the french revolution crisis of the french monarchy louis xv 1715-1774 & louis xvi (1774-1792)...
TRANSCRIPT
THE FRENCH REVOLUTION
• CRISIS OF THE FRENCH MONARCHY Louis XV 1715-1774 & Louis XVI (1774-1792) DEBT
• TAXES Peasants shoulder tax burden but have the least money
• ARISTOCRACY & CLERGY Aristocracy wants more influence & clergy protect entitlements
• ENLIGHTENMENT liberty & equality of opportunity radical & revolutionary idea. Liberalism: primary role of gov’t to protect & promote rights of individual. Ideals of E. can be realized but not supported by the masses!
THE ESTATES GENERAL
• Duke of Orleans regent for LXV: parlements restored & absolutism challenged
• New tax increases attempted but failed under Louis XV
• Louis XV bad reputation hurt monarchy
• Louis XVI rule leads France towards financial crisis & political upheaval
• Louis XVI must call Estates General 1788: 1st time since 1614
ESTATES GENERAL BECOMES NATIONAL ASSEMBLY JUNE 20, 1789
• ORGANIZATION & VOTING 2 MAJOR ISSUES
• 3RD DEMANDS THEY ALL SIT TOGETHER
• OLD REGIME CEASED TO CORRESPOND W/ SOCIAL REALITY OF 1780’S
• TENNIS COURT OATH – role of 3rd estates middle class
• CONSTITUTIONAL MON-ARCHY: LIBERTY GUARAN-TEED BY LAW
THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY
• LIMITED MONARCHY – 1ST STAGE OF THE REVOLUTION
• DECLARATION OF THE RIGHTS OF MAN
• NATIONALIZED CHURCH PROPERTY
• ESTABLISHED METRIC SYSTEM
• CONFLICT WITH CATHOLIC CHURCH 1ST FAILURE
• ABOLISHED FRENCH NOBILITY AS A LEGAL ORDER
• SOME RELIGIOUS FREEDOM TO JEWS & PROTESTANTS
REVOLT OF THE POOR & OPPRESSED
• ECONOMIC DEPRESSION & AGRICULTURAL FAILURE
• SOARING PRICES OF BREAD
• STORM BASTILLE 7/14/89
• GREAT FEAR; 8/4/79 ARIST- OCRACY RENOUNCES PRIV-ILEGES
• ROLE OF WOMEN
• 10/5/89 WOMEN MARCH
• THREATEN QUEEN & ROYAL FAMILY FORCED TO LIVE IN PARIS
THE RECONSTRUCTION OF FRANCE1791-1799
• REFLECTIONS ON THE REVOLUTION IN FRANCE E. BURKE 1790• DEFENSE OF CONSERVATISM – REVOLUTION A MISTAKE
• A VINDICATION OF THE RIGHTS OF MAN ’92 M. WOLLSTONECRAFT• REVOLUTION ONLY WHEN RIGHTS ARE EXTENDED TO ALL PEOPLE
• REVOLUTION WELCOMED BY EUROPEAN MONARCHS INITIALLY BUT BEGIN TO FEAR POWER OF REVOLUTION & EUROPE PREPARES FOR WAR WITH FRANCE
POLITICAL REORGANIZATION
• JACOBINS DOMINATE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY 1791
• MORE RADICAL REVOLUTION-ARIES THAN PREVIOUS REPS.
• DECLARE WAR ON PRUSSIA APRIL 1792 – if they’re going to declare war on us let’s beat them to the punch.
• WAR BETWEEN FRANCE & EUROPE – GOES BADLY BUT PARIS IS SAVED
• RUMORS & RHETORIC
• CALLS FOR NEW NATIONAL ASSEMBLY
• MONARCHY DYING
THE SECOND REVOLUTION 1792-1793
• RAPID RADICALIZATION OF REVOLUTION
• FRANCE BECOMES A REPUBLIC 9/1792
• DEATH OF LOUIS XVI 7/93
• CONTINUATION OF WAR
• COMMITTEE OF PUBLIC SAFETY
• ROBESPIERRE • REIGN OF TERROR