the future of quark matter at rhic
DESCRIPTION
The Future of Quark Matter at RHIC. higher luminosity + detector upgrades → how does this new plasma work?. Barbara Jacak Stony Brook. Compelling reasons for higher luminosity*. * and upgrading STAR, PHENIX. Entirely new questions posed by RHIC fast thermalization mechanism? - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
The Future of Quark Matter at RHIC
higher luminosity + detector upgrades → how does this new plasma work? Barbara Jacak
Stony Brook
Barbara Jacak QM06Nov. 19, 2006 2
Compelling reasons for higher luminosity*
Entirely new questions posed by RHICfast thermalization mechanism?how low is the viscosity of the liquid?response of the plasma to deposited energy?what is the color screening length? is the initial state a color glass condensate?
Early questions still outstandingnature of phase transition? critical point?equation of state of hot QCD matter?do heavy quark bound states melt?can dilepton observables provide evidence for chiral
symmetry restoration?
* and upgradingSTAR, PHENIX
Barbara Jacak QM06Nov. 19, 2006 3
RHIC and the phase transition
lattice says: collisions at RHIC map interesting region
30)( 2
4
TT
Recall per massless degree of freedom
Tinit ~ 300 MeV
Tfinal ~ 100 MeV
Barbara Jacak QM06Nov. 19, 2006 4
There is some space left!
STAR PHENIX
Barbara Jacak QM06Nov. 19, 2006 5
Full Barrel Time-of-Flight system
DAQ and TPC-FEE upgrade
Forward Meson Spectrometer
Integrated Tracking Upgrade
HFT pixel detector Barrel
silicon tracker
Forward silicon tracker
Forward triple-GEM EEMC tracker
STAR Upgrades
Barbara Jacak QM06Nov. 19, 2006 6
STAR TPC performance
distortion effects from space charge in TPC successfully corrected (to level of 100-200 m)
procedures to tackle event pileup demonstrated in p+p and Cu+Cu collisionsexpected to be successful also at higher luminosities
new readout electronics part of DAQ upgrade
fall 2006 review report
Barbara Jacak QM06Nov. 19, 2006 7
NCCNCC
MPCMPC
VTX & FVTX
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 rapidity
cove
rage
2
HBD
EMC
AL
EMC
AL
(i) 0 and direct with combination of all electromagnetic calorimeters(ii) heavy flavor with precision vertex tracking with silicon detectors
combine (i)&(ii) for jet tomography with -jet (iii) low mass dilepton measurments with HBD + PHENIX central arms
Upgraded PHENIX Acceptance
Barbara Jacak QM06Nov. 19, 2006 8
RHIC II
electron cooling L x40
low energy runpossible now# steps increased by cooling
~30% higher with U+Ufeasible with EBIShigher v2 sensitivity (if geometry controllable) constrain hydrocentral nose-on collisions rare – aided by higher L
Expe
cted
who
le v
erte
x m
inbi
as e
vent
rat
e [H
z]
T. Roser, T. T. Roser, T. SatogataSatogata
Barbara Jacak QM06Nov. 19, 2006 9
Compelling reasons for higher luminosity*
Entirely new questions posed by RHICfast thermalization mechanism?how low is the viscosity of the liquid?response of the plasma to deposited energy?what is the color screening length? is the initial state a color glass condensate?
Early questions still outstandingnature of phase transition? critical point?equation of state of hot QCD matter?do heavy quark bound states melt?can dilepton observables provide evidence for chiral
symmetry restoration?
* and upgradingSTAR, PHENIX
Barbara Jacak QM06Nov. 19, 2006 10
how to measure viscosity and EOS?
radial, directed & elliptic flowmass dependence of flow ↔ EOSideal QGP: p = /3
resonance gas: p > /3
multistrange hadrons v
separate late stage dissipation from early viscous effects D meson v2 → thermalization timecompare to viscous 3D hydro
also fluctuations, & * precision science:
scan system size & energy
non-photonicsingle electrons
Barbara Jacak QM06Nov. 19, 2006 11
Detector upgrades improve PID
PHENIX SiVX, RHIC I
vertex detector →D, B meson flowidentified v2 with TOF barrel
RHIC II allows energy scan
PHENIX SiVX, RHIC IIv2
Barbara Jacak QM06Nov. 19, 2006 12
urgently need theory homework!
how to solve relativistic viscous hydrodynamics?both theory and phenomenology
implement in 3D and run for data comparisoncharm & strangeness v2 to probe limitations of hydroimprove pT reach
viscosity: an average quantitypick apart momentum transport by different particles?
but this cannot be at the expense of fundamental theory!understand the initial state (CGC→ glasma→ plasma)thermalization? observables of instabilitiespre-equilibrium matter dynamics (e.g. molecular dynamics)
Barbara Jacak QM06Nov. 19, 2006 13
high luminosity energy scan
map energy loss and medium response as function of T, B
Preliminary
Barbara Jacak QM06Nov. 19, 2006 14
where is the QCD critical point?
energy scan up to B ~ 500 MeVelectron cooling will make this faster & allow finer steps
Barbara Jacak QM06Nov. 19, 2006 15
Compelling reasons for higher luminosity*
Entirely new questions posed by RHICfast thermalization mechanism?how low is the viscosity of the liquid?response of the plasma to deposited energy?what is the color screening length? is the initial state a color glass condensate?
Barbara Jacak QM06Nov. 19, 2006 16
Need better statistics at high pT
C. Loizideshep-ph/0608133v2
10%)ty (Probabili
/fmGeV 24ˆ6 2
q
from J. Lajoie talk
Barbara Jacak QM06Nov. 19, 2006 17
Transport and extracting parameters from data
transport in plasmas is driven by collisionstransport of particles → diffusiontransport of energy by particles → thermal conductivitytransport of momentum by particles → viscositytransport of charge by particles → electrical conductivity
how is color charge transported? need theory progress to make it precision science
transport in medium where coupling is not weakcan J.P. Blaizot do this with resummation????
scattering of particles from color fields (coherent?)precise calculation of collective excitation observablesprecise calculation of parton splittings in expanding medium
Barbara Jacak QM06Nov. 19, 2006 18
probe medium: precision correlations w/ 1 GeV h
h-2h: jet-jetgolden channel: -jet
at RHIC II: 5K 0, 10K direct (pT ≥ 20 GeV) 7K -h in PHENIX 80K 20 GeV -h and 5K 10GeV + 2h(≥4 GeV) in ±1 unit y
Barbara Jacak QM06Nov. 19, 2006 19
but wait, this is LHC territory!
Is RHIC II still exciting?
Two basic regions:hard-hard correlations to study energy losshard-soft(ish) correlations for medium response
look at annual yields of events
Barbara Jacak QM06Nov. 19, 2006 20
events per year
W.Vogelsang NLORHIC II L= 20nb-1 LHC: 5 weeks run
0 suppression at RHIC & LHC
NB: large at RHIC improves direct as probe!
Barbara Jacak QM06Nov. 19, 2006 21
-h-h events per year
Many 3 particle coincidence events! Maybe full jet reco too…Jet energies lower than LHC…
STAR &upgraded PHENIX
Barbara Jacak QM06Nov. 19, 2006 22
but ~10 GeV is where the medium action is!
energy loss studies by 20 GeV jets should be accessible
pT trigger > 8 GeV/c
STAR nucl-ex/0604018
Barbara Jacak QM06Nov. 19, 2006 23
Compelling reasons for higher luminosity*
Entirely new questions posed by RHICfast thermalization mechanism?how low is the viscosity of the liquid?response of the plasma to deposited energy?what is the color screening length? is the initial state a color glass condensate?
Early questions still outstandingnature of phase transition? critical point?equation of state of hot QCD matter?do heavy quark bound states melt?
Barbara Jacak QM06Nov. 19, 2006 24
screening length: onium spectroscopy
40% of J/ from and ’ decays they are screened but direct J/ not?
Karsch, Kharzeev, Satz, hep-ph/0512239
Barbara Jacak QM06Nov. 19, 2006 25
how to do better?
improve precision of datalarger pT reach
extend measurement to heavier states
theory effort needed
STAR Prelim.p+p 200 GeV
e+e- Minv
Barbara Jacak QM06Nov. 19, 2006 26
Annual yields at RHIC II & LHC from Tony Frawley RHIC Users mtg.
at LHC: x10-50 but 10% of L and 25% running time
Barbara Jacak QM06Nov. 19, 2006 27
Long term RHIC facility strategy
Barbara Jacak QM06Nov. 19, 2006 28
Compelling reasons for higher luminosity
Entirely new questions posed by RHICfast thermalization mechanism? *how low is the viscosity of the liquid?response of the plasma to deposited energy? *what is the color screening length? is the initial state a color glass condensate? *
Early questions still outstandingnature of phase transition? critical point?equation of state of hot QCD matter?do heavy quark bound states melt?can dilepton observables provide evidence for chiral
symmetry restoration?
* could motivatenew experiment
Barbara Jacak QM06Nov. 19, 2006 29
backup slides
Barbara Jacak QM06Nov. 19, 2006 30
Relevance to Heavy Ion Collisions Collisions at RHIC
efficiently translate initial gluon stateStrong shadowing?Saturated gluons?Color Glass
Condensate?to final thermal state
Difficult to understand this efficiency without invoking some form of dense gluonic initial state
We would rather measure than invoke An electron-Ion collider
from B. Zajc DNP
Barbara Jacak QM06Nov. 19, 2006 31
RHIC II will get us
from “oh wow!”we have found a surprising new form of matter
to “aha!”here is how it workshow QGP relates to and helps progress in other fields
Barbara Jacak QM06Nov. 19, 2006 32
v2
v3 viscosity is a dissipative effect drive local equilibrium towards global equilibrium.
So higher viscosity means lower v2, and also lower v3, v4, etc. (v1 is a special case, since it obeys a sum rule).
A method to extract viscosity
• Colliding asymmetric systems will allow us access to odd values of vn
Is v3 more sensitive than v2 to viscosity?• Need A+B running with statistics comparable to Run4/5• Takes advantage of RHIC flexibility & luminosity (feasible at
LHC?)• Currently work on 3-D hydro and hydro+viscosity• Need to combine Hydro with cascade with Reco
• Paul Stankus
Barbara Jacak QM06Nov. 19, 2006 33
Dileptons & chiral symmetry restoration?
Search for critical point bulk hadron production and fluctuations
Requires moderate luminosity do-able in next few years?
Chiral symmetry restoration dilepton production
Requires upgraded luminosity With electron cooling:
4 weeks run, 25% recording eff. electron trigger
√s = 20 GeV 109 events 2 GeV 107 events
CERES ~ 4x107, NA60 sampled ~ 1010 In+In
Expe
cted
who
le v
erte
x m
inbi
as e
vent
rat
e [H
z]
T. Roser, T. SatogataT. Roser, T. Satogata
RHIC Heavy Ion Collisions
Increase by factor 100with electron cooling
Barbara Jacak QM06Nov. 19, 2006 34
need to measure T directly!
Temperature via blackbody radiationreal & virtual as a function of
e+e- also signal any late stage medium modification of hadrons huge backgrounds below 1.5 GeV mass or E detector upgrades to reject decays & measure charm
Barbara Jacak QM06Nov. 19, 2006 35
Plasma properties we will measure at RHIC II
property measurement
T as fn. of
equation of state particle flows as fn. of critical point location
screening length onium spectroscopy
(x,v) jet tomography
diffusion open C, B spectra & flow
viscosity strange & charmed hadron flows used to constrain 3d hydro
energy transport >2 particle correlations vs. T, pT
Barbara Jacak QM06Nov. 19, 2006 36
to explore at RHIC II ≥ 2014
property measurement challengequantify screening length
Y(2s), Y(3s)
c in Au+Au
statistics (acceptance) resolution? (~100 MeV)S/B, granularity?
medium modified fragmentation fn.
-identified hadron correlations
>5 GeV/c h statistics (acc)direct tag/decay subtract. (granularity?? acceptance)
chiral symmetry chiral partners (a1, )
? doable? granularity?
thermalization time flow of high pT non- 0 di-hadrons pT>20 GeV
acceptance, trigger, momentum resolution
plasma parton correlations
? something new?
Barbara Jacak QM06Nov. 19, 2006 37
role of B decays in electron RAAand v2 ?
need RHIC II luminosity & deterctor upgrades direct probe of extent & timescale of thermalization? RHIC II will yield
statistics for v2, pT reach for heavy quarksallow scan of systems with exclusive decay channelsrelative abundance of charmed hadron states
inner trackers for PHENIX and STAR
Barbara Jacak QM06Nov. 19, 2006 38
use this technique to measure viscosity
melt crystal with laser lightinduce a shear flow (laminar)image the dust to get velocitystudy: spatial profiles vx(y) moments, fluctuations → T(x,y) curvature of velocity profile → drag forces viscous transport of drag in direction from lasercompare to viscous hydro. extract shear viscosity/mass densityPE vs. KE competition governs coupling & phase of matterCsernai,Kapusta,McLerran nucl-th/0604032
Barbara Jacak QM06Nov. 19, 2006 39
minimum at phase boundary?
B. Liu and J. Goree, cond-mat/0502009
minimum arises because kinetic part of decreases with & potential part increases; measure by density-density correlation
seen in strongly coupled dusty plasma
Csernai, Kapusta & McLerran nucl-th/0604032
Barbara Jacak QM06Nov. 19, 2006 40
shear generallya phenomenonin crystals butnot liquids
Barbara Jacak QM06Nov. 19, 2006 41
Temperature: hydro, eloss say 380-400 MeV proton pion
Hydro models:Teaney(w/ & w/oRQMD)
Hirano(3d)
Kolb
Huovinen(w/& w/oQGP)
nucl-ex/0410003
Barbara Jacak QM06Nov. 19, 2006 42
Plasmas exhibit screening
Debye length: distance where influence of an individual charged particle is felt by the other particles in the plasma
charged particles arrange themselves so as to effectively shield any electrostatic fields within a distance D
D = 0kT
------- nee2
Debye sphere = sphere with radius D
number electrons inside Debye sphere is typically largeND= N/VD= VD VD= 4/3 D
3
1/2
in strongly coupled plasmas it’s 1
Barbara Jacak QM06Nov. 19, 2006 43
Debye screening in QCD: a tricky concept
in leading order QCD (O. Philipsen, hep-ph/0010327)
vv
Barbara Jacak QM06Nov. 19, 2006 44
don’t give up! ask lattice QCD
runn
ing
coup
ling
coupling drops off for r > 0.3 fm
Karsch, et al.
Barbara Jacak QM06Nov. 19, 2006 45
screening masses from gluon propagator
Screening mass, mD, defines inverse length scaleInside this distance, an equilibrated plasma is sensitive to
insertion of a static sourceOutside it’s not.
T dependence of electric &magnetic screening massesQuenched lattice studyof gluon propagator
figure shows: mD,m= 3Tc, mD,e= 6Tc at 2Tc D ~ 0.4 & 0.2 fm
magnetic screening mass is non-zeronot very gauge-dependent, but DOESgrow w/ lattice size (long range is important)
Nakamura, Saito & Sakai, hep-lat/0311024
Barbara Jacak QM06Nov. 19, 2006 46
Implications of D ~ 0.3 fm
can use to estimate Coupling parameter, = <PE>/<KE> but also = 1/ND
for D = 0.3fm and = 15 GeV/fm3
VD = 4/3 D3 = 0.113 fm3
ED = 1.7 GeVto convert to number of particles, use gT or g2T
for T ~ 2Tc and g2 = 4get ND = 1.2 – 2.5 ~ 1
NB: for ~ 1plasma is NOT fully screened – it’s strongly coupled!affects interaction other strongly coupled plasmas behave as liquids, even
crystals for ≥ 150dusty plasmas, cold atoms+ions , warm dense matter
Barbara Jacak QM06Nov. 19, 2006 47
plasma ionized but macroscopically neutral
exhibit collective effectsinteractions among charges of multiple particlesspreads charge out into characteristic (Debye) length, D
>1 particles inside this length, screen each other “normal” plasmas: EM interaction
can vary , T independently photon p, usually irrelevantcan be strongly or weakly coupled
QCD plasmaT determines all properties (heavy q mass sets new scale)intrinsically strongly coupled for accessible T
quarks & gluons NOT asymptotically “free to roam”…not your mother’s plasma…
Barbara Jacak QM06Nov. 19, 2006 48
HQ Energy Loss and Flow
Radiative energy loss only fails to reproduce v2
HF.
Heavy quark transport model has reasonable agreement with both RAA and v2
HF.
Small relaxation time or diffusion coefficient DHQ
inferred for charm.
nucl-ex/0611018(submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett.)
Talk: F. Kajihara (2.1.07)