected]> 2
Motivation
Motivation
โข Measure the proton spin structure function ๐2 in the low ๐2 region (0.02 < ๐2 < 0.2 Ge๐2) for the first time
โข Benchmark test of ๐PT with extraction of ๐ฟ๐ฟ๐
โข Examine the Burkhardt-Cottingham sum rule at low ๐2
โข Crucial inputs for hydrogen hyperfine splitting and proton charge radius measurements
12/17/2013 Hall A Collaboration meeting Jie Liu <[email protected]> 3
๐๐ Structure Function
Motivation
โข ๐2 can be separated into leading and higher-twist components :
๐2 ๐ฅ, ๐2 = g2WW ๐ฅ, ๐2 + ๐2 ๐ฅ, ๐2
โข ๐2 leading twist related to ๐1 by Wandzura-Wilczek relation:
g2WW ๐ฅ, ๐2 = โ๐1 ๐ฅ, ๐2 +
๐๐ฆ
๐ฆ
1
๐ฅ๐1 ๐ฅ, ๐2
Good approximation as ๐2โโ
โข ๐2 exhibits strong deviations from this leading twist behavior at
typical JLab kinematics
โข ๐2 โ g2WW: a clean way to access higher-twist contribution, quantify
q-g correlations.
12/17/2013 Hall A Collaboration meeting Jie Liu <[email protected]> 4
At high to immediate ๐2
๐๐ Existing Data
Motivation
12/17/2013 Hall A Collaboration meeting Jie Liu <[email protected]> 5
Proton ๐2 Data from SLAC Averaged ๐2 โ 5 ๐บ๐๐2
Proton ๐2 Data from Jlab SANE Averaged ๐2 โ 2.5 ~ 5.5 ๐บ๐๐2
Proton ๐2 Data from Jlab RSS Averaged ๐2 = 1.3 ๐บ๐๐2
BC Sum Rule
Motivation
โข BC Sum Rule:
โข BC Sum Rule will failed if โข exhibits non-Regge behavior at low x
โข exhibits a delta function at x = 0
โข Experiment test:
โข BC = Measured + low_x + Elastic
H. Burkhardt and W. N. Cottingham, Annals. Phys., 56(1970)453
R. L. Jaffe and X.-D. Ji, Phys. Rev. D, 43(1991)724
12/17/2013 Hall A Collaboration meeting Jie Liu <[email protected]> 6
BC Sum Rule
Motivation
โข Open symbols: measured
โข Full symbols: include unmeasured estimation
โข Violation suggested for proton at large Q2
o Q2 is not a constant for SLAC, varies 0.8 ~ 8.2 ๐บ๐๐2
โข But found satisfied for the neutron & 3He
โข Mostly unmeasured for proton
12/17/2013 Hall A Collaboration meeting Jie Liu <[email protected]> 7
SLAC E155x
Hall C RSS
Hall A E94-010
Hall A E97-110 (preliminary)
Hall A E01-012 (preliminary)
Generalized Spin Polarizabilities
Motivation
Generalized Spin Polarizabilities: โข how nucleons respond to virtual photons โข Relate to doubly-virtual Compton scattering, with assumption:
appropriate convergence and unsubtracted dispersion relation
โข Generalized forward spin polarizability ๐ฟ0 ๐2
โข Generalized longitudinal-transverse spin polarizability ๐ฟ๐ฟ๐ ๐2
โข Can be calculated via Chiral Perturbation Theory
12/17/2013 Hall A Collaboration meeting Jie Liu <[email protected]> 8
๐ฟ๐ฟ๐ ๐2 =
16๐ผ๐2
๐6 ๐๐ฅ๐ฅ2[๐1 ๐ฅ, ๐2 +๐ฅ00
๐2 ๐ฅ, ๐2 ]
๐ฟ0 ๐2 =
16๐ผ๐2
๐6 ๐๐ฅ๐ฅ2[๐1 ๐ฅ, ๐2 โ๐ฅ00
4๐2๐ฅ2
๐2๐2 ๐ฅ, ๐2 ]
๐ ๐๐ ๐๐ฎ๐ณ๐ณ๐ฅ๐ ๐๐จ๐ซ ๐๐๐ฎ๐ญ๐ซ๐จ๐ง
Motivation
โข Neutron data shows large deviation from ๐๐๐ calculations.
โข Good agreement with MAID model predictions
Plots courtesy of V. Sulkosky : Preliminary E97-110 and Published E94-010
12/17/2013 Hall A Collaboration meeting Jie Liu <[email protected]> 9
๐ ๐๐ ๐๐ฎ๐ณ๐ณ๐ฅ๐
Motivation
12/17/2013 Hall A Collaboration meeting Jie Liu <[email protected]> 10
โข ๐PT calculations still fails for proton ๐พ0
โข ๐พ0 sensitive to resonance
โข No proton data yet. โข ๐ฟ๐ฟ๐ is insensitive to ฮ resonance, โข more clean channel than ๐พ0 to test the chiral dynamics of QCD
PLB672, 12 (2009)
Hydrogen Hyperfine Splitting
Motivation
12/17/2013 Hall A Collaboration meeting Jie Liu <[email protected]> 11
โข Hydrogen hyperfine splitting in the ground state has been measured to a relative high accuracy of 10โ13.
โข Dominated by this
region due to ๐2
weighting
โข E08-027 will provide
first constraint on ฮ2
g2P Experiment
โ๐ธ= 1420.405 751 766 7 9 ๐๐ป๐ง = (1 + ๐ฟ)๐ธ๐น
๐ฟ = ๐ฟ๐๐ธ๐ท + ๐ฟ๐ + ๐ฟ๐ ๐๐๐๐ + ฮ๐
ฮ๐ : proton structure function correction
โข largest uncertainty
โข depends on ground state and excited properties of the proton ฮ๐ = ฮ๐ง + ฮ๐๐๐
ฮ๐๐๐ =๐ผ๐๐
๐๐๐๐๐(ฮ1 + ฮ2)
Experiment setup
Experiment Setup
12/17/2013 Hall A Collaboration meeting Jie Liu <[email protected]> 12
BCM Rasters Chicane BPM
Local Dump Polarized
NH3 Target
Hall A High Resolution Spectrometer (HRS)
Septa
โข Transverse polarized ๐๐ป3 target ( 2.5T/5.0T)
โข Low beam current ( < 100nA)
โข High DAQ rates 6~7kHz with <30% deadtime (Courtsey by Ryan Zielinski)
โข Rasters
โข Septum magnets
Kinematic Coverage
Analysis
12/17/2013 Hall A Collaboration meeting Jie Liu <[email protected]> 13
Mp < W < 2 GeV 0.02 < Q2 < 0.2 GeV2
Beam
Energy
/GeV
Target
Field /T
2.254 2.5
1.706 2.5
1.158 2.5
2.254 5.0
3.352 5.0
Analysis Flow Chart
12/17/2013 Hall A Collaboration meeting Jie Liu <[email protected]> 15
Raw Data
Farm Prod
(pass-N)
Run DB HRS optics
Beam trip cuts,
raster cuts etc..
Farm Prod
(pass-1)
Detector
Calibration
Scalers (BCM, Helicity, DT
Triggers, EDTM )
Target
analysis
PID cuts Reconstruction
cuts
Trigger
efficiency
Background
correction Radiative
corrections
Physics
cross-section
Event
Selection
Simulation
(acceptance)
Yields/
Asymmetry
Acceptance
Beam
positions
Elastic Runs (targ. thickness)
Target pol.
Dilution
Analysis
Simulations
Deadtime,
Beam charge Dilution
correction
Analysis Status
Analysis
12/17/2013 Hall A Collaboration meeting Jie Liu <[email protected]> 16
Raw Data
Farm Prod
(pass-N)
Run DB HRS optics
with field
Beam trip cuts,
raster cuts etc..
Farm Prod
(pass-1)
Detector
Calibration Scalers (BCM, Helicity, DT
Triggers, EDTM )
Target
analysis
PID cuts Reconstruction
cuts
Event
Selection
Simulation
(acceptance)
Beam
positions
Elastic Runs (targ. thickness)
Dilution
Analysis
Simulations
Completed: Green
In progress: Yellow
Polarized ๐๐ป3 Target
Analysis
12/17/2013 Hall A Collaboration meeting Jie Liu <[email protected]> 17
โข Target polarization measured via NMR and recorded every 30s.
โข Calibrated offline with TE measurements for each material
Typical NMR signal Dynamic nuclear polarization
Polarized ๐๐ป3 Target
Analysis
12/17/2013 Hall A Collaboration meeting Jie Liu <[email protected]> 18
โข Polarization with 2.5T
courtesy Toby Badman
Polarized ๐๐ป3 Target
Analysis
12/17/2013 Hall A Collaboration meeting Jie Liu <[email protected]> 19
โข Polarization with 5T
courtesy Toby Badman
VDC Multi-track Study
Analysis
12/17/2013 Hall A Collaboration meeting Jie Liu <[email protected]> 20
โข Motivation: VDC one track events probability gets as low as 70% around elastic region
VDC Multi-track Study
Analysis
12/17/2013 Hall A Collaboration meeting Jie Liu <[email protected]> 21
โข Method: point the track from VDC to calorimeters and sum up the total energy in the surrounding lead glass blocks.
โข Requirements:
โข A good position databse for lead glass ( can reconstruct from data).
โข A detailed case study for cluster energy contamination between tracks.
Optimized database Several kinds of cluster overlap between two tracks
VDC Multi-track Study
Analysis
12/17/2013 Hall A Collaboration meeting Jie Liu <[email protected]> 22
โข The VDC efficiency systematic uncertainty down to below 1% for most kinematic settings.
Asymmetry
Analysis
12/17/2013 Hall A Collaboration meeting Jie Liu <[email protected]> 23
โข Raw asymmetry : ๐ด๐๐๐ค =๐+โ๐โ
๐++๐โ yield: ๐ยฑ =
๐ยฑ
๐ยฑ๐ฟ๐ยฑ
โข Physics asymmetry: ๐ด๐โ๐ฆ๐ =1
๐๐๐๐๐ก๐ด๐๐๐ค ๐ = 1 โ๐๐๐
Courtesy Melissa Cummings
โฉ โจ โก โ
โข
โฃ
โค
โฅ โฆ
โง โง
fixed gain auto gain
BPM Pedestal during experiment
Beam Position Calibration
Analysis
12/17/2013 Hall A Collaboration meeting Jie Liu <[email protected]> 24
โข Two types of BPM Calibration โข Straight through calibration
Harp 04 Harp 05 BPM A/B
โข With target field calibration
BPM A (Assume constant didn't
change during straight
through calibration)
Harp 05 BPM B
Courtesy Pengjia Zhu
Optics
Analysis
12/17/2013 Hall A Collaboration meeting Jie Liu <[email protected]> 25
โข Optics study:
โข < 1.0% systematic uncertainty of scattering angle, which will contribute < 4.0% to the uncertainty of cross section
โข Reconstruct the kinematics variables of the scattered electrons with the tracking information by a matrix
courtesy Chao Gu
Q1 Q2
Dipole
Q3
VDC
Target Septa
First order matrix
Optics with No Field
Analysis
12/17/2013 Hall A Collaboration meeting Jie Liu <[email protected]> 26
Performance summary:
โข Beam energy 2.254 GeV, no target field, 1st & 3rd septum, carbon foil
courtesy Chao Gu
Resolution (RMS) LHRS (1st) RHRS (1ST) LHRS(3rd)
In-plane angle (mrad) 0.9 0.9 0.7
Out-of Plane Angle (mrad) 1.5 1.6 1.4
Momentum (๐0 โ ๐)/๐0 1.3*10โ4 2.0*10โ4 1.8*10โ4
1st Septum: good septum with coil 48-48-16 symmetric
3rd Septum: broken twice with coil 40-00-16
Optics with No Field
Analysis
12/17/2013 Hall A Collaboration meeting Jie Liu <[email protected]> 27
Performance summary:
โข Beam energy 2.254 GeV, no target field, 1st & 3rd septum, carbon foil
courtesy Chao Gu
Resolution (RMS) LHRS (1st) RHRS (1ST) LHRS(3rd)
In-plane angle (mrad) 0.9 0.9 0.7
Out-of Plane Angle (mrad) 1.5 1.6 1.4
Momentum (๐0 โ ๐)/๐0 1.3*10โ4 2.0*10โ4 1.8*10โ4
1st Septum: good septum with coil 48-48-16 symmetric
3rd Septum: broken twice with coil 40-00-16
See more about optics by Chao Gu
during analysis workshop!
Summary
Summary
12/17/2013 Hall A Collaboration meeting Jie Liu <[email protected]> 28
โข The g2p experiment took data covering Mp < W < 2 GeV, 0.02 < Q2 < 0.2 GeV2
โข Will provide a precision measurement of g2p in the low Q2 region for
the first time
โข Results will help to understand several physics puzzles, such as ๐ฟ๐ฟ๐
โข Analysis is underway
G2P Collaboration
Collaboration
Spokepeople โข Alexandre Camsonne (Jlab)
โข Jian-Ping Chen (JLab)
โข Don Crabb (UVA)
โข Karl Slifer (UNH)
Post Docs โข Kalyan Allada
โข Elena Long
โข James Maxwell
โข Vince Sulkosky
โข Jixie Zhang
Graduate Student โข Toby Badman โข Melissa Cummings โข Chao Gu โข Min Huang โข Jie Liu โข Pengjia Zhu โข Ryan Zielinski