the french revolution and napoleonsection 1 today’s warm up answer on your warm up/exit ticket...
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The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 1
Today’s Warm Up
• Answer on your warm up/exit ticket sheet:
• Respond to the famous quote by the French writer Victor Hugo: “No army can withdrawal the strength of an idea whose time has come.” How does this quote relate to what we have just learned about the Age of Enlightenment?
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The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 1
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The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 1
Today’s LEQ
• How did the ideas of the Enlightenment lead to revolution in France?
Main Idea
Problems in French society led to a revolution, the formation of a new government, and the end of the monarchy.
The French Revolution Begins
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The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 1
Causes of the Revolution
Long-standing resentments against the monarchy
• Inequalities in society
– Existing social and political structure
– Called the Old Order, or ancient régime
• King at the top and estates under him
– King Louis XVI, shy and indecisive
– Unpopular, self-indulgent queen, Marie-Antoinette
– Rest of French society divided into three classes, called estates
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The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 1
Varied widely in what they contributed in terms of work and taxes
• Roman Catholic clergy
• One percent of the population
• Exempt from taxes
• Owned 10 percent of the land– Collected rents and
fees– Bishops and other
clergy grew wealthy
First Estate
• Nobility
• Less than 2 percent of the population
• Paid few taxes
• Controlled much wealth
• Held key positions– Government– Military
• Lived on country estates
Second Estate
• Largest group—97% of the population
• Bourgeoisie—city-dwelling merchants, factory owners, and professionals
• Sans culottes—artisans and workers
• Peasants—poor with little hope, paid rents and fees
Third Estate
The Three Estates
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The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 1
• Severe economic problems affected much of the country
• France in debt, spending lavishly, borrowing money, and facing bankruptcy
• Hailstorm and drought ruined harvest; harsh winter limited flour production
• People hungry and angry; clergy and nobility no help
A Financial Crisis
• Inspiring new ideas from Enlightenment philosophers
• Great Britain’s government limiting the king’s power
• American colonists rebelled successfully against British king
• New ideas changed government and society in other countries
Enlightenment Ideas
Further Causes
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The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 1
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The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 1
By 1789, no group happy• Clergy and nobility lost power to
monarchy • Bourgeoisie resented
regulations
• Poor worse off
Storming of the Bastille• King brought in troops• People of Paris armed
themselves• Searching for weapons, a mob
stormed the Bastille
Estates General meets
• Desire for reforms• Voting process a problem• Third Estate proclaimed
themselves National Assembly
• Tennis Court Oath
Great Fear spread• King to punish the Third Estate
with foreign soldiers • Rumors of massacres• Peasants destroyed records
and burned nobles’ houses
First Events of the Revolution
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The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 1
RAFT Summary
• Role: Advisor to King Louis XVI
• Audience: King Louis XVI
• Format: Letter
• Topic: Advise King Louis XVI on how to prevent revolution in France. Be sure to provide detailed problems France was facing and offer solutions.
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The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 1
Today’s Exit Ticket
• Answer on your warm up/exit ticket sheet:
• Why would the privileged members of the First and Second Estate want revolution in France?
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The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 1
Today’s Warm Up
• Answer on your warm up/exit ticket sheet:
• Explain why the Third Estate broke away from the Estates General and formed the National Assembly.
• Turn in your homework (Letter to Louis)
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The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 1
• Louis tried to protect his throne
• Angered the common people
• Prices still high; mob broke into the palace demanding bread (Fearsome Fish Ladies!)
• Royal family seized; National Assembly took bolder steps further restricting the power of both the King and the Catholic Church
Restrictions on Power
• Feudal dues eliminated
• Declaration laid out “liberty, equality, fraternity”
• Inspired by the English Bill of Rights, American Declaration of Independence, and the writings of Enlightenment philosophers
• Men are born equal and remain equal under the law
• The rights did not extend to women
Legislating New Rights
Creating a New Nation
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The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 1
•In 1791, the Legislative Assembly is formed; Constitutional Monarchy!
•Voting rights extended, but rights were not universal.
•King’s Power restricted; monarchy feels threatened
• Austria warned against harming monarchs
• Austrian army defeats French
• Financial strain of war, food shortages, and high prices
• King blamed; action demanded
Foreign Powers
Formation of a New Government
• August 10, 1792 royal family imprisoned by mob
• Radical faction took charge with National Convention
• Monarchy abolished; France declared a republic
End of Monarchy
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The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 1
Reign of Terror!• Read Chapter 6, Section 2 &
complete the section review.
• Be sure to record important terms, people, and ideas within your class notes.
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The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 1
Today’s Exit Ticket
• Answer on your warm up/exit ticket sheet:
• Write a 3 sentence protest speech explaining why the Reign of Terror went too far and contradicted the original reasons for the revolution.