The Future International Project at GSI -

FAIR - Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research

Walter F. Henning / GSI Darmstadt

CARE-HHH-APD, November 2004, CERN

GSI Darmstadt

Member of the Helmholtz Association

IntroductionBrief Description of FAIRAccelerator IssuesResearch GoalsSummary and Outlook

Other Presentations Related to FAIR

• G. Franchetti Space charge and optics studies for the GSI complex Session 2

• P. Spiller SIS100/300 and high-energy beam transport at FAIR Session 5

• G. Moritz Fast pulsed superconducting magnets for SIS and super SPS Session 5

• G. Rumolo Intensity limitations by combined and/or Session 6 unconventional impedance sources

UNILACSIS

FRS

ESR

SIS 100/300

HESRSuperFRS

NESR

CR

RESR

The Future International Facility at GSI: FAIR - Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research

100 m

ExistingExistingFuture ProjectFuture Project

UNILACSIS

FRS

ESR

SIS 100/300

HESRSuperFRS

NESR

CR

RESR

The Future International Facility at GSI: FAIR - Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research

100 m

ExistingExistingFuture ProjectFuture Project

Beams now: Z = 1 – 92(protons to uranium)up to 2 GeV/nucleonBeam cooling

Beams now: Z = 1 – 92(protons to uranium)up to 2 GeV/nucleonBeam cooling

Beams in the future:

Intensity: 100 – 1000 fold Species: Z = -1 – 92(anti-protons to uranium) Energies: up to 35 - 45 GeV/uPrecision: beam cooling

Beams in the future:

Intensity: 100 – 1000 fold Species: Z = -1 – 92(anti-protons to uranium) Energies: up to 35 - 45 GeV/uPrecision: beam cooling

3 Ionsources2 injectors

Heavy Ion Linac UNILAC (<20 MeV/u)

Heavy Ion SynchrotronSIS18 (2 GeV/u for A/q=2)

Fragment SeparatorFRS

ExperimentalStorage RingESR

Present GSI Accelerators

1GeV/u U + H

About 1000 nuclear residues

identified

A/Z-resolution ~10-3

Production of exotic nuclear beams by fragmentation

advantage:shortlived isotopes(T1/2< ms) accessible

electron collector electron gun

high voltage platform

magnetic fieldelectron beam

ion beam

electron collector electron gun

high voltage platform

magnetic field electron beam

ion beam

Electron-Beam Cooling of Energetic Ion Beams

G.I. Budker, At. En. 22 (1967) 346G.I. Budker, A.N. Skrinsky et al., IEEE NS-22 (1975) 2093

Schottky Frequency Spectrum

electron collector electron gun

high voltage platform

magnetic fieldelectron beam

ion beam

Storage Rings: Cooled Ion Beams

0.97 1 1.03rel. ion velocity v/v0

ion

inte

nsi

ty

before cooling

after cooling

Electron-Cooled Ion Beams:• highest phase space density• highest momentum resolution• smallest beam diameter• increased (collider) luminosity• sensitivity to low intensity• restoration of beam-target effects• precision mass measurements

Scheidenberger et al.

Primary Beams

• 1012/s; 1.5-2 GeV/u; 238U28+

• Factor 100-1000 over present in intensity• 2(4)x1013/s 30 GeV protons• 1010/s 238U73+ up to 35 GeV/u (up to 90 GeV protons)

Secondary Beams

•Broad range of radioactive beams up to 1.5 - 2 GeV/u; up to factor 10 000 in intensity over present •Antiprotons 3 - 30 GeV

•Cooled beams•Rapidly cycling superconducting magnets

Key Technical Features

Storage and Cooler Rings

•Radioactive beams•e – A collider

•1011 stored and cooled 0.8 - 14.5 GeV antiprotons

FAIR: Facility Characteristics

UNILACSIS

FRS

ESR

SIS 100/300

HESRSuperFRS

NESR

CR

RESR

ProductionTargets

Accelerator Physics and Technology for FAIR

Main R&D challengesSuperconducting, fast ramping synchrotron magnets

High gradient, low frequency RF cavities

Fast stochastic and electron cooling

Novel lattice/collimation design: Beam optics studies

Control of collective effects:Large scale simulation studies

Ultra high vacuumfor intense beams

HESR e-cooler

SIS 100 dipole magnet

CR compressor cavity

control of stripping losses

Desorption test-stand Working pointdiagram:Stabilityof intensebeams

SIS 100/300: Low loss designOr: how accurate do we need to simulate ?

1012/s 1.0 GeV/u U28+: 40 kW (1 TW)

1010/s 1 GeV/u U73+: 0.4 kW

SIS 18 average power (2004/2005):

SIS 100/300 average (peak) power:

SIS 100/300

SIS 18

Quenching/Lifetime of SC magnets: tolerable beam loss in the SC magnets: < 1 % Beam loss induced outgassing: Dynamic pressure below 5x1012 mbar requires < 1 %

Structure activation: Hands-on maintenance requires losses < 1 %

(Uncontrolled !) beam loss budget:

Experimental Setup for Ion Beam Induced Desorption Yield Measurements at GSI

sample holder

ion gauge

sector valve

RGA

conductance

collimator

fromaccelerator

TMP TSP

SIP

TMPcurrenttransformer

ion gauge

Since 2003: Systematic studies:4 experiments on over 20 different targets.

Experiments by: M. Bender, H. Kollmus, A. Krämer (GSI), E. Mahner (CERN)

0,1

1

10

100

1000

eff (

N2

equi

v.)

[mol

ecul

es/io

n]

Pb27+

Cr7+

C2+

316LN 304 Cupolished

Ag/Cu1m sputter

coated

Si Al

Dynamic Vacuum and Desorption Processes

Beam losses increase with number of injected ions (shorter beam life time due to stronger pressure bumps)

P. Spiller, December 20018.75 MeV/u U28+

beam loss induced

desorptionloss ≈ 104

50 Voltspace charge potential vacuum chamber wall

septum or collimator

U28+

U28+ U28+

XX

X

X

X

X

X

X

Xq+

q e

U(28+q)

loss

loss

X

lossX

ion induced desorption

x ≈ 1-10

HESR: Beam Dynamics IssuesLow momentum spread + high luminosity ?

1-15 GeV

Nmax=1012

<L>=2x1032 cm-2s-1

E=100 keV (p/p=10-5)

p

HESR

H2 (=0.08 g/cm3)70000 pellets/s

d=1 mm

Internal Target:

p

<ntarget> = 5x1015 cm-2

1 A, 8 MeV e-beam30 m cooling section0.5 T magnetic Field

Electron cooler:computer modeling of the interplay of:intrabeam scatteringtarget interactionelectron coolingrf fields (barrier,..)impedances/feedbackdynamic aperturetrapped particles

INTAS Project (April 2004):‘Advanced beam dynamics for storage rings’FZJ,GSI,ITEP,JINR,Kiev,TSL

Long-term phenomena (> 1 s) !

12 m

H- Cyclotron

30 m

Solenoid field

High voltage (8 MV) tank

HESR

Feasibility study of fast (‘seconds’) electron cooling for the HESR, Budker Institute, Novosibirsk, RUS

HESR Electron Cooler

1 A electron beam

ESR Cooler: 3 m, 300 kV

Antiproton Electron Cooling in the HESRMagnetized (!) cooling

Simulation of cooling dynamics:

New SIS 100/300 Synchrotron

R&D programm in rapidly cyclingsuperconducting magnets

Two synchrotrons in one tunnel(1080 m circumference)

Booster and compressor Stretcher and high energy ring

Nuclotron dipole magnet:B=2T, dB/dt=4T/s

RHIC type dipole magnet:B=4T 6T, dB/dt=1T/s

SIS 300

R&D in Superconducting Magnet Technology

SIS200/300 cos magnet

UNILACSIS

FRS

ESR

HESRSuperFRS

NESR

CR

RESR

SIS 300

SIS 100

GSI today

PANDA

El.Cooler

Atom.Phys.

CBM

Plasma Phys.

FLAIR

Low En. Expt.

High En. Expt.

NESR Expts

Antiproton Production Target

SIS18 Upgrade

Beamlines

The FAIR Project

UNILACSIS

FRS

ESR

HESRSuperFRS

NESR

CR

RESR

SIS 300

SIS 100

GSI today

PANDA

El.Cooler

Atom.Phys.

CBM

Plasma Phys.

FLAIR

Low En. Expt.

High En. Expt.

NESR Expts

Antiproton Production Target

SIS18 Upgrade

Beamlines

The FAIR Project

• Nuclear Structure Physics and Nuclear Astrophysics with Radioactive Ion-Beams

• Hadron Physics with Antiprotons

• Physics of Nuclear Matter with Relativistic Nuclear Collisions

• Physics of Dense Plasmas with Highly Bunched Laser and Ion Beams

• Atomic Physics, Fundamental Symmetries and Applied Sciences

• Accelerator Physics

0% 50% 100%

Radioactive Beams

Nucleus-NucleusCollisions

Antiprotons

Plasma-Physics

100 Tm Ring

300 Tm Ring

Collector & Storage Ring

High-Energy Storage Ring

Nucleus-Nucleus 100 sec

RadioactiveBeams

PlasmaPhysics

Antiprotons

Duty-Cycles of the Accelerator RingsDuty-Cycles of the Accelerator Rings Duty-Cycles of the Physics ProgramsDuty-Cycles of the Physics Programs

Parallel Operation

SIS 300

Proton-rich nuclei•Proton radioactivity•Proton - neutron pairing•Isospin symmetry•Tests of standard model and symmetries•Nucleosynthesis

Neutron-rich nuclei•Neutron drip line•Shell quenching•Skins and halos•Loosley bound systems•Soft collective modes•Nucleosynthesis

Superheavy elements•Shell stabilization•Long-lived nuclei

Structure and Dynamics of Nuclei – Radioactive Beams at FAIRStructure and Dynamics of Nuclei – Radioactive Beams at FAIR

Pro

ton

nu

mb

er

Z

Accreting white dwarf

Nova Cygni 1992

Sun

Elements in our solar system

Neutron number N

Nuclear Physics in the Universe

Physics program at the High Energy Antiproton Storage Ring (HESR)

Physics program at the High Energy Antiproton Storage Ring (HESR)

J/ spectroscopy confinement

hidden and open charm in nuclei

glueballs (ggg) hybrids (ccg)

strange and charmed baryons in nuclear fields

inverted deeply virtual Compton scattering

CP-violation (D/ - sector)

fundamental symmetries:

antiprotons in traps (FLAIR)

New proposals: ASSIA, PAX (pol. target; pol. p – beams)

comparison e+e- versus ppcomparison e+e- versus pp

e+e- interactions: only 1-- states formed other states populated in secondary decays (moderate mass resolution)

pp reactions: all states directly formed (very good mass resolution)

production of 1,2

'ee

2,1

/J ee

formation of 1,2

/J ee

2,1pp

Crystall Ball

E 760 (Fermilab)

m (beam) = 0.5 MeV

Nuclear Matter and the Quark-Gluon Plasma – Relativistic Nuclear Beams at FAIR

Nuclear Matter and the Quark-Gluon Plasma – Relativistic Nuclear Beams at FAIR

QCD- Phase Diagram

study of compressed baryonic / strange matter in nucleus-nucleuscollisions up to laboratory energies of 35 AGeV

important probe: dilepton pairs

SIS 100/300SIS 100/300

SIS AGS CERN SPS

optimum production ofbaryons with strange quarks

maximum compressionin heavy-ion collisions

threshold for strange quarks

threshold forantiprotons

threshold forcharm quarks

1 10 100

ion energy [AGeV]

nucl

ear

mat

ter

den

sity

(bl

ue c

urve

)

Rel

.pro

duct

ion

of s

tran

ge

qua

rks

(re

d cu

rve)

NN Collisions at 2-40 AGeVNN Collisions at 2-40 AGeV

SIS 18

Ion BeamHeating

Jupiter

Sun Surface

Magnetic Fusion

solid statedensity

Tem

pera

ture

[eV

]

Density [cm-3]

LaserHeating

PHELIX

Ideal plasmas

Strongly coupled

plasmas

Sun Core

InertialCofinement

Fusion

High Power Density in Matter – Physics of Dense Plasma

High Power Density in Matter – Physics of Dense Plasma

SIS 100

U92+

2. Extreme Dynamic Fields

0 87 94 97 98Percent of Light Velocity

Atomic Physics

t 0.1 as

I 1021 W/cm2

MHz

b ~ 106 fm

COSTS (CDR Year-2000 Euros)

Building and infrastructure: 225 Mio. € Accelerator: 265 Mio. €

Experimental stations / detectors: 185 Mio. €

Total: 675 Mio. €

SCHEDULE

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700

Nuclear structurephysics

Antiproton physics

Nuclear matterresearch

Atomic physics

Plasma research

Materials research

Radiation biology

Accelerator physics New facilityGSI today

Users interest

Users, Costs and SchedulesEstimates from July 2001

Kostenprofil Stufen 1-2-3

0,0

20,0

40,0

60,0

80,0

100,0

120,0

140,0

160,0

180,0

200,0

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Sum Stage 1

Sum Stage 2

Sum Stage 3

Cost Profile for Stages 1 - 2 - 3

...a FAIR Perspective...