the future of architecture in 100 buildings
DESCRIPTION
thanks all see you.TRANSCRIPT
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CONTENTS
Introduction
Howwechosethesebuildings
EXTREMELOCATIONS
REINVENTION
GETBETTER
POP-UP
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SHAPE-SHIFTERS
DRIVE
NATUREBUILDING
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SHELTERFROMTHESTORM
SHRINK
SOCIALCATALYSTS
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FAST-FORWARD
PhotoCredits
AuthorThanks
AbouttheAuthor
WatchMarcKushner’sTEDTalk
RelatedTalksonTED.com
AboutTEDBooks
ComingSoon
AboutTED
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Introduction
Thisbookwantsyoutoaskmorefromarchitecture.
Youliveinahouse,youworkinanoffice,yousendyourkidstoaschool.Theseplacesaren’tjustthebackdroptoyourlife,theyshapeyourlife—theydefinewhoyousee,whatyousee,andhowyouseeit.
Architectureimpactshowyoufeeleveryday,whichisn’tsurprisingconsideringhowmuchtimeweallspendinsidebuildings.TheaverageAmerican,forexample,spends90percentoftheirtimeindoors,yetsomanyofourbuildingsleaveuswithoutnaturallight,shelteruswithlowceilings,andignoreourpersonal,social,andenvironmentalneeds.
Itdoesn’thavetobelikethis.Wecancontrolthispowerfulforce—wejusthavetostartaskingmorefromourbuildings.
Thisarchitecturalrevolutionisalreadyuponus.Theaveragepersonismorecomfortablehavinganopinionaboutarchitecturetodaythaneverbefore,mostlyduetothedialogueenabledbysocialmedia.Theworld’s1.75billionsmartphonesarefundamentallychangingthewayarchitectureisconsumed,turningeveryoneintoanarchitecturalphotographer.Photographssharedonsocialmedialiberatebuildingsfromtheirgeographiclocations,enablinganewlevelofpublicengagement.Weexperiencearchitecturetodaywithanunprecedentedimmediacy,creatingfodderforaglobalconversationaboutbuildingsandtheirimpact.
Thiscommunicationsrevolutionismakingusallcomfortablecritiquingthebuiltenvironmentaroundus,evenifthatcriticismisjust“OMGIluvthis!”or“Thisplacegivesmethecreeps.”Thisfeedbackisremovingarchitecturefromtheexclusivepurviewofexpertsandcriticsandputtingpowerintothehandsofthepeoplewhomatter:everydayusers.Wehavestarted“liking”andhatingplacesoutloud.Architectscanhearusinrealtime,whichhasempowered(andsometimesevenforced)themtopursuenewideas—tocreatesolutionsthatrespondtotoday’smostpressingsocialandenvironmentalissues.
Inthisnewworld,oneinwhichpeopleareaskingmorefromtheirbuildings,architectsarenolongerboundbyanysinglestyleatanysingletime.Peopledon’twanttheirtownlibraryinSeattletolookthesameastheirgrandmother’slibraryinNewJersey.Evenarchitecturalhistoriansdon’tknowexactlywhatisgoingonrightnowbecauseeverythingischangingsofast.Infact,theywillneverknowwhatisgoingonagain,becausethefutureofarchitectureisafreneticwhirlwindofexperimentationandareevaluationoflong-acceptedhabits.
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Thisbookconsidersthepublictobeapartnerinarchitecture.Thequestionswecanaskofbuildings,andofarchitects,willcreateanewfuture—onethatwilllookalotdifferentthantheworldweknowtoday.Someofthequestionsthisbookposesmayseemsilly:Whatifacowbuiltyourhouse?Canweswiminpoop?Canweliveonthemoon?Buttwohundredyearsagoitwaswildtoask,WillIliveinthesky?Or,WillIneedasweaterinthesummer?Nowthatelevatorsandairconditioningenableustoliveinthecloudsandfreezeinaheatwave,wemustaskharder,moreimaginativequestions.
Architectshavetheknow-howtodesignbuildingsthataregreener,smarter,andfriendlier—andnowthepublicisapartnerinthisambition.Inonehundredexamples,thisbookisaprimeronhowyouandIandtheentireworldcanaskforgoodarchitecture.
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Howwechosethesebuildings
Themorethanonehundredprojectschosenforthisbookareanonscientificandpurelysubjectivecollectionofthemostinterestingandrelevantworkbeingdoneinthefieldofarchitecture.Theyrepresenteverycontinentintheworldandmultiplebuildingtypes.Theyarebigandsmall,conceptualandconcrete.TheywereinitiallyculledfrommorethanfivethousandArchitizerA+Awardsentriesandsupplementedbyexhaustiveresearch,conversations,andpersonalexperience.
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EXTREMELOCATIONS
Humankind’sdesiretoexploreandbuildinextremelocationsraisesacrucialquestion:How?HowwillscientistssurvivewhentheysettleattheNorthPole?HowwillnaturaliststakeshelterwhentheyobservereindeerintheNorwegiantundra?HowwillourchildrenlivewhentheylandonMars?
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1CanweliveintheharshestplaceonEarth?
Forgetouterspace—scientistsarestillnavigatingunchartedterritorieshereonEarth.ThisrelocatableresearchfacilitysitsontheBruntIceShelfatthesouthernmostAntarcticstation,operatedbytheBritishAntarcticSurvey.Perchedongiantski-likefoundations,hydrauliclegsallowthestationto“climb”outofthesnowafterheavyprecipitation;whentheiceshelfmovesouttoseainwarmerweather,modulescanbeloweredontoskisandtowedtoanewlocation.Settinganewbarforclimatechangeresearchinthepolarregions,itsspaceship-likeformdrawsmuch-deservedattentiontothisgroundbreakingwork.
Yoursurvivaldependsongooddesign.
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HalleyVIAntarcticResearchStation.AntarcticaHUGHBROUGHTONARCHITECTSANDAECOM,CONSTRUCTEDBYGALLIFORDTRYFORTHEBRITISHANTARCTICSURVEY
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2Whatdoesarchitecturelooklikeabove10,000feet?
Accessibleonlybygondola,thisAustrianskilodgesits11,000feetabovesealevel.Itisdesignedtoworkwiththenaturallandscape’ssheervisualandphysicalpower;thestructureisperchedonthemountain’ssummittoenablenature’sunique“snowarchitecture”toaccumulateandmeltunimpeded.Anabundanceofglasswindowsallowsfornearly360-degreeviews,framedbyaspeciallyengineeredfloorandroofdesignedtowithstandtheelementsandhugetemperatureswingsofthesetting.
Natureistheultimatearchitect.
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Wildspitzbahn.Tirol,AustriaBAUMSCHLAGERHUTTERPARTNERS
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3Canarchitecturebeapathintotheclouds?
TheseviewingplatformshoverabovetheTrollstigenroad,amountainoustouristpaththattwistsandturnsupnear-verticalslopesandperchesonadramaticpassbetweenNorway’sdeepfjords.Humansmayonlyvisit—andbuild—thereinthesummer,whentheweatherislessharsh,buttheplatformsmustwithstandweatherconditionsyear-round.Thoughtheroutedelicatelythreadsthroughthetreacherousterrain,itreliesonremarkablestrengthandcarefulengineeringtostandthetestofNorway’sharshelements.
Thebestarchitecturemakesusforgethowharditworks.
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TrollstigenNationalTouristRoute.Trollstigen,NorwayREIULFRAMSTADARKITEKTER
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4Whatdoreindeerdoallday?
AhikingtrailleadstoaspectacularsiteoverlookingtheDovrefjellmountainrangeincentralNorway,hometosomeofthelastremainingwildreindeerherdsinEurope.Asinewypavilioninvitesvisitorstowarmthemselveswhileobservingthelocalreindeerpopulation.Thestructureisanexerciseinmaterialcontrast—arigidoutershellofrawsteelandglasshousesasoftwoodencoreshapedlikethenearbyrocks,whichhavebeenerodedbywindsandrunningwaterforcenturies.
Architecturerewardstheadventurous.
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Tverrfjellhytta—NorwegianWildReindeerPavilion.Hjerkinn,NorwaySNØHETTA
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Tverrfjellhytta—NorwegianWildReindeerPavilion.Hjerkinn,NorwaySNØHETTA
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5Canmodernarchitectureinspirepilgrimage?
TheRutadelPeregrinoisapilgrimageroutethatwinds72milesthroughtheJaliscomountainrange.NearlytwomillionpeopleeachyearmakethearduouswalktohonortheVirginofTalpa.Thislookoutpointisoneofninepiecesofarchitecturedesignedtoprovidelandmarksandshelterforthesetravelers(andattractmorecasualvisitorstotherouteaswell).Balancedlikeaseesaw,itframestheviewatoneofthehighestpointsonthetrailandoffersamomentofrespitefromthetrail’sharshconditions.
Architecturecanmakethejourney.
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RutadelPeregrinoCrossesLookoutPoint. Jaliscomountains,MexicoELEMENTAL
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6CanyoudreambeneaththeNorthernLights?
ThisluxuryhotelusesIceland’sotherworldlylandscapetocreateacompletelyescapistexperienceforguests.Thearchitectschosethelocationverycarefully—locallorediscouragesdisturbingcave-dwellingelvesnearby.Withtheenvironmentinmind,thearchitectsmadeampleuseofrecycledmaterials;rubbertireswereremadeintobathroombasinsandlavaintolamps.Anearlyinfinite,yetsustainable,supplyofhotwatercomesfroma190-degrees-Celsiushotspringheatedbyanearbyvolcano.Andwhennighttimecomes,theheavensaboveputonashowlikenoneother.
Architecturerevealsouterspaceonourownplanet.
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IONLuxuryAdventureHotel. ThingvellirNationalPark,IcelandMINARC
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7Canabuildingstandontiptoe?
Atthisdesolateresort,thecabinsaredesignedtoencourageinhabitantstoappreciatetheisolationofthedesert.Ratherthanplantingeach20-square-meterEcoLofthotelroomonthegroundlikeatraditionalbuilding,thearchitectsdesignedthemtohoveroverthelandonthinsteelsupports.Theyarearrangedlikethebouldersaroundthesite,scatteredinapicturesquecomposition.
Ecotourismneedsecoarchitecture.
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EncuentroGuadalupe.BajaCalifornia,MexicoGRACIASTUDIO
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8Cananofficefloat?
TheArctiaShippingLtd.headquartersisafloatingofficebuildingwhosedesignreferencesitsneighbors:icebreakingbargesdockedontheKatajanokkashore,builttocombattheregion’sextremelylowtemperatures.Itshorizontalmassandcustomizedblacksteelfacadesmimictheblackhullsoftheships,whileinteriorfinishesoflacqueredwoodrecallearliershipbuildingtraditions.
Ifbuildingscanfloat,wholecitiescouldtoo.
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ArctiaShippingHeadquarters.Helsinki,FinlandK2SARCHITECTS
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9Canalandscraperhelpusreachthestars?
IntheChileanAtacamaDesertsitstheVeryLargeTelescope,aninstrumentthat’struetoitsname—it’soneofthelargestandmostadvancedpiecesofopticalequipmentonEarth.Atthisflagshipfacility,operatedbytheEuropeanSouthernObservatory,scientistsworkinginsevereclimaticconditions(intensesun,extremedryness,earthquakes)needlodgingthatwillhelpthemrestandrecoverbetweenworkshifts.Thishotelisdrapedacrossthelandscape,andhasbecomearespiteforthosemakingextendedvisitstothisbeautiful,harshenvironment.
Scientificprogressrequireshealthyscientists.
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EuropeanSouthernObservatory(ESO)Hotel. CerroParanal,ChileAUERWEBER
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10Canweliveonthemoon?
Whenwealleventuallyliveonthemoon,we’llneedtobeprotectedfromgammaradiation.Thisfour-persondwellingwilldojustthat,providingshelterfromhugetemperatureswingsandmeteorites.Inflatabledomesgivethestructureitsuniqueshape.Robotspoweredbysolarenergywill3-Dprintmoondust(regolith)ontoitssurface,creatingaprotectiveshellthatisultralightweightbecauseitrequiresnoglueorotherfasteners—itsparticlesbondtogethernaturally.Architectshavecreateda1.5-tonmock-upandhavetestedsmallmodulesinsideavacuumchamber.Lookforthefirststructuresoonatthemoon’ssouthpole.
Architecturalingenuityisn’tearthbound.
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3-Dprintedlunarhabitations.(Concept) FOSTER+PARTNERSWITHTHEEUROPEANSPACEAGENCY
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REINVENTION
It’sbadenoughtothrowoutaplasticbottle—imaginethrowingoutawholebuildingwhenyou’redonewithit!Newconstructioniswildlyinefficient,whichiswhy,forexample,90percentofconstructionactivityintheUnitedStatesoverthenexttenyearsisexpectedtobeonexistingbuildings.Agrainsilobecomesanartmuseum,andawatertreatmentplantbecomesanicon.Wecancreateanewfutureforourexistingbuildingsbyrepurposingourpast.
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11Canyoushopinacathedral?
Asthenumberofbrick-and-mortarbookstoresintheworlddwindles,theonesthatremainhavebecomesacredplacestoretreat.SowhatbetterplaceforaDutchbooksellertoreimagineitselfthaninsideathirteenth-centuryDominicancathedral?Thesoaringnaveallowsamplespaceforathree-story-highbookshelf,whichspansthelengthofthespaceandcontrastswiththeGothicstonearchitecturearoundit.
Retailtherapycanbeaholyexperience.
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SelexyzDominicanen.Maastricht,NetherlandsEVELYNEMERKX,MERKX+GIROD
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12Canrubbletellanewstory?
Rubblefromnaturaldisastersisreborn,fittingly,asahistorymuseuminChina.Architectsusedthedebrisaccumulatedthroughearthquakestobuildthefacadeofthisbuilding,commissionedbythecityofNingbo.Builtinthisway,thearchitects’visionbecomesaniconofthepastwhileadvancingsustainableideasofadaptingexistingmaterialstocontemporaryneeds.
Bricksdon’thaveanexpirationdate.
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NingboMuseum.Ningbo,ChinaWANGSHU
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13Canuglybepretty?
NewtownCreekisthelargestofNewYorkCity’sfourteenwastewatertreatmentplants.Thecitycouldhaveeasilystuckwithautilitariandesign,butinsteaditdecidedtoput$4.5billionintooverhaulingtheoutmodedandenvironmentallyunsoundwastewatertreatmentfacility,followingadesignthatissensitivetothesurroundingresidentialneighborhood.Workingwithateamthatincludedlightingartistsandanenvironmentalsculptor,thearchitectscreatedacomplexthatusesform,material,andcolortocreateastrikingvisualcomposition.
Industrialarchitecturedoesn’tneedtohideanymore.
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NewtownCreekWastewaterTreatmentPlant.Brooklyn,NewYork,UnitedStatesENNEADARCHITECTS
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14Wouldyoueatdinnerinasewerpipe?
Justtrynottothinkaboutit—stackedprecastconcretepipestraditionallyusedforwastewaterbecomeadramatic,sculpturaladditiontoanexistingpub.Linedwithwood,theycreateintimatediningnooksforthoseinside,andasenseofvoyeurismforthosewhopassby.
Functionfollowsform.
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PrahranHotel.Melbourne,AustraliaTECHNÉARCHITECTS
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15Howmuchwouldyoupaytosleepinafactory?
Repurposingfactoriesintotrendyhotelsishappeningaroundtheglobe—butthisisaparticularlystrikinginstanceofupdatedarchitecturebringingnewlifetoaformerlyindustrialsetting.OntheEastRiverinBrooklyn,thearchitectsstrippedandrestoredabrick,castiron,andtimber-framebuildingtocreateseventy-threeguestrooms.AroofadditionsmartlyusescontextualfactorywindowstocreatepanoramicviewsoftheManhattanskylinewhileformingavisibleicononBrooklyn’sownskyline.
Resteasyknowingyou’recoolerthaneveryoneelse.
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WytheHotel.Brooklyn,NewYork,UnitedStatesMORRISADJMIARCHITECTS
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16Howdoyouturnagrainsilointoanartmuseum?
Ahistoricgrainsilocomposedofforty-twoconcretetubeswillbecomeamuseumonCapeTown’swaterfront.Thestructurehadnoopenspacetobeginwith,soarchitectscutacrosssectionthrougheightofthecentralconcretesilos(newconcrete-cuttingtechniqueswillpreservetheiredgesandaddtexturetothespace).Theeffectisanovalatriumencircledbyconcreteshaftsoneveryside.Artistswillhavethechancetocreatesite-specificartinthesilo’soriginalundergroundtunnels.
Abuildingcangofromfeedingmouthstofeedingminds.
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ZeitzMuseumofContemporaryArtAfrica.CapeTown,SouthAfricaHEATHERWICKSTUDIO
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17Canabunkerbecomeapowerplant?
InthelandmarkruinsoftheWorldWarTwo-eraHamburg-Wilhelmsburgflakbunker,adrasticreimaginingofthestructure’spurposehastakenplace.It’snowagreenmachinethatconvertsheattoenergyandalmostwipesoutitsowncarbonfootprint.Butitshistoryhasn’tbeenforgotten—locatedinthemiddleofaresidentialarea,thebunkerisalsopublicallyaccessibleasamemorialwithacafé.
Architectureremindsusthatourmemoriesarepowerful.
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EnergyBunker.Hamburg,GermanyHHSPLANER+ARCHITEKTEN
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18Cansuperhighwaysmakegoodhouses?
Wehavealldrivenonhighwayswithoutrealizingtheirenormousness.Thishouseawakensustothescaleofourtransportationinfrastructure.It’smadeusinghugeprecastconcretebeamsthataretraditionallyfabricatedforhighwayconstruction.Aseriesofseeminglyimpossiblecantileversmakeusrethinkourperceptionsofgravityandscale.Andcheckoutthatswimmingpool!
Rethinkingtheobviouscancreatesomethingentirelynew.
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HemeroscopiumHouse.Madrid,SpainENSAMBLESTUDIO
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19Cananewskinsaveoldbones?
Whendeveloperslookedtotransforma1960shotelintoahigh-endapartmentbuilding,theirarchitectswantedtosaveasmuchofthebuildingaspossiblewhilestillupgradingitsperformanceandoverallimage.Theydidthisbycreatinga“secondskin”forthebuilding,whichtheyinstalledontotheexistingmasonryfacade.Thenewblackaluminumpanelshostaverticalgardenanddrasticallyimprovethethermalperformanceofthebuilding(andlookgreatdoingit).
Goodfortheenvironmentcanbegoodfortheeyes.
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142ParkStreet.SouthMelbourne,AustraliaBRENCHLEYARCHITECTS
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20Canhistoriccitieshavefuturisticpublicspaces?
WhenSevilledecidedtoreplacetheparkinglotandbusstationatitscitycenter,officialsweresurprisedtodiscoverRomanruinsbeneaththesurface.Whattodo?MetropolParasolwasthewinningschemeinaninternationalcompetitionthatmanagestoprotecttheruins,providespaceforshoppingandcafés,andcreateagrandnewpublicsquareforthestill-vibrantcity.ThesixmushroomlikeshadingdevicesproviderelieffromtheintenseAndalusiansun,andvisitorscanclimbtothetoptotakeinapanoramicviewofthewalledcity.Yetthecraziestpartofthisswoopylandmarkisn’titsform:ItismademostlyofwoodandisthelargestgluedstructureonEarth.
Citiesarenottimecapsules.
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MetropolParasol.Seville,SpainJ.MAYERH.ARCHITECTS
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MetropolParasol.Seville,SpainJ.MAYERH.ARCHITECTS
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21Canasubwaystationmakeyouwanttobeunderground?
ThisBudapestsubwaystationextensionwasplannedduringthe1980s,butwasn’timplementeduntilthenewmillennium.Newconstructiontechniquesallowedthearchitectstoexcavateagiantboxshapeanduseconcretebeamstostructureit.Thehapticcollectionofcolumns,beams,andescalatorsisilluminatedbythesunthroughaglassceiling,makingthissubterraneanspacefeellikeathree-dimensionaltrafficintersectionandtransformingitintoavaluedpublicspace.
Goodarchitectureisworththewait.
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M4FővámtérandSzentGellérttérstations.Budapest,HungarySPORAARCHITECTS
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22Canshippingcontainersbesurprising?
Shippingcontainers—uniforminsize,lowincost,availableeverywhere—offeranappealingbuildingblockforarchitects.BuilttoattractvisitorstotheAnyangwaterfront’spublicartprogram,theAPAPOpenSchoolpushestheboundariesofwhatthesemodulescando.Withonecontainerskewedataseeminglyimpossible45-degreeangleandanotherhovering3metersabovetheground,thestructurebecomesalandmarkwithinthecitywiththehelpofsomebrightyellowpaint.
Architecturecaninventextraordinaryusesforordinarymaterials.
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APAPOpenSchool.Anyang,KoreaLOT-EK
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23Cangoodarchitecturemake1+2=1?
TheMuseudeArtedoRioanditsadjacentschoolhadanidentityproblem.Theinstitutionsarecomposedofthreebuildings:a1910palace,amidcenturybusstation,andaformerpolicehospitalbuilding.Tocreateasingleidentity,thearchitectscreatedahoveringconcretecanopytovisuallyunitethedisparatepieces.Thankstobarely-visiblecolumns,thewave-likecanopyseemstofloatoverthemuseumcampus,abustlingrooftopplaza,andthecourtyardbelow.
Withtherightdesign,architecturecanbemorethanthesumofitsparts.
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MuseudeArtedoRio.RiodeJaneiro,BrazilJACOBSENARQUITETURA
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MuseudeArtedoRio.RiodeJaneiro,BrazilJACOBSENARQUITETURA
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GETBETTER
Buildingsimpactourhealthandwell-being.Ifyou’veeverfeltdepressedwhilesittinginawaitingroomwithlowceilingsandharsh,flickeringfluorescentlights,thenyouknowthepowerofarchitectureoverourpsyches.Theinverseistruetoo:buildingscanhaveahugelypositiveimpactonthepeoplewhodependonthem,frommedicalpatientsanddoctorstostudentsandtheelderly.
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24Canabrickbecomeahealingforce?
In2011,ButaroHospitalopeneda150-bedmedicalfacilitythatservesnearly350,000peopleinthisregionofRwanda.Inspiteofitsimpact,thehospitalstruggledtoattractdoctorstoworkthere.Thesolutioncameintheformofthesecharmingdoctors’homes,whichgiveforeignstaffapermanentresidencejustfiveminutesfromthehospital.Inbuildingthehomes,architectstookatrulyholisticviewofthecommunity’sneedsandusedtheprojectasanopportunitytoteachnewskilledtradestothelocalcommunity.On-siteworkshopstaughtlocalteamstomakecompressedstabilizedearthblocks—bricksthatareearthquake-safeandsustainable.Theseteamsalsolearnedtomakethehospital’scustomfurnitureandlightfixtures,aswellastheearth-stabilizinglandscapingtechniquescrucialtobringingagriculturetotheregion.Withatotalofninehundredskilledlaborerstrainedduringtheconstructionprocess,theeffortbroughtbetterbuildingpractices,nottomentionbettermedicine,toRwandaforgenerationstocome.
Buildingsbuildfutures.
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ButaroDoctors’Housing.Butaro,RwandaMASSDESIGNGROUP
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25Whatcanaspateachusaboutlight?
Adistinctivehotelbuiltin1967hasbecomeamainstayontheislandofMajorca.Itslatestrenovationincludesanewspa—onethatreliesonaninnovativenaturallightingdesigntocompletelytransformtheinteriorspaces.Inthepoolarea,thebuildingcanfinallytakeadvantageofitssunniestfacadesviaaroofandwallspunctuatedbyarraysofstrategicallyplacedwindows.Inthesparoomsandworkoutarea,hugeglasswindowsletguestsseethelandscape,whereassmalleropeningscreateadark,sereneenvironmentinquietareaslikethesauna.
Sunlightcanbeatransformativeexperience.
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HotelCastelldelsHams.Majorca,SpainA2ARQUITECTOS
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26Wouldyoudiehere?
ThisuniquehousingcomplexfortheelderlyreflectsPortugal’sculturalemphasisonqualityoflife.Thehumancomponentiscrucialineachpieceofthedesign,whichisbasedonaMediterraneantown—streets,plazas,andgardensareanextensionofeachresidence.Translucentroofslightupastheeveningfalls,toensurethatelderlyresidentscanmovefreelyatnight.Thislightingschemealsobecomescrucialinanemergency:triggeringanalarminsidethehousechangestherooflightfromwhitetored,signalingtheneedforhelp.
Lightsendsamessage.
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AlcabidecheSocialComplex.Alcabideche,PortugalGUEDESCRUZARCHITECTS
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27Canarchitecturehelpfightcancer?
Acancer-counselingcentercreatesamicrocommunityforvisitors,caregivers,andcounselors.Withajaggedrooflinethatclearlydistinguishesitfromotherhospitalbuildingsnearby,thecenterismadeupofsevensmallhousesencirclingtwograssycourtyards.Here,patientsandtheirfamiliescanlearn,eat,exercise,andrestclosetothemaincancerward,fosteringclosecollaborationbetweenthehospitalstaffandtheDanishCancerSociety.Functioninglikeasmallcommunitywithinthesurroundingneighborhood,thecenterhighlightsthevitalrolethathumancontactcanplayinthetreatmentprocess.
Architecturecangiveahealingtouch.
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Livsrum.Næstved,DenmarkEFFEKT
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28Canarchitecturegiveussuperpowers?
Thesecretoflongevity?Intergenerationalcontact,constantphysicalactivity,socialinteraction,fun,andhappiness.AlloftheseattributesareembeddedintheFunHouse—thecenterpieceoftheprogressiveagingcommunityinPalmSprings.KeytothisbuildingisMadelineGins’strailblazingtheoryof“ReverseDestiny”:usingstructurestochallengephysicalandmentalcapacities,andviewingarchitectureasakeyingredienttoalongerandhealthierlife.
Architecturecankeepusyoung.
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ReversibleDestinyHealingFunHouse.(Concept)PalmSprings,California,UnitedStatesARAWAKA+GINS,REVERSIBLEDESTINYFOUNDATION
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29Canthisschoolhelpautisticchildrenlearn?
Thisschoolisdesignedforstudentswithautismspectrumdisorder—studentswhoseelevatedsensescantriggertraumaticresponsestosuddentransitionsbetweenphysicalspaces,aswellastolarge,undefinedspaces.Nineresidencesandthreeclassroombuildingsarearrangedtofosteratherapeuticenvironmentbyallowingstudentstomovegraduallythroughthecampus.Changeindirectionissignaledbysoftturnsratherthanabruptangles,slowlyleadingstudentstothedoorwayofeachbuilding.
Architecturecancreatebeautifulchoreography.
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CenterforDiscovery.Harris,NewYork,UnitedStatesTURNERBROOKSARCHITECT
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30Canmudkeepussafe?
MaeTaoClinicisahumanitarianorganizationthatprovidesfreemedicaltreatment,shelter,andfoodformorethanthreethousandchildren.LocatedafewmilesfromtheBurmeseborder,theclinicneededtoexpandtomakeroomforitsincreasingnumbers.Membersofthisgrowingcommunitybuiltanewfacilitywithlocalwoodandadobe(mudbricks),whichhavebeenusedasaweather-andfireproofbuildingmaterialinThailandforcenturies.Now,thenewcenterishosttoahealthcareeducationprogramthatwillcreateanevenstrongersocialfabricinthisborderregion.
Dirtcanbethetiethatbinds.
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Newtrainingcentercampus&temporarydormitories.MaeMo,ThailandA.GOR.AARCHITECTS
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31Wouldyourkidsvisityouhere?
Gettingoldshouldn’tmeanlivinginisolation.Thishomefortheelderlyisahybridofahotelandaforward-thinkinghospital.Eachwhitecubeapartmentonthefacadehasaprojectingbalconydesignedtoshadewindowsbelowfromharshsun.Thisprivacyisoffsetbythegreatpublicspacethebuildingisarrangedaround:Thelongbuildingisameanderingpath(youcanliterallywalkontheroof)thatsurroundsapubliccourtyardwherepatientscangatherandmakenewfriends.
Buildingsknowthereisstrengthinnumbers.
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Houseforelderlypeople.AlcácerdoSalResidences,PortugalAIRESMATEUS
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POP-UPScientistshavelaboratories.Architectshavepop-ups.Thesetemporarystructuresaretinyexperimentsinformandspace.
Canarchitecturepop-up?
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Off-the-shelfacrylictubesareassembledtocreatearigidpavil-ionwhoseshapeisinspiredbyaroughgemstone.
BulgariArtPavilion.ManaratAlSaadiyat,AbuDhabi,UnitedArabEmiratesNOTANUMBERARCHITECTS
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Designedwithemergingchefsandfoodtruckcultureinmind,alightweight,corrugatedplasticshellcanexpandtoaccommodatedinnersfortwoorfifty.
PDU(PortableDiningUnit).SanFrancisco,California,UnitedStatesEDG
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Atemporaryfloatingweddingpavilionbarelytouchestheground,thankstoaballooncanopyfilledwithheliumanddrapedindiaphanousfabric.
Floatastic.NewHaven,Connecticut,UnitedStatesQASTICLABS
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AtemporarysocialhubonGovernorsIslandattheFigmentartsfestivalismadeof53,780recycledbottles—theamountthrownawayinNewYorkCityeveryhour.
HeadintheClouds.GovernorsIsland,NewYork,UnitedStatesSTUDIOKLIMOSKICHANGARCHITECTS
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Designersgiveastandardwhitepartytentamakeoverwithasuspendedlandscapeofwhitevinyltubes.
DriftpavilionforDesignMiami/2012.MiamiBeach,Florida,UnitedStatesSNARKITECTURE
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SHAPESHIFTERS
Canwallsbeinvisible?Canaconcerthallbeaballoon?Canaskyscraperbendoverandtouchtheground?Newtechnologyfordrawing,digitalmodeling,andconstructionmeansthatarchitectsarenolongerboundbytheshapesofthepast,andcancreateuniquespacesthatlookunlikeanythingwe’veseenbefore.
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32Canabuildingzig?
Abordercrossingisthefirstthingyouencounterinacountry,andthelastthingyouseeasyouleave.Georgiahasbuiltwhatmustbethemostinterestingbordercrossingintheworld,whichisnosurprise—sinceitwasrebornasanindependentdemocraticcountryin1991,Georgiahasbeenusingarchitecturetorebranditsimagetotheworld.Cantileveredplatformsallowforviewingoftheruggedlandscape,andacafeteria,conferenceroom,andstafffacilitiesarearrangedtocreateacompositionthatpromiseswonderfuldiscoveriesinthecountrybeyond.
Thegatewaytoacountryshouldenticeandinspirevisitors.
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Bordercheckpoint. Sarpi,GeorgiaJ.MAYERH.ARCHITECTS
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33Canarchitectureswirl?
Aninflatableandmobileconcerthallmadeofastretchyplasticmembranebringsbothartandhopetoearthquake-devastatedJapan.Thefive-hundred-seatvenuecaninflateinundertwohoursand,whendeflated,canmovetoanewlocationonthebackofatruck.
Thelinebetweenartandarchitecturecanbeacurvyone.
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ArkNova.Matsushima,JapanARATAISOZAKI,ANISHKAPOOR
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34Canarchitectureswoop?
TheSovietUnionwaswellknownforitsimposingandrigidlymonumentalarchitecture.WhenAzerbaijanislookedtocreateanewculturalcenterintheircapital,theymadeanextremedeparturefromprecedent.Thebuildingrisesoutofthelandscapeinaseriesofundulatingcurvestoencloseover57,000squaremetersofspace.Thedesignrepresentsthefluidrelationshipbetweenthecityandwhathappensinsidetheculturalcenter.
Architecturecancreatenewlandscapes.
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HeydarAliyevCenter.Baku,AzerbaijanZAHAHADIDARCHITECTS
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35Canarchitecturedrip?
Aninternationalairportisanopportunityforacitytoshowcaseitsidentitytovisitors.That’swhythearchitectsofTerminal2inMumbai’sairportchosetoreferencethepatternsoflocaljaliwindowscreensalongits17-acreroof.(Jaliisthetermforaperforatedstoneorlatticedscreen,usuallywithanornamentalpattern,oftenfoundinIndianarchitecture.)Thecofferedceiling’spatternthatdripsintocolumnsletsinlightfromabovewithskylights,creatingastrongvisualgatewaytothenation’scapital.
Architectureletsyouknowyou’vearrived.
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ChhatrapatiShivajiInternationalAirportTerminal2.Mumbai,IndiaSKIDMORE,OWINGS&MERRILL
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ChhatrapatiShivajiInternationalAirportTerminal2.Mumbai,IndiaSKIDMORE,OWINGS&MERRILL
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36Dobuildingswearstockings?
Inhistoricneighborhoods,newbuildingsshouldstrikeabalancebetweenpastandpresentarchitecture.ForanewgalleryinthenorthernpartofSeoul,thearchitectscreatedawhiteboxthatwasidealfortheartinside,buttoorigid-lookingwithinitshistoricsurroundings.Alittlewardrobechangedidthetrick:Wrappedinaflexiblechainmailveil,thewhiteboxchangesaslightplaysacrossitssurface,betterblendinginwithneighboringbuildings.
Awell-dressedbuildingisneveroutofplace.
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KukjeGallery.Seoul,SouthKoreaSOLIDOBJECTIVES-IDENBURGLIU
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37Canarchitecturebefromouterspace?
ThequicklygrowingcityofDalianaskedarchitectstocreateafunctioningconferenceandoperacenter,butalsoavisuallandmarkforthecity—somethingthatcouldbecomeaniconforthelocalcommunityandexciteaninternationalaudience.Theresultisalmostentirelyself-referential,asifanalienshiplandedonthebanksofDalian’sport.Thebuildingdoesn’tlooktocontextforitsreference,itlookstothefuture.It’sahopefulsymbolofwhatthecitywillbecome:aplaceactivatedbyvisitors,commerce,andculture.
Architecturedoesn’tpredictthefuture,itcreatesthefuture.
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DalianInternationalConferenceCenter.Dalian,ChinaCOOPHIMMELB(L)AU
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38Whatifanofficebuildingturnedinsideout?
Officedesigncanbehard.Columnsandpipesoftengetinthewayofthemuch-vaunted“open-plan”designthat,inturn,cangetinthewayofcubiclesandconferencerooms.NotsoatO-14,anofficetowerthatreliesonawhiteconcretebearingwallthreefeetawayfromthewindowstocarrythebuilding’sload.Thatmeanstherearenocolumnsinthespace.Thestructuralwallcreatesachimneyeffectthatpullshotairawayfromthebuilding(goodintheDubaiheat),andwith1,326holesinfivedifferentshapesarrangedartfullyalongthebuilding’slength,itmakesanelegantstatementaboutthisnewtypeofskyscraperdesign.
Aholenewwayoflookingatstructure.
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O-14.Dubai,UnitedArabEmiratesREISER+UMEMOTO
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O-14.Dubai,UnitedArabEmiratesREISER+UMEMOTO
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39Canglitzbemorethanglam?
Whenthis40-year-oldvillawastransformedintoapartments,itwasatriskoflosingitssingularvisualidentity.Toretainitsidentityandupgradeitforbetterenvironmentalperformance,architectsinstalledareflectiveouterwallinfrontoftheexistingbuilding.Thismirroredwallprotectsthebuildingfromtheharshsun,whileunifyingtheapartmentsbehindasingle,continuousmaterial—onethatreflectsthebeautifullandscape.
Mirror,mirror,bethewall.
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TrevoxApartments.Naucalpan,MexicoCRAFTARQUITECTOS
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40Isprettyapublicamenity?
Incaseyouwerewondering,thisshapeiscalledarotatedrhomboid.Cladinsixteenthousandhexagonaltiles,thisRodinsculpturemuseum’smuscularstructureiswrappedinashimmeringmirroredskin.ThepatternreferencesMexicoCity’straditionalcolonialceramic-tiledbuildingfacadesand,likethosebuildings,changesinappearancewithweatherandtheviewer’svantagepoint,becomingasculptureitself.
Amuseumcanbeasimportantastheartwithin.
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MuseoSoumaya.MexicoCity,MexicoFR-EE/FERNANDOROMEROENTERPRISE
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41CanarchitecturebeanOlympicsport?
Skijumpingisadeath-defyingsport;athletesrisklifeandlimbtolaunchthemselvesimpossiblyhighintotheair.ThevillageofHolmenkollen,inNorway,hasbeenhometothemostlegendaryjumpsofthelastcentury,andarecentinternationalcompetitionaimedtoraiseitsreputationevenhigherwithanewsportscampusandjumpinghill.Cladinstainlesssteelmeshandcantilevered226feet,theskijumpisthelongestofitskind,makingsureitisalwaysthecenterofattention.
Architecturegivesyouwings.
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HolmenkollenSkiJump.Oslo,NorwayJDSARCHITECTS
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42Canarchitecturebepixelated?
Abuildingthat’sasimplecubeiscomplicatedbyafacadeofsquarepanelsintencolors—justlikeapixelatedimage.Theplayfuldesignbreaksdowntheformoftheoffice,butitalsoperformstheserioustaskofconcealingtheproprietaryresearchanddevelopmentconductedbythetechnologycompanywithin.
Architecturecankeepsecrets.
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FrogQueen.Graz,AustriaSPLITTERWERK
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43Canstoneflowlikeariver?
InspiredbythegeomorphologyoftheLouisianaregion’sancientriverbed,thismuseum’ssculpturalfoyeruses1,100caststonepanelstoformapathwaytothemuseum’sinteriorgalleries.Thepanelsweredesignedandassembledusingacustomautomationprocess.
Technologyisthenewalchemy,turningrocksintowater.
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LouisianaStateMuseumandSportsHallofFame.Natchitoches,Louisiana,UnitedStatesTRAHANARCHITECTS
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44Havewebeenthinkingaboutwindowsallwrong?
TheFrenchcallitabrisesoleil(“sunbreaker”).InEasternarchitecture,it’samuxarabi.Woodenscreenshaveauniversalappealfortheirdramaticappearanceandserioussun-shadingabilityinhotweather.AtaresidenceinSãoPaulo,twohugewoodencurtainsshelterthehomeofayoungfamily,lettingairflowthroughandcreatingaprivateenclaveamidotherhouses.Thebestpartisthemysteryofthisseemingly“windowless”house.
Everyelementofarchitectureisripeforinnovation.
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BTHouse.SãoPaolo,BrazilSTUDIOGUILHERMETORRES
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45Whycan’twallsbeinvisible?
Thisisamuseumforaglasscollection,andthearchitectsdecidedthatabuildingforglassshouldbemadeofglass.Thebuildingiscomposedofasolidfloorandasolidceilingthatappeartomagicallyfloatonglasswalls.
Theboldestarchitectureissometimeshardtosee.
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GlassPavilionattheToledoMuseumofArt.Toledo,Ohio,UnitedStatesSANAA
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46Canalibrarybeamountain?
TheilliteracyrateintheNetherlandstownofSpijkenisseisawhopping10percent,sothecitylaunchedatypeofarchitecturalpublicrelationscampaignforbooks.Nearthetownsquare,community,educational,andcommercialspaceswerestackedintoapyramid,thenwrappedwitha480-meter-longbookcase.Glassfacadesexposethelibrary’scollection,invitingeveryonewhopassestocomeinside.
Familiarbuildingscanstillsurpriseus.
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StichtingOpenbareBibliotheek.Spijkenisse,NetherlandsMVRDV
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47Doesabuildingneedtobetalltochangetheskyline?
InEurope,residentialbuildingssurroundcourtyards;inManhattan,theyreachforthesky.West57thisthebestofbothworlds:itswallscreateashelteredgreenspaceforoccupantswhilemaintainingthesweepingcityvantagepointofferedbyaskyscraper.Risingtoa450-footpeak,thebuilding’sshapeletssunlightdeepintotheblockwhilekeepingviewsoftheHudsonRiveropenforneighbors.
Acondotowerdoesn’tneedtobeinwardlooking(anditdoesn’tneedtobeatower).
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West57th.NewYork,NewYork,UnitesStatesARCHITECT:BIG–BJARKEINGELSGROUP
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48Canglassbeafortress?
ThisconcerthallisacollectionofdelicatecrystalsperchedonthepunishingReykjavikwaterfront.AcollaborationwithartistOlafurEliasson,thebuilding’ssouthfaceismadeof823“quasi-bricks”—stackabletwelve-sidedmodulesfabricatedfromsteelandtendifferenttypesofglassthatshimmerlikefishscales.Buttheyaren’tjustaprettyfaçade—theglassbricksblocknoisefromdisturbingtheperformancesinside.Thestrengthoftheglasscombinedwithitsstructuremakesthisconcerthallnearlyimpenetrablebytheroilingnaturearoundit.
Somematerialshavehiddenpowers.
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HarpaConcertHallandConferenceCenter.Reykjavik,IcelandHENNINGLARSENARCHITECTSWITHBATTERÍIĐARCHITECTS,RAMBØLLGROUP,ANDARTENGINEERING,ANDOLAFURELIASSON
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49Canalightmakeawarehousewarm?
Awarehouseisawarehouseisawarehouse,right?Well,notwithashapelikethis!ThearchitectsforKOPWarehousesreplacedcorrugatedmetalwithcorrugatedtransparentandtranslucentplasticsheetstoletlightinandout.Theresultisasimpletwistonthetraditionalwarehouseandproofthatnobuildingtypeisbeyondinnovation.
Asmartarchitectcanmakeagemoutofalumpofcoal.
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KOPWarehouses.Puurs,BelgiumURA
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50Canaskyscraperbendover?
ThenewheadquartersforChinaCentralTelevision(CCTV)combinestheentireprocessofTV-making—administration,production,broadcasting—intoasingleloopofconnectedactivities.Thebuilding’sformoffersanalternativetothetraditionalskyscraper,encouragingcollaborativeactivitiesinside,andofferinganunprecedentedamountofpublicaccesstoChina’smediaproductionsystem.
Newpublicengagementcreatesnewforms.
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ChinaCentralTelevisionheadquarters.Beijing,ChinaOMA
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51Canbalconiesmakewaves?
Architecturalinnovationcantakehugeamountsofresourcesandtimetobringtofruition.Sometimesthough,theanswerisinthesmallestdetails.Underneathitsexuberantform,this82-storyhotelandapartmentbuildingisreallyjustatraditionalrectangularskyscraper.Whenitcametimetodesignthebalconies,though,thearchitectbecameasculptorandcreatedcurvyandchangingplatformsthatjutoutfromthebuildingupto12feet.Fromadistance,thisminoralterationcreatesahugespectacle—asensualcloudfloatingontheChicagoskyline.
Opportunityisinthedetails.
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AquaTower.Chicago,Illinois,UnitedStatesSTUDIOGANGARCHITECTS
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52Howmuchdoesinterestingcost?
AsiteatabusySãoPaulointersectionofferedarchitectsanopportunitytocreateanewcitylandmark—allwhileusingtraditionalbuildingmaterialsandtechniquestokeepcostsdown.Balconiesarrangedseeminglyatrandomareactuallyasimpleextensionofeachfloorplate,grantingthedesigncomplexityandcharacterwithoutblowingthebudget.
Innovativearchitecturecanaddvaluetoacitywithoutaddingcost.
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TopTowers.SãoPaulo,BrazilKÖNIGSBERGERVANNUCCHIARQUITETOS
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DRIVEThereareoverabillioncarsonEarth.
Theyhavetogosomewhere.
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Sometimesit’sokayjusttomakesomethingbeautiful.
Gasstation.Matúškovo,SlovakiaATELIERSAD
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Nodisguisesnecessaryhere.Thegarageisashapelyiconthatisproudofitsfunction.
ParkingstructurefortheTyroleanFestivalErl.Erl,AustriaKLEBOTHLINDINGERDOLLNIG
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AcollageofphotostakeninVenicewastranslatedintoafour-layereddesigntocreateamodern-daybaroquefacadeforthisgarage.
Facadeofmultistorycarpark.Skopje,MacedoniaPPGAARCHITECTS
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Arecycledstainless-steelwrapperenclosesthefirstLEED-certifiedgasstationintheUS.
HeliosHouse.LosAngeles,California,UnitesStatesOFFICEDA,JOHNSTONMARKLEE,ANDBIG
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It’sagasstation,arestaurant,apublicpark,andareflectingpool.Becausewhyshouldn’tgasstationsoffertrueamenitiestotravelers?
FuelstationandMcDonald’s.Batumi,GeorgiaGIORGIKHMALADZEARCHITECTS
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NATUREBUILDING
Natureisanincreasinglyinfluentialpartofbuildingdesign—wearebeingguidedbytrees,ratherthanoverwhelmingthem.Newarchitectureisfindinginnovativemethodstoincorporatenaturallandscapesinto,onto,andaroundbuildings.
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53Canyouliveinarock?
Withanentryandpowderroomfullycarvedfromrock,ThePierre(Frenchforstone)isahousethatcelebratestheruggedlandscapeofitssite.Stonepenetratesthestructure—excavatedrockwasevencrushedandmixedintoconcreteflooring—andconstructioninvolveddynamite,hydraulicchippers,wiresaws,andhandtools.Ratherthanconcealthisprocess,marksareleftexposedtocelebrateit.
Maybecavemenwereontosomething.
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ThePierre.SanJuanIslands,Washington,UnitedStatesOLSONKUNDIGARCHITECTS
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54Canyouliveonarock?
Ablackened-timbercabinbuiltoverthecourseofafewweekendsgetsalegupfromaboulder;inside,theinclineturnsintolargestepsthatdoubleasseatingandsleepingareas,withstorageunderneath.
Bumpsintheroadcanbeagoodthing.
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TinyTimberForestRetreat.Bohemia,CzechRepublicUHLIKARCHITEKTI
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55Aretreehousesjustforkids?
Aperfect4-metercubesuspendedmidwayupatreetrunkisasecludedlivingspacelargeenoughfortwopeople.Itsmirroredglassexteriorletsitallbutdisappearintothewoodedsurroundings,butbirdsseeandavoidcollidingwithitthankstoatransparentultravioletcoating.
Architecturecanwearcamouflage.
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Treehotel. Harads,SwedenTHAM&VIDEGÅRDARKITEKTER
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56Canarchitecturehugatree?
Architectshavelongconsideredthewaydifferentbodiesmovethroughspaces.Here,awomanwhoisconfinedtoawheelchairwantsherhometorevolvearoundthegarden.Thisredesignoftwo1830sbrickcottagesputsnatureatthecenterofherfamilyactivities.Evenfromherwheelchair,shecanenjoyviewsofmaturetreesfromahomethatisshapedtoembracethem.
Designshouldworkforallabilities.
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Treehouse.London,UnitedKingdom6AARCHITECTS
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57Canatreehousebecomeahouse-tree?
Vietnam’stropicalforestshavegivenwaytodensecities—lessthan.25percentofHoChiMinhCityiscoveredintrees.Tohelpresidentsreconnectwithnature,architectsbrokeahouseintofiveconcreteboxesandturnedtheroofofeachoneintoagiantplanter.Ifthisideaisappliedtootherhousesinthefuture,thegreenspacescouldcollectandfilterenoughstormwatertoreducefloodingcitywide.
Architecturecanhaveagreenthumb.
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HouseforTrees.HoChiMinhCity,VietnamVOTRONGNGHIAARCHITECTS
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58Cannewbuildingslearnoldtricks?
TheplanforthisvisitorcenterbeganwithamotifetchedonstonesuncoveredattheformerlocationofaSouthAfricantradingcivilization.Itsfree-formvaultswerebuiltwitha600-year-oldconstructiontechniquethatisbotheconomicallyandenvironmentallyresponsible:Locallaborersmadethe200,000pressedsoiltilesaspartofapovertyreliefprogram.Thoughit’sinspiredbythepast,thecenter’sdesignisathomeinthetwenty-firstcentury,withmoderngeometricformsthatcreateanewtopographyintheancientsetting.
Modernconstructioncanstilllearnfromancienttechniques.
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MapungubweInterpretationCentre.MapungubweNationalPark,Limpopo,SouthAfricaPETERRICHARCHITECTS
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59Doesbalancedarchitectureneedtotouchtheground?
Theshapeofthishousemaybeinspiredbyatraditionalbarn,butadramatic50-footcantileverthatletsithoveroverthegroundmakesitathoroughlymodernfeatofarchitecture;exactlyhalfofthebuildingisfloatingintheair.Arigidstructurethatusesaheavyconcretecorewherethebarntouchesthegroundmakesthispossible.Underneaththegiantcantileverisanepicswing.
Structuralinnovation,andahealthybudget,maketheimpossiblepossible.
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TheBalancingBarn.Suffolk,UnitedKingdomMVRDV
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60Canalawnbemorethanornament?
ThisbuildingisagatewaybetweenthebusycityandthesilenceofthebotanicalgardensinBrooklyn.That’swhyit’shalfbuilding,halflandscape.Anditsroofismorethanjustaprettyfeature—it’sconnectedtoasystemthatcollectsstormwatertofacilitatenaturalfiltration,andservesasaniconthatattractsthousandsofvisitorstothegarden.
Responsiblearchitecturereconnectsuswithnature.
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BrooklynBotanicGardenVisitorCenter.Brooklyn,NewYork,UnitedStatesWEISS/MANFREDI
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61Cangrasspaintacity?
Thisfive-story-highgreenwallincorporates7,600plantsfrom237speciestotransformahistoriccornerinParisintoapieceoflivingarchitecture.Beginningwithaplainconcretewall,thedesignerinstalledametal,PVC,andnonbiodegradable-feltstructurethatpreventsdamagetothebuildingwhilestillallowingplantstogrowwithoutsoil.Abuilt-inwateringsystemkeepsthewallhealthy,allowingittomatureandchangethecitylandscapeoverthecourseofseveralyears.
Plantshelpkeephistoricarchitecturealive.
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LeOasisd’Aboukirgreenwall.Paris,FrancePATRICKBLANC
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62Willthecityofthefuturebealivingorganism?
Inthesefantasticalrenderings(producedfortheHistoryChannel’s“CityoftheFuture”Competition),plantsbecomepowerproducersthatharnessnaturalenergyfromthesuntopoweranentirecity.Astheygrow,theplantstakeoverthecityandtransformitintoahybridplace:partcity,partforest.Atthetop,acanopyofbiologicallyenhancedplantscaptureenergyfromthesunandwaterfromtheclouds.Thecanopystayslowinopen,suburbanareasandliftsoffthegroundinthedenseremnantsofurbandowntowns.
Urbanplanningmeetsthelawofthejungle.
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MEtreePOLIS.(Concept)Atlanta,Georgia,UnitedStatesHOLLWICHKUSHNER(HWKN)
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SHELTERFROMTHESTORM
Changingclimatesandweathermeandanger—andopportunity—forourbuiltenvironments.Inthefaceofcataclysmicnaturalevents,architectureisoftenthefirstlineofdefense.Butarchitecturecanalsoharnessnaturetoempowerinhabitants.Withhundred-yearstormsnowcomingeverytenyears,andenergydemandsgrowingandchangingexponentially,theworldneedsarchitecturethataddressesnatureinallitsforms.
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63Canarchitectureretreatfromastorm?
Toavoiddestructionduringinevitableandintensifyingstorms,structuresbuiltwithinthecoastalerosionzoneoftheCoromandelPeninsulamustberemovable.Thishousetakestherequirementasaplayfuldesignchallenge.Thestructurefunctionsalmostlikeawoodentent—atwo-storyshutterwinchesopentoformashelteringawning,andclosestoprotectthehouseininclementweather.Perchedontwosleds,thehomecanmovetothebackofitssite,oracrossthebeachandontoabargeforatotalrelocation.
TheEarthischanging,andsoshouldourarchitecture.
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HutonSleds.Whangapoua,NewZealandCROSSONCLARKECARNACHANARCHITECTS
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64Canwefindsalvationinpapertubes?
AfteranearthquakedevastatedtheNewZealandtownofChristchurch,citizenswerelefttogrievecasualtiesaswellasthelossoftheircentralcathedral.Onearchitectrespondedwithapieceof“emergencyarchitecture”—arapidlybuiltcathedralmadeofpapertubes,shippingcontainers,andalightweightpolycarbonateskin.Thestructurecouldnotbemoresimple.Theresultissublime.
Rebuildingafterdisasterisamomentforingenuity.
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CardboardCathedral.Christchurch,NewZealandSHIGERUBAN
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65Cangreeninfrastructuregiveussuperpowers?
Thishydroelectricdamproduces10.5millionkilowattsofenergy(enoughtopowerthreethousandhomes),butthatisnotitsmostimpressivefeat!Theamazingthingaboutthisdamistheregardthearchitectsshowedfortheproject’ssurroundings.Thearchitectsconsiderednoise,pedestrianpaths,andeventhewaterroutethatfishtake.Thesinewyshapemakesitmorethansimplyinfrastructure—itisaworkingpublicsculpturethatthecitycherishes.
Protectioncanbemorethansecuritybarriers.
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Hydroelectricpowerstation.Kempten,GermanyBECKERARCHITEKTEN
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66Canplayfulbepractical?
Ourairqualityisgettingworse,especiallyinurbanareas.Whocanwelooktoforhelp?MeetWendy.Wendymaximizeshersurfaceareatoexposeasmuchtitanium-nanoparticle-coatedskintotheenvironmentaspossible.EverysquarefootofthissurfacesucksCO2outoftheair—atotalequivalenttotaking250carsoffoftheroad.ThebestpartofWendyisthatshehasapersonality—sheisbigandblueandspiky,andsheshootsoutjetsofwater,andshehasaname.Theprojectwasasmuchasocialexperimentasitwasanecologicalexperiment.
ArchitecturecanhavepersonalityandhelptheEarth.
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Wendy:2012MoMA/PS1YoungArchitectsProgramwinner.Queens,NewYork,UnitedStatesHOLLWICHKUSHNER(HWKN)
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67Canwedesignfordisaster?
Inanareathatwasswamplandtwohundredyearsago,thecoastalplay-groundsofHunter’sPointarepronetofloodinginstorms.Thearchitectsworkedwiththeengineeringteamtoanticipatethis—thesunkenovalplayingfieldisdesignedtofloodandactasabufferfortherestoftheparkandtheneighborhoodbeyond.Itisalayeredstrategythatpurposefullysacrificesplayingfieldsintheeventofastorm,ratherthanharder-to-replaceinfrastructureandhouses.
Architecturehelpsusprioritizeduringadisaster.
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Hunter’sPointSouthPark.Queens,NewYork,UnitedStatesTHOMASBALSLEYASSOCIATESANDWEISS/MANFREDI
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68Canarchitecturesaveusfromtheapocalypse?
Thinkofthisasasafetydepositboxfortheworld’sseeds.InsideamountainonaremoteislandhalfwaybetweenNorwayandtheNorthPole,thisstate-of-the-artstoragefacilityprovideswhatscientistsbelieveisafailsafewaytoprotectfoodcropsintheeventofmanmadeornaturaldisaster.Builtunderthickrockandpermafrost,thecollectionofmillionsof“backup”seedsamplescanremainfrozeneveninapoweroutage,securingtheseedsupplyforcenturies.
Givepeasachance.
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SvalbardGlobalSeedVault.Longyearbyen,NorwayBARLINDHAUGKONSERNET
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69Canarchitecturebeasponge?
NewYorkhashadsomeseriousrecoveryworktodosinceHurricaneSandydevastateditscoastalneighborhoodsin2012.Sixdesignteamshavebeenchosentodevelopinnovativeplanstoprotecttheregionfromfuturestorms.PlansrangefromhugebermsthatwillprotecttheEastRiverParkcommunityfromstormsurges—whileprovidingnewrecreationalspace—togreeninfrastructurethatwillstoreexcesswaterandpreventflooding.PicturedhereistheBigU,aseriesofgreenbermsandlandscapestoabsorbstormsurges.
Badthingscaninspireustodogood.
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TheBigU:RebuildbyDesigncompetition.(Concept)NewYork,NewYork,UnitedStatesBIGTEAM,INTERBOROTEAM,MITCAU+ZUS+URBANISTEN,OMA,PENNDESIGN/OLIN,ANDSCAPE/LANDSCAPEARCHITECTURE
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70Howmanywayscanaroofserveabuilding?
Withtemperaturesontherise,roofsmustbeenlistedinthefightagainstclimatechange.Inthespiritoftechnologicaladvancement,thisbuildingwillhavewhatSHoPArchitectscallsan“EnergyBlanket”—aroofscapedesignedtobothcollectandconserveenergyusingarangeofinnovativetechniques,includingsolarpanels,awatercollectionandrecyclingsystem,andhugeoverhangstoshadethebuilding’sinteriors.Themissionofthis270,000-square-footresearchfacilityistosupportinnovationandentrepreneurshipinBotswana.Itincludesadatacenter,engineeringfloors,andanHIVresearchlabrunbyaninternationalconsortium.
Evenincubatorsneedshade.
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BotswanaInnovationHub.Gaborone,BotswanaSHOPARCHITECTS
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SHRINKBy2050,morethan80percentoftheworld’speoplewillliveincities.Thatmeansthateverysquarefootcounts.
Howcanwethinksmaller?
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Apolyestershellenclosesanegglikemultifunctionalspace.Itincludesabathroom,kitchen,andnichesforsleepingandstorage.Whenthenoseisopened,thewholestructurebecomesaporch.
BlobVB3.Mechelen,BelgiumDMVAARCHITECTEN
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This914-square-foottransparenthouseisinspiredbytheconceptoflivinginatree,withtwenty-onedifferentfloorsatvariousheightstoallowitsownersnever-endingvariety.
HouseNA.Tokyo,JapanSOUFUJIMOTOARCHITECTS
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This19-square-meterhousehasfourroomsandwasbuiltforaquarterofthepriceofasimilarlysizedapartmentinthesamearea.
Boxhome.Oslo,NorwayRINTALAEGGERTSSONARCHITECTS
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Aprefabricated,off-the-gridpodmeetstheneedforsafehousinginSouthAfrica’s2,700informalsettlements,whichhousemillionsofinhabitantsinsubstandardconditions.
MamelodiPODhousingunit.Pretoria,SouthAfricaARCHITECTUREFORACHANGE
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Partartinstallation,partartist’sresidence,thishousemeasures28inchesatitsnarrowestandfourfeetatitswidestpoint.
KeretHouse.Warsaw,PolandJAKUBSZCZĘSNY
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Atinyofficewedgedlikeabarnaclebetweentwolargerbuildingsallowstraffictoflowbeneath.
ParasiteOffice.Moscow,RussiaZABORARCHITECTS
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SOCIALCATALYSTS
Citiesarelivingorganisms—withouttherightcultivation,theywitheranddie.Architecturehasthepowertostitchindividualsintoacommunityandenergizeforgottencornersofoururbanfabric.Communitiesusearchitecturetoplantaflagandrallytogether.Catalystscanbeyouthcenters,religiousbuildings,libraries,andevenbeehives,butregardlessofitsuse,architectureisapotenttoolforencouragingtheactofcommunity.
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71Wouldyouletyourkidsplayinawasteland?
Postindustrialwastelandsdon’talwayssparkenthusiasmfromlocalcommunities,butthisprojecttransformedadefunctwarehouseandbrownfield(landpreviouslyusedforindustry)intoapublicparkandperformancespacewithanamphitheaterthatriseslikeawavefromawoodenboardwalk.Now,thiseconomicallystrainedVirginiarailtownhasanewsenseofpridethatisrootedinnature,ratherthanindustrialdecay.
Landscapearchitecturecantransformbrowntogreen.
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SmithCreekPark.CliftonForge,Virginia,UnitedStatesDESIGN/BUILDLABATVIRGINIATECH
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72Canyouswiminpoop?
NewYorkCityissurroundedbywater,butyouwouldn’twanttoswimthere—thecitydrainseffluentdirectlyintoitsriverseverytimeitrains.That’sallgoingtochangethankstoacrowdfundedinitiativetobuildtheworld’sfirstwater-filteringfloatingpool.ThisgiantBrita-esquepoolwillfilteruptoahalfmilliongallonsofriverwatereachday,makingtheriverscleanerovertimeandcreatingamuch-neededpublicamenitythatwillreconnectustotheurbanwaterfront.
It’syourcity.Youshouldbeabletouseit.
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PlusPOOLinitiative.(Concept)NewYork,NewYork,UnitedStatesFAMILYANDPLAYLAB
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73Canhoneybeesfightblight?
Acolonyofhoneybeesthathadtakenupresidenceinanabandonedbuildingneededtoberelocated.Soagroupoflocalarchitecturestudentsdesignedthemanewhomeina22-foot-tallhoneycomb-shapedtowerwithperforatedsteelpanelsmadetoprotectthehivefromwindandweather.Inside,acypresswoodboxwithaglassbottomletsvisitorsseethebeesatworkfrombelow.Thenewhabitatisaneducationalopportunityforchildrenandadultsalike,whogettoseetheeconomicandenvironmentalregenerationhappeningthroughoutthisBuffaloneighborhood.
Underusedurbanareascanbecomehivesofactivity.
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HiveCity:ElevatorB.Buffalo,NewYork,UnitedStatesUNIVERSITYATBUFFALOSCHOOLOFARCHITECTUREANDPLANNING
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74Canarchitecturefeedacommunity?
Sittingatopaformertwentieth-centuryfactory,a40,000-square-footfieldisthelargestrooftopsoilfarmintheUnitedStates.Partofalocalfor-profitinitiativethatnowspanstworooftopsinNewYorkCity,thegardensproducemorethan50,000poundsoforganicproduceeachyearforresidents.It’slocal,organic,andtakesadvantageofastructurethatwassittingunusedfordecades.
Jointheroof-to-tablemovement.
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BrooklynGrange.Queens,NewYork,UnitedStatesBROMLEYCALDARIARCHITECTS
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75Canpaintuniteacity?
Thispublicartworkprojectbeganin2010asacollaborationbetweenDutchartistsJeroenKoolhaasandDreUrhahnandalocalteaminRiodeJaneiro’sSantaMartafavela—favelasareBrazilianslumsorshantytowns—turningitintoamorevibrant,appealingplace.Sincethen,theyhavespreadtheirmovementacrosstheworld,transformingadilapidatedareainNorthPhiladelphiaandworkingwithcommunitiesinCuraçaoandelsewheretoalterdepressedpublicspacesinwaysthatwillattractpositiveattentionandeconomicimpulses.
Positivechangecancomeinafewcansofpaint.
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FavelaPaintingProject.RiodeJaneiro,BrazilHAAS&HAHN
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76Cancolorchangeyourmorningcommute?
JustafewmetersfromoneofBratislava’shistoricsquares,adimlylitbusterminalsatneglectedforyears.Toempowercommuters,architectsenlistedthelocalcommunitytopaint1,000squaremetersofpavementwithgreenroadpaint.Twoyearslater,theypushedthelow-costdesigninterventionfurtherwithacrowdsourcedlightingunitthatwasproducedandinstalledwith4,000metersofwhitepackingtape.Theresultingspaceisbright,cheeryandafarcryfromthedrabstationitoncewas.
Anupliftingpublicspacedoesn’thavetobeexpensive,butitdoeshavetobesmart.
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Busterminalunderthebridge.Bratislava,SlovakiaVALLOSADOVSKYARCHITECTS
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77Candesignhelpwomenthrive?
ThenonprofitorganizationWomenforWomenInternationalteacheswarsurvivorsmarketableskills,empoweringthemtoremaketheircommunities.Adesignercollaboratedwiththeorganizationtocreateacommunitycenterwithaninvitingpublicplaza—ameetingplacedesignedtobridgethegapbetweenurbanbuyersandruralfarmers.Thefacility’ssustainablesystemsaremaintainedbythewomenwholivenearby,ensuringastronglocalnetworkthatcansupportthecommunityforfuturegenerations.
Architecturehelpsrebuildlives.
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Women’sOpportunityCenter.Kayonza,RwandaSHARONDAVISDESIGN
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78Canoperaempoweravillage?
In2009,BurkinabéarchitectFrancisKéréteamedupwiththelateGermanfilmandtheaterdirectorChristophSchlingensieftobringanoperahousetotheruralareaofLaongo.Thetwoembarkedonanincrediblejourneytoheightentheculturalidentityoftheregion,whichwasalreadythecenterofAfricanfilmandtheater.Stillinprogress,this“operahouseforAfrica”andeducationalcenterisalreadybringingtogetherlocalresidentsandlocalmaterialstocreatebeautifulmusicona30-acrecampusthatincludesafive-hundred-studentschoolandahealthcenter.
Acreativecommunityisitsownoasis.
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OperaVillage.Laongo,BurkinaFasoKéRéARCHITECTURE
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79Canagardensheduniteacommunity?
Ahumblegardenshedtakesonafantasticformtoavoidcastingshadowsonnearbygardenplots.Madeofchemical-freematerials,thebuildingcreatesashadedmeetingspace,whilethecharredcedarsidingdoublesasachalkboardwallformessagesandtips.Theherringbonepatternofthewoodenslatsfilterlightintotheinteriorwhilecreatingatrellisforseasonalvines.
Architectureislikegardening:Youreapwhatyousow.
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WoodlandsCommunityGardenshed.Vancouver,CanadaBRENDANCALLANDER,JASONPIELAK,ANDSTELLACHEUNG-BOYLAND
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80Cansmallhousingbegreathousing?
DemographerspredictthatNewYorkwilladdatleast1millionmoreresidentsby2040—andmanyoftheseareexpectedtobeone-ortwo-personmiddle-incomehouseholdsthatwon’tqualifyforcitysubsidiesorfinancing.Sponsoredbythemayor’soffice,theadAPTNYCcompetitionsoughtnewhousingoptionsforthisgrowingpopulation.Thiswinningplanusesasolutionofmodularhousingunitsthatcanbestackedtocreatefifty-fivenewmicrounitssizedto250squarefeet.Theconceptcanbeadaptedtomanydifferentlocations,allowingcitydeveloperstomeetthechangingneedsofcitizensasquicklyascitiesgrow.
Citiesneedhomesforteachersandnurses,too.
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MyMicroNY:adAPTNYCcompetitionwinner.(Concept)NARCHITECTS
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81Canarchitecturebecrowdsourcedandcrowdfunded?
MiCiudadIdeal(MyIdealCity)isanefforttocrowdsourceanddocumentcitizens’wishesforthefutureoftheircityand,eventually,tocrowdfundthem.LaunchedinBogotá,Colombia,theprogramhasalreadydrawnparticipationfrommorethan130,000residents.Thisnew“bottom-up”approachtourbanplanningiswell-suitedtoLatinAmericancities,whereahugeboominthenumberofmiddle-classcitizensisrequiringinnovativesolutions.ThefirstexampleofthiseffortisBDBacatá,askyscrapercreatedbyProdigyNetworkandsponsoredbyBDPromotores,thatholdstheworldrecordincrowdfunding.It’sahugestepincitizenparticipationandinvestmentinacity’sevolvingneeds.
130,000headsarebetterthanone.
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DowntownBogotárevitalizationscenariofromtheMyIdealCityinitiative.(Concept)Bogotá,ColombiaARCHITECT:WINKADUBBELDAM,ARCHITECHTONICSCREATORANDDIRECTOR:RODRIGONIÑOPRODIGYNETWORKSPONSOR:VENERANDOLAMELAS
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82Whathappenswhenarchitecturekeepsscore?
Inlessthansixmonths,architectsofthisNike-fundedfootballtrainingfacilitycreatedaplacewheretwentythousandfootballersofallagescanplaythroughouttheyear.ThefirstofitskindinAfrica,thefacilityisdesignedtohaveanopenfeeling,butcrimeisadailyrealityinthisJohannesburgtownship.Thebuilding’stransparencywelcomesthecommunitywithinvisiblesecurityatalltimes.Thecenterhaslimitedaccesspoints,anditswoodenlouverfacadecreatesatightperimeteroutside,whilehugeexpansesofglassfaceinward,towardtheprotectedplayingfieldatthecenterofthecomplex.ArchitectsevencommissionedthelocalartistKronktoturnthesecurityfenceintoasite-specificartwork,maskingitstruepurpose.
Architectureshouldprotectandserve.
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FootballTrainingCentre.Soweto,SouthAfricaRURAL/URBAN/FANTASYPROJECT
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83Canalibrarybealighthouse?
ThenewlibraryofAlexandriaisbuiltonroughlythesamesiteasthelibraryfoundedbyAlexandertheGreat2,300yearsago,butthesimilaritiesendthere.Thebuildingiscomposedofagiantslantedcircle160metersindiameter.Theglazedroofletssunlightinatoptimumlevelstoprotectthebooksandwashthespacewithnaturalillumination.Likemanymodernlibraries,theinstitutionhasexpandeditsmissionbeyondjustbooks(thoughitcanhouseupto8millionofthosetoo,andclaimstohavetheworld’slargestreadingroom).Withaplanetarium,fourmuseums,aninformationscienceschool,andconservationfacilities,thelibraryhasanew,moreimportantroleinthecommunitythaneverbefore.
Anewroofcangiveanancientlibrarynewlife.
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BibliothecaAlexandrina.Alexandria,EgyptSNØHETTA
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84Canyougetmarriedinaparkinggarage?
Thereareover105millioncommercialparkingspacesintheUnitedStates,andtheyarenotalwaysfull.ThisMiamiBeachparkinggaragecreatesacivicamenityoutofitsthreehundredparkingspaces.Theycanberepurposedwhenempty,thankstosuper-highceilingsandamazingviews.Whenthecarsaregone,thebuildingisusedforyogainthemorningandisrentedoutforeventsatnight.
Inefficientparkingcancreategreatpublicinfrastructure.
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1111LincolnRoad.MiamiBeach,Florida,UnitedStatesHERZOG&DEMEURON
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85Canalibraryberelevantinthedigitalage?
AttheSeattlepubliclibrary,thearchitectsconsideredthewayweconsumemediainadigitalageandturnedthelibraryintoarelevantpublicamenitybyredefiningitasaninstitutiondedicatedtomorethanjustbooks.Allformsofmedia—newandold—arerepresentedhere.TheyevenredesignedtheDeweydecimalsystemtomaketheplacemoreintuitiveandwelcoming.Thebuilding’sshapeisadirectresultofthisrearrangement.
Librariesstillhavealottolearn.
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SeattleCentralLibrary.Seattle,Washington,UnitedStatesOMA/LMN,REMKOOLHASANDJOSHUAPRINCE-RAMUS
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86Canyousunbatheunderground?
Manhattan’sHighLineprovedthatanelevatedraillinecouldhaveasecondlifeasavibrantpublicspace.Now,aprojectcalledTheLowlineaimstoconvertanunusedtrolleyterminalintoasubterraneanhubforyear-roundeventsandactivities.Theplanusesacutting-edgesolartechnologycalleda“remoteskylight”tocollectsunlightanddirectitunderground,allowingplants,andpeople,tothriveinapreviouslyuninhabitablespace.
Asurbanspacesbecomescarce,weappreciatethemmore.
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TheLowline.(Concept)NewYork,NewYork,UnitedStatesRAADSTUDIO
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87Canflippingaswitchenlivenaneighborhood?
ThislightandslenderbuildingatParisDiderotUniversityneighborsahulkingacademicbuildingnextdoor.Thenewbuildingfacesapublicsquareandactsasabrightgravitationalcounterpointtotheexistingbuilding.Theopenfirstfloorbeckonsvisitorsin,andatnighttheentirebuildingbecomesaplace-makingiconfortheuniversity.
Oppositesattract.
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M3A2CulturalandCommunityTower.Paris,FranceANTONINIDARMONARCHITECTES
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FASTFORWARD
Wehavebeentaughttoexpectthesamethingfrombuildingsoverandoveragain:inertboxesmadeofconcrete,steel,andglass.Butinthenearfuture,buildingswillbewildlydifferentthananythingweexperiencetoday.Thischangebeginswithtechnologyimpactingourbuildingmaterials,becausethewaywebuildimpactswhatwebuild.From3-Dprintedhousestomushroombricks,today’semergingtechnologieslookbeyondthehammerandnailtoimagineanewwayofconstructing.
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88Canabuildingcleantheair?
Welcometotheageofsmog-eatingarchitecture.Slatedtomakeitsdebutatthe2015MilanExpo,a13,000-square-meterbuildingwillbecomeanairpurifierforthecity,withaconcretefacadethatabsorbsairbornepollutantsandconvertsthemintoharmlesssaltsthatarethenwashedawaybytherain.
Architecturehelpsusbreatheeasy.
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ItalianPavilion.Milan,ItalyNEMESI&PARTNERS
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89Canweprintahouse?
The3DPrintCanalHouseisanexhibitionandexperimentationsitethatremakesthetypicalDutchcanalhouseintoa3-D-printedhomeforthetwenty-firstcentury.TheprocessofmakingturnsdigitalfilesintophysicalbuildingblocksusingaKamerMaker,alarge-scaleversionofadesktopprinter.Thismakesitpossibleforthedesignerstocreatedetailedcomponentsinalocalstyle.Thehouseisproducedon-site,sotherearenomaterialtransportationcosts,andthepotentialforlocalmanufacturingishigh—meaningcitiesmaynolongerhavetoseekcheapbuildingmaterialsfromfarawayas3-Dprintingtechnologytakesholdatthelocallevel.
Knowledgecomesfrommaking.
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3DPrintCanalHouse.(Concept)Amsterdam,NetherlandsDUSARCHITECTS
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90Canmushroomsreplacestone?
Thesebricksaremadeofmushrooms.Mushrooms!The“bio-bricks”weregrowninsideofreflectivetraysmadeoutofamirroredfilm.Thesereflectivecontainerswerelaterusedatthetopofthetowertobouncedaylightintothestructureandthespacearoundit.Thetower’sshapeisdesignedtobeefficient,too,coolingitselfbypushinghotairoutatthetop.Incontrasttotheenergy-gobblingskyscrapersonNewYorkCity’sskyline,Hy-Fioffersathought-provokingglimpseofthefuture.Hopeyoulikemushrooms.
Wecangrowthefuture.
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Hy-Fi:2014MoMA/PS1YoungArchitectsProgramwinner.Queens,NewYork,UnitedStatesTHELIVING
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91Canwormsreplaceworkers?
Silkdoesn’tseemlikethesturdiestbuildingmaterial,butagroupatMITturnedto6,500livesilkwormstobuildastructurethatconnectsnaturewithtechnologyinawholenewway.Theyprogrammedaroboticarmtocreateaframeworkacrossametalscaffoldthatgavethesilkwormsaroadmaptofollow.Whenthewormswereletlooseonthestructure,theyrespondedtolight,heat,andgeometry,producingpatternsthatwereareflectionoftheirenvironment.Theresultingdomecouldinspireresearcherstodesignandmakeman-madefiberstructuresneverbeforeimagined.
Architecturecanimitatethebeautifulefficiencyofnature.
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SilkPavilion.Cambridge,Massachusetts,UnitedStatesMITMEDIALABMEDIATEDMATTERGROUP
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92Canmetalbreathe?
Theoutsideofabuilding,itsskin,shouldbemoresimilartohumanskin—dynamicandresponsivetotheenvironment.That’stheideabehindsmartthermo-bimetal.Becauseitismadeoftwostripsofdifferentmetalsthatresponddifferentlytoheat,thisexperimentalbuildingmaterialrequiresnocontrolsorenergytoreacttochangesintemperature.Wheninstalled,itsreactivepropertyallowsthesystemtoventilateonhotdays,whileshadingitatthesametime.
Humansbreathe—soshouldourbuildings.
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Bloom.(Concept)DORISKIMSUNG
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93Whatifhousesweremadeofmeat?
Inthefutureyouwillbeabletoliveinsideapig—sortof.NoanimalsareharmedinthecreationofMeatHabitat,ato-scalemodelofahousemadewithmeatcellsgrowninalab.Theconceptisaglimpseatreplacingtraditionalbuildingmaterialswithpigcellsthatare3-D-printedtocreatefull-sizearchitecture.Anddon’tworryaboutpreservatives.Theskinisgrownwithsodiumbenzoatetokillyeasts,bacteria,andfungi—itwilllastlongerthanaTwinkieinitscellophanewrapper.
Wecouldgrowourhousesbyrethinkingmaterialstructures.
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InVitroMeatHabitat.(Concept)MITCHELLJOACHIMOFTERREFORMONE
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94Canbacteriabeyourarchitect?
A6,000-kilometer-longinhabitablewallintheSaharaDesertisn’tbuilt—itisgrown,withthehelpofabacteriathatturnssandintosandstone.ThisistheconceptbehindDune,anaturallygeneratedsandstructurethatreliesonabiologicalreaction:ThesandstoneisgrownwiththehelpofBacilluspasteurii,abacterialmicroorganismfoundinmarshesandwetlands.Onceintroduced,thebacteriamightbeabletocreateastructurallysoundandlivablestructureinlessthanaweek,openingnewpossibilitiesforrapidlydeployablerefugeehousinginthedesert.
Thedesertisalivingplace.
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Dune.(Concept)SaharaDesert,NorthAfricaMAGNUSLARSSON
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95Canarchitecturegowiki?
WikiHouseisasmallexperimentwithabigidea:Thatregularpeople(read:notarchitects)canbuildahouseanywherewithminimaltoolsandtraining.Theopensourceconstructionsystemmakesitpossibleforanyonetodesign,share,download,and“print”(withaCNCmill)quicklybuildablehousesfromsheetmaterialslikeplywoodthatarelow-costbutalsosuitedtolocalneeds.Continuouslyunderdevelopment,solutionsintheworksincludepost-earthquakehousingandafactoryinoneofRio’sfavelas.
Designforthe100percent.
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WikiHouse.(Concept)ALASTAIRPARVIN
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96Canabuildinghavereflexes?
Theattention-grabbingMedia-ITCbuildingwasdesignedasacollaborativespacefortheadvancementofnewtechnology.Itsouterwallsreflectthismission,withatranslucentskinoftemperature-regulatinginflatablebubbles.Sensorsautomaticallyinflatetheshadingcushionstoblocklightandreducecoolingcostsonhotdays,ordeflatetoletinmorelightoncloudydays.
Architecturemadeofaircanhelpkeepuscool.
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Media-ITC.Barcelona,SpainENRICRUIZ-GELI/CLOUD9
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97Whatifdronescarriedbricks,notmissiles?
FlightAssembledArchitectureisaninstallationbuiltbyflyingrobots.Tobuildthe6-meter-highstructure,agroupoffour-bladedhelicopterscarriedfifteenhundredfoambricksandplacedthembasedondigitaldesigndatathatdynamicallycontrolstheirbehavior.ThisvisionaryapproachtobuildingistheresultofacollaborationbetweenarchitectsGramazio&KohlerandinventorRaffaelloD’Andrea,whobelongtoanewgenerationofarchitectsseekingtopushthelimitsofdigitaldesignandfabrication.
Nocranes.Noladders.Nolimits.
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FlightAssembledArchitecture.(Concept)Orléans,FranceGRAMAZIO&KOHLERANDRAFFAELLOD’ANDREA
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98Canaskyscraperbebuiltinaday?
Buildingaskyscraperusedtotakeyears.ButagroupinChinaischangingeverythingweknowaboutconstruction,buildingafifteen-storyhotelinsixdays,thenathirty-storyhotelinjustovertwoweeks.Thesecretisprefabrication:Largesectionsofthebuildingwereassembledinafactory,eliminatingwasteanddelaysatthebuildingsite.AccordingtotheChinaAcademyofBuildingResearch,thetowerisfivetimesmoreearthquake-resistantthanasimilaronebuiltwithtraditionalmethods.
Evenifbuildingscanhappenintheblinkofaneye,theyshouldstillstandthetestoftime.
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T30Hotel.HunanProvince,ChinaBROADGROUP
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99Canskyscrapersbemadeofwood?
Theideaofawoodenskyscraperraiseseyebrows—andalotofquestions:Canitstandupinanearthquake?Whatifitcatchesfire?Butthisdesigncompetitionwinnerproposesathirty-four-storywoodenskyscraperthatwouldhavethesafetyattributesofsteelorconcrete,withlessconstructionwasteandbetteracousticsthantraditionalhighrises.Theideaismorethanspeculation;Sweden’slargesthousingassociationplanstocompletethetowerby2023.
Newideascangrowontrees.
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HSBStockholmcompetitionwinner.(Concept)Stockholm,SwedenBERG|C.F.MØLLERANDDINELLJOHANSSON
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HSBStockholmcompetitionwinner.(Concept)Stockholm,SwedenBERG|C.F.MØLLERANDDINELLJOHANSSON
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100Whatifacowbuiltyourhouse?
Tocreatethisexperimentalstructure,cleverlynamedTheTruffle,agroupofarchitectsdugahole,packeditwithhay,andthenpouredconcretearoundit.Aftertheconcretedried,acalfnamedPaulinamovedin,eatingthehayforayearandhollowingoutasmallcaveintheprocess—allthatwasleftintheendwasthescratchesandimprintsofhowtheplacewasmade.ItisafantasticallyhideouslittlebuildingthatbecamethemostsublimeplacetowatchaSpanishsunset.It’salsoatruemeldingofthemostimportanttenetsoffuturebuilding:relianceonknowntechniques,forward-thinkingenvironmentalism,whimsy,andbrilliantsimplicity.Moo.
Thefutureofarchitecturewillsurpriseyou.
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TheTruffle.Laxe,SpainENSAMBLESTUDIO
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TheTruffle.Laxe,SpainENSAMBLESTUDIO
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Afterjourneyingthroughtheseonehundredbuildings,hopefullyit’sclearthatthereisnoperfect,universalsolutionforthefutureofarchitecture.Allacrosstheglobe,architectsareeagerlyworkingwithclientsandskilledbuilderstodesignuniquebuildings,tailoredtochangingenvironmentalandsocialneeds.Theyarepushingtheenvelope,barrelingtowardstheunknowablefuture.Andtheyneedyourhelp.
Don’tbeabystanderandletarchitecturesimplyhappentoyou.Findanarchitect.Studyuponthelatestideasinarchitecture.Talkwiththepeopledesigningtheplaceswhereyouspendyourtime.Talkwithyourneighbors,coworkers,friends,andfamily,andtogether,insistongoodarchitecture.
Remember:Architecturedoesn’tjustrepresentyourcommunity—itshapesyoursociety.Ifyouaskarchitecturetoworkforyou,andtoreflecttheprioritiesofyourcommunityandtheEarth,youwillbeamazedbythepossibilitiesarchitecturecanbringtoeveryaspectofyourlife.
Happybuilding!
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PHOTOCREDITS
1AnthonyDubberandJamesMorris
2MarcLinsPhotography
3diephotodesigner,ReiulfRamstadArkitekter
4diephotodesigner,courtesyofSnøhetta
5IwanBaan
6Minarc(TryggviThorsteinsson,ErlaDöggIngjaldsdóttir)
7LuisGarcía
8MikaHuisman
9RolandHalbe
10©Foster+Partners/ESA
11RoosAldershoffFotografie
12LvHengzhong
13JeffGoldberg/Esto
14PeterClarke
15MorrisAdjmiArchitects
16HeatherwickStudio
17JohannesArlt,laif/Redux
18RolandHalbe
19BrenchleyArchitects/ElizabethAllnutPhotography
20FernandoAldaDavidFranck
21TamásBujnovszky
22LOT-EK
23Bernardes+Jacobsen
24IwanBaan
25A2arquitectos
26RicardoOliveiraAlves
27ThomasIbsen
28ReversibleDestinyFoundation
29TurnerBrooksArchitect
30JanGlasmeier
POP-UP
BULGARIAbuDhabiArtPavilion
NANA
PDU(PortableDiningUnit)
CesarRubio,courtesyofEDGInteriorArchitecture+Design
Floatastic
NetMartinStudio,B.Lapolla&MahdiAlibakhshian
HeadintheClouds
ChuckChoi
DriftPavilionforDesignMiami/2012
MarkusHaugg
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31FernandoGuerraFG+SG
32MarcusBuck
33LucerneFestivalArkNova2013
34Hufton+Crow
35RobertPolidori
36IwanBaan
37DuccioMalagamba
38leftimage:ImreSolt,rightimage:TorstenSeidel
39CraftArquitectos
40RafaelGamo
41MarcoBoella,courtesyofJDSArchitects
42NikolaosZachariadisandSPLITTERWERK
43TimothyHursley
44StudioGuilhermeTorres
45IwanBaan
46ScagliolaBrakkee
47BIG-BjarkeIngelsGroup
48NicLehouxandGunnarV.Andresson/Fréttablađiđ49FilipDujardin
50CC-BYVerdgris
51SteveHall,HedrichBlessing
52LeonardoFinotti
DRIVE
GAS-gasstationchain
TomasSoucek
ParkingstructurefortheTyroleanFestivalErl
GünterRichardWett
Facadeofmultistorycarpark
DarkoHristov,courtesyofPPAGarchitects
HeliosHouse
EricStaudenmaier
Fuelstation+McDonald’s
GiorgiKhmaladze
53BenjaminBenschneider
54JanKudej
55ÅkeE:sonLindman
56JohanDehlin/6AArchitects
57VoTrongNghiaArchitects
58ObieOberholzer
59MVRDVandLivingArchitecture
60AlbertVečerka/Esto61PatrickBlanc
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62HWKN
63SimonDevitt
64ShigeruBan
65BrigidaGonzález
66MichaelMoran/OTTO
67AlbertVečerka/Esto68CropTrust/MariTefre
69TheBIGTeam
70SHoPArchitects
SHRINK
blobVB3
FrederikVercruysse
HouseNA
IwanBaan,courtesyofSouFujimoto
Boxhome
SamiRintala
MamelodiPODhousingunit
ArchitectureforaChange
KeretHouse
PolishModernArtFoundation
ParasiteOffice
ZaBorArchitects
71JeffGoldberg/Esto
72PlusPOOL
73HiveCity
74AlexMacLean
75Haas&Hahn
76PatoSafko
77ElizabethFelicella,courtesyofSharonDavisDesign
78KéréArchitecture
79DaveDelneaImages
80MIR
81Archi-Tectonics
82WielandGleich
83Snøhetta
84IwanBaan
85RamonPrat
86RenderingbyKibumPark.PhotographbyCameronNeilson.
87LucBoegly
88Nemesi&Partners
89DUSArchitects
90BarkowPhoto
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91MITMediaLabMediatedMatterGroup
92BrandonShigeta
93MitchellJoachim,EricTan,OliverMedvedik,MariaAiolova
94OrdinaryLtd(MagnusLarsson&AlexKaiser)
95CCByLyntonPepper
96LuisRos
97Gramazio&KohlerandRaffaelloD`AndreaincooperationwithETHZurich
98BROADGroup
99C.F.MøllerArchitects&DinellJohansson
100RolandHalbe
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AUTHORTHANKS
ThisbookwouldnothavebeenpossiblewithouttheamazingworkofJenniferKrichels,whosmiledallthewayfromBuilding1toBuilding100.SpecialthankstoMatthiasHollwich,andtotheteamsatTEDandatArchitizer,especiallyCatherineFinsness,SiddharthSaxenaandLunaBernfest.ToChrisBarley,themostpatientspeakingcoachintheworld—noneofthiswouldhavebeenpossiblewithoutyoursupport.Thankstothephotographersforcapturingallofthisamazingwork.Finally,thankstothearchitectsandtheirclientsfordesigningandbuildingsuchamagnificentgroupofbuildings.
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ABOUTTHEAUTHOR
MARCKUSHNERisapracticingarchitectwhosplitshistimebetweendesigningbuildingsatHWKN,thearchitecturefirmhecofounded,andamassingtheworld’sarchitectureonthewebsiteheruns,Architizer.com.Bothhavethesamemission:toreconnectthepublicwitharchitecture.
Kushner’scorebeliefisthatarchitecturetoucheseveryone—andeveryoneisafanofarchitecture—eveniftheydon’tknowityet.Newformsofmediaempowerpeopletoshapethebuiltenvironment,andthatmeansbetterbuildingsthatmakebettercitiesthatmakeabetterworld.
Readthebookandwatchthetalk.
MarcKushner’s18-minuteTEDTalk,
nowavailableonline:
go.ted.com/architectureMEETTHEAUTHORS,WATCHVIDEOSANDMOREAT
SimonandSchuster.comauthors.SimonandSchuster.com/Marc-Kushner
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WATCHMARCKUSHNER’STEDTALK
MarcKushnerspokeattheTEDConferencein2014.HisTEDTalk,availableforfreeatTED.com,wastheinspirationforTheFutureofArchitecturein100Buildings.
PHOTO:JAMESDUNCANDAVIDSON/TED
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RELATEDTALKSONTED.COM
MichaelGreen:WhyWeShouldBuildWoodenSkyscrapersgo.ted.com/Green
Buildingaskyscraper?Forgetaboutsteelandconcrete,saysarchitectMichaelGreen,andbuilditoutofwood.Greenexplainsthatit’snotonlypossibletobuildsafewoodenstructuresuptothirtystoriestall(and,hehopes,higher),it'salsonecessary.AlastairParvin:ArchitectureforthePeoplebythePeoplego.ted.com/Parvin
Whatifregularcitizenscoulddesignandbuildtheirownhouses?TheconceptisattheheartofWikiHouse,anopensourceconstructionkitthatmeansjustaboutanyonecanbuildahouse,anywhere.ThomasHeatherwick:BuildingtheSeedCathedralgo.ted.com/Heatherwick
Ashowcaseoffiverecentprojectsfeaturingingeniousbio-inspireddesigns.Someareremakesoftheordinary—abus,abridge,apowerstation—andoneisanextraordinarypavilion,theSeedCathedral,acelebrationofgrowthandlightBjarkeIngels:BuildingWithNaturego.ted.com/Ingels
DanisharchitectBjarkeIngelsrocketsthroughphoto/video-mingledstoriesofhiseco-flashydesigns.Hisbuildingsnotonlylooklikenature—theyactlikenature:blockingthewind,collectingsolarenergy—andcreatingstunningviews.
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ABOUTTEDBOOKS
TEDBooksaresmallbooksaboutbigideas.They’reshortenoughtoreadinasinglesitting,butlongenoughtodelvedeepintoatopic.Thewide-rangingseriescoverseverythingfromarchitecturetobusiness,spacetraveltolove,andisperfectforanyonewithacuriousmindandanexpansiveloveoflearning.
EachTEDBookispairedwitharelatedTEDTalk,availableonlineatTED.com.Thebookspickupwherethetalksleaveoff.Aneighteen-minutespeechcanplantaseedorsparktheimagination,butmanytalkscreateaneedtogodeeper,tolearnmore,totellalongerstory.TEDBooksfillsthisneed.
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COMINGSOON
FollowYourGut:TheEnormousImpactofTinyMicrobesbyRobKnightwithBrendanBuhler
Inthisgroundbreakingbook,scientistRobKnightrevealshowthemicroscopiclifewithinourbodies—particularlywithinourintestines—hasanastonishingimpactonourlives.Yourhealth,mood,sleeppatterns,eatingpreferences,andmorecanallbetracedinparttothetinycreaturesthatliveonandinsideofus.
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ABOUTTED
TEDisanonprofitdevotedtospreadingideas,usuallyintheformofshort,powerfultalks(eighteenminutesorless)butalsothroughbooks,animation,radioprograms,andevents.TEDbeganin1984asaconferencewhereTechnology,Entertainment,andDesignconverged,andtodaycoversalmosteverytopic—fromsciencetobusinesstoglobalissues—inmorethanonehundredlanguages.
TEDisaglobalcommunity,welcomingpeoplefromeverydisciplineandculturewhoseekadeeperunderstandingoftheworld.Webelievepassionatelyinthepowerofideastochangeattitudes,lives,and,ultimately,ourfuture.OnTED.com,we'rebuildingaclearinghouseoffreeknowledgefromtheworld'smostinspiredthinkers—andacommunityofcurioussoulstoengagewithideasandeachother.Ourannualflagshipconferenceconvenesthoughtleadersfromallfieldstoexchangeideas.OurTEDxprogramallowscommunitiesworldwidetohosttheirownindependent,localevents,allyearlong.AndourOpenTranslationProjectensurestheseideascanmoveacrossborders.Infact,everythingwedo—fromtheTEDRadioHourtotheprojectssparkedbytheTEDPrize,fromTEDxeventstotheTED-Edlessonseries—isdrivenbythisgoal:Howcanwebestspreadgreatideas?
TEDisownedbyanonprofit,nonpartisanfoundation.
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Coverandinteriordesignby:MGMT.design
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