The future of the Brazilian aeronautical sector and thecooperation Sweden-Brazil

Prof. Luiz Carlos S. GóesProrector for Research and Post-graduate Studies

Instituto Tecnológico de AeronáuticaITA-DCTA

São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil

Outline

1. The Brazilian aeronautical sector and the international scenario;

2. The Brazilian aeronautical industry: challenges and opportunities;

3. Brazil-Sweden opportunities for cooperation in aeronautics;

4. Summary and Conclusions;

1. The Brazilian aeronautical sector

The Brazilian aeronautical sector is comprised of:

Civil aviation sector;

Military aviation sector;

National airport and air traffic infrastructure;

Aeronautical industry;

Scientific-technological infrastructure for aeronauticalR&D, including aeronautical schools, universities, researchinstitutes and its specialized human resources.

1.1. The Brazilian civil aeronautical sector

A large integrative company (OEM) with global integration, manufacturerof commercial jets, business jets and military aircraft – EMBRAER .

Subsidiaries of large international groups active in the aerospaceindustry, suppliers and partners risk of Embraer (Aernnova - OldGamesa, Sobraer - Sonaca Brazilian Aeronautics, Latécoère, C & DInteriors, Parker Hannifin, GKN).

About 300 medium, small, and micro enterprises (MSMEs), suppliers ofgoods and services, of which about 100 have major market in the airlineindustry.

About 500 companies providing maintenance, repair and overhaul ofaircraft engines and aircraft systems (MRO).

Specialized companies to manufacture UAVs and light aircraft.

1.2 The international scenario of the civil aeronautical sector

Since the 2nd World War the consolidation of the aeronautical sector resulted in the

merging and disappearance of many international aircraft manufacturers:

In North-America, US companies such as Douglas, North

American, Convair, Lockheed, have been replaced by Boeing Commercial

Airplanes. The Canada Air gave origin to Bombardier;

In Europe many British, French and Germany a/c manufacturer have been replaced

by the conglomerate Air Bus Group;

In South-America, Embraer is now a major player in the regional aircraft sector.

Unique factors influence the aeronautical industry and has a profound effecton the distribution of aircraft manufactures around the world (Fig byMcKinsey);

1.3 Main characteristics of the Aeronautical Industry

As compared with other industries the distribution around the world of the aerospace manufactures is influenced by its unique structural attributes and business practices of the sector.

1.4 The main players of the international civil aeronautical sector

• Presently the “wide-body” (300-600 pax) and large “narrow-body” (130-300 pax)

civil market is shared between Boeing and Air Bus, while the “regional jet” aircraft

segment (60-120 pax) is shared between Embraer and Bombardier;

OEM

RevenuesOperational

(US$ bi)

R&D Investment(US$bi)

EBIT (US$ mi) Employees

Airbus Comercial

38,46 3,24 562 124.770

Boeing CommercialAirplanes (BCA)

34,02 3,69 1.973 163.100

Bombardier Aerospace

8,92 0,14 510 67.730

Embraer 4,68 0,18 361 17.089

1.3. The Brazilian aeronautical industry: regional jet market

The Brazilian aeronautical industry has a competitive advantage in the global market New challenges and development opportunities to keep this privileged position

1.6 The contribution of aeronautical sector to the Brazilian foreign trade balance

2. The Brazilian aeronautical industry: challenges and opportunities

• New competitors in the international market of regional

jets aircrafts;

• New technological challenges in the global market;

• New challenges related to the development of a national

aeronautical defense system;

• New systems and tools for air traffic control and data

management.

2.1. New players in the international market

More recently other players are entering the market of “regionaljets”, such as China, Russia, Japan and Malaysia, bringing new challengesto the Brazilian aeronautical industry.

ARJ-21 (China) Regional Jet (90 pax) Compete w/ Emb175 • Prototype operational

• No date to enter themarket

SSJ-100 (Russia) Regional Jet ( 75 - 100 pax) Compete w/ Emb-170, Emb-175 andEmb-190

• First delivery 2011

• Consortium Italy-Russia

MRJ-70 and MRJ-91

(Japan) Regional Jet (70-90 pax)

Compete w/ Emb-170 e Emb-175 • First flight 2012

• Deliveries started 2013

• 120 firm orders inseveral countries

HONDAJET

(Japan)

Executive Jet (5 pax) Compete w/ EMB models

Phenom 100 and

Phenom 300

• Test phase

• First delivery 2012

2.2 New technological challenges in the global market

The international competition in the aeronautical sector has increaseddue to unique factors:

• The world wide economical crisis and its effect in the globalaeronautical markets;

• Nationally based technological factors and the entrance of newcompetitors suported by strong nationalist states(China, Russia, Malaysia);

• The growth of LCC “low-cost carriers” and hybrid “low cost + traditionalcarriers” with greater influence on the demand for more effcientaircrafts ;

• The growing pressure of environmental policies, to reduce fuelemission, more silent aircraft, with sustainable use of (green) bio-fuelsare amog the main factors ;

2.3. The challenges of the Brazilian defense industry

• Network Centric Warfare: Electronic countermeasure, C4ISTAR –Command, Control, Communications, Computers, Intelligence, Surveillance, Target Acquisition & Reconaissance; C2 – Comand & Control;

• Unmanned Autonomous Systems (UAS): autonomous guided plataformsfor tactical, long duration and surveillance applications; new technologiesfor navigation and critical systems for sense and avoid, vison basedsystems, goal oriented intelligent systems, adaptive control and softwarefor critical applications;

• Human-in-the-Loop: Development of user friendly computational andcognitive systems to mitigate fadique and stress in combat;

• Electronic Warfare and Cybernetic War

• Assymetrical warfare and crisis management.

2.4. New systems for air traffic control

• New architecture for air traffic control to cope with increasing number of aircraft

in operation worldwide (up to three times over the next decade);

• Projects such as NextGen (USA) and SESAR (Europe) point to the use of more

automated and accurate GPS-based operations systems. To reduce the distances

between aircraft the paths should be optimized (eg climbing, cruise and

continuous descend), imposing an airport and air traffic able to accommodate this

high density operation infrastructure;

• Emphasis on technologies for automation of pilot interaction and tower control;

• Detection and mitigation of Wake Vortex;

• GPS-based navigation (4D).

3. The Research Agenda: present and future

New aeronautical concepts including the optimization of the conventionalconfiguration (wing+fuselage+stabilizers), wing-body blendconfiguration, double bubble configuration,

Propulsion: new motorization such as Geared Turbo-Fan (GTF), AdvancedTurbo-Fan (AFT) e Open-Rotor; with the use of bio-fuels

Aerodynamics: flow control for laminar flow, load factor active control, high-aspect ratio wings, new methodologies for high fidelity CFD andcomputational tools for computational aeroacoustics;

Advanced aeronautical structures with concepts of tailored structures; 2ndgeneration composite structures, and very-light hybrid aeronauticalstructures;

Advanced manufacturing with application of robotic automation;

Development of new computational tools to develop a Virtual Aircraft toreduce the lead time of new projects and its certification by wind tunnel andflight test validation;

4. Brazil-Sweden opportunities for cooperation in aeronautics

• Brazilian Universities:

– State of São Paulo (ITA/DCTA; USP-EESC; UFABC;UNESP-IS)

– State of Minas Gerais (UFMG, UFU, UNIFEI)

– State of Santa Catarina (UFSC);

– Federal District (UNB).

• Brazilian Industrial Partners: Embraer, Akaer, Mectron, Flight

Technologies.

4. Brazil-Sweden opportunities for cooperation in aeronautics

• Aeronautical Research Programs:

– FAPESP (PICTA)

– FNDCT : CT-AERO; CT-Espaço

– PNPC: Aeronautical Platform

– FINEP: R&D

• Research with Industrial Partners:

Embraer, Akaer, Mectron, Flight Technologies (INOVA-Aerodefesa)

Flight Physics Modeling and

Simulation

Integrated Flight Dyn. Aeroservoelasticity

Aeroacustics

Noise Emission

Lightweight Structures Special /

Composite Materials

Integrated Aircraft Propulsion Systems

ITA - Prof. Roberto Gil

LNCA framework

Green, Ultra Safe, Integrated, Mobility, Economic /

Social Affairs

MDOConceptual

Design

Surrogate /ROM (NL)

Industry Regional Benefits(Aerospace & Defense)

Academic FormationR&D Orientation

ExperimentsSupp. Labs

4. Brazil-Sweden opportunities for cooperation in aeronautics

• Aerodynamics (USP-EESC)

4. Brazil-Sweden opportunities for cooperation in aerodynamics (USP-EESC)

4. Brazil-Sweden opportunities for cooperation in adaptive structures

• Morphing Wings (USP-SC: Catalano, Marcus AngeloPatent required)

4. Brazil-Sweden opportunities for cooperation in flight control

• Flight Mechanics and Control

Development of a Methodology for

Multidisciplinar, Multiobjective Optimization of

Conceptual Design of Aircrafts (USP-EESC: Álvaro

Abdalla; LIU: Prof. Petter Krus)

Challenges

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Smart Repair

Motivation

- What type of technique?

- What type of sensor?

- What the “best” position of the sensors?

- What number of the sensors?

- What type of metric to identify the damage?

- What damage model to quantify residual strength?

Many

Questions?

Identification, Localization and Extension of the

Damage, as well as Residual Strength

Composite

Structures

Structural Health Monitoring

25

Tuned Damped Optical Table Upgradable to SmartTable® IQ® DampingElectronic equipment for circuit

design, breadboarding and testing

Development of smart structures for energy harvesting, vibration control and shape morphing

in the context of aerospace systems. The exploitation of piezoelectric materials is tested for

low power consumption network and energy harvesting capabilities. The laboratory is

equipped with the following facilities:Data acquisition systems and exciter

Piezoelectric and SMAmaterials: smart materialsfor sensing and actuation

in broad range ofapplication

Laboratory Smart StructureUSP-SC

• Blower wind tunnels

• Whirl Tower

Digital Laser Vibrometer –PDV 1000

26/16

Specifica(ons

LMS SCADAS Mobile data acquisition system

16 channels for ICP/Voltage sensor acquisi8ons 8 channels for strain transducer acquisi8ons4 channels for general purpose signal

generation module

TMS Miniature shaker model: K2007E01

Force ra8ng 31N (7 lbf) Frequency range DC to 11 kHz

APS 113 ELECTRO-­­SEIS LongStroke Shaker

APS 125 Voltage Mode/ Current Mode Amplifier

Long stroke 158 mm (6.25 inch) peak-peak

Max. force 133 N (30 lbf) or 186 N (42 lbf)

Frequency Range DC ... 200 Hz

ICP PCB Piezotronics accelerometers

sensitivity (±15%): 10mV/gfrequency range: 1 to 10000 Hz

measurement range (pk): ±500g

16-­­channel, line-­­powered, ICP®

sensor signal cond. (base model -­­ requires op8ons).

dSPACE DS1104 R&DController Board

Single-­­board system with real-­­8me hardware and comprehensive I/O

Microphone

array

260mics

Fly-over beamform

Programa de Desenvolvimento TecnológicoEMBRAER-FINET-CTAero

Projeto Aeronave Silenciosa Fase II: “DSA -Desenvolvimento de soluções aprimoradas, através de ensaios

aeroacústicos, para o problema de ruído externo de aeronaves” . Parceria Embraer e USP.

The Project Silent Aircraft Phase II is a partnership

between Embraer e USP/EESC. The program is supported

by Finep, USP and Embraer, and is coordinated by

USP/EESC.

O Projeto Aeronave Silenciosa Fase II tem por objetivo

desenvolver tecnologia para redução de ruído de

aeronaves. Além da USP/EESC, outras quatro instituições

participam da iniciativa: Escola Politécnica da

USP, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU) e

Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC).

Email: catalanofm@gmail.com

Application of Viscoelastic Materials (LVA-UFSC)

Vibroacoustic Studies of CompositePannels (LVA-UFSC)

Measurement of Transmission Noise through Aircraft Pannels

Simulation of Internal Noise Generation in Aircraft

UFSC

Aplication of different computational tools dor simulation of internalaircraft noise and its validation with experimental techniques

Beamforming – Identification of external noise sourcesUFSC

5. Summary and Conclusions

Brazil dominates the full technological cycle in the development and certification of civil and military

aircraft, in spite of the technology used by major suppliers is imported.

The industry has achieved high technical levels with Brazilian engineers dominating all the followed

technological trajectory.

From the point of view of national integration company, it is required investment in pre-competitive

technologies in Brazil. From the point of view of chain of suppliers, investment is concentrated in the

United States, Europe and Japan.

There are countries with significant leadership from the technological point of view, as the United

States, Canada, Europe and Japan => currently the technological gap in relation to Brazil is

sensitive, however in certain technological areas, this distance is considerably greater - for example, in

system avionics and propulsion.

The expansion of the sector depends on government support => tax equality with the imported

product, sales support on adherence to OECD standards, and lines of credit for developing, producing, in

compliance with WTO rules and support the elimination technical barriers in target countries.

References

The material presented here was taken from the following references :

• Diagnóstico do Setor Aeronáutico, 2ª Reunião do Comitê Executivo deDefesa, Aeronáutico e Espacial, Plano Brasil Maior, Fevereiro de 2012;

• Plataformas Demonstradoras Tecnológicas Aeronáuticas: Experiências comprogramas internacionais, modelagem funcional aplicável ao Brasil e importânciada sua aplicação para o País, ABDI, 2012, ISBN: 978-85-61323-17-2

• Proceedings do Workshop sobre Programa Nacional de Plataformas doConhecimento (PNPC), ITA, Outubro, 2014.