the fylde’ war effort: its military archaeological heritage · pdf filemichael p coyle...

The Fylde’s War Effort: its military archaeological

heritage

Mike CoyleOct/Nov 2010

Michael P CoyleHHS 201 An Introduction to Archaeology23 July 2011

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The Fylde’s War Effort: its military archaeological heritage

Acknowledgements

Andrew Walmesley, Community History Manager, Fylde District, St Annes Library for access to files at St Annes Library and his contacts.

Christine Storey, Fylde History Network for suggesting contacts

Grant Smith, Local Historian for local information and insight

Jean Coyle (my mother), a native of St Annes who remembered some of the features described in this report.

Ken Davies, Planning Officer (HER), Lancashire County Council for copies of the Lancashire County Archaeology Service Monument Full Report for Blackpool and The Fylde

Lytham St Annes Express for publishing a letter from the author requesting information – 21 Oct 2010, p46

Marion Coupe, Chairman Lytham St Annes Civic Society and local historianguidance and contacts

Matt Warhurst, local WW2 enthusiast, for moral support

Peter Shakeshaft, local Historian, St Annes for help and advice

Russell Brown, Lancashire Aircraft Investigation Team (LAIT) for permission to use some of his lecture material.

Stanley Brown, (through his daughter Sue Swatridge) Local Historian, Lytham for information and access to the Lytham Heritage Archive

Sue Swatridge and Volunteer staff, Lytham Heritage Archive, Lytham Library for the time to direct me to local sources

Tutor, David Brookbank for his inspiration for this project.


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Contents:

1. Introduction 6

1.1 Protecting Military Archaeological Heritage 6

2. Scope 7

3. Aim 8

4. Fylde’s Military Archaeological Heritage Part 1 ‘Samples’ 8

4.1. Coastal Defences and Gun Emplacements 9

4.2. Air Raid Shelters and Pill Boxes 11

4.3. Military hospitals, VAD’s and convalescent homes 12

4.4. Military training facilities, barracks and camps (incl. PoW Camps) 15

4.5. Explosives and munitions factories 16

4.6. Aircraft factories and Airfields 16

4.7. Boat and Flying Boat building 18

4.8. Bomb/Crash sites and Bombing Decoys 19

5. Conclusions and Recommendations: 20

6. References: 20

7. Bibliography: 21

8. Appendices:

Appendix ‘A’ Stops and Strong Points 25

Appendix ‘B’ WW2 Military installation concentrationon the South Fylde Coast 26

Appendix ‘C’ Fylde’s Military Archaeological Heritage: ‘The Outcome’ 27

Appendix ‘D’ Wartime Feature Record 42


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Abstract:

This report offers an attempt to record the archaeological features, structures and buildings that constitute the war effort of the South Fylde towns. Samples of the types of feature are examined and a table of these, together with sources of evidence and locations are provided along with a comprehensive (if incomplete) bibliography of information about the features.

The conclusions and recommendations for future research indicate the enormity of the project and offer advice on the future gathering of data and information regarding the features and those yet to be recorded.


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1. Introduction: The historical background

On 22 June 1940, plans were laid for a series of defences that would deny any enemy landing in England freedom of (PRO ref WO 199/1800 in Schofield, 1998). By 25 June 1940 those plans had been refined into aHome Forces Operational Instruction (No3, Sect.13). A map of these defensive lines is attached at Appendix ‘A’.

Those plans included the South Fylde coastline. Its flat beaches offering easy access to 3 aircraft production facilities and airfields, ports, camps and barracks, PoW camps all with proximity to the commercial and industrial heartland of Northern England. At the time the idea of invasion in the Fylde area was not a fanciful one.

Local tradesmen (including the author’s father) and firms were charged with bringing the plans to life. Since the end of the Second World War, the buildings and structures that they built in support of the Fylde’s war efforthave suffered a range of fates from continued use to dereliction, demolition and vandalism.

For the Fylde, the War Effort was almost all consuming. Not only were the defence plans implemented but the population of the conurbation were to be invaded by tens of thousands of troops, civil servants, casualties, prisoners of war and refugees all of whom left their mark on the towns. The difficulty for the buildings archaeologist is the loss of much of both hard and anecdotal evidence of their presence. However, photographic and documentary evidence exists in quantity.

1.1 Protecting Military Archaeological Heritage

The Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act (1979) paved the way by including remains of vehicles, aircraft and vessels as ‘monuments’ of heritage. The ‘Protection of Military Remains Act 1986’ reaffirmed the importance of these ‘Protected Places’ as did the MoD with ‘Controlled Areas’, although both tend to associate these sites with casualties and war dead rather than pure archaeological considerations.

It wasn’t until 1990 that Archaeology as a discipline formally embraced 20th

century twentieth century ‘military heritage’, in recognition of ‘historic character of the whole landscape’. (Planning Policy Guidance 16: Archaeology and Planning, English Heritage). The Council of British Archaeology’s Defence of Britain Project (2002) presented the case for treating ‘military remains, particularly those of the 20th century’ as archaeological sites of interest ‘as a component of the historic landscape’. The project went on to identify a range of remains types.

As a consequence, English Heritage and its Monuments Protection Programme (MPP) have developed the guidance and methodologies for identification through and recording, Sites & Monuments Records (SMR), National Monuments Record NMR). In addition, and more recently, the Institute for Archaeology have also developed its series of ‘Guidelines and Standards’ for Desk Research (2008), Buildings (2008) and for FieldEvaluation (2009). Wales and Scotland have also produced materials relating to 20th century military heritage sites through CADW and Historic Scotland.


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2. Scope:

The report concerns itself mainly with the military buildings and structures archaeology of the area, but includes the features that might be associated with the presence of the military during two World Wars.

Geographically, this report covers South Fylde, an area approximately within the Fylde Borough borders: Kirkham in the North to the Lythamforeshore in the South, Squires Gate in the West to Freckleton in the East.

The individual buildings and features of and between the two world Warsthat constitute Military Heritage, includes:

Coastal Defences and Gun Emplacements

Air raid shelters and Pillboxes

Military hospitals, VAD’s and convalescent homes

Military training facilities, barracks and camps (incl. PoW Camps)

Explosives and munitions factories

Aircraft factories and Airfields

Boat and Seaplanes building

Bomb/Crash sites and Bombing Decoys

The report resists the temptation to include the social and economic impactof the influx and movement of people to and from the Fylde area, e.g. regiments moving into the area for training, convalescing troops, PoW’s, refugees, evacuee’s, overseas troops and especially American and Polish airmen, The ministry and diplomatic staff moved to the Fylde from the Capital. It also ignores the War Effort and community initiatives in terms of Fund raising and the adoption of a Spitfire and a Royal Navy Destroyer, HMS Queensborough in WW2 and the visit of a ‘Tank Bank’ ‘Julian’ in February 1918, all of which contributed to the wealth of building, photographic and documentary archaeology in the towns of south Fylde.

Reluctantly, the report also ignores the tributes and memorials to the dead of war in the area.

Evidence for the existence of sites is assembled from a range of sources, which largely fall in line with those outlined by Lowry (2002, p2):

Photographs, including aerial and satellite photography

Documentary and published material

Ground Reconnaissance and Field survey,

observation and corroborated personal recollections and local knowledge

Corroborated evidence from the Internet

Detailed six figure OS Map References, where possible

Renfrew and Bahn (2004, p 54) suggest a working definition for ‘Sites’ asplaces where ‘significant traces of human activity are found’. The subjects of this report fall into that category. In gathering the evidence, for the most


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part this has been corroborated from multiple and official sources and photographs, including sites and monuments surveys of the area. There are however, necessarily, occasions where evidence is not available, other than from anecdotal sources. Many of the features have disappeared completely over the years since the end of either war.

3. Aim:

The aim of this report is two-fold. Firstly, to present an inventory of ‘archaeological’ evidence of military activity from both World Wars in the South Fylde area. Secondly, this report is a precursor to further research to provide fuller information and complete the list. The report should be seen as ‘ongoing’. It represents an interim summary of a work that is likely to take years to complete. The initial outcome is a comprehensive, evidencedand mapped listing of the South Fylde sites of archaeological interest from physical, documental and anecdotal sources.

In seeking to achieve the aims it will be necessary to:

Carry out a literature ‘meta’ search of diverse and unconventional sources

Gather anecdotal evidence by interview and from contemporary sources

Devise a recording instrument

Summarise and plot the findings on a map of the area

Identify opportunities for further research

4. Fylde’s Military Archaeological Heritage: ‘Samples’

Interest in the Fylde’s war effort to date has been judged from particular and specialist stand-points. For the Aircraft Investigation team it has been aircraft incidents, for the local historians it’s the buildings and social impact, for the local newspapers its been the more celebrated events of war, for the photographer it has been the effects and personal interests. Little has been done to gather all the evidence of the south Fylde involvement in two World Wars, in to one place. This report seeks to attempt that. The detailed site location and evidence references can be found at Appendix ‘C’.

The following is a sampling of the sites discovered to date. Its intention is to add colour to what would otherwise be simply a list of sites.


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4.1. Coastal Defences and Gun Emplacements

Coastal defences covering the southern approaches to the Fylde coastline have all but disappeared. Examples of Tank traps, known as ‘Pimples’ can be found on the grassy area to the west of Fairhaven Lake, by the United Utilities Pumping Station, opposite the seaward end of St Paul’sAvenue and also at the end of Sandringham Road.

It is thought that there were at least 5 recorded emplacement sites at Freckleton, St Annes and Squires Gate. Armaments ranged from Bofors guns to Naval guns and included searchlights, RADAR batteries or listening posts. They may also have associated living or administration accommodation in the vicinity. Often, officers were accommodated in local private houses.

The ‘Beach Caf�’ Gun emplacement. Aerial photograph taken from Multimap.com

Concrete ‘Pimples’ –anti-tank defences,

West end of Fairhaven Lake

Site of Gun Emplacement

Circular wall or embankment?

Reinforced concrete base/roof fragments


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As an example, there are feint traces (amounting to sections of reinforced concrete) of a gun emplacement on the sand dunes located just seaward of the Beach Caf�, adjacent to the Car Park at the end of Lightburn Avenue in St Annes (above).

The ‘Fairhaven Lake’ Gun Emplacement.Aerial photograph taken from Multimap.com

An artist impression of the site at Fairhaven (by kind permission of the Lytham Heritage Group).

2 x Gun Emplacements & Observation Post

Nissen Hut Accommodation area

Reinforced Concrete base fragment

Pumping Station Car Park

Fairhaven Lake

Guard Room wall fragment


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Blackpool Airport looking north from behind South Shore Cricket Club. The Hangars are now used as manufacturing and storage units. The platform is accessed from inside the hangar.

4.2. Air raid shelters and Pillboxes

As an example of the large number of Shelters built for communities and for individual residences, is Queen Mary School, which was a hospital during WW2, included air-raid shelters to the rear of the school to accommodatelarge numbers, though no evidence exists today. Lytham Heritage Archive suggests there was a public Air raid shelter next to what was St Annes Open Air Baths, now an entertainment complex on St Annes Promenade.

The ‘Pillbox Study Group’ identifies only two of these defensive installationsin the Fylde area. Five are identified in this report, from a combination of documentary sources and local knowledge. One that the group identifies out of the report area, in Blackpool, has been given a heritage ‘Blue Plaque’.Those within the area are in varying stated of dereliction.

Pillbox Brook & Bridge

Original wartime aircraft factory hangars

Bofors Anti Aircraft gun emplacement platform on the roof.


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One of the ‘Marton’ Pillboxes, which cannot now be seen from the road. Aerial photograph taken from Multimap.com

Two of 3 Pillboxes within the Blackpool Airport (RAF Blackpool) (Left) at Leech Lane, St Annes and (right) adjacent to the rear of South Shore Cricket Club.. The reinforced octagonal

roof may have house a Bofors anti aircraft gun.

4.3. Military hospitals, VAD’s and convalescent homes

Fortunately, there are still buildings that served as hospitals and convalescent homes. The most significant from WW2 is Lytham Hall which served as a Red Cross Convalescence Hospital. The Sluice Room still exist in the Hall.

Hotels served as Convalescence Homes in the WW1, perhaps the largest of these, The Imperial Hydro in St Annes (latterly the Majestic Hotel, now demolished and replaced by an apartment block)

The Majestic Hotel St Annes formerly The Imperial Hydro. Image from www.rossallbeach.co.uk

www.rossallbeach.co.uk


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Today, all that remains of the Imperial Hydro, note the initials ‘IH’ on the archway.

‘Volunteer Aid Detachments’ (VAD’s) provided volunteer medical nursing support to wounded servicemen from all the war fronts. Starr Hills, Ansdell was one of 2400 in the UK in 1914. It still exists as a nursing home.

Starr Hills today. Now a Methodist Residential Care Home. The older buildings were the VAD. (Image from Multimap)


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The Certificate commemorates the contribution made by ‘Miss Grace Taylor’ to the VAD. Thesundial was presented by grateful residents of the Starr hills VAD. It is located in the Rose

Garden, Lowther Gardens, Lytham.

The Pembroke House School, A VAD during WW1 now the Stella Matutina Convent Care Home, Ansdell (Image from WWW.amounderness.co.uk)

The largest WW1 hospital in the area was based at what is now the Blackpool Airport Terminal buildings complex, originally the Clifton Park horse racing course from 1911 until 1914. The course grandstand was incorporated into the hospital complex. The Kings Lancashire Military Convalescent Hospital accommodated 2000 Lancashire soldiers who could expect to be returned to the frontline within 6 to 8 weeks. The hospital at Wesham (Wesham Park, Kirkham) served as a military hospital.

(Image from WWW.amounderness.co.uk)


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Fylde Institution Military Hospital, Wesham (Image from www.rossallbeach.co.uk)

4.4. Military training facilities, barracks and camps (incl. PoW Camps)

Lytham was a long standing military training venue. Indeed, Lytham Hall boasted a Rifle Range for military use since 1910 (amounderness.co.uk). Manchester Evening News (May 1880) reports that two Battalions were accommodated in the area of Lytham between Ballam Road and Mythop Road. Many photographs are available (Lytham Heritage Archive) for WW1 training areas showing locations in Lytham and St Annes, for example on Lytham Green and Headroomgate Road and Highbury Road on land now occupied by houses. Tented camps were in evidence at Weeton in WW1 (rossallbeach.co.uk) and in Lytham Hall grounds.

Royal Field Artillery in open fields adjacent to Headroomgate Road, St Annes in 1915. Houses on Highbury Road are in the background. The Army had riding schools here. (Image and

information from www.amounderness.co.uk)

The largest WW2 camp was based at the Pontin's Holiday Camp site at Squires Gate. Prior to WW1 the area was a tented military camp. Towards the end of the war, the Army loaned the camp to the Royal Navy for basic training (Lytham Heritage Archive).

The RAF camps at Weeton and Kirkham remain today. Weeton as an infantry barracks and training area with FIBUA (Fighting In Built Up Areas) facilities. RAF Kirkham a technician training camp became HM Prison Kirkham.

(Image from www.rossallbeach.co.uk)

information from www.amounderness.co.uk)


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None of the POW camps in south Fylde were not built for their purpose;they had been adapted from disused military establishments and industrial buildings. Little remains of those camps although as late as 1986, investigators found Nissen hut concrete bases at the site of Camp No 146 at Newton, Near Kirkham (LAIT,1986). Camp 168, was a converted Mill (Brookmill) until the 2001 the site of the Bensons Crisps factory.

4.5. Explosives and munitions factories

During WW1 all kinds of workshops and garages were turned over to munitions. The main explosives factory was built in the fields on the road to Warton at the eastern end of the town. The complex straddled ‘Main Drain’. It was demolished in the 1920’s and until the early nineties building foundations and evidence of a rail branch line could be found in the fields and factory complex to the east of Boundary Road, Lytham (Brown, 1990).

The munitions works at what became Fylde Box Co., St Patricks Road Nth, St Annes. The area is now a residential housing complex. (Image from amounderness.co.uk)

During WW2, Akeds Garage on St Georges Road, St Annes was requisitioned by the Ministry of Munitions to produce shell cases. The authors brother remembers the workshop machinery and stores still in place there as a young apprentice in the 1960’s. The buildings have been demolished for redevelopment.

(Image from amounderness.co.uk)

4.6. Aircraft factories and Airfields

3400 Aircraft mainly Wellington bombers were built by Vickers at Blackpool during WW2, others were built at a ’shadow’ plant at Stanley Park


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Aerodrome. Like the munitions factories, airframes and components were built throughout the Blackpool area – The Burlington Coach works at Newhouse Road, under Harrowside Bridge in South Shore. The Vickers factories remain as industrial units on the Squires Gate Lane side of the airfield.

RAF Blackpool also based atSquires Gate, provided ‘Night Fighter’ air cover for the Port of Liverpool and the industrial sites of Preston and East Lancashire it also hosted Fighter training Squadrons including a Polish Squadron. Eventually RAF Blackpool became the RAF’s largest training area with camps

at Weeton and Kirkham. Little remains of the wartime airfield buildings, although the Control Tower is original (Image from www.controltowers.co.uk)

The USAAF moved into the airfield and camp facilities at RAF Warton September 1942 becoming ‘Base Air Depot 2’ (BAD2) in October Its job was to service, repair and convert US aircraft for use in the European theatre of war. 14,000 aircraft passed through the facilities at Warton, including almost 3000 B24 Liberators and over 4000 P51 Mustangs. The area was the scene of the Freckleton Liberator tragedy and a number of other incidents during the 3 years of its life (madeinpreston.co.uk).

USAAF BAD2 Warton (Image from Lytham Heritage Group)

(Image from www.controltowers.co.uk)


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4.7. Boat and Flying Boat building

Lytham Shipbuilding & Engineering Co Ltd., formerly Richard Smith & Co, Preston, built a number of sundry Naval craft including ammo barges and four Dance-class wooden hulled minesweepers Fandango, Morris Dance, Step Dance, Sword Dance in the later years of WW1. During WW2 the yard completed sections of ‘Mulberry Harbours’ used during the ‘D’ Day landings. The docks and Graving dock at Lytham have long since silted up and now only handles pleasure craft. However, Boat building and cargo handling had taken place there since the early 19th Century and facilities included a branch rail line, broadly following what is now Boundary Road, which would later supply the Munitions Factory and the America Military Railhead in WW2.

Late in WW1 the Government and Dick Kerr Co built two assembly hangars on what was the Cookson's Bakery (now Lytham Quays) site at theEast end of Lytham Green with the intention of building ‘Felixstowe’ Flying Boats using expertise developed in building light wooden tram bodies (willhiggs.co.uk). The factory only ever produced one before the end of the war but went on to produce several new models of the Felixstowe during the 1920’s.

Felixstowe Hulls in production (Images from Lytham Heritage Archive)


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4.8. Bomb/Crash sites and Bombing Decoys

The statistics for incidents and bombs dropped on south Fylde during WW2 are staggering. County Incident reports record 277 bombs dropped 44 High Explosives and 233 Incendiaries. There were 140 Aircraft Incidents including ‘Ditchings’.

The Lancashire Aircraft Investigation Team have investigated and recovered artefacts from a number of Aircraft crash sites in the Fylde area (http://web.ukonline.co.uk/lait). Channel 4’s ‘Time Team’ worked with LAIT on the recovery of the aircraft and artefacts from Warton Marsh in July 2005, (Wotherspoon, 2007).

The only ‘home’ casualty of the war was as a result of a bomb dropping on no. 202 Church Road, St Annes, 1 October 1940.

202 Church Road St Annes after the bombing and now. The only evidence is the different roof tiles used to repair (Left image from amounderness.co.uk)

On 29 September 1941 a string of incendiaries and high explosives were dropped on houses in Kirkham damaging 113 houses.

Bombed Kirkham Houses. (Image from Lytham Heritage Archive)

Situated on Clifton Marsh, 3 types of Bombing Decoys were established to redirect bombings from the docks and factories in Preston. These included mock oil dumps, street lighting and a bombed built-up location.

http://web.ukonline.co.uk/lait

5. Conclusions and Recommendations:

This is a fascinating area of research that warrants more time and effort.

As stated in the aims for this report, it must be regarded as ongoing. In terms of opportunities for continuing research, each of the archive resources contain further evidence as data, information, documentary and photographic evidence still to be analysed. For example the St Annes Borough Council Planning document holdings related to WW2 have recently been passed to the Lancashire Record Office and may not be yet catalogued. Whilst many photographs have been taken of the sites many more are still to be photographed in their current state where possible and the exact sites recorded as OS grid references, which in future should be 8 or 10 figure, rather than 6 used in this report. Where map references are given they should be confirmed, they are official sources given or from personal knowledge.

The bulk of research has been confined to a greater proportion of desk and secondary sources. In terms of ‘Lessons Learned’ the project scope and the geographic spread of sites has proved too wide to be contained within a report confined to 3000 words. There is still more scope for field survey. To support this, a form was devised based on the English Heritage survey instrument, a ‘Wartime Feature Record’ is at Appendix ‘D’. Theform would support entries to the database already established at 4 above.

In conclusion, what does the military archaeology of the period tell us? Far from being a backwater, in terms of its contribution to wear effort, The Fylde was clearly a hive of war related activity. The impact on the area socially, economically and technically was huge. The legacy of the archaeology evidence is perhaps more in the skills developed, the livings earned and the social influence, all of which remain as testimony to the time. The tragedy and the remembrance of the war years is also tangible in the 600 or so memorials throughout the Fylde area.

6. References:

BAE Systems North West Heritage Group (2006), Warton Aerodrome 1942 to 1945 - Base Air Depot 2 (BAD2), [Online], http://www.madeinpreston.co.uk/Aviation/warton.html , Accessed: 20 October 2010

Council for British Archaeology, (2002), Defence of Britain Project, [Online] http://www.britarch.ac.uk/cba/projects/dob/ Accessed: 12 October 2010

Council for British Archaeology, (2006), Defence of Britain Project, Defence of Britain database, [Online], http://ads.ahds.ac.uk/catalogue/specColl/dob/ai_r.cfm? Accessed: 12 October 2010

Higgs, W., (?), Felixstowe Flying-Boats, http://www.willhiggs.co.uk/dundee/felixstowes.htm, [Online], Accessed: 21 October 2010

Incident Reports, County Incident Book, St Annes Library, local History File Ref F4

http://www.madeinpreston.co.uk/Aviation/warton.html

http://www.britarch.ac.uk/cba/projects/dob/

http://ads.ahds.ac.uk/catalogue/specColl/dob/ai_r.cfm

http://www.willhiggs.co.uk/dundee/felixstowes.htm


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Johnson, B., (2009), North West Rapid Coastal Zone Assessment (NWRCZA), Ch 6, , Archaeological Research Services Ltd [Online] http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/publications/nwrcza/NWRCZAS-Chap6-10-low.pdf/, Accessed: 1 October 2010

Lowry, B. (Ed.), (2002), 20th Century Defences: An introductory guide, (Practical Handbooks in Archaeology No 12) Council for British Archaeology.

Matthews, G.G., (2001), UK Invasion Defence Locations, Pillbox Study Group, [Online] Available from: http://www.pillbox-study-group.org.uk/defencelocations.htm Accessed: 12 October 2010

Refrew, C & Bahn, P.,(2004) Archaeology: Theories Methods and Practice (4th Ed.), Thames & Hudson.

Schofield, J.,(Ed), (1998), ‘Monuments of War: The evaluation, recording and management of twentieth-century military sites’, English Heritage,

Wotherspoon, N., (2007), ‘A-26B Invaders - Warton - 29th November 1944 - Bombers in the Marsh’, LAIT, [Online] Available from: http://web.ukonline.co.uk/lait/site/Time%20Team.htm Accessed: 20 October 2010

7. Bibliography:BAE SYSTEMS North West Heritage Group (2006), Warton Aerodrome 1942 to 1945 - Base Air Depot 2 (BAD2), [Online], http://www.madeinpreston.co.uk/Aviation/warton.html , Accessed: 20 October 2010

Council for British Archaeology, (2002), Defence of Britain Project, [Online] http://www.britarch.ac.uk/cba/projects/dob/ Accessed: 12 October 2010

Council for British Archaeology, (2006), Defence of Britain Project, Defence of Britain database, [Online], http://ads.ahds.ac.uk/catalogue/specColl/dob/ai_r.cfm? Accessed: 14October 2010

Dobinson, C S, Lake J and Schofield, J, 1997, Monuments of War: defining England’s twentieth century defence heritage. Antiquity, 71, 288–99.

Furguson, A.P., (2004), Airfields of Lancashire, Countryside Books,

Haley, R.A., (1995), Lytham St Annes: A pictorial history, Phillimore & Co.,

Higgs, W., (?), Felixstowe Flying-Boats, http://www.willhiggs.co.uk/dundee/felixstowes.htm, [Online], Accessed: 21 October 2010

Incident Reports, County Incident Book, St Annes Library, local History File Ref F4

Johnson, B., (2009), North West Rapid Coastal Zone Assessment (NWRCZA), Ch 6, , Archaeological Research Services Ltd [Online] http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/publications/nwrcza/NWRCZAS-Chap6-10-low.pdf/, Accessed: 1 October 2010

http://www.english

http://www.pillbox

http://web.ukonline.co.uk/lait/site/Time%20Team.htm

http://www.madeinpreston.co.uk/Aviation/warton.html


http://ads.ahds.ac.uk/catalogue/specColl/dob/ai_r.cfm

http://www.willhiggs.co.uk/dundee/felixstowes.htm

http://www.english


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Lancashire County Archaeology Service Monument Full Report on Sites in the Fylde Area rec’d 21/10/2010.

Lancashire Historic Town Survey: Lytham St Annes, May 2006

Lowry, B. (Ed.), (2002), 20th Century Defences: An introductory guide, (Practical Handbooks in Archaeology No 12), Council for British Archaeology.

Matthews, G.G., (2001), UK Invasion Defence Locations, Pillbox Study Group, [Online] Available from: http://www.pillbox-study-group.org.uk/defencelocations.htm Accessed: 12 October 2010

Museum of London Archaeology Service, (1994), Archaeological Site Manual, (3rd Ed.), Museul of London, [Online] Available from: http://www.museumoflondonarchaeology.org.uk/NR/rdonlyres/056B4AFD-AB5F-45AF-9097-5A53FFDC1F94/0/MoLASManual94.pdf Accessed:10 November 2010.

Refrew, C & Bahn, P.,(2004) Archaeology: Theories Methods and Practice (4th Ed.), Thames & Hudson.

Rothwell, C., (1993), Lytham St Annes in old photographs, Alan Sutton Publishing Ltd.

Schofield, J., (2004), Recent Military Heritage: A review of progress 1994-2004, English Heritage

Schofield, J.,(Ed), (1998), ‘Monuments of War: The evaluation, recording and management of twentieth-century military sites’, English Heritage

Shakeshaft, P., (2008), St Annes on the Sea: A history, Carnegie Publishing,

Shakeshaft, P., (2001), The History of Freckleton, Carnegie Publishing

Trow, S., (2003), ‘Coastal Defence and the Historic Environment: English Heritage Guidance’, English Heritage.

Wotherspoon, N., (2007), ‘A-26B Invaders - Warton - 29th November 1944 - Bombers in the Marsh’, LAIT, [Online] Available from: http://web.ukonline.co.uk/lait/site/Time%20Team.htm Accessed: 20 October 2010

Websites:


http://www.archaeologists.net/sites

http://www.lythamheritage.co.uk

http://lantern.lancashire.gov.uk (local resources)

http://www.pillbox-study-group.org.uk

http://mario.lancs.lancs.gov.uk

http://www.archaeologists.net/codes/ifa

http://www.cadw.wales.gov.uk/upload/resourcepool/20th_Century_Military_Sites_ENG9268.pdf

http://www.pillbox

http://www.museumoflondonarchaeology.org.uk/NR/rdonlyres/056B4AFD

http://web.ukonline.co.uk/lait/site/Time%20Team.htm


http://www.archaeologists.net/sites

http://www.lythamheritage.co.uk

http://lantern.lancashire.gov.uk

http://www.pillbox-study-group.org.uk

http://mario.lancs.lancs.gov.uk

http://www.archaeologists.net/codes/ifa

http://www.cadw.wales.gov.uk/upload/resourcepool/20th_Century_Militar


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http://www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/scheduled-monuments.pdf

http://edina.ac.uk/digimap/

http://www.rossallbeach.co.uk

http://www.madeinpreston.co.uk

http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/publications/recent-military-heritage/military-heritage-review.pdf

http://www.kg6gb.org/prisoner_of_war_mail.htm

http://www.amounderness.co.uk

http://1914-1918.invisionzone.com

http://www.museumoflondonarchaeology.org.uk

http://www.historic

http://edina.ac.uk/digimap/

http://www.rossallbeach.co.uk

http://www.madeinpreston.co.uk

http://www.english

http://www.kg6gb.org/prisoner_of_war_mail.htm

http://www.amounderness.co.uk

http://1914-1918.invisionzone.com

http://www.museumoflondonarchaeology.org.uk


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8. Appendices:

Appendix ‘A’ Stops and Strong Points

Appendix ‘B’ WW2 Military installation concentration on the South Fylde Coast

Appendix ‘C’ Fylde’s Military Archaeological Heritage: ‘The Outcome’

Appendix ‘D’ Wartime Feature Record


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Appendix ‘A’ Stops and Strong Points

Map of defensive ‘Stop lines’. Southern Command memo dated 22nd June 1940 (PRO WO 199/1800). Taken from ‘Monuments of War: The evaluation, recording and management of twentieth-century military sites’. English Heritage 1998.

Appendix ‘B’ WW2 Military installation concentration on the South Fylde Coast

Taken and adapted from North West Rapid Coastal Zone Assessment (NWRCZA) (Johnson. 2009)


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Appendix ‘C’ Fylde’s Military Archaeological Heritage: ‘The Outcome’

Ref Period Feature Feature Type

Location Map Ref (1:50k)

Main Ref N/SMR (if known)

Evidence Comments

1 WW2 Gun Emplacement

A Fairhaven SD 324 279 Archaeology Data Service (ADS)

Lancashire County Archaeology Service

SMR PRN15031

Defence of Britain database, Council for British Archaeology, 2006;

Lane, C D. 1995. AIA - Index Record for Industrial Sites. LA/AIA/CDL016; Cartographic material: -. 1973.

OS geol surv Southport sheet 74 drift 1:50,000.

On S end of St. Annes beach, in front of Fairhaven Road / Lightburne Avenue and adjacent to a car park

2 WW2 Gun Emplacement Bks

D Fairhaven SD 337 275 Archaeology Data Service (ADS)


Huts on Green by the Lake

3 WW2 Coast Battery A Fairhaven SD 337 273 Archaeology Data Service (ADS)

Defence of Britain database, Council for British Archaeology, 2006

W end of Fairhaven Lake, Fairhaven. 2 x Mk7 Naval Guns + Searchlight

5 WW2 Pillbox B Newton with Scales

SD 479 298 Archaeology Data Service (ADS)


E of Clifton

6 WW2 Pillbox B Blackpool SD 338 355 Archaeology Data Service (ADS)


Great Marton


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Evidence Comments

7 WW3 Pillbox B Blackpool SD 332 314 Archaeology Data Service (ADS); Lancashire County Archaeology Service

SMR PRN15036


Mills, H. Pillboxes, a Study of UK Defences 1940. p.90; Webpage: Pillbox Study Group. 2010. http://www.pillbox-study-group.org.uk/blackpoolpillboxespage.htm.

1-5; Lancashire County Archaeology Service Monument Report, 21.10.2010

South Shore Cricket Club, Boundary, Queensway

8 WW2 Pillbox B Westby with Plumpton



S side of main road from Blackpool to Kirkham (A583), nr Peel Hill Bridge, on E side of stream.

9 WW2 Pimple A Lytham SD 376 293 Archaeology Data Service(ADS)


At the junction of Salcotes Road / Cartmell Lane, N of Lytham.

10 WW2 Pimple A Fairhaven SD 336 275 Archaeology Data Service (ADS); Lancashire County Archaeology Service

SMR PRN30280

Defence of Britain database, Council for British Archaeology, 2006;; Iles, P D. 2007. Pers com; Iles, P D; 02 Jul 2007

West end of Fairhaven Lake, Clifton Drive South, Fairhaven.

http://www.pillbox


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Evidence Comments

11 WW2 Pimple A St Annes SD 335 282 Archaeology Data Service (ADS)


On S side of railway line adjacent to Sandringham Road, Fairhaven, St. Annes-on-Sea.

12 WW2 Lytham Hall Red Cross Convelescent Hospital

C Lytham SD 366 279 Archaeology Data Service (ADS)


Lytham Hall

13 WW1 Starr Hill VAD C Lytham SD 366 279 Archaeology Data Service (ADS)

Defence of Britain database, Council for British Archaeology, 2006. http://www.amounderness.co.uk/starr_hills_hospital,_ansdell,_1916.html

Ansdell

14 WW2 AA (Bofors) Emplacement

A Squires Gate



Hangar Roof

81 WW2 RAF Warton Camp x 2 sites

D Warton SD 400 280

SD 398 282

Edina Historic Maps

Blackpool A-Z

Local Knowledge. Appears on pre 1950 OS Maps (Edina).

Blackpool A-Z, 1996, p25

15 WW2 RAF Warton/BAD2 Airfield

F Warton SD398 279 Archaeological Research Services Ltd

North West Rapid Coastal Zone Assessment (NWRCZA)

Land Registry Building

http://www.amounderness.co.uk/st


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Evidence Comments

16 WW2 RAF Blackpool F Squires Gate

SD 322 313 Lancashire County Archaeology Service

SMR PRN30809.

http://www.controltowers.co.uk/S/Squires_Gate.htm;

Lane, C D. 1995. AIA - Index Record for Industrial Sites. LA/AIA/CDL017; 1973. OS geol surv Southport sheet 74 drift 1:50,000; 2008.

http://www.blackpoolinternational.com/about-us/history.php;

Iles, P D. 2008. Pers com; Iles, P D; 04 Aug 2008; English Heritage. 2009. English Heritage AMIE GIS Dataset. 1411199;

Airfield and Aircraft Factory

17 WW2 RAF Kirkham F/C Kirkham SD 426 311 Russel Brown Local Knowledge, Russell Brown Papers & Press Photographs, St Annes Library File F4

Kirkham Prison Included Military Hospital.

18 WW2 HMS Nightjar F Inskip SD 451 368 Archaeological Research Services Ltd; Lancashire County Archaeology Service

SMR PRN33401;

North West Rapid Coastal Zone Assessment (NWRCZA);

English Heritage. 2009. English Heritage AMIE GIS Dataset. 1398777;

RNAS Inskip or as it was otherwise known HMS Nightjar is a former Fleet Air Arm airfield, Fairy Swordfish

19 WW2 Battery A SD 442 279 Archaeological Research Services Ltd


http://www.controltowers.co.uk/S/

http://www.blackpoolinternational.c


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Evidence Comments

20 WW2 Battery with Radar

A SD 313 388 Archaeological Research Services Ltd


21 WW2 Bombing Decoy site

H Warton SD 470 288 Archaeological Research Services Ltd


Clifton Marsh included a ‘Permanent Starfish’ type, recreating a bombed urban environment and was built in 1941 to deflect bombing from Preston. A ‘P-series’ Oil QF decoy was also created at the site to divert raids from the oil installations of Preston. This recreated oil pools targeted by bombs. A third decoy, the ‘QL’ type from the ‘C-series’ replicated the lighting of an area of docks and factories, which were also located in nearby Preston.

22 WW2 Pudricki Spitfire Crash site

H St Annes SD 332 279 King Edward School Records

School Memorial Fairhaven.


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Evidence Comments

23 WW2 HM Factory (TNT/Explosives)

E Lytham SD 342 278 www.rsc.org, Recollection -Edina Historic Maps

Annual Report of the Council: March, 1952, via GoogleDocs, announcing the death of TH Fairbrother, ex manager of the HM Factory, Lytham.

Personal recollection - Stanley Brown Local historian.

1st field past Main Drain, towards Warton.Straddles Main Drain with remnants on both side of the Brook. Included a rail Branch line at the Dock.

24 WW2 HM Factory (Munitions)

E St Annes SD 299 295 RA Haley photgraph

StAnnes Library

local knowledge

Site of Fylde Box Co, Cardboard Box makers, demolished now residential housing.

25 WW1 RFA Training Area

D St Annes SD 325 300 RA Haley photgraph

Postcard Photographs Area of Highbury/Heeley/Grasmere/Headroomgate

26 WW2 Bombed House H St Annes SD 338 287 Russell Brown Russell Brown Papers & Press Photographs, St Annes Library File F2.

Haley RA

Church Road

27 WW1 Munitions (Shell Casings) Factory

E St Annes SD 321 290 Russell Brown Russell Brown Papers & Press Photographs, St Annes Library File F2.

http://www.amounderness.co.uk/aked%27s_munition_works.html;

Personal recollection: Mrs D. Coles

Site of Akeds Garage, St Georges Road

www.rsc.org,

http://www.amounderness.co.uk/a


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Evidence Comments

28 WW2 POW Camp D Warton SD 412 290 Russell Brown

www.kg6gb.org/pow_camps_in_uk_101_-_250.htm

Russell Brown Papers & Press Photographs, St Annes Library File F2. Gazette Article 1946

Camp H2 (Disused USAF camp?) Harbour Lane. Late Queensway Council Estate?

29 WW2 POW Camp D Newton with Scales

SD 448 310 Russell Brown


Russell Brown Papers & Press Photographs, St Annes Library File F2

Camp 146.Newton Disused Searchlight Battery

30 WW2 POW Camp D Kirkham SD 42 32 Russell Brown



Camp 168, Brookmill. Converted Mill (Brookmill) Site of Bensons Crisps

31 WW2 POW Camp D Lytham SD 386 275 Russell Brown Russell Brown Papers & Press Photographs, St Annes Library File F4

Rear of Site of Holt Jackson. Ribble Cruising Club

32 WW2 AA Battery Site with Searchlight and Sound locators

A St Annes Russell Brown Russell Brown Papers & Press Photographs, St Annes Library File F4

Opposite Premium Bonds Offices

33 Gun Emplacement with RADAR

A Ansdell SD 347 283 Russell Brown Russell Brown Papers & Press Photographs, St Annes Library File F4

Off Albany Road. Ansdell High & Annexe Car Park. Concrete site.

34 WW2 Various County Incident Reports

County Incident Reports, St Annes Library F2

www.kg6gb.org/

www.kg6gb.org/

www.kg6gb.org/


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Evidence Comments

35 WW2 RAF Weeton D Weeton Russell Brown Local Knowledge.


Site of Weeton Camp, Infantry Barracks and FIBUA trg Included Military Hospital.

36 WW2 Wellington Airframe Factory

F Blackpool Russell Brown Russell Brown Papers & Press Photographs, St Annes Library File F4

Burlinghams/Duple Coachworks, Newhouse Road, Blackpool

37 WW1 Officers Mess D St Annes SD 322 289 Russell Brown Russell Brown Papers & Press Photographs, St Annes Library File F4

St Annes Hotel

38 WW1 Officers Mess D Fairhaven SD 345 274 Russell Brown Russell Brown Papers & Press Photographs, St Annes Library File F4

Fairhaven Hotel

41 WW2 USAF Cinema D Warton SD 418 286 Russell Brown Press Reports of Bing Crosby visit Lytham Road, Warton

42 WW2 Various Russell Brown Russell Brown Papers & Press Photographs, St Annes Library File F4

140 Aircraft Incidents incl Ditchings

43 WW2 Junkers 88 H off Lytham Russell Brown Lytham Times, 11 Apr 1941 Shot down, Crash Site

44 WW2 Officer Residence

D Fairhaven Russell Brown Cypress Ave

45 WW2 Spitfire Crash site

H Fairhaven SD 333 276 King Edwards School

Sgt Pudricki, 306 (Polish) Sqn. Memorial at the school.

King Edward School Playing Fields


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Evidence Comments

46 WW2 Defiant Crash Site

H Marton SD 338 317 Russell Brown Russell Brown Papers & Press Photographs, St Annes Library File F4

Midgeland Rd/School/Division

47 WW2 A-26B Invader Collision Crash site

H Warton SD 389 268 LAIT; Lancashire County Archaeology Service

SMR PRN26026

LAIT -http://web.ukonline.co.uk/lait/site/Time%20Team.htm

Lifeboat Reports, St Annes Library, F2;

Personal communication:

Iles, P D. 2004. Pers com; Iles, P D; 29 Jul 2004; Kirk, K. 2004. Pers com; Kirk, K; 23 Jul 2004; Kirk, K, Time Team. 2004. Proposed Archaeological Evaluation at Warton Marsh; Time Team. 2004. Warton Marsh, an Archaeological Evaluation.

Warton Marsh

http://web.ukonline.co.uk/lait/site/T


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Evidence Comments

48 WW2 Liberator Crash site

H Freckleton SD 429 290 LAIT; Lancashire County Archaeology Service

SMR PRN33123

LAIT -http://web.ukonline.co.uk/lait/site/B-24%2042-50291.htm;

Webpage: BBC. 2010. http://www.bbc.co.uk/insideout/northwest/series11/week3_freckleton.shtml.;

Webpage: Lancashire Aircraft Investigation Team. 2010. http://web.ukonline.co.uk/lait/site/B-24%2042- 50291.htm;

Webpage: Imperial War Museum. 2010. http://www.iwm.org.uk/server/show/ConWebDoc.2850; Webpage: 2010. http://www.freckleton.org/history/asitwas.html; Turner, J. 2007. The Freckleton Tragedy 1944

Freckleton School

49 WW2 Spitfire Crash Site

H Freckleton SD 402 273 LAIT LAIT -http://web.ukonline.co.uk/lait/site/Spitfire%20RN210%20article.htm

Nr Warton Airfield

50 WW2 P-47 Thunderbolt Crash Site

H Unknown SD 402 273 LAIT LAIT -http://web.ukonline.co.uk/lait/site/P-47%2042-8621.htm

Ribble mud, Nr Warton Airfield

51 WW2 Defiant/Botha Crash Site

H Blackpool LAIT LAIT -http://web.ukonline.co.uk/lait/site/Botha-Defiant.htm

Blackpool Central Station & surrounding area.

http://web.ukonline.co.uk/lait/site/B

http://www.bbc.co.uk/insideout/nor


http://www.iwm.org.uk/server/show

http://www.freckleton.org/history/a

http://web.ukonline.co.uk/lait/site/S

http://web.ukonline.co.uk/lait/



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Evidence Comments

52 WW2 Pillbox A St Annes SD 331 227 Lancashire County Archaeology Service

SMR PRN13084

Mills, H. -. Pillboxes, a Study of UK Defences 1940. p.90;

Webpage: Pillbox Study Group. 2010. http://www.pillbox-study-group.org.uk/blackpoolpillboxespage.htm.

1-5; Lancashire County Archaeology Service Monument Report, 21.10.2010

SE Blackpool Airport. Jctn of Blackpool Rd & Leech Lane

53 WW2 Stanley Park Aerodrome

F Blackpool SD 335 360 Local Knowledge Local Knowledge. Wellington Bomber factory

54 WW2 Aircraft Parts Factory

F Blackpool SD 305 325 Local Knowledge Local Knowledge Harrowside

55 WW2 Bomb craters H Russell Brown Russell Brown Papers & Press Photographs, St Annes Library File F4

56 WW2 Military Railhead

Lytham SD 381 281 Russell Brown Russell Brown Papers & Press Photographs, St Annes Library File F4

American, behind Stanways Garage,

57 WW2 Vickers Armstrong Factory

F Blackpool SD 322 318 Russell Brown Local knowledge. 3700 aircraftbuilt

Squires Gate

58 WW2 Min of Agriculture, Fisheries & food

St Annes SD 320 285 Amounderness www.amounderness.co.uk/wartime_&_military.html

Fernlea Hotel

www.amounderness.co.uk/wartim


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Evidence Comments

59 WW2 Min of Home Security

St Annes SD 317 289 Amounderness www.amounderness.co.uk/wartime_&_military.html

Glendower Hotel

60 WW1 Officers Mess D St Annes SD 319 286 Amounderness http://www.amounderness.co.uk/imperial_hydro_1917.html

Majestic Hotel

61 WW1 Pembroke House VAD

C Ansdell SD 349 272 Amounderness http://www.amounderness.co.uk/pembroke_house_hospital,_ansdell,_1916.html

Stella Matutina Convent: 16 Clifton Drive, Ansdell, Lytham-St-Annes, Lancashire FY8 5RQ

62 WW1 Chaseside Hospital

C St Annes SD 317 291 Amounderness http://www.amounderness.co.uk/chaseside_convalescent_hospital.html

Junction St George St & Beech Road

63 Unknown SD 312 305 Russell Brown Russell Brown Papers Nature Reserve

64 WW1 The King's Lancashire Military Convalescent Hospital.

C Blackpool SD 312 312 Amounderness http://www.amounderness.co.uk/k.l.c.h.,_squire%27s_gate.html

Squires Gate

66 WW2 Typhoon Crash Site

H St Annes SD 230 286 Lancashire County Archaeology Service

SMR PRN33043

J.J. Halley. 1986. Royal Air Force Aircraft DA100 - DZ999. p.58;

1.25 mls offshore, St Annes Pier

67 WW2 Hurricane Crash Site

H Squires Gate


SMR PRN33044

J.J. Halley. 1996. Royal Air Force Aircraft P1000 - R9999,. p.35

Offshore, off Squires Gate

www.amounderness.co.uk/wartim

http://www.amounderness.co.uk/i

http://www.amounderness.co.uk/p

http://www.amounderness.co.uk/c

http://www.amounderness.co.uk/k.


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Evidence Comments

68 WW2 Botha Crash Site

H Squires Gate


SMR PRN33045

J.J. Halley. 1993. Royal Air ForceAircraft L1000 - N9999. p.69

Offshore, off Squires Gate

69 WW2 Defiant Crash Site

H Lytham SD 312 283 Lancashire County Archaeology Service

SMR PRN33046

J.J. Halley. 1997. Royal Air Force Aircraft T1000 - V9999. p.83

Offshore, off Lytham

70 WW2 Anson Crash Site

H Blackpool SD 301 301 Lancashire County Archaeology Service

SMR PRN33048

J.J. Halley. 1993. Royal Air Force Aircraft L1000 - N9999. p.164

Forcelanded on beach, overcome by tide

71 WW1 Flying Boat Factory

F Lytham SD 377 272 English Electric Exportese website. House of Commons debates, 3 March 1937

http://glostransporthistory.visit-gloucestershire.co.uk/EEExport.htm; http://www.theyworkforyou.com/debates/?id=1937-03-03a.353.10

Lytham Quays/Cooksons Bakery Site. British government built hangars next to the River Ribble at Lytham -downstream from Preston -and one Fairey Atlanta flying boat was built there by Dick Kerr from 1919 to 1921

http://glostransporthistory.visit

http://www.theyworkforyou.com/de


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Evidence Comments

72 WW2 Naval Boat Building/ 'Mulberry harbours'

G Lytham Docks

SD 383 276 WORLD WAR 1 at SEA, TRIBUTE to BRITISH SHIPBUILDING and REPAIR INDUSTRIES 1914-18, Part 2 of 3 including Royal Naval Dockyards and Research Establishments by Gordon Smith

www.naval-history.net/WW1NavyBritish-Shipbuild02.htm

Lytham Shipbuilding & Engineering Co Ltd, Lytham (previously Richard Smith & Co, Preston), Lancashire -mercantile, plus 3 Saint-class tugs, smaller tugs, ammo barges, other small naval craft. Lytham Shipbuilding -Dance-class tunnel minesweepers Fandango, Morris Dance, Step Dance, Sword Dance (built 1917/18)

73 WW1 & 2

ICI, Springfields, Chemical Munitions Factory

E Salwick SD 471 311 New Scientist, 9 May 1985, p4,

via Google Books;

http://1914-1918.invisionzone.com/forums/index.php?showtopic=106895

Now Nuclear Reprocessing Plant

74 WW2 Kings Road Garage (aircraft parts)

F St Annes SD 323 283 Lytham Heritage Archive

Ref Folder W13 Demolished, no trace

75 WW2 Home Guard Training School

D Moss Side, Westby

SD 336 305 Lytham Heritage Archive

Ref Folder W13 Old Brickworks, Moss Side.


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Evidence Comments

76 WW2 Coconut Dugout Night Club

Lytham SD 366 272 Lytham Heritage Archive

Ref Folder W13 US/BAD2 American Troops entertainment facility at the Methodist church in Bath Street Lytham

77 WW1 & 2

Squires Gate Camp

D Squires Gate


Ref Folder W13 Site of Pontins Holiday camp. Requisitioned in 1940

78 WW1 Officers Quarters

I Imperial Hydro, St Annes


www.amounderness.co.uk

79 WW2 Ministry Buildings

I GlendowerHotel, St Annes and others

Various Lytham Heritage Archive.

Airfield Information Exchange

A number of Promenade Hotels used as ministry buildings with staff brought from London and recruited locally.

http://www.airfieldinformationexchange.org/community/archive/index.php/t-4131.html. St Annes (5) Pensions, War Transport, Fuel & Power, Agriculture & Fisheries. Min of Home Security –Glendower Hotel www.amounderness.co.uk/ministry_of_home_security_1941.html

Took over Hotels: Glendower, Majestic, Lindum, St ~Ives,

80 WW2 Air Raid Shelters and/or Ammo Stores

B St Annes FY8 2

SD 324 305

Personal Recollection

Now covered by later housing estate.

Rear of St Annes Cricket Ground up to what was Gillets Farm/ Old Links Golf Club

http://www.airfieldinformationexchange.org/community/archive/index.php/t-4131.html

http://www.amounderness/

www.amounderness.co.uk

http://www.airfieldinformationexch


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Evidence Comments

81 WW1 Drill Hall & Armoury

D Lytham FY8 5

SD 336 427

Blackpool & District Now and then: A Chronology of a Holiday Resort Nick Moore, 2009

Lytham St Annes Civic Society

http://www.blackpool4me.com/NR/rdonlyres/4DB9142D-8A2B-4828-A977-18429BAA3AB2/0/BLACKPOOLandDistrictAugust2009.pdf

http://www.lythambc.org.uk/history.htm

Junctn of Henry Street & Queens St, Lytham. Loyal Regiment Drill hall on site of Clifton Arms Bowling Green, latterly Tram sheds, then Garage, latterly Flats

82 WW1 Hospital C Wesham Park,

PR4 3AL

SD 420 329

workhouses.org.uk, Great War Forum

www.workhouses.org.uk/index.html?Fylde/Fylde.shtml.

Wesham Military Hospitalformerly Fylde Union Workhouse Infirmary. 60 beds in 1917 closed in 1918. Under Comd of No.1 Western General Hospital (Territorial Force) based in Fazakerley, caring for less seriously wounded, or convalescing. Fylde Institution Military Hospital, Wesham at: www.rossallbeach.co.uk. Latterly Wesham Park Hospital

http://www.blackpool4me.com/NR/

http://www.lythambc.org.uk/history

www.workhouses.org.uk/index.ht

www.rossallbeach.co.uk


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Evidence Comments

83 WW2 Spitfire J http://forum.keypublishing.com/showthread.php?t=81490

Boot, H., (2005) . - Gifts of war : Spitfires and other presentation aircraft in two world wars

Lytham St Annes was a MkVb, Serial No. W3644 bought with a donation of �6000 presented in April 1941 & was taken on charge at No. 6 M.U. on 16 July 1941. Sent to Air Service Training at Hamble on 1 Aug 1941 for repairs, these being completed 27 Sept & delivered to No. 6 M.U. Brize Norton 3 days later. Sent to No. 1 Civilain Repair Unit at Cowley on 24 Oct & awaiting collection on 1 Feb. 1942. Flown to No. 37 M.U. Burtonwood on 11th Feb & allocated to No. 19 Squadron on 16 Apr – unit flying Ramrod & Rhubarb ops from Hutton Cranswick. On 23 June W3644 was shot down by Fw 190s of JG2 & crashed into sea south of Star Point. Its pilot – 20 year old Sgt A.L. Ridings 1058734 of Middleton, Lancs. is commemorated on Panel 92 of the Runnymede memorial.

84 WW1 Belgian Refugees 1914

J http://amounderness.co.uk/belgian_refugees.html

St. Annes Express, THURSDAY, DECEMBER 31st, 1914

http://forum.ke


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Evidence Comments

85 WW2 Military Camp D Lytham Hall http://amounderness.co.uk/13thl_north_lancashire,_lytham,_1915.html

13th Loyal North Lancs Regt at camp at Lytham Hall

86 WW1 ‘Lytham Pals’ -Lytham Company of the 4th BattalionLoyal North Lancashire Regiment

J http://1914-1918.invisionzone.com/forums

Formed in Lytham and St Annes 'E' Company 4th Loyals (Territorials) are the most likely men of Lytham to be called 'Pals'. They descended from the Volunteer Company which was founded in Lytham in 1849. The Squire, John Talbot Clifton, took this company of Militia to Malta, the first Militia to go abroad. ('Lytham' by Ed Ashton) They also served in South Africa.The Territorials, as such, were formed about 1911 and built an Armoury on land behind the Clifton Arms. They were led by Captain (later Major) Harry Nickson, and contained men from Lytham, Freckleton, Kirkham, Wesham and Warton. When war broke out they were recalled from their annual camp at Kirby Lonsdale, and marched out of Lytham on the 6th August 1914 for Preston to join up with the other seven 4th Loyals, and became the 1st/4th Loyal North Lancashire Regiment.


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Evidence Comments

Key:

• A - Coastal Defences and Gun Emplacements • F - Aircraft factories and Airfields• B - Air raid shelters and Pillboxes • G - Boat and Seaplanes building• C - Military hospitals, VAD’s and convalescent homes • H - Bomb/Crash sites and Bombing Decoys • D - Military training facilities and camps (incl. PoW Camps) I - Official residence or offices• E - Explosives and munitions factories J - other

Notes:

1. Map references are those given in the evidence indicated for from personal knowledge.

2. Sources of evidence given are not necessarily included with those of the report and are retained in the context of the site type and location.

3. Reference numbers on the table are not consecutive.

Appendix ‘D’ Fylde Wartime Feature Record(Adapted from the form Appendix A available at:

www.nationaltrust.org.uk/main/w-arch4.pdf)

National Grid Ref:

NT/N/SMR number (If known):

Location Area:

Monument Name:

Monument Type & Period:

DESCRIPTION:

Dimensions: Height:

Width:

Depth:

Building Fabric/Bonding/Roof Materials:

Photo Taken? Y / N Taken by:

Image Ref:

Sketch (Proximity to other features):

Condition:

Stability/deterioration:

Vulnerability:

Good Moderate Poor Destroyed

Stable Slow Rapid

Low Medium High

http://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/main/w-arch4.pdf

www.nationaltrust.org.uk/main/w


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Damaged by: (tick one or more)

Potential Slight Moderate Severe

Burrowing animals

Sheep

Other stock

People (erosion)

Vegetation

Burning

Cultivation

Tree planting

Storm damage

Water action

Neglect

Mining quarrying

Metal detector activity

Vandalism

Vehicles

Road construction

Building work

Disturbance/intrusion

Demolition

No factors apply

Info not available

Further Comments:

MANAGEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS:

Future research:

Significance of the feature:

Compiled by:

Date of Site Visit:

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